Hibernate application development with OceanBase Cloud

This topic describes how to use the Hibernate framework and OceanBase Cloud to build an application that can perform basic operations such as table creation, data insertion, and data query.

Download the Java OceanBase Hibernate sample project

Prerequisites

• You have registered an Alibaba Cloud account and created an instance and a MySQL compatible tenant. For more information, see Create an instance and Create a tenant.
• You have installed JDK 1.8 and Maven.
• You have installed IntelliJ IDEA.

Procedure

1. Obtain the connection string of the OceanBase Cloud database.
2. Import the java-oceanbase-hibernate project into IntelliJ IDEA.
3. Modify the database connection information in the java-oceanbase-hibernate project.
4. Run the java-oceanbase-hibernate project.

Step 1: Obtain the connection string of the OceanBase Cloud database

1. Log in to the OceanBase Cloud console. In the instance list, expand the information of the target instance, and in the target tenant, choose Connect > Get Connection String.

   For more information, see Obtain the connection string.

2. Fill in the corresponding information in the URL based on the created OceanBase Cloud database.

   Note

   The URL information is required in the hibernate.cfg.xml file.

   jdbc:oceanbase://host:port/schema_name?user=$user_name&password=$password
   

   Parameter description:

   • host: the connection address of the OceanBase Cloud database, for example, t********.********.oceanbase.cloud.
   • port: the connection port of the OceanBase Cloud database, which is 3306 by default.
   • schema_name: the name of the schema to be accessed.
   • user_name: the account for accessing the database.
   • password: the password of the account.

For more information about the URL parameters, see Database URL.

Step 2: Import the java-oceanbase-hibernate project into IntelliJ IDEA

1. Start IntelliJ IDEA and choose File > Open....

   

2. In the Open File or Project window that appears, select the project file and click OK.

3. IntelliJ IDEA automatically identifies the various files in the project and displays the project structure, file list, module list, and dependencies in the Project tool window. The Project tool window is usually located on the left side of the IntelliJ IDEA interface and is open by default. If it is closed, you can click View > Tool Windows > Project in the menu bar or press the shortcut key Alt + 1 to reopen it.

   Note

   When you import a project using IntelliJ IDEA, it automatically detects the pom.xml file in the project, downloads the required dependency libraries based on the described dependencies in the file, and adds them to the project.

4. View the project.

Step 3: Modify the database connection information in the java-oceanbase-hibernate project

Modify the database connection information in the hibernate.cfg.xml file based on the information obtained in Step 1: Obtain the connection string of the OceanBase Cloud database.

Here is an example:

• The name of the database driver is com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver.
• The connection address of the OceanBase Cloud database is t5******.********.oceanbase.cloud.
• The access port is 3306.
• The name of the schema to be accessed is test.
• The tenant account is mysql001.
• The password is ******.

Here is the sample code:

<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://t5******.********.oceanbase.cloud:3306/test</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">mysql001</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">******</property>

Step 4: Run the java-oceanbase-hibernate project

Running path

1. In the project structure, go to src > test > java and locate the TestHibernate.java file.
2. In the tool menu bar, choose Run(U) > Run > TestHibernate, or click the green triangle in the upper right corner to run.
3. View the log information and output results in the console of IntelliJ IDEA.

Running result

User{id=2, name='update'}
User{id=3, name='user_insert3'}
User{id=4, name='user_insert4'}
User{id=5, name='user_insert5'}

FAQ

1. Connection timeout

If you encounter a connection timeout issue, you can configure the connection timeout parameter in the JDBC URL:

jdbc:mysql://host:port/database?connectTimeout=30000&socketTimeout=60000

2. Character set

To ensure the correct character encoding, set the appropriate character set parameter in the JDBC URL:

jdbc:mysql://host:port/database?characterEncoding=utf8&useUnicode=true

3. SSL connection

To enable an SSL connection with OceanBase Cloud, add the following parameter to the JDBC URL:

jdbc:mysql://host:port/database?useSSL=true&requireSSL=true

4. Special characters in the account password

If the username or password contains special characters (such as #), you need to URL-encode them:

String encodedPassword = URLEncoder.encode(password, "UTF-8");

Project code

Click java-oceanbase-hibernate to download the project code. The code is stored in a compressed file named java-oceanbase-hibernate.zip.

After you decompress the file, a folder named java-oceanbase-hibernate is created. The directory structure is as follows:

│--pom.xml
│
├─.idea
├─src
│  ├─main
│  │  ├─java
│  │  │  └─com
│  │  │      └─oceanbase
│  │  │          ├─dao
│  │  │          │   └─--UserDao.java
│  │  │          │
│  │  │          └─pojo
│  │  │              └─--User.java
│  │  │
│  │  └─resources
│  │      │--hibernate.cfg.xml
│  │      │
│  │      └─com
│  │          └─oceanbase
│  │              └─pojo
│  │                  └─--User.hbm.xml
│  │
│  └─test
│      └─java
│          └─--TestHibernate.java
│
└─target

File description:

• pom.xml: the configuration file of the Maven project. It contains the project dependencies, plugins, and build information.
• .idea: the directory used by the integrated development environment (IDE) to store project-related configuration information.
• src: the directory where the source code of the project is stored.
• main: the directory where the main source code and resource files are stored.
• java: the directory where the Java source code is stored.
• com: the root directory where the Java packages are stored.
• oceanbase: the root directory where the project is stored.
• dao: the directory where the data access object (DAO) packages are stored. The DAO packages are used to access the database or other data storage services.
• UserDao.java: the user data access object. It is used to perform operations such as adding, deleting, modifying, and querying user data.
• User.java: the user persistence object. It is used to map the fields of the user data table.
• pojo: the plain old Java object (POJO) that is used to map the database table or other data storage structures. The POJO is stored in the pojo directory.
• resources: the directory where the resource files such as the configuration files and SQL files are stored.
• hibernate.cfg.xml: the configuration file of Hibernate. It is used to configure the basic parameters and data source of Hibernate.
• User.hbm.xml: the mapping file of the user persistence object. It is used to define the mapping relationship between the user persistence object and the user data table.
• test: the directory where the test code and resource files are stored.
• TestHibernate.java: the Java class that is used to test Hibernate.
• target: the directory where the compiled class files and jar packages are stored.

pom.xml

The content of the pom.xml configuration file is as follows:

1. File declaration statement.

   This statement declares the file as an XML file using XML version 1.0 and character encoding UTF-8.

   Sample code:

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   

2. Configure the namespaces and model version of the POM.

   1. Use xmlns to set the POM namespace to http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0.
   2. Use xmlns:xsi to set the XML namespace to http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance.
   3. Use xsi:schemaLocation to set the POM namespace to http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 and the location of the POM XSD file to http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd.
   4. Use the <modelVersion> element to set the POM model version to 4.0.0.

   Sample code:

   <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   </project>
   

3. Configure basic information.

   1. Use <groupId> to set the project identifier to com.oceanbase.
   2. Use <artifactId> to set the project dependency to java-oceanbase-hibernate.
   3. Use <version> to set the project version to 1.0-SNAPSHOT.

   Sample code:

    <groupId>com.oceanbase</groupId>
    <artifactId>java-oceanbase-hibernate</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   

4. Use <build> to define the project build process.

   1. Use <plugins> to specify the plugins configured in the project.
   2. Use <plugin> to specify a plugin configured in the project.
   3. Use <groupId> to set the project identifier to org.apache.maven.plugins.
   4. Use <artifactId> to set the project dependency to maven-compiler-plugin.
   5. Use <configuration> to specify the parameters of the configured plugin.
   6. Use <source> to set the source code version of the compiler to 8.
   7. Use <target> to set the source code version of the compiler to 8.

   Sample code:

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>8</source>
                    <target>8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
   

5. Use <dependencies> to define the components that the project depends on.

   1. Set the organization of the dependency to com.oceanbase, the name to oceanbase-client, and the version to 2.4.2.

      Sample code:

          <dependencies>
          <dependency>
              <groupId>com.oceanbase</groupId>
              <artifactId>oceanbase-client</artifactId>
              <version>2.4.2</version>
          </dependency>
          </dependencies>
      

   2. Set the test framework of the dependency to junit, the name to junit, and the version to 4.13.

      Sample code:

          <dependencies>
          <dependency>
              <groupId>junit</groupId>
              <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
              <version>4.13</version>
          </dependency>
          </dependencies>
      

   3. Set the architecture of the dependency to org.hibernate, the core library to hibernate-core, and the version to 5.2.17.Final.

      Sample code:

      <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.17.Final</version>
        </dependency>
      </dependencies>
      

   4. Set the architecture of the dependency to org.hibernate, the data source library to hibernate-c3p0, and the version to 5.2.17.Final.

      Sample code:

      <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.17.Final</version>
        </dependency>
      </dependencies>
      

User.hbm.xml

The User.hbm.xml file is a Hibernate mapping file that maps Java objects to database tables.

The User.hbm.xml file contains the following parts:

1. File declaration statement.

   This statement declares the file as an XML file using XML version 1.0 and character encoding UTF-8. It also specifies the DTD version and location of the Hibernate mapping file. The DTD document type is set to hibernate-mapping, the version to 3.0, the language to EN, and the URL of the file to http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd.

   Sample code:

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
           "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
           "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
   

2. Configure the mapping file.

   Define a Hibernate mapping file that maps the User entity class to the test_hibernate_mysql database table.

   1. Use the package attribute to set the Java package in the mapping file to com.oceanbase.pojo.
   2. Use the class tag to map data in the data table. Set the name attribute to User to specify the Java class name, and set the table attribute to test_hibernate_mysql to specify the database table name.
   3. Use id to define the primary key attribute. Set the name attribute to id to specify the member variable of the User Java class, and set the column attribute to USER_ID to specify the database field name.
   4. Use generator to define the primary key generation strategy. Set the class attribute to sequence to specify the type of the primary key generator, the param element to SQ_USER to specify the sequence name in the database, the name attribute to USER_NAME to specify the column in the database table corresponding to the attribute, and the data type to string.

   Sample code:

   <hibernate-mapping package="com.oceanbase.pojo">
   <class name="User" table="test_hibernate_mysql">
       <!-- Configure primary key generation strategy -->
       <id name="id" column="USER_ID">
           <generator class="sequence">
               <param name="sequence">SQ_USER</param>
           </generator>
       </id>
       <!-- Configuration Tables and Properties -->
       <property name="name" column="USER_NAME" type="string"/>
   </class>
   </hibernate-mapping>
   

Introduction to the hibernate.cfg.xml file

The hibernate.cfg.xml file is a configuration file for Hibernate, which is used to configure the running environment of Hibernate and the parameters for connecting to a database.

The hibernate.cfg.xml file contains the following main parts:

1. File declaration statements.

   This statement declares that the file is an XML file using XML version 1.0 and character encoding UTF-8. It also specifies the DTD version and location of the Hibernate configuration file, setting the DTD document type to hibernate-configuration, the version to 3.0, the language to EN, and the URL to http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd.

   Sample code:

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
   <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
           "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
           "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
   

2. Configure the configuration parameter.

   The root element contains the element, which is used to set the session factory of Hibernate. The session factory is used to create and manage session objects. The session factory includes parameters such as the driver class name, URL, username, and password for connecting to a database, connection pool parameters, database dialect, SQL output and formatting, automatic creation of database tables, current session context, batch processing, and second-level cache.

   1. Configure the database information.

      This section configures the parameters for connecting to a database, including the driver class name, URL, username, and password for connecting to a database.

      • Use hibernate.connection.driver_class to specify the database driver class as com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver, which is used to establish a connection with the database.
      • Use hibernate.connection.url to specify the database URL, including the database address, port number, and database name.
      • Use hibernate.connection.username to specify the username for connecting to the database.
      • Use hibernate.connection.password to specify the password for connecting to the database.

      Sample code:

          <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property>
          <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:oceanbase://host:port/schema_name</property>
          <property name="hibernate.connection.username">user_name</property>
          <property name="hibernate.connection.password">******</property>
      

   2. Configure the connection pool information.

      This section configures the parameters for the connection pool used by Hibernate. The connection pool is set to C3P0, and the parameters include the maximum and minimum number of connections, timeout, maximum idle time, number of cached Statement objects, idle test time, number of connections obtained at once, and connection verification method.

      Note

      The following parameters are for reference only and do not represent a complete list of supported parameters. For information about other parameters, see the related topics.

      • Use hibernate.connection.provider_class to specify the connection pool as C3P0, which is used to manage the creation and release of database connections.
      • Use hibernate.c3p0.max_size to specify the maximum number of connections in the connection pool as 60.
      • Use hibernate.c3p0.min_size to specify the minimum number of connections in the connection pool as 30.
      • Use hibernate.c3p0.checkoutTimeout to specify the timeout for obtaining a connection in the connection pool as 30000 milliseconds.
      • Use hibernate.c3p0.timeout to specify the maximum idle time in the connection pool as 2000 milliseconds. Connections that exceed this time will be closed.
      • Use hibernate.c3p0.max_statements to specify the maximum number of cached SQL statements in the connection pool as 100.
      • Use hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period to specify the idle connection detection period in the connection pool as 3000 milliseconds.
      • Use hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment to specify the increment in the number of connections when the connection pool dynamically grows as 3.
      • Use hibernate.c3p0.validate to specify the connection verification method as true.

      Sample code:

      <property name="hibernate.connection.provider_class">org.hibernate.c3p0.internal.C3P0ConnectionProvider</property>
      <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">60</property>
      <property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">30</property>
      <property name="hibernate.c3p0.checkoutTimeout">30000</property>
      <property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">20000</property>
      <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">100</property>
      <property name="hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period">3000</property>
      <property name="hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment">3</property>
      <property name="hibernate.c3p0.validate">true</property>
      

   3. Configure the SQL interaction information. This section configures the information for connecting to a database. It includes the database dialect, SQL printing and formatting, automatic table creation, current session context, batch size, cache usage, and mapping file loading.

      • Use dialect to specify the database dialect as MySQL 5.7 to ensure compatibility with the specific database.
      • Use hibernate.show_sql to specify whether to print the SQL statements generated by Hibernate on the console.
      • Use hibernate.format_sql to specify whether to format the printed SQL statements.
      • Use hbm2ddl.auto to specify whether to automatically create tables.
      • Use current_session_context_class to specify the current session context as thread-level.
      • Use hibernate.jdbc.batch_size to specify the batch size.
      • Use hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache to specify whether to enable the second-level cache.
      • Specify the mapping file to be loaded as com/oceanbase/pojo/User.hbm.xml.

      Sample code:

        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL57Dialect</property>
        <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
        <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
        <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
        <property name="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">10</property>
        <property name="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">false</property>
        <mapping resource="com/oceanbase/pojo/User.hbm.xml"/>
      

Introduction to UserDao.java

The UserDao.java file implements the add, delete, modify, and query operations of user data by using the Session object in the user data access object (DAO) class.

The UserDao.java file contains the following code:

1. Import other classes and interfaces.

   Declare the following interfaces and classes in the current file:

   • User class: used to operate on user objects.
   • Session class: used to interact with the database.
   • SessionFactory class: used to create a Session instance.
   • Transaction class: used to manage database transactions.
   • Configuration class: used to load the Hibernate configuration file.
   • Query class: used to execute query operations.
   • List interface: used to operate on query result sets.

   Sample code:

   import com.oceanbase.pojo.User;
   import org.hibernate.Session;
   import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
   import org.hibernate.Transaction;
   import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
   import org.hibernate.query.Query;
   import java.util.List;
   

2. Define the UserDao class.

The UserDao class is a Java class that serves as a data access object for persisting user objects. This class encapsulates a series of methods related to database interaction for adding, deleting, modifying, and querying user objects. By calling methods in the UserDao class, you can easily interact with the database to perform persistence operations.

1. Initialize the UserDao class instance.

   Use an object initialization block to initialize the Session object during the class instantiation.

   First, create a Configuration object and call the configure method to read the Hibernate configuration file (hibernate.cfg.xml). Then, call the buildSessionFactory method to create a SessionFactory object. Finally, call the openSession method to create a Session object and assign it to the session variable.

   Sample code:

   private Session session;
   {
       Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
       // Create SessionFactory
       SessionFactory sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
       session = sessionFactory.openSession();
   } //Read the hibernate.cfg.xml file
   

2. Set the user information corresponding to the specified ID.

   The selectUserById method queries the user information corresponding to the specified ID.

   Call the get method of the session object, passing in the User.class and ID parameters, to obtain the User record corresponding to the specified ID from the database and store it in the user variable.

   Sample code:

   public User selectUserById(int ID) {
       User user = session.get(User.class, ID);
       return user;
   }
   

3. Query user information based on the username.

   The selectUserbyName method queries the user information based on the username. First, define a Hibernate Query Language (HQL) statement to query the user data with the specified name. The table name is test_hibernate_mysql, the table alias is u, and the query field name is name. Call the createQuery method of the Session object to create a Query object and pass in the HQL statement and entity class as parameters. Call the setParameter method of the Query object to set the query parameters, where 0 indicates the parameter position and name indicates the parameter value. Call the list method of the Query object to execute the query and convert the query result to a list of User objects.

   Sample code:

   public List<User> selectUserbyName(String name) {
     String sql = "FROM test_hibernate_mysql u WHERE u.name =?";
     Query<User> query = session.createQuery(sql, User.class);
     query.setParameter(0, name);
     List<User> users = query.list();
     return users;
   }
   

4. Query all user data.

   The selectUser method implements the method for querying all user data. Define an SQL statement to query all user data. Call the createNativeQuery method of the Session object to create a Query object and pass in the SQL statement as a parameter. Then, call the addEntity method to add the User entity class to the query so that the query result can be converted to a list of User objects. Call the getResultList method of the Query object to execute the query and convert the query result to a list of User objects.

   Sample code:

   public List<User> selectUser() {
       String sql = "SELECT * FROM test_hibernate_mysql";
       Query<User> query = session.createNativeQuery(sql).addEntity(User.class);
       List<User> users = query.getResultList();
       return users;
   }
   

5. Insert user data.

   The insertUser method inserts user information. Specify a User parameter user to pass in the user object to be inserted. Call the beginTransaction method of the Hibernate Session to create a transaction object and save it in the beginTransaction variable. Call the save method to save the user object to the database. Call the getTransaction method of the Session object to obtain the current transaction and call the commit method to commit the transaction, persisting the previous operations to the database and returning the result of the insert operation.

   Sample code:

   public int insertUser(User user) {
       // open transaction
       Transaction beginTransaction = session.beginTransaction();
       session.save(user);
       session.getTransaction().commit();
       return 1;
   }
   

6. Delete user data.

   The deleteUserById method deletes the user record corresponding to the specified ID from the database. Specify an integer parameter id to pass in the user ID to be deleted. Call the beginTransaction method of the Hibernate Session to start a new transaction. Call the get method to obtain the corresponding user object based on the specified user ID and entity class type (User.class). Call the delete method to delete the user object. Call the getTransaction method of the Session object to obtain the current transaction and call the commit method to commit the transaction, persisting the user information to the database and returning the result of the delete operation.

   Sample code:

   public int deleteUserById(int id) {
       // open transaction
       session.beginTransaction();
       User user = session.get(User.class, id);
       session.delete(user);
       session.getTransaction().commit();
       return 1;
   }
   

7. Modify user data.

   The updateUserById method updates the corresponding user information. Specify a User parameter user to specify the user data to be updated. Call the beginTransaction method of the Session object to start a transaction. Call the get method of the Session object to obtain the corresponding User object based on the user ID. Call the merge method of the Session object to merge the passed-in User object with the obtained User object, updating the passed-in user data to the database. Call the getTransaction method of the Session object to obtain the current transaction and call the commit method to commit the transaction, returning the result of the modify operation.

   Sample code:

   public int updateUserById(User user) {
       // open transaction
       session.beginTransaction();
       User user1 = session.get(User.class, user.getId());
       session.merge(user);
       session.getTransaction().commit();
       return 1;
   }
   

User.java code

The User.java file implements the operations of adding, deleting, modifying, and querying user data by using the Session object and the data access object (DAO) class.

The User.java file contains the following code:

1. Import other classes.

   Declare the classes that are used in the current file and are configured by using Java Persistence API (JPA) annotations to map the classes to database tables:

   • Column annotation: specifies the mapping between the attributes of an entity class and the columns of a database table.
   • Entity annotation: maps a database table.
   • GeneratedValue annotation: specifies that the value of the attribute is automatically generated.
   • GenerationType annotation: specifies the primary key generation strategy.
   • Id annotation: specifies the unique identifier attribute.
   • Table annotation: specifies the name of the table corresponding to the entity class.

   Sample code:

   import javax.persistence.Column;
   import javax.persistence.Entity;
   import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
   import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
   import javax.persistence.Id;
   import javax.persistence.Table;
   

2. Map the database table.

   Map the entity class to the database table and specify the table name as test_hibernate_mysql.

   Sample code:

   @Entity
   @Table(name = "test_hibernate_mysql")
   

3. Define the User class.

   Map the User class to the test_hibernate_mysql table in the database.

   1. Define two attributes, id and name. Use annotations to specify the mapping between the id and name attributes of the User class and the columns of the database table. Use the @Id annotation to specify the id attribute as the primary key. Use the @GeneratedValue annotation to specify the sequence as the primary key generation strategy. Use the @Column annotation to specify the mapping between the attributes and the columns of the database table. The id attribute stores the user ID, and the name attribute stores the username.

      Sample code:

      @Id
      @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE)
      @Column(name = "user_id")
      private int id;
      
      @Column(name = "user_name")
      private String name;
      

   2. Create a User object.

      Define two constructors of the User class to create a User object. Define an empty constructor for Hibernate query operations. Define a constructor with parameters to initialize the id and name attributes.

      Sample code:

      public User() {
      }
      
      public User(int id, String name) {
          this.id = id;
          this.name = name;
      }
      

   3. Get and set the id and name values.

      Define four methods of the User class to get and set the values of the id and name attributes. The getId method is used to get the id value. The setId method is used to set the id value. The getName method is used to get the username name value. The setName method is used to set the username name value.

      Sample code:

      public int getId() {
          return id;
      }
      
      public void setId(int id) {
          this.id = id;
      }
      
      public String getName() {
          return name;
      }
      
      public void setName(String name) {
          this.name = name;
      }
      

   4. Return the string representation of the User object.

      Override the toString method of the User class to return the string representation of the User object. Define @Override to override the method with the same name in the parent class. Define the toString method to return the string representation of the User object. Concatenate the id and name attribute values into a string and return the string to the caller User.

      Sample code:

      @Override
      public String toString() {
          return "User{" +
                  "id=" + id +
                  ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                  '}';
      }
      

TestHibernate.java code

The TestHibernate.java file executes the insert, delete, update, and query operations on the UserDao object to demonstrate the basic database operations of Hibernate.

The TestHibernate.java file contains the following code:

1. Import other classes and interfaces.

   Declare the classes and interfaces that are used in the current file, including UserDao, User, Session, SessionFactory, Configuration, and so on.

   • UserDao class: executes database operations related to users.
   • User class: operates on user objects.
   • Session class: executes session operations on the database.
   • SessionFactory class: creates a Session object.
   • Configuration class: configures Hibernate.
   • SessionImpl class: obtains the underlying JDBC connection.
   • Test annotation: marks a test method.
   • IOException class: handles I/O exceptions.
   • Connection class: obtains the JDBC connection.
   • SQLException class: handles SQL exceptions.
   • List class: stores query result sets.
   • UUID class: generates a unique identifier.

   Sample code:

   import com.oceanbase.dao.UserDao;
   import com.oceanbase.pojo.User;
   import org.hibernate.Session;
   import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
   import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
   import org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl;
   import org.junit.Test;
   import java.io.IOException;
   import java.sql.Connection;
   import java.sql.SQLException;
   import java.util.List;
   import java.util.UUID;
   

2. Define the testHibernate method. The testHibernate method contains the basic operations, including insert, delete, update, and query. Create a UserDao object, and insert five user records in a loop. Call the insertUser method to insert user records. Call the deleteUserById method to delete user records with ID 1. Call the updateUserById method to update user records with ID 2. Call the selectUser method to query all user records. Traverse the query results and print them to the console.

   Sample code:

   public class TestHibernate {
       @Test
       public void testHibernate() throws SQLException, IOException {
           UserDao userDao = new UserDao();
           for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
               userDao.insertUser(new User(i, "user_insert" + i));
           }
           int deleteUserById = userDao.deleteUserById(1);
           int update = userDao.updateUserById(new User(2, "update"));
           List<User> users = userDao.selectUser();
           users.forEach(System.out::println);
       }
   }
   

Complete code

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.oceanbase</groupId>
    <artifactId>java-oceanbase-hibernate</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>8</source>
                    <target>8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.27</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.17.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Hibernate c3p0 connection pool-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.17.Final</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.oceanbase.pojo">
    <class name="User" table="test_hibernate_mysql">
        <!-- Configure primary key generation strategy -->
        <id name="id" column="USER_ID">
            <generator class="sequence">
                <param name="sequence">SQ_USER</param>
            </generator>
        </id>
        <!-- Configuration Tables and Properties -->
        <property name="name" column="USER_NAME" type="string"/>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>

    <session-factory>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://host:port/schema_name</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.username">user_name</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.password">******</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.provider_class">org.hibernate.c3p0.internal.C3P0ConnectionProvider</property>
        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">60</property>
        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">30</property>

        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.checkoutTimeout">30000</property>
        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">20000</property>

        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">100</property>
        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period">3000</property>
        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment">3</property>
        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.validate">true</property>

        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL57Dialect</property>
        <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
        <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
        <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
        <property name="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">10</property>
        <property name="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">false</property>
        <mapping resource="com/oceanbase/pojo/User.hbm.xml"/>
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

package com.oceanbase.dao;

import com.oceanbase.pojo.User;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;

import java.util.List;


public class UserDao {
    private Session session;
    {
        Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
        // Create SessionFactory
        SessionFactory sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
        session = sessionFactory.openSession();
    } //Read the hibernate.cfg.xml file
//    private Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession();

    public User selectUserById(int ID) {
        User user = session.get(User.class, ID);
        return user;
    }

    public List<User> selectUserbyName(String name) {
        String sql = "FROM test_hibernate_mysql u WHERE u.name =?";
        Query<User> query = session.createQuery(sql, User.class);
        query.setParameter(0, name);
        List<User> users = query.list();
        return users;
    }

    public List<User> selectUser() {
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM test_hibernate_mysql";
        Query<User> query = session.createNativeQuery(sql).addEntity(User.class);
        List<User> users = query.getResultList();
        return users;
    }

    public int insertUser(User user) {
        // open transaction
        Transaction beginTransaction = session.beginTransaction();
        session.save(user);
        session.getTransaction().commit();
        return 1;
    }

    public int deleteUserById(int id) {
        // open transaction
        session.beginTransaction();
        User user = session.get(User.class, id);
        session.delete(user);
        session.getTransaction().commit();
        return 1;
    }

    public int updateUserById(User user) {
        // open transaction
        session.beginTransaction();
        User user1 = session.get(User.class, user.getId());
        session.merge(user);
        session.getTransaction().commit();
        return 1;
    }

}

package com.oceanbase.pojo;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;


@Entity
@Table(name = "test_hibernate_mysql")
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE)
    @Column(name = "user_id")
    private int id;

    @Column(name = "user_name")
    private String name;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(int id, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

import com.oceanbase.dao.UserDao;
import com.oceanbase.pojo.User;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;


public class TestHibernate {
    @Test
    public void testHibernate() throws SQLException, IOException {
        UserDao userDao = new UserDao();
        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
            userDao.insertUser(new User(i, "user_insert" + i));
        }
        int deleteUserById = userDao.deleteUserById(1);
        int update = userDao.updateUserById(new User(2, "update"));
        List<User> users = userDao.selectUser();
        users.forEach(System.out::println);
    }
}

References

For more information about OceanBase Connector/J, see OceanBase JDBC driver.