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Start on Cloud

A unified distributed database ready for your transactional, analytical, and AI workloads.

DEPLOY YOUR WAY

OceanBase Cloud

The best way to deploy and scale OceanBase

OceanBase Enterprise

Run and manage OceanBase on your infra

TRY OPEN SOURCE

OceanBase Community Edition

The free, open-source distributed database

OceanBase seekdb

Open source AI native search database

Customer Stories

Real-world success stories from enterprises across diverse industries.

View All
BY USE CASES

Mission-Critical Transactions

Global & Multicloud Application

Elastic Scaling for Peak Traffic

Real-time Analytics

Active Geo-redundancy

Database Consolidation

Comprehensive knowledge hub for OceanBase.

Blog

Live Demos

Training & Certification

Documentation

Official technical guides, tutorials, API references, and manuals for all OceanBase products.

View All
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QUICK START
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OceanBase Database

SQL - V3.2.4Enterprise Edition

  • Documentation Revision History
  • Document Overview
  • Get Started
    • What is OceanBase Database
      • Overview
      • Concepts
      • Compatibility with Oracle
        • Overview
        • SQL data types
        • Built-in functions
        • System views
      • Compatibility with MySQL
      • Management tools
      • Version rules
      • Limitations
    • Deploy OceanBase Database
      • Deployment introduction
      • Deployment process
      • Preparations
        • Prepare servers
        • Server configurations
        • Prepare installation packages
      • HA solution for OceanBase clusters
      • Deploy through the GUI
        • Configure the deployment environment
          • Deploy OAT
          • Verify deployment
          • Configure the clock source
          • Upload installation packages
          • Add a server
          • Initialize a server
        • Deploy OCP
          • Overview
          • Add an OCP configuration file
          • Deploy OCP
          • Verify deployment
        • Deploy the OceanBase cluster
          • (Optional) Configure DNS
          • Add an OBServer to the OCP resource pool
          • Create an OceanBase cluster
        • Deploy ODP
          • Overview
          • Deploy ODP
        • Create an OceanBase tenant
          • View resources available for a business tenant
          • Create a tenant
          • Verify deployment
        • Deploy OMS
          • Overview
          • Add an OMS configuration file
          • Deploy OMS
          • Verify deployment
        • Deploy ODC
          • Overview
          • Add an ODC configuration file
          • Deploy ODC
          • Verify deployment
      • Deploy through the CLI
        • Configure the deployment environment
          • Install oat-cli
          • Use oat-cli to configure the deployment environment
          • Configure the clock source
          • Upload installation packages
          • Configure host information
          • Check the environment before deployment
        • Deploy OCP
          • Overview
          • Generate a configuration file
          • Start deployment
          • Verify deployment
        • Deploy the OceanBase cluster
          • Deploy a single-replica OceanBase cluster
          • Deploy a three-replica OceanBase cluster
        • Deploy ODP
          • Deploy ODP by using the CLI
        • Create an OceanBase tenant
          • View resources available for a business tenant
          • Create a tenant
          • Verify deployment
        • Deploy OMS
          • Overview
          • Modify the configuration file
          • Start deployment
          • Verify deployment
        • Deploy ODC
          • Overview
          • Modify the configuration file
          • Start deployment
          • Verify deployment
    • Data migration
      • Overview
      • Migrate data by using OMS
        • Migrate data by using OMS
        • Migrate data from a MySQL database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database by using OMS
        • Migrate data from a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database to a MySQL database by using OMS
        • Migrate data from an Oracle database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database by using OMS
        • Migrate data from an Oracle database to an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database by using OMS
        • Migrate data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to an Oracle database by using OMS
        • Migrate data from a DB2 LUW database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database by using OMS
        • Migrate data from a DB2 LUW database to an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database by using OMS
        • Migrate data from a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database to a DB2 LUW database by using OMS
        • Migrate data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to a DB2 LUW database by using OMS
        • Migrate data from a TiDB database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database by using OMS
        • Migrate data between MySQL tenants of OceanBase Database by using OMS
        • Use OMS to migrate data between Oracle tenants of OceanBase Database
      • Migrate data by using OBLOADER & OBDUMPER
        • Import data by using OBLOADER
        • Export data by using OBDUMPER
      • Migrate data by using SQL scripts
      • Migrate data by using mysqldump
      • Migrate data by using DataX
      • Migrate data by using the OUTFILE statement
    • Database connections and routing
      • Overview
      • Manage ODP
        • ODP management overview
        • Manage ODP clusters
          • Create an ODP cluster
          • Manage ODP cluster parameters
          • Delete an ODP cluster
          • Upgrade all ODPs in an ODP cluster
          • Restart all ODPs in an ODP cluster
          • Manage OceanBase clusters connected to an ODP cluster
          • Monitor ODP cluster performance
        • Manage ODP
          • Add an ODP
          • Start an ODP
          • Refresh ODP configurations
          • Stop an ODP
          • Restart an ODP
          • Delete an ODP
          • Upgrade an ODP
        • ODP startup parameters
      • Database connections
        • Connect to OceanBase Database from OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database from a MySQL client
        • Connect to OceanBase Database through ODC
      • Physical connections
      • Logical connections
        • Query all sessions
        • Query the details of a session
        • Query the metrics of a session
        • Query session variables
        • Terminate a session
      • Driver management
        • Overview
        • OB-ODBC
        • OBCI
        • OceanBase Connector/C
        • OceanBase Connector/J
      • Routing management
        • Table-based routing of ODP
        • SQL parser
        • LDC-based routing
        • ODP routing strategies
          • Read/Write splitting
          • Follower-first read
          • Blocklist mechanism
    • Cluster and multi-tenant management
      • Manage clusters
        • Create a cluster
        • Manage clusters
        • Manage cluster parameters
          • Overview
          • Query cluster-level parameters
          • Modify cluster-level parameters
        • Manage zones in a cluster
          • Overview of zone management
          • Add or delete a zone
          • Add or delete an encrypted zone
          • Start or stop a zone
          • Modify the configurations of a zone
          • Restart a zone
          • Isolate a failed zone
        • Manage OBServer nodes
          • Add an OBServer node
          • View OBServer node status
          • Stop or start an OBServer node
          • Restart an OBServer node
          • Isolate a failed OBServer node
          • Delete an OBServer node
          • Replace an OBServer node
        • View cluster information
        • Overview of cluster tenant management
        • Monitor cluster performance
        • Cluster performance report
        • View resource information of a cluster
      • Configuration management
        • Overview of configuration management
        • Set parameters
        • Set variables
        • Configure general parameters
        • Examples of parameter configuration in a production environment
        • Recommended minimum resource configuration
      • Resource management
        • Overview
        • Create a resource unit
        • Manage resource units
          • View configurations of a resource unit
          • Modify configurations of a resource unit
          • Drop a resource unit
        • Create a resource pool
        • Manage resource pools
          • Allocate a resource pool to a tenant
          • Modify a resource pool
          • Merge resource pools
          • Split a resource pool
          • Remove a resource pool from a tenant
          • Delete a resource pool
        • Query resource allocation
      • Tenant management
        • Overview of tenant management
        • Create a tenant
        • Copy a tenant
        • Manage tenants
          • Query tenant information
          • Modify a tenant
          • Rename a tenant
          • Drop a tenant
        • Manage users and privileges
          • Users and privileges
            • Overview
            • sys tenant
            • Oracle tenants
            • MySQL tenants
          • Oracle mode
            • Create a user
            • Set password complexity
            • Logon failure handling policies
            • View user privileges
            • Modify user privileges
            • Change the password of a user
            • Lock or unlock a user
            • Drop a user
            • Manage roles
              • Overview
              • Create a role
              • Assign a role to another role
              • Assign a role to a user
              • Specify valid or invalid roles for a user
              • View roles
              • Modify a role
              • Revoke a role
              • Drop a role
          • MySQL mode
            • Create a user
            • Set password complexity
            • Handle logon failures
            • View user privileges
            • Modify user privileges
            • Change the password of a user
            • Lock and unlock a user
            • Drop a user
        • Set and view the tenant allowlist
        • View the topology of a tenant
        • View the resource configurations of a tenant
        • Modify the resource configurations of a tenant
        • View the performance metrics of a tenant
        • View tenant sessions
        • Terminate a tenant session
        • Manage tenant parameters
          • Overview
          • Query tenant-level parameters
          • Modify tenant-level parameters
        • Manage tenant variables
      • Manage data storage
        • Minor compaction management
          • Overview
          • Automatically trigger a minor compaction
          • Manually initiate a minor compaction
          • View minor compaction information
          • Modify minor compaction settings
        • Major compaction management
          • Overview
          • Automatically trigger a major compaction
          • Configure scheduled major compactions
          • Manually initiate a major compaction
          • Manually control a major compaction
          • View major compaction information
            • View the major compaction process
            • View disk usage during a major compaction
          • Major compaction timeouts and errors
          • Modify major compaction settings
        • Data compression
          • Overview
          • Data encoding and compression
      • Manage memory
        • Overview
        • Memory structure
        • Set the maximum memory for an OceanBase database
        • Manage internal system memory
        • Manage internal tenant memory
        • Manage the memory of the plan cache
        • Query memory usage information
        • FAQ
      • Manage processes
        • Overview
        • Multi-tenant threads of OceanBase Database
        • FAQ about multi-tenant threads
        • Background threads of OceanBase Database
      • Manage logs
        • Log overview
        • Log generation levels
          • Log generation levels
          • Set a log generation level
        • Log file size and quantity management
          • Use the log file splitting feature
          • Control the number of log files
        • Query logs
          • Query the log of an SQL request
          • Query the log of a previous SQL request by using the SQL Trace feature
    • Database object management
      • Oracle mode
        • Manage tables
          • Overview
          • Create a table
          • Define column constraints
          • Query table definition
          • Modify a table
          • Empty a table
          • Drop a table
        • Manage table groups
          • Overview
          • Statements for table group management
        • Manage indexes
          • Overview
          • Create indexes
          • Query indexes
          • Drop an index
        • Manage views
        • Manage sequences
        • Manage synonyms
        • Manage triggers
          • Overview
          • Create a DML trigger
          • Create an INSTEAD OF trigger
          • Modify and drop a trigger
          • Disable or enable a trigger
          • Query trigger information
        • Manage directory objects
        • Manage DBLinks
      • MySQL mode
        • Manage databases
          • Create a database
          • View databases
          • Modify a database
          • Drop a database
        • Manage tables
          • Overview
          • Create a table
          • Define an auto-increment column
          • Define column constraints
          • Query table definition
          • Modify a table
          • Empty a table
          • Drop a table
        • Manage table groups
          • Overview
          • Statements for table group management
        • Manage indexes
          • Overview
          • Create indexes
          • Query indexes
          • Drop an index
        • Manage views
        • Manage sequences
        • Manage triggers
          • Overview
          • Create a DML trigger
          • Query trigger information
          • Drop a trigger
    • Distributed storage management
      • Overview of data distribution
      • Manage partitions
        • Oracle mode
          • Overview of partitions
          • Create a partitioned table
          • Manage a partitioned table
          • Create a subpartitioned table
          • Manage a subpartitioned table
          • Partition pruning
          • Query data in specified partitions
          • Create an index for a partitioned table
            • Overview of indexes
            • Local indexes
            • Global indexes
          • Create a partitioned table group
          • Add a partitioned table to a table group
          • Manage a partitioned table group
          • Create a subpartitioned table group
          • Add a subpartitioned table to a table group
          • Manage a subpartitioned table group
        • MySQL mode
          • Overview of partitions
          • Create a partitioned table
          • Manage a partitioned table
          • Create a subpartitioned table
          • Manage a subpartitioned table
          • Partition pruning
          • Query data in specified partitions
          • Create an index for a partitioned table
            • Overview of indexes
            • Local indexes
            • Global indexes
          • Create a partitioned table group
          • Add a partitioned table to a table group
          • Manage a partitioned table group
          • Create a subpartitioned table group
          • Add a subpartitioned table to a table group
          • Manage a subpartitioned table group
      • Manage replicas
        • Overview
        • Create a replica
        • Edit a tenant replica in a zone
        • Delete a tenant replica from a zone
      • Manage locality
        • Overview
        • Modify table locality
        • Modify tenant locality
      • Load balancing
        • Overview of load balancing
        • Manage automatic load balancing
        • Manually manage load balancing
          • Manually migrate and switch partition replicas
          • Set load balancing by using table groups
          • Set load balancing by primary zone
    • Performance tuning
      • Overview
      • Performance tools
        • System tools
          • General tool Top
          • CPU tools
          • Memory tools
          • Disk I/O tools
          • Network tools
        • Internal tables
          • gv$sysstat
          • gv$sql_audit
          • __all_virtual_trans_stat
        • Logs
          • slow trans
          • tenant dump
          • Slow queries
        • OCP
          • Monitoring and alerts
          • SQL diagnostics
          • Performance report
          • ASH report
          • Transaction diagnostics
          • Deadlock detection
      • System tuning
        • OS parameter tuning
        • Database parameter tuning
          • CPU parameters
          • I/O parameters
          • Memory-related parameters
          • Network transmission parameters
        • ODP parameter tuning
          • CPU parameters
          • Network transmission parameters
          • Route parameters on nodes
      • Business model tuning
        • Load balancing
        • SQL diagnostics
        • Distributed transactions
      • SQL tuning guide
        • Execution process of SQL queries
        • SQL execution plan
          • Introduction to SQL execution plans
          • Execution plan operators
            • TABLE SCAN
            • TABLE LOOKUP
            • JOIN
            • COUNT
            • GROUP BY
            • WINDOW FUNCTION
            • SUBPLAN FILTER
            • DISTINCT
            • SEQUENCE
            • MATERIAL
            • SORT
            • LIMIT
            • FOR UPDATE
            • SELECT INTO
            • SUBPLAN SCAN
            • UNION
            • INTERSECT
            • EXCEPT/MINUS
            • INSERT
            • DELETE
            • UPDATE
            • MERGE
            • EXCHANGE
            • GI
          • Plan cache
          • Fast parameterization
          • Real-time execution plan display
        • Distributed execution plan
          • Perform distributed execution and parallel queries
          • Generate a distributed plan
          • Schedule distributed execution plans
          • Manage distributed execution plans
          • Execute parallel queries
          • Perform parameter tuning for a parallel query
          • Parallel DML
        • SQL tuning
          • Overview
          • General procedure of SQL tuning
          • Monitor the SQL execution performance
            • gv$sql_audit
            • SQL Trace
            • Plan cache views
            • Examples of SQL performance analysis
              • Use SQL Audit to analyze wait events in a query
              • Analyze SQL queries that cause an abrupt RT jitter
              • View and analyze the shape of an execution plan
              • Analyze slow SQL queries
              • Query SQL traffic distribution and QPS
              • Check whether SQL queries are balanced across servers in a cluster
              • Find the TOP N SQL queries
              • Analyze whether an unusually large number of remote execution requests exist in the system or the execution of an SQL statement
              • Find full table scan SQL statements in a tenant
              • Find the TOP N queries with the longest execution time within a specified period
              • Analyze queries related to distributed plans
              • Check whether the RPC execution count of a distributed subplan is balanced across servers in a cluster
          • Optimizer statistics
            • Overview of statistics
            • Statistics collection methods
              • Overview
              • Histograms
              • Manual statistics collection
              • Automatic statistics collection
            • Statistics management
              • Overview
              • Deletion
              • Setting
              • Import and export
              • Locking and unlocking
              • History management
              • Statistics preference management
            • Examples
          • Query rewrite
            • Overview
            • Rule-based query rewrite
            • Cost-based query rewrite
          • Query optimization
            • Access path
              • Overview
              • Rule-based path selection
              • Cost-based path selection
            • Join algorithms
              • Overview
              • Join algorithms
              • Join order
          • Manage execution plans
            • Optimizer hints
            • Plan binding
            • SQL plan management
        • Glossary
        • General issues in SQL tuning
      • Performance diagnostics
        • Monitor and diagnose the cluster performance
        • Tenant performance diagnostics
        • Monitor ODP performance
        • Monitor host performance
      • Case analysis
      • Performance test (MySQL mode)
        • Sysbench OLTP
        • BenchMarkSQL
        • TPC-H
      • Performance test (Oracle mode)
        • BenchMarkSQL
        • TPC-H
    • Data high availability
      • Flashback
        • Objects supported by the recycle bin
        • Recycle bin for databases, tables, and indexes
        • Recycle bin for tenants
        • Flash back objects from the recycle bin
        • Restore point
        • Use a flashback query to query data of multiple versions
      • Manage physical backup and restore
        • Introduction to physical backup and restore
        • Deploy NFS
        • Data backup for a cluster
          • Perform a backup by using commands
            • Preparations for backup
            • Initiate a log backup
            • Initiate a data backup
          • Perform a backup for a cluster in OCP
          • Backup of a specified path for a tenant
          • Enable backup for clusters based on log splitting
          • Check the backup progress
          • Stop a backup
          • Automatically clear backup data for clusters
          • Manually clear backup data for clusters
          • Stop backup data clearing for clusters
        • Back up data backups
          • Overview
          • Perform a secondary backup for a cluster by using commands
            • Preparations for secondary backup
            • Initiate a secondary log backup
            • Initiate a secondary data backup
          • Perform a secondary backup for clusters in OCP
          • Perform a secondary backup for tenants
          • View the progress of secondary data backup tasks
          • Stop a secondary backup
          • Automatically clear secondary backup data for clusters
          • Manually clear secondary backup data
          • Stop clearing secondary backup data
        • Update access_id and access_key for OSS in the backup destination during backup
        • Verify data
          • Overview
          • Verify backup data in a cluster
          • Verify backup data in a specified path in a cluster
          • Verify backup data in a specified path across clusters
          • View data verification results
        • Restore data
          • Preparations for restore
          • Perform full restore
          • Restore a specified table
          • Restore secondary backup data
          • View the restore progress and results
          • Cancel restore
        • Routine maintenance
          • Query backup parameters
          • Force stop all backup-related tasks
          • Set backup_zone
      • Primary/Standby cluster management
        • Overview
        • Considerations and limitations
        • Deploy the primary and standby clusters
          • Configuration requirements
          • Deploy a primary cluster
          • Check the configurations of the primary cluster
          • Deploy standby clusters in OCP
        • Tenant management
        • Log transfer service
          • Overview
          • Set the log transfer parameter for a standby cluster
          • Configure log compression
        • Protection mode
          • Overview
          • Protection modes and protection levels
          • Switch to another protection mode
        • Role switching
          • Preparations for a switchover
          • Perform a switchover in a command-line tool
          • Perform a switchover in OCP
          • Perform a failover in a command-line tool
            • Preparations for a failover
            • Perform a lossless failover
            • Connect the original primary cluster after a lossless failover
            • Connect other standby clusters after a lossless failover
            • Perform a lossy failover
            • Restore other clusters after a lossy failover
            • Correct the data after a failover
          • Perform a failover in OCP
        • Standby cluster read service
        • Delete a standby cluster
        • Standby cluster disconnection
          • Preparations for disconnection
          • Disconnect a standby cluster
        • Troubleshooting
          • Failover errors
          • Switchover errors
          • Protection mode switching errors
          • Tenant creation for a standby cluster got stuck
          • Data synchronization enablement errors
          • Standby cluster disconnection errors
    • Database security
      • Data storage encryption
        • Overview
        • MySQL mode
          • Enable storage encryption for a new table
          • Enable storage encryption for an existing table
          • Decrypt a table
        • Oracle mode
          • Enable storage encryption for a new table
          • Enable storage encryption for an existing table
          • Decrypt a table
      • Data transmission encryption
        • Overview
        • Transmission encryption of OBServer nodes
        • Transmission encryption of ODPs
      • RPC connection authentication
      • Set row-level access control
      • Audit databases
        • Overview
        • Enable audit
        • Audit user logon operations
        • Audit user operations
        • Audit specified database objects
    • O&M management
      • O&M overview
        • Overview
        • Monitoring
          • View status monitoring information
          • View performance monitoring information
          • Perform SQL diagnostics
        • Alerts
          • Alert configuration
          • Manage alert subscriptions
          • Perform alert management
          • Manage alert items
      • Database upgrade
        • Overview
        • Perform an upgrade
        • Perform a major compaction
        • Check upgrade results
      • Scale-in and scale-out
        • Overview
        • Cluster-level scale-in and scale-out
          • Scale-out
            • Add zones to a cluster
            • Add OBServer nodes to zones
          • Scale-in
            • Delete zones from a cluster
            • Delete OBServer nodes from zones
        • Scale-in and scale-out of tenant resources
          • Modify unit_config
          • Modify UNIT_NUM
      • Resource isolation
        • cgroup-based resource isolation
          • Enable cgroups-based CPU isolation between tenant worker threads
          • Clear cgroup configurations
      • Routine inspections
        • Overview
        • Check the cluster status
        • Check cluster parameters
        • Check the host status
        • Check tenant resource usage
        • Check cluster resource usage
        • Check the OBServer node status
        • Check the NTP offset
        • Check data backup
        • Check the ODP connection status
      • Troubleshooting
        • Overview
        • Issue analysis
          • View alerts
          • View logs
          • View error codes
          • Query views
        • Troubleshoot OBServer node restart failures
        • Troubleshoot unexpected exit of an observer process
        • Troubleshoot bootstrap failures
        • Troubleshoot database connection issues
        • Troubleshoot clock synchronization issues
        • Troubleshoot the absence of a leader
        • Troubleshoot replica migration issues
        • Troubleshoot exhausted tenant MemStore memory
        • Tenant memory overrun
        • Troubleshoot major compaction exceptions
        • Overloaded OBServer nodes
        • Troubleshoot row lock contention
        • Troubleshoot transaction errors
      • Emergency response
        • Overview
        • Analysis, diagnosis, and decision-making process
        • Common emergency response
          • Exceptions caused by hardware
            • Node failures
            • Network jitter
            • ODP faults
            • Other exceptions related to hardware and network
          • Exceptions caused by capacity changes
            • Exceptions of SQL queries
            • High disk I/O on an OBServer node
            • Overloaded NIC on an OBServer node
            • Full occupation of tenant memory
            • Full usage of ODP threads
            • Full usage of OBServer clog disk
            • Full usage of the OBServer data disk
            • Accumulated request queue of a tenant
          • Other cluster exceptions
            • Blocked tenant minor compaction
            • Blocked cluster major compaction
            • sys tenant or RootService exceptions
            • Insufficiency or leakage of system memory
            • Slow query of the queuing table
    • System references
      • System parameters
        • Overview
        • Summary of system parameters
        • Cluster-level parameters
          • all_cluster_list
          • auto_broadcast_location_cache_rate_limit
          • auto_delete_expired_backup
          • auto_leader_switch_interval
          • auto_refresh_location_cache_rate_limit
          • autoinc_cache_refresh_interval
          • backup_backup_archive_log_batch_count
          • backup_backup_archivelog_retry_interval
          • backup_backup_dest
          • backup_backupset_batch_count
          • backup_backup_dest_option
          • backup_backupset_retry_interval
          • backup_concurrency
          • backup_dest
          • backup_dest_option
          • backup_log_archive_option
          • backup_net_limit
          • backup_recovery_window
          • backup_region
          • backup_zone
          • balance_blacklist_failure_threshold
          • balance_blacklist_retry_interval
          • balancer_emergency_percentage
          • balancer_idle_time
          • balancer_log_interval
          • balancer_task_timeout
          • balancer_timeout_check_interval
          • balancer_tolerance_percentage
          • bf_cache_miss_count_threshold
          • bf_cache_priority
          • builtin_db_data_verify_cycle
          • cache_wash_threshold
          • clog_cache_priority
          • clog_disk_usage_limit_percentage
          • clog_disk_utilization_threshold
          • clog_expire_days
          • clog_sync_time_warn_threshold
          • clog_transport_compress_all
          • clog_transport_compress_func
          • cluster
          • cluster_id
          • config_additional_dir
          • cpu_count
          • cpu_quota_concurrency
          • cpu_reserved
          • data_copy_concurrency
          • data_dir
          • data_disk_usage_limit_percentage
          • data_storage_error_tolerance_time
          • data_storage_warning_tolerance_time
          • datafile_disk_percentage
          • datafile_size
          • dead_socket_detection_timeout
          • debug_sync_timeout
          • default_compress
          • default_compress_func
          • default_row_format
          • default_transport_compress_func
          • devname
          • disk_io_thread_count
          • dtl_buffer_size
          • election_blacklist_interval
          • election_cpu_quota
          • enable_async_syslog
          • enable_auto_leader_switch
          • enable_auto_refresh_location_cache
          • enable_ddl
          • enable_election_group
          • enable_global_freeze_trigger
          • enable_log_archive
          • enable_major_freeze
          • enable_manual_merge
          • enable_merge_by_turn
          • enable_ob_ratelimit
          • enable_one_phase_commit
          • enable_perf_event
          • enable_pg
          • enable_rebalance
          • enable_record_trace_id
          • enable_record_trace_log
          • enable_rereplication
          • enable_rich_error_msg
          • enable_rootservice_standalone
          • enable_separate_sys_clog
          • enable_smooth_leader_switch
          • enable_sql_audit
          • enable_sql_operator_dump
          • enable_sys_unit_standalone
          • enable_syslog_recycle
          • enable_syslog_wf
          • enable_tcp_keepalive
          • enable_unit_balance_resource_weight
          • enable_upgrade_mode
          • fast_recovery_concurrency
          • flush_log_at_trx_commit
          • force_refresh_location_cache_interval
          • force_refresh_location_cache_threshold
          • freeze_trigger_percentage
          • fuse_row_cache_priority
          • gc_wait_archive
          • get_leader_candidate_rpc_timeout
          • global_index_build_single_replica_timeout
          • global_major_freeze_residual_memory
          • global_write_halt_residual_memory
          • high_priority_net_thread_count
          • ignore_replay_checksum_error
          • ignore_replica_checksum_error
          • ilog_index_expire_time
          • index_cache_priority
          • index_clog_cache_priority
          • index_info_block_cache_priority
          • internal_sql_execute_timeout
          • large_query_threshold
          • large_query_worker_percentage
          • leak_mod_to_check
          • lease_time
          • location_cache_cpu_quota
          • location_cache_expire_time
          • location_cache_priority
          • location_cache_refresh_min_interval
          • location_cache_refresh_rpc_timeout
          • location_cache_refresh_sql_timeout
          • location_fetch_concurrency
          • location_refresh_thread_count
          • log_archive_batch_buffer_limit
          • log_archive_checkpoint_interval
          • log_archive_concurrency
          • log_restore_concurrency
          • major_compact_trigger
          • major_freeze_duty_time
          • max_kept_major_version_number
          • max_px_worker_count
          • max_string_print_length
          • max_syslog_file_count
          • memory_chunk_cache_size
          • memory_limit
          • memory_limit_percentage
          • memory_reserved
          • memstore_limit_percentage
          • merge_stat_sampling_ratio
          • merge_thread_count
          • merger_check_interval
          • merger_completion_percentage
          • merger_switch_leader_duration_time
          • merger_warm_up_duration_time
          • micro_block_merge_verify_level
          • migrate_concurrency
          • migration_disable_time
          • min_observer_version
          • minor_compact_trigger
          • minor_deferred_gc_time
          • minor_freeze_times
          • minor_merge_concurrency
          • minor_warm_up_duration_time
          • multiblock_read_gap_size
          • multiblock_read_size
          • mysql_port
          • net_thread_count
          • ob_event_history_recycle_interval
          • ob_ratelimit_stat_period
          • obconfig_url
          • ofs_list
          • partition_table_check_interval
          • partition_table_scan_batch_count
          • plan_cache_evict_interval
          • plan_cache_high_watermark
          • plan_cache_low_watermark
          • px_task_size
          • px_workers_per_cpu_quota
          • rebuild_replica_data_lag_threshold
          • recyclebin_object_expire_time
          • replica_safe_remove_time
          • resource_hard_limit
          • resource_soft_limit
          • restore_concurrency
          • rootservice_async_task_queue_size
          • rootservice_async_task_thread_count
          • rootservice_list
          • rootservice_memory_limit
          • rootservice_ready_check_interval
          • row_compaction_update_limit
          • row_purge_thread_count
          • rpc_port
          • rpc_timeout
          • schema_history_expire_time
          • schema_history_recycle_interval
          • server_balance_cpu_mem_tolerance_percent
          • server_balance_critical_disk_waterlevel
          • server_balance_disk_tolerance_percent
          • server_check_interval
          • server_cpu_quota_max
          • server_cpu_quota_min
          • server_data_copy_in_concurrency
          • server_data_copy_out_concurrency
          • server_permanent_offline_time
          • server_temporary_offline_time
          • sql_audit_memory_limit
          • sql_audit_queue_size
          • ssl_client_authentication
          • ssl_external_kms_info
          • stack_size
          • switchover_process_thread_count
          • sys_bkgd_io_high_percentage
          • sys_bkgd_io_low_percentage
          • sys_bkgd_migration_change_member_list_timeout
          • sys_bkgd_migration_retry_num
          • sys_bkgd_net_percentage
          • sys_cpu_limit_trigger
          • syslog_io_bandwidth_limit
          • syslog_level
          • system_cpu_quota
          • system_memory
          • system_trace_level
          • tableapi_transport_compress_func
          • tablet_size
          • tcp_keepcnt
          • tcp_keepidle
          • tcp_keepintvl
          • tenant_cpu_variation_per_server
          • tenant_groups
          • tenant_task_queue_size
          • token_reserved_percentage
          • trace_log_sampling_interval
          • trace_log_slow_query_watermark
          • trx_2pc_retry_interval
          • trx_force_kill_threshold
          • trx_try_wait_lock_timeout
          • unit_balance_resource_weight
          • use_large_pages
          • user_block_cache_priority
          • user_iort_up_percentage
          • user_row_cache_priority
          • user_tab_col_stat_cache_priority
          • virtual_table_location_cache_expire_time
          • wait_leader_batch_count
          • weak_read_version_refresh_interval
          • workers_per_cpu_quota
          • zone
          • zone_merge_concurrency
          • zone_merge_order
          • zone_merge_timeout
          • ob_esi_rpc_port
          • enable_ob_esi_process
          • ob_esi_session_timeout
          • ob_esi_io_concurrency
          • ob_esi_memory_limit
          • ob_esi_syslog_level
          • ob_esi_max_syslog_file_count
          • sql_login_thread_count
          • diag_syslog_per_error_limit
          • enable_cgroup
          • rpc_client_authentication_method
          • rpc_server_authentication_method
          • max_trx_part_size
        • Tenant-level parameters
          • audit_sys_operations
          • audit_trail
          • clog_max_unconfirmed_log_count
          • clog_persistence_compress_func
          • connection_control_failed_connections_threshold
          • connection_control_min_connection_delay
          • connection_control_max_connection_delay
          • default_progressive_merge_num
          • enable_clog_persistence_compress
          • enable_early_lock_release
          • enable_monotonic_weak_read
          • external_kms_info
          • enable_sql_extension
          • job_queue_processes
          • max_stale_time_for_weak_consistency
          • ob_enable_batched_multi_statement
          • ob_proxy_readonly_transaction_routing_policy
          • ob_ssl_invited_common_names
          • open_cursors
          • plsql_ccflags
          • plsql_code_type
          • plsql_debug
          • plsql_optimize_level
          • plsql_v2_compatibility
          • plsql_warnings
          • sql_work_area
          • tde_method
          • writing_throttling_maximum_duration
          • writing_throttling_trigger_percentage
          • workarea_size_policy
          • ob_query_switch_leader_retry_timeout
      • System variables (MySQL mode)
        • Overview
        • System variable summary
        • auto_increment_cache_size
        • auto_increment_increment
        • auto_increment_offset
        • autocommit
        • binlog_row_image
        • block_encryption_mode
        • character_set_client
        • character_set_connection
        • character_set_database
        • character_set_filesystem
        • character_set_results
        • character_set_server
        • character_set_system
        • collation_connection
        • collation_database
        • collation_server
        • connect_timeout
        • datadir
        • debug_sync
        • default_password_lifetime
        • div_precision_increment
        • error_on_overlap_time
        • explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
        • foreign_key_checks
        • group_concat_max_len
        • identity
        • init_connect
        • interactive_timeout
        • is_result_accurate
        • last_insert_id
        • license
        • lower_case_table_names
        • max_allowed_packet
        • max_sp_recursion_depth
        • max_user_connections
        • net_buffer_length
        • net_read_timeout
        • net_write_timeout
        • nls_calendar
        • nls_characterset
        • nls_comp
        • nls_currency
        • nls_date_format
        • nls_date_language
        • nls_dual_currency
        • nls_iso_currency
        • nls_language
        • nls_length_semantics
        • nls_nchar_characterset
        • nls_nchar_conv_excp
        • nls_numeric_characters
        • nls_sort
        • nls_territory
        • nls_timestamp_format
        • nls_timestamp_tz_format
        • ob_bnl_join_cache_size
        • ob_capability_flag
        • ob_compatibility_mode
        • ob_create_table_strict_mode
        • ob_default_replica_num
        • ob_early_lock_release
        • ob_enable_aggregation_pushdown
        • ob_enable_blk_nestedloop_join
        • ob_enable_hash_group_by
        • ob_enable_index_direct_select
        • ob_enable_jit
        • ob_enable_plan_cache
        • ob_enable_sql_audit
        • ob_enable_trace_log
        • ob_enable_transformation
        • ob_enable_transmission_checksum
        • ob_enable_truncate_flashback
        • ob_global_debug_sync
        • ob_last_schema_version
        • ob_log_level
        • ob_max_parallel_degree
        • ob_org_cluster_id
        • ob_pl_block_timeout
        • ob_plan_cache_evict_high_percentage
        • ob_plan_cache_evict_low_percentage
        • ob_plan_cache_percentage
        • ob_proxy_global_variables_version
        • ob_proxy_partition_hit
        • ob_proxy_set_trx_executed
        • ob_query_timeout
        • ob_read_consistency
        • ob_reserved_meta_memory_percentage
        • ob_route_policy
        • ob_safe_weak_read_snapshot
        • ob_sql_audit_percentage
        • ob_sql_work_area_percentage
        • ob_stmt_parallel_degree
        • ob_tcp_invited_nodes
        • ob_temp_tablespace_size_percentage
        • ob_timestamp_service
        • ob_trace_info
        • ob_trx_idle_timeout
        • ob_trx_lock_timeout
        • ob_trx_timeout
        • optimizer_capture_sql_plan_baselines
        • optimizer_use_sql_plan_baselines
        • parallel_max_servers
        • parallel_servers_target
        • performance_schema
        • plugin_dir
        • query_cache_size
        • query_cache_type
        • read_only
        • recyclebin
        • resource_manager_plan
        • secure_file_priv
        • sql_auto_is_null
        • sql_mode
        • sql_quote_show_create
        • sql_safe_updates
        • sql_select_limit
        • sql_throttle_current_priority
        • sql_throttle_network
        • sql_throttle_priority
        • sql_throttle_rt
        • sql_warnings
        • system_time_zone
        • time_zone
        • timestamp
        • tracefile_identifier
        • transaction_isolation
        • transaction_read_only
        • tx_isolation
        • tx_read_only
        • undo_retention
        • version
        • version_comment
        • wait_timeout
        • validate_password_check_user_name
        • validate_password_length
        • validate_password_mixed_case_count
        • validate_password_number_count
        • validate_password_policy
        • validate_password_special_char_count
        • server_uuid
        • binlog_format
        • binlog_checksum
        • binlog_rows_query_log_events
        • log_bin
        • server_id
        • default_storage_engine
        • max_connections
        • event_scheduler
        • cte_max_recursion_depth
        • regexp_stack_limit
        • regexp_time_limit
      • System variables (Oracle mode)
        • Overview
        • System variable summary
        • auto_increment_cache_size
        • auto_increment_increment
        • auto_increment_offset
        • autocommit
        • binlog_row_image
        • block_encryption_mode
        • character_set_client
        • character_set_connection
        • character_set_database
        • character_set_filesystem
        • character_set_results
        • character_set_server
        • character_set_system
        • collation_connection
        • collation_database
        • collation_server
        • connect_timeout
        • datadir
        • debug_sync
        • default_password_lifetime
        • div_precision_increment
        • error_on_overlap_time
        • explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
        • foreign_key_checks
        • group_concat_max_len
        • identity
        • init_connect
        • interactive_timeout
        • is_result_accurate
        • last_insert_id
        • license
        • lower_case_table_names
        • max_allowed_packet
        • max_sp_recursion_depth
        • max_user_connections
        • net_buffer_length
        • net_read_timeout
        • net_write_timeout
        • nls_calendar
        • nls_characterset
        • nls_comp
        • nls_currency
        • nls_date_format
        • nls_date_language
        • nls_dual_currency
        • nls_iso_currency
        • nls_language
        • nls_length_semantics
        • nls_nchar_characterset
        • nls_nchar_conv_excp
        • nls_numeric_characters
        • nls_sort
        • nls_territory
        • nls_timestamp_format
        • nls_timestamp_tz_format
        • ob_bnl_join_cache_size
        • ob_capability_flag
        • ob_compatibility_mode
        • ob_create_table_strict_mode
        • ob_default_replica_num
        • ob_early_lock_release
        • ob_enable_aggregation_pushdown
        • ob_enable_blk_nestedloop_join
        • ob_enable_hash_group_by
        • ob_enable_index_direct_select
        • ob_enable_jit
        • ob_enable_plan_cache
        • ob_enable_sql_audit
        • ob_enable_trace_log
        • ob_enable_transformation
        • ob_enable_transmission_checksum
        • ob_enable_truncate_flashback
        • ob_global_debug_sync
        • ob_last_schema_version
        • ob_log_level
        • ob_max_parallel_degree
        • ob_org_cluster_id
        • ob_pl_block_timeout
        • ob_plan_cache_evict_high_percentage
        • ob_plan_cache_evict_low_percentage
        • ob_plan_cache_percentage
        • ob_proxy_global_variables_version
        • ob_proxy_partition_hit
        • ob_proxy_set_trx_executed
        • ob_query_timeout
        • ob_read_consistency
        • ob_reserved_meta_memory_percentage
        • ob_route_policy
        • ob_safe_weak_read_snapshot
        • ob_sql_audit_percentage
        • ob_sql_work_area_percentage
        • ob_stmt_parallel_degree
        • ob_tcp_invited_nodes
        • ob_temp_tablespace_size_percentage
        • ob_timestamp_service
        • ob_trace_info
        • ob_trx_idle_timeout
        • ob_trx_lock_timeout
        • ob_trx_timeout
        • optimizer_capture_sql_plan_baselines
        • optimizer_use_sql_plan_baselines
        • parallel_max_servers
        • parallel_servers_target
        • performance_schema
        • plugin_dir
        • query_cache_size
        • query_cache_type
        • read_only
        • recyclebin
        • resource_manager_plan
        • secure_file_priv
        • sql_auto_is_null
        • sql_quote_show_create
        • sql_select_limit
        • sql_throttle_current_priority
        • sql_throttle_network
        • sql_throttle_priority
        • sql_throttle_rt
        • sql_warnings
        • system_time_zone
        • sql_safe_updates
        • time_zone
        • timestamp
        • tracefile_identifier
        • transaction_isolation
        • transaction_read_only
        • tx_isolation
        • tx_read_only
        • undo_retention
        • version
        • version_comment
        • wait_timeout
        • validate_password_check_user_name
        • validate_password_length
        • validate_password_mixed_case_count
        • validate_password_number_count
        • validate_password_policy
        • validate_password_special_char_count
        • event_scheduler
      • System views (MySQL mode)
        • Overview
        • Dictionary views
          • Overview
          • mysql.help_topic
          • mysql.help_category
          • mysql.help_keyword
          • mysql.help_relation
          • mysql.db
          • mysql.proc
          • mysql.time_zone
          • mysql.time_zone_name
          • mysql.time_zone_transition
          • mysql.time_zone_transition_type
          • mysql.user
          • information_schema.CHARACTER_SETS
          • information_schema.CHECK_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.COLLATIONS
          • information_schema.COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY
          • information_schema.COLUMNS
          • information_schema.DBA_OUTLINES
          • information_schema.ENGINES
          • information_schema.GLOBAL_STATUS
          • information_schema.GLOBAL_VARIABLES
          • information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
          • information_schema.PARAMETERS
          • information_schema.PARTITIONS
          • information_schema.PROCESSLIST
          • information_schema.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.ROUTINES
          • information_schema.SCHEMATA
          • information_schema.SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.SESSION_STATUS
          • information_schema.SESSION_VARIABLES
          • information_schema.STATISTICS
          • information_schema.TABLES
          • information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.TABLE_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.USER_RECYCLEBIN
          • information_schema.VIEWS
          • information_schema.CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOB_DETAILS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_DETAILS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_EXPIRED
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_ARCHIVELOG_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_CLEAN_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASK_CLEAN_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_CKPT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATION_JOB
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATION_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TENANT_BACKUP_VALIDATION_TASK
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATION_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_BACKUP_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_BACKUPSET_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_BACKUPSET_TASK
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_BACKUPSET_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_BACKUPSET_JOB
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_OBSOLETE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_BACKUP_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_BACKUPPIECE_JOB
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_BACKUPPIECE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_BACKUPPIECE_TASK
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_BACKUPPIECE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • information_schema.ST_GEOMETRY_COLUMNS
          • information_schema.ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLANS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
        • Performance views
          • Overview
          • gv$plan_cache_stat
          • gv$plan_cache_plan_stat
          • gv$session_event
          • gv$session_wait
          • gv$session_wait_history
          • gv$system_event
          • gv$sesstat
          • gv$sysstat
          • gv$sql_audit
          • gv$latch
          • gv$memory
          • gv$memstore
          • gv$memstore_info
          • gv$plan_cache_plan_explain
          • gv$obrpc_outgoing
          • gv$obrpc_incoming
          • gv$sql
          • gv$sql_plan_monitor
          • gv$outline
          • gv$concurrent_limit_sql
          • gv$sql_plan_statistics
          • gv$server_memstore
          • gv$unit_load_balance_event_history
          • gv$tenant
          • gv$database
          • gv$table
          • gv$unit
          • gv$partition
          • gv$lock_wait_stat
          • gv$session_longops
          • gv$tenant_memstore_allocator_info
          • gv$minor_merge_info
          • gv$tenant_px_worker_stat
          • gv$partition_audit
          • gv$ps_stat
          • gv$ps_item_info
          • gv$sql_workarea
          • gv$sql_workarea_histogram
          • gv$ob_sql_workarea_memory_info
          • gv$server_schema_info
          • gv$merge_info
          • gv$lock
          • gv$sstable
          • gv$ob_trans_table_status
          • gv$tenant_memory_info
          • v$statname
          • v$event_name
          • v$session_event
          • v$session_wait
          • v$session_wait_history
          • v$sesstat
          • v$sysstat
          • v$system_event
          • v$memory
          • v$memstore
          • v$memstore_info
          • v$plan_cache_stat
          • v$plan_cache_plan_stat
          • v$plan_cache_plan_explain
          • v$sql_audit
          • v$obrpc_outgoing
          • v$obrpc_incoming
          • v$sql
          • v$sql_plan_monitor
          • v$sql_plan_statistics
          • v$unit
          • v$partition
          • v$lock_wait_stat
          • v$session_longops
          • v$latch
          • v$tenant_memstore_allocator_info
          • v$tenant_px_worker_stat
          • v$partition_audit
          • v$ob_cluster
          • v$ob_standby_status
          • v$ob_cluster_stats
          • v$ob_cluster_event_history
          • v$ps_stat
          • v$ps_item_info
          • v$sql_workarea
          • v$sql_workarea_active
          • v$sql_workarea_histogram
          • v$ob_sql_workarea_memory_info
          • v$ob_timestamp_service
          • v$server_schema_info
          • v$merge_info
          • v$lock
          • v$sql_monitor_statname
          • v$restore_point
          • v$ob_cluster_failover_info
          • v$encrypted_tables
          • v$encrypted_tablespaces
          • v$sstable
          • v$ob_trans_table_status
          • v$ob_all_clusters
          • v$tenant_memory_info
          • GV$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$RSRC_PLAN
      • System views (Oracle mode)
        • Overview
        • Dictionary views
          • Overview
          • ALL_ALL_TABLES
          • ALL_ARGUMENTS
          • ALL_COL_COMMENTS
          • ALL_COLL_TYPES
          • ALL_COL_PRIVS
          • ALL_CONSTRAINTS
          • ALL_CONS_COLUMNS
          • ALL_DEF_AUDIT_OPTS
          • ALL_DEPENDENCIES
          • ALL_DIRECTORIES
          • ALL_ERRORS
          • ALL_INDEXES
          • ALL_IND_COLUMNS
          • ALL_IND_EXPRESSIONS
          • ALL_IND_PARTITIONS
          • ALL_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • ALL_METHOD_PARAMS
          • ALL_OBJECTS
          • ALL_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • ALL_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • ALL_PART_INDEXES
          • ALL_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • ALL_PART_TABLES
          • ALL_PROCEDURES
          • ALL_PROFILES
          • ALL_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
          • ALL_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
          • ALL_SEQUENCES
          • ALL_SOURCE
          • ALL_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • ALL_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • ALL_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • ALL_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • ALL_SYNONYMS
          • ALL_TABLES
          • ALL_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • ALL_TAB_COLS
          • ALL_TAB_COLUMNS
          • ALL_TAB_COMMENTS
          • ALL_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • ALL_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • ALL_TAB_PRIVS
          • ALL_TAB_STATISTICS
          • ALL_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • ALL_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • ALL_TRIGGERS
          • ALL_TYPES
          • ALL_TYPE_ATTRS
          • ALL_TYPE_METHODS
          • ALL_USERS
          • ALL_VIEWS
          • AUDIT_ACTIONS
          • DBA_ALL_TABLES
          • DBA_ARGUMENTS
          • DBA_AUDIT_EXISTS
          • DBA_AUDIT_OBJECT
          • DBA_AUDIT_SESSION
          • DBA_AUDIT_STATEMENT
          • DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL
          • DBA_COLL_TYPES
          • DBA_COL_COMMENTS
          • DBA_COL_PRIVS
          • DBA_CONSTRAINTS
          • DBA_CONS_COLUMNS
          • DBA_ERRORS
          • DBA_INDEXES
          • DBA_IND_COLUMNS
          • DBA_IND_EXPRESSIONS
          • DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
          • DBA_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • DBA_METHOD_PARAMS
          • DBA_OBJECTS
          • DBA_OBJ_AUDIT_OPTS
          • DBA_PART_INDEXES
          • DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • DBA_PART_TABLES
          • DBA_PROCEDURES
          • DBA_PROFILES
          • DBA_ROLES
          • DBA_ROLE_PRIVS
          • DBA_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
          • DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS
          • DBA_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM
          • DBA_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
          • DBA_SEGMENTS
          • DBA_SEQUENCES
          • DBA_SOURCE
          • DBA_STMT_AUDIT_OPTS
          • DBA_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • DBA_SYNONYMS
          • DBA_SYS_PRIVS
          • DBA_TABLES
          • DBA_TABLESPACES
          • DBA_TAB_COLS
          • DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
          • DBA_TAB_COMMENTS
          • DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • DBA_TAB_PRIVS
          • DBA_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • DBA_TRIGGERS
          • DBA_TYPES
          • DBA_TYPE_ATTRS
          • DBA_TYPE_METHODS
          • DBA_USERS
          • DBA_VIEWS
          • DBA_JOBS_RUNNING
          • DBA_JOBS
          • DBA_RECYCLEBIN
          • DBA_DEPENDENCIES
          • DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
          • DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
          • DBA_RSRC_PLANS
          • DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
          • DBA_DIRECTORIES
          • DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • DBA_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • DBA_TAB_STATISTICS
          • DICT
          • DICTIONARY
          • NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
          • NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
          • NLS_SESSION_PARAMETERS
          • ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
          • ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
          • ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
          • STMT_AUDIT_OPTION_MAP
          • TENANT_VIRTUAL_GLOBAL_VARIABLE
          • TENANT_VIRTUAL_SESSION_VARIABLE
          • USER_ALL_TABLES
          • USER_ARGUMENTS
          • USER_AUDIT_OBJECT
          • USER_AUDIT_SESSION
          • USER_AUDIT_STATEMENT
          • USER_AUDIT_TRAIL
          • USER_COLL_TYPES
          • USER_COL_COMMENTS
          • USER_COL_PRIVS
          • USER_CONSTRAINTS
          • USER_CONS_COLUMNS
          • USER_ERRORS
          • USER_INDEXES
          • USER_IND_COLUMNS
          • USER_IND_EXPRESSIONS
          • USER_IND_PARTITIONS
          • USER_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • USER_OBJECTS
          • USER_PART_INDEXES
          • USER_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • USER_PART_TABLES
          • USER_PROCEDURES
          • USER_PROFILES
          • USER_ROLE_PRIVS
          • USER_SEGMENTS
          • USER_SEQUENCES
          • USER_SOURCE
          • USER_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • USER_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • USER_SYNONYMS
          • USER_SYS_PRIVS
          • USER_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • USER_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • USER_TRIGGERS
          • USER_TABLES
          • USER_TABLESPACES
          • USER_TAB_COLS
          • USER_TAB_COLUMNS
          • USER_TAB_COMMENTS
          • USER_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • USER_TAB_PRIVS
          • USER_TYPES
          • USER_TYPE_ATTRS
          • USER_TYPE_METHODS
          • USER_JOBS
          • USER_VIEWS
          • USER_RECYCLEBIN
          • USER_DEPENDENCIES
          • USER_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • USER_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • USER_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • USER_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • USER_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • USER_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • USER_TAB_STATISTICS
          • DBA_CONTEXT
        • Performance views
          • Overview
          • GV$CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL
          • GV$DBLINK
          • GV$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
          • GV$INSTANCE
          • GV$LOCK
          • GV$MEMORY
          • GV$MEMSTORE
          • GV$MEMSTORE_INFO
          • GV$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • GV$OPEN_CURSOR
          • GV$OUTLINE
          • GV$PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • GV$PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • GV$PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • GV$PS_ITEM_INFO
          • GV$PS_STAT
          • GV$SERVER_MEMSTORE
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • GV$SESSTAT
          • GV$SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • GV$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • GV$SSTABLE
          • GV$TENANT_MEMORY_INFO
          • V$DBLINK
          • V$ENCRYPTED_TABLES
          • V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES
          • V$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
          • V$INSTANCE
          • V$LOCK
          • V$MEMORY
          • V$MEMSTORE
          • V$MEMSTORE_INFO
          • V$NLS_PARAMETERS
          • V$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • V$OPEN_CURSOR
          • V$PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • V$PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • V$PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • V$PS_ITEM_INFO
          • V$PS_STAT
          • V$RESTORE_POINT
          • V$RSRC_PLAN
          • V$SESSION_WAIT
          • V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • V$SESSTAT
          • V$SQL_AUDIT
          • V$SQL_MONITOR_STATNAME
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • V$SSTABLE
          • V$SYSSTAT
          • V$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • V$TIMEZONE_NAMES
          • V$TENANT_MEMORY_INFO
          • V$VERSION
          • GV$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$GLOBALCONTEXT
      • Error codes (MySQL mode)
        • Overview
        • 0001 to 3999
        • 4000 to 4499
        • 4500 to 4999
        • 5000 to 5999
        • 6000 to 6999
        • 7000 to 7999
        • 8000 to 8999
        • 9000 to 9499
        • 9500 to 9999
        • 22998, 30926, 38104, and 38105
      • Error codes (Oracle mode)
        • Overview
        • ORA-00000 to ORA-00999
        • ORA-01000 to ORA-01499
        • ORA-01500 to ORA-01999
        • ORA-02000 to ORA-04999
        • ORA-05000 to ORA-10000
        • ORA-10000 to ORA-19999
        • ORA-20000 to ORA-29999
        • ORA-30000 to ORA-49999
        • ORA-50000 to ORA-99999
        • PLS-00000 to PLS-00999
      • Reserved keywords (MySQL mode)
      • Reserved keywords (Oracle mode)
  • Develop
    • Developer guide (MySQL mode)
      • Connect to OceanBase Database
        • Overview
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using a MySQL client
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
      • Application development
        • Java
          • Java APIs
          • Connect Java applications to OceanBase Database
        • Python applications
        • Connect C applications to OceanBase Database
      • Create and manage database objects
        • About DDL statements
        • View the currently connected database
        • Change the password of a user
        • Data type
          • Common data types
          • Unsupported data types
        • Create database objects by using ODC
          • Create a table in ODC
          • Create a view in ODC
          • Create a function in ODC
          • Create a stored procedure in ODC
        • Create and manage tables
          • About tables
          • Create a table
          • About auto-increment columns
          • About types of column constraints
          • About table structure modification
          • About table clearing
          • About table dropping
          • Flash back a dropped table
          • About table privileges
        • Create and manage partition tables
          • About partitioned tables
          • Create a partitioned table
          • Manage a partitioned table
          • Create a subpartitioned table
          • Manage a subpartitioned table
          • Partition routing
          • Indexes on partitioned tables
          • Suggestions on using partitioned tables
        • Create and manage indexes
          • Overview
          • Create an index
          • Drop an index
        • Create and manage table groups
          • Overview
          • Create table groups
            • Create a non-partitioned table group
            • Create a subpartitioned table group
          • Specify a table group when creating a table
          • View information about a table group
          • Add a table to a table group
          • Drop a table group
        • Create and manage views
          • About views
          • Create a view
          • Modify a view
          • Drop a view
        • Create and manage sequences
          • About sequences
          • Create a sequence
          • Modify a sequence
          • Drop a sequence
        • Create and manage triggers
          • About triggers
          • Create a trigger
          • Drop a trigger
      • Query
        • Overview of queries
        • Run queries in ODC
        • Single-table queries
        • WHERE queries
        • ORDER BY queries
        • GROUP BY queries
        • Use the LIMIT clause in queries
        • Multi-table join queries
          • Multi-table join queries
          • INNER JOIN queries
          • OUTER JOIN queries
          • Subqueries
        • Use operators and functions in a query
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use numerical functions in queries
          • Use string concatenation functions in queries
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use date and time functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use the CASE conditional operator in queries
          • Use the SELECT FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
        • Execution plan
          • View an execution plan
          • Understand an execution plan
        • Use SQL hints in queries
        • Variables of query timeout
      • DML statements and transactions
        • DML statements
          • About DML statements
          • About the INSERT statement
          • UPDATE statements
          • About the DELETE statement
          • About the REPLACE INTO statement
        • Transactions
          • About transaction control statements
          • Start a transaction
          • Transaction savepoints
          • Commit a transaction
          • Roll back a transaction
          • About transaction timeout
    • Developer guide (Oracle mode)
      • Connect to OceanBase Database
        • Overview
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
      • Application development
        • Java
          • OceanBase Connector/J
          • Java APIs
          • Connect Java applications to OceanBase Database
        • Python
          • OceanBase Connector/J in Python
          • Python APIs
          • Connect Python applications to OceanBase Database
        • C
          • OBCI
          • OBCI APIs
          • Connect C applications to OceanBase Database
      • Create and manage database objects
        • DDL statements
        • View the currently connected database
        • Change the password of a user
        • Create database objects by Using ODC
          • Create tables, views, functions, and stored procedures in ODC
          • Create a trigger in ODC
          • Create a sequence in ODC
          • Create a program package in ODC
          • Create a synonym in ODC
          • Create a type in ODC
        • Data type
          • Data types
          • Unsupported data types
        • Create and manage tables
          • Overview
          • Create a table
          • Define an auto-increment column by using the SEQUENCE keyword
          • Types of column constraints
          • Modify the structure of a table
          • Clear a table
          • Drop a table
          • Flash back a dropped table
          • Table privileges
        • Create and manage partition tables
          • Overview
          • Create a partitioned table
          • Manage a partitioned table
          • Create a subpartitioned table
          • Manage a subpartitioned table
          • Partition routing
          • Indexing on partitioned tables
          • Recommendations for using partitioned tables
        • Create and manage indexes
          • Drop an index
          • Overview
          • Create an index
        • Create and manage table groups
          • Overview
          • Create table groups
            • Create a non-partitioned table group
            • Create a subpartitioned table group
          • Specify a table group when creating a table
          • View information about a table group
          • Add a table to a table group
          • Drop a table group
        • Create and manage views
          • About views
          • Create a view
          • Modify a view
          • Drop a view
        • Create and manage sequences
          • Overview
          • Create a sequence
          • Modify a sequence
          • Drop a sequence
        • Create and manage synonyms
          • Overview
          • Create a synonym
          • Drop a synonym
        • Create and manage triggers
          • Overview
          • Create a trigger
          • Modify a trigger
          • Drop a trigger
          • Enable or disable a trigger
      • Query
        • About queries
        • Run queries in ODC
        • Single-table queries
        • Conditional queries
        • ORDER BY queries
        • GROUP BY queries
        • Use Row_Limiting_Clause in queries
        • Multi-table join queries
          • Multi-table join queries
          • INNER JOIN queries
          • OUTER JOIN queries
          • Subqueries
        • Use operators and functions in a query
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use numerical functions in queries
          • Use string connectors in queries
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use datetime functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use CASE functions in queries
          • Use the SELECT FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
        • Execution plan
          • View execution plans of queries
          • Understand execution plans
        • Use SQL hints in queries
        • About query timeout variables
      • DML statements and transactions
        • DML statements
          • About DML statements
          • About the INSERT statement
          • About the UPDATE statement
          • About the MERGE statement
          • About the DELETE statement
        • Transactions
          • About transaction control statements
          • Start a transaction
          • Transaction savepoints
          • Commit a transaction
          • Roll back a transaction
          • About transaction timeout
    • Data migration
      • About data migration and synchronization
      • Migrate data by using OMS
      • Export and import data by using ODC
        • Overview
        • Export and import file formats
        • Batch export and import
        • Single table export and import
      • Migrate data by using SQL scripts
        • Common SQL scripts for data migration
        • Export data by using OUTFILE statements
        • Export data by using the LOAD DATA statement
      • Migrate data by using mysqldump
      • Migrate data by using OBLOADER & OBDUMPER
        • Import data by using OBLOADER
        • Export data by using OBDUMPER
      • Migrate data by using DataX
        • DataX
        • Examples of using DataX in OceanBase Database
    • Design conventions and constraints
      • Object naming conventions
        • Overview
        • Tenant naming conventions
        • User naming conventions
        • Table naming conventions
        • Field naming conventions
        • Other naming conventions
      • Object structure conventions
        • Field design
        • Table structure design
        • Partitioned table design
        • Index design
        • Other structural designs
      • Character set specifications
      • Database connection specifications
      • Best practices for database design
        • Configuration example (database connection pool)
          • Overview of database connection pool configuration
          • Example of configuring a Tomcat connection pool
          • Example of configuring a C3P0 connection pool
          • Example of configuring a Proxool connection pool
          • Example of configuring a HiKariCP connection pool
          • Example of configuring a DBCP connection pool
          • CommonPool configuration example
          • Example of configuring a JDBC connection pool
        • Development framework connection example
          • SpringBoot connection example
          • SpringBatch connection example
          • SpringJDBC connection example
          • SpringJPA connection example
          • Hibernate connection example
          • MyBatis connection example
        • Use of table comments
        • ORM conventions
        • Exception handling
    • SQL syntax
      • System tenant
        • Overview
        • ALTER SYSTEM
          • BACKUP
          • BALANCE TASK
          • BOOTSTRAP
          • CANCEL MIGRATE UNIT
          • CHANGE TENANT
          • CLUSTER
          • CONVERT
          • DELETE BACKUPSET
          • DELETE OBSOLETE BACKUP
          • FAILOVER
          • FLUSH PLAN CACHE
          • JOB
          • MERGE
          • MIGRATE UNIT
          • PARAMETER
          • REFRESH
          • REPLICA
          • RESTORE
          • ROOTSERVICE
          • SERVER
          • SET STANDBY CLUSTER
          • SWITCHOVER
          • THROTTLE
          • UPGRADE
          • VALIDATE
          • ZONE
        • ALTER RESOURCE POOL
        • ALTER RESOURCE UNIT
        • ALTER TENANT
        • CREATE RESOURCE POOL
        • CREATE RESOURCE UNIT
        • CREATE TENANT
        • DROP RESOURCE POOL
        • DROP RESOURCE UNIT
        • DROP TENANT
        • SET DECRYPTION
        • SET ENCRYPTION
      • User tenants (MySQL mode)
        • Elements
          • Data type
            • Overview
            • Numeric data types
              • Overview
              • Integer data types
              • Fixed-point data types
              • Floating-point data types
              • Bit value data type
            • Date and time data types
              • Overview
              • DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP types
              • TIME type
              • YEAR type
            • Character data types
              • Overview
              • CHAR and VARCHAR
              • BINARY and VARBINARY
            • BLOB and TEXT data types
              • Overview
              • BLOB types
              • TEXT types
            • ENUM data type
            • SET data type
            • JSON data types
              • Overview
              • Create a JSON value
              • Query and modify JSON values
              • Convert a JSON data type
            • Spatial data types
              • Overview
              • SRS
              • Create a spatial column
              • Create a spatial index
              • Spatial data formats
          • Expressions
            • Overview
            • Expression syntax
            • Convert data types in expression evaluation
          • Character sets and collations
            • Overview
            • Character sets
            • Collations
            • Database-level character sets and collations
            • Table-level character sets and collations
            • Column-level character sets and collations
            • Character sets and collations for character expressions
            • Character sets and collations for client connection
          • Literals
            • Overview
            • Strings
            • Numbers
            • Datetime values
            • Bit values
            • Boolean values
            • NULLs
          • Schema object names
          • User-defined variables
          • Comments
        • Operators
          • Overview
          • Operator precedence
          • Arithmetic operators
          • Bitwise operators
          • Comparison operators
          • Logical operators
          • Assignment operators
          • Date and time operators
          • Concatenation operators
          • BINARY operator
          • CASE conditional operator
        • Sequence pseudocolumns
        • Functions
          • Overview
          • Single-row functions
            • Date and time functions
              • ADDDATE
              • CONVERT_TZ
              • CURDATE
              • CURRENT_DATE
              • CURRENT_TIME
              • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
              • CURTIME
              • DATE
              • DATE_ADD
              • DATE_FORMAT
              • DATE_SUB
              • DATEDIFF
              • DAYOFMONTH
              • DAYOFWEEK
              • DAYOFYEAR
              • EXTRACT
              • FROM_DAYS
              • FROM_UNIXTIME
              • GET_FORMAT
              • HOUR
              • LAST_DAY
              • LOCALTIME
              • LOCALTIMESTAMP
              • MAKEDATE
              • MAKETIME
              • MICROSECOND
              • MINUTE
              • MONTH
              • MONTHNAME
              • NOW
              • PERIOD_ADD
              • PERIOD_DIFF
              • QUARTER
              • SEC_TO_TIME
              • SECOND
              • STR_TO_DATE
              • SUBDATE
              • SUBTIME
              • SYSDATE
              • TIME
              • TIME_FORMAT
              • TIME_TO_SEC
              • TIME_TO_USEC
              • TIMEDIFF
              • TIMESTAMP
              • TIMESTAMPADD
              • TIMESTAMPDIFF
              • TO_DAYS
              • TO_SECONDS
              • UNIX_TIMESTAMP
              • USEC_TO_TIME
              • UTC_DATE
              • UTC_TIME
              • UTC_TIMESTAMP
              • WEEK
              • WEEKDAY
              • WEEKOFYEAR
              • YEARWEEK
              • YEAR
              • DAY
            • String functions
              • ASCII
              • BIN
              • BIT_LENGTH
              • CHAR
              • CHAR_LENGTH
              • CONCAT
              • CONCAT_WS
              • EXPORT_SET
              • ELT
              • FIELD
              • FIND_IN_SET
              • FORMAT
              • HEX
              • INSERT
              • INSTR
              • INT2IP
              • IP2INT
              • LCASE
              • LEFT
              • LENGTH
              • LOCATE
              • LOWER
              • LPAD
              • LTRIM
              • MAKE_SET
              • MID
              • OCT
              • ORD
              • POSITION
              • QUOTE
              • REGEXP
              • REGEXP_INSTR
              • REGEXP_LIKE
              • REGEXP_REPLACE
              • REGEXP_SUBSTR
              • REPEAT
              • REPLACE
              • REVERSE
              • RIGHT
              • RLIKE
              • RPAD
              • RTRIM
              • SPACE
              • STRCMP
              • SUBSTR
              • SUBSTRING
              • SUBSTRING_INDEX
              • TRIM
              • UCASE
              • UNHEX
              • UPPER
              • WEIGHT_STRING
              • TO_BASE64
              • FROM_BASE64
            • Conversion functions
              • CAST
              • CONVERT
            • Mathematical functions
              • ABS
              • ACOS
              • ASIN
              • ATAN
              • ATAN2
              • BIT_COUNT
              • CEIL
              • CEILING
              • CONV
              • COS
              • COT
              • CRC32
              • DEGREES
              • EXP
              • FLOOR
              • LN
              • LOG
              • LOG10
              • LOG2
              • MOD
              • NEG
              • PI
              • POW
              • POWER
              • RADIANS
              • RAND
              • ROUND
              • SIGN
              • SIN
              • SQRT
              • TAN
              • TRUNCATE
            • Comparison functions
              • GREATEST
              • INTERVAL
              • ISNULL
              • LEAST
            • Process control functions
              • IF
              • IFNULL
              • NULLIF
              • ORA_DECODE
          • Aggregate functions
            • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
            • AVG
            • BIT_AND
            • BIT_OR
            • BIT_XOR
            • COUNT
            • GROUP_CONCAT
            • GROUPING
            • MAX
            • MIN
            • STD
            • STDDEV
            • STDDEV_POP
            • STDDEV_SAMP
            • SUM
            • VAR_POP
            • VAR_SAMP
            • VARIANCE
          • Analytic functions
            • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
            • AVG
            • COUNT
            • CUME_DIST
            • DENSE_RANK
            • FIRST_VALUE
            • LAG
            • LAST_VALUE
            • LEAD
            • MAX
            • MIN
            • NTH_VALUE
            • NTILE
            • PERCENT_RANK
            • RANK
            • ROW_NUMBER
            • STD
            • STDDEV
            • STDDEV_POP
            • STDDEV_SAMP
            • SUM
            • VAR_POP
            • VAR_SAMP
            • VARIANCE
          • Encryption functions
            • AES_DECRYPT
            • AES_ENCRYPT
            • MD5
          • Information functions
            • BENCHMARK
            • CHARSET
            • COERCIBILITY
            • COLLATION
            • CONNECTION_ID
            • CURRENT_USER
            • DATABASE
            • FOUND_ROWS
            • LAST_INSERT_ID
            • SCHEMA
            • ROW_COUNT
            • SESSION_USER
            • SYSTEM_USER
            • USER
            • VERSION
            • OB_VERSION
          • JSON functions
            • Functions that create JSON values
              • JSON_ARRAY
              • JSON_OBJECT
              • JSON_QUOTE
            • Functions that search JSON values
              • JSON_CONTAINS
              • JSON_CONTAINS_PATH
              • JSON_EXTRACT
              • JSON_KEYS
              • JSON_OVERLAPS
              • JSON_SEARCH
              • JSON_VALUE
              • MEMBER OF
            • Functions that modify JSON values
              • JSON_ARRAY_APPEND
              • JSON_ARRAY_INSERT
              • JSON_INSERT
              • JSON_MERGE
              • JSON_MERGE_PATCH
              • JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE
              • JSON_REMOVE
              • JSON_REPLACE
              • JSON_SET
              • JSON_UNQUOTE
            • Functions that return JSON text attributes
              • JSON_DEPTH
              • JSON_LENGTH
              • JSON_TYPE
              • JSON_VALID
            • JSON utility functions
              • JSON_PRETTY
              • JSON_STORAGE_SIZE
            • JSON aggregate functions
              • JSON_ARRAYAGG
              • JSON_OBJECTAGG
          • Other functions
            • ANY_VALUE
            • COALESCE
            • DEFAULT
            • INET_ATON
            • INET_NTOA
            • INET6_ATON
            • INET6_NTOA
            • IS_IPV4
            • IS_IPV4_COMPAT
            • IS_IPV4_MAPPED
            • IS_IPV6
            • NVL
            • SLEEP
            • UUID
            • UUID_SHORT
            • VALUES
          • Spatial functions
            • Create a geometric function
            • Spatial operation functions
            • Spatial relation functions
            • Geometry property functions
            • Geometric format conversion functions
        • Queries and subqueries
          • Overview
          • Subqueries
          • JOIN
        • SQL statements
          • General syntax
          • CTE
          • ALTER DATABASE
          • ALTER OUTLINE
          • ALTER SEQUENCE
          • ALTER TABLE
          • ALTER TABLEGROUP
          • ALTER USER
          • ALTER VIEW
          • ANALYZE
          • CREATE DATABASE
          • CREATE INDEX
          • CREATE OUTLINE
          • CREATE RESTORE POINT
          • CREATE SEQUENCE
          • CREATE TABLE
          • CREATE TABLEGROUP
          • CREATE USER
          • CREATE VIEW
          • DEALLOCATE PREPARE
          • DELETE
          • DESCRIBE
          • DROP DATABASE
          • DROP INDEX
          • DROP OUTLINE
          • DROP RESTORE POINT
          • DROP TABLE
          • DROP TABLEGROUP
          • DROP SEQUENCE
          • DROP USER
          • DROP VIEW
          • EXECUTE
          • EXPLAIN
          • FLASHBACK
          • GRANT
          • HELP
          • INSERT
          • KILL
          • LOAD DATA
          • OPTIMIZE
          • PREPARE
          • PURGE
          • PURGE RECYCLEBIN
          • RENAME TABLE
          • RENAME USER
          • REPLACE
          • REVOKE
          • SAVEPOINT
          • SCHEMA
          • SELECT
            • SELECT
            • JOIN clause
            • OVER clause
            • UNION clause
          • SELECT INTO
          • SET
          • SET CHARSET
          • SET NAMES
          • SET PASSWORD
          • SET TRANSACTION
          • SHOW
          • TRANSACTION
          • TRUNCATE TABLE
          • UPDATE
          • USE
      • User tenants (Oracles mode)
        • SQL overview
        • Pseudocolumns
          • Overview
          • Hierarchical query pseudocolumns
          • Sequence pseudocolumns
          • ORA_ROWSCN pseudocolumn
          • ROWNUM pseudocolumn
          • ROWID pseudocolumn
        • Elements
          • Built-in data types
            • Overview of built-in data types
            • Character data types
              • Overview of character data types
              • CHAR data type
              • NCHAR data type
              • NVARCHAR2 data type
              • VARCHAR2 data type
              • VARCHAR data type
            • Numeric data types
              • Overview
              • NUMBER data type
              • FLOAT data type
              • Floating-point numbers
              • Precedence of numeric data types
            • Date, time, and interval data types
              • Overview of datetime and interval data types
              • DATE data type
              • TIMESTAMP data type
              • TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE date type
              • TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE data type
              • INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH data type
              • INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND data type
              • Calculation of dates, timestamps, and intervals
            • RAW data type
            • Large object data types
              • Overview
              • BLOB data type
              • CLOB data type
            • Rowid data types
            • User-defined data types
          • Comparison rules of data types
            • Overview
            • Numeric value comparison rules
            • Date value comparison rules
            • Character value comparison rules
            • Data type precedence
            • Data type conversion rules
            • Security considerations for data conversion
          • Literals
            • Overview
            • Text literals
            • Numeric literals
            • Datetime literals
              • Date literals
              • Timestamp literals
            • Interval literals
          • Format models
            • Overview
            • Number format models
            • Datetime format models
            • RR datetime format element
            • String-to-date conversion rules
          • Null values
            • Overview of nulls
            • Nulls in SQL functions
            • Nulls in comparison conditions
            • Nulls in conditional expressions
          • Comments
            • Overview
            • Comments within SQL statements
            • Comments on schema and nonschema objects
            • Hint
              • Overview of hints
              • Lists of hints
                • Hints related to access path
                • Hints related to join orders
                • Hints related to joins
                • Hints related to parallel execution
                • Hints related to query strategy
                • Hints related to query conversion
                • Other hints
          • Database objects
            • Schema objects
            • Non-schema objects
          • Database naming conventions
            • Overview
            • Database object names and qualifiers
            • Suggestions on schema object names
          • Methods of referencing database objects
            • Overview
            • Reference schema objects
            • Reference objects in a remote database
              • Create database links
              • Reference database links
            • Reference partition tables and indexes
            • Reference an attribute or method of an object type
        • Operators
          • Overview of operators
          • Operator precedence
          • Arithmetic operators
          • Concatenation operator
          • Hierarchical query operators
          • Set operators
          • COLLATE operator
        • Functions
          • Function overview
          • Single-row functions
            • Numeric functions
              • ABS
              • ACOS
              • ASIN
              • ATAN
              • ATAN2
              • BITAND
              • CEIL
              • COS
              • COSH
              • EXP
              • FLOOR
              • LN
              • LOG
              • MOD
              • NANVL
              • POWER
              • REMAINDER
              • ROUND
              • SIGN
              • SIN
              • SINH
              • SQRT
              • TAN
              • TANH
              • TRUNC
              • WIDTH_BUCKET
            • String functions that return strings
              • CHR
              • CONCAT
              • INITCAP
              • LOWER
              • LPAD
              • LTRIM
              • NLS_LOWER
              • NLS_UPPER
              • REGEXP_REPLACE
              • REGEXP_SUBSTR
              • REPLACE
              • RPAD
              • RTRIM
              • SUBSTR
              • TRANSLATE
              • TRANSLATE ... USING
              • TRIM
              • UPPER
            • String functions that return numbers
              • ASCII
              • INSTR
              • LENGTH
              • REGEXP_COUNT
              • REGEXP_INSTR
            • Datetime functions
              • ADD_MONTHS
              • CURRENT_DATE
              • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
              • DBTIMEZONE
              • EXTRACT (datetime)
              • FROM_TZ
              • LAST_DAY
              • LOCALTIMESTAMP
              • MONTHS_BETWEEN
              • NEXT_DAY
              • NUMTODSINTERVAL
              • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
              • ROUND (date)
              • SESSIONTIMEZONE
              • SYS_EXTRACT_UTC
              • SYSDATE
              • SYSTIMESTAMP
              • TO_CHAR (datetime)
              • TO_DSINTERVAL
              • TO_TIMESTAMP
              • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
              • TO_YMINTERVAL
              • TRUNC (date)
              • TZ_OFFSET
            • General comparison functions
              • GREATEST
              • LEAST
            • Conversion functions
              • ASCIISTR
              • CAST
              • CHARTOROWID
              • CONVERT
              • HEXTORAW
              • NUMTODSINTERVAL
              • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
              • RAWTOHEX
              • ROWIDTOCHAR
              • ROWIDTONCHAR
              • TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
              • TO_BINARY_FLOAT
              • TO_BLOB
              • TO_CHAR (character)
              • TO_CHAR (datetime)
              • TO_CHAR (number)
              • TO_CLOB
              • TO_DATE
              • TO_DSINTERVAL
              • TO_MULTI_BYTE
              • TO_NUMBER
              • TO_NCHAR (character)
              • TO_NCHAR (datetime)
              • TO_NCHAR (number)
              • TO_SINGLE_BYTE
              • TO_TIMESTAMP
              • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
              • TO_YMINTERVAL
              • UNISTR
            • Encoding and decoding functions
              • DECODE
              • DUMP
              • ORA_HASH
              • VSIZE
            • Null value-related functions
              • COALESCE
              • LNNVL
              • NANVL
              • NULLIF
              • NVL
              • NVL2
            • Environment and identifier functions
              • SYS_CONTEXT
              • SYS_GUID
              • UID
              • USER
              • USERENV
              • OB_VERSION
            • Hierarchical functions
              • SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH
            • XML functions
              • XMLAGG
              • XMLATTRIBUTES
              • XMLELEMENT
              • XMLPARSE
          • Aggregate functions
            • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
            • AVG
            • CORR
            • COUNT
            • COVAR_POP
            • COVAR_SAMP
            • CUME_DIST
            • DENSE_RANK
            • GROUPING
            • KEEP
            • LISTAGG
            • MAX
            • MEDIAN
            • MIN
            • PERCENT_RANK
            • PERCENTILE_CONT
            • PERCENTILE_DISC
            • RANK
            • REGR_ (Linear Regression) Functions
            • ROLLUP
            • STDDEV
            • STDDEV_POP
            • STDDEV_SAMP
            • SUM
            • VAR_POP
            • VAR_SAMP
            • VARIANCE
            • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
          • Analytic functions
            • Analytic functions
            • AVG
            • CORR
            • COUNT
            • COVAR_POP
            • COVAR_SAMP
            • CUME_DIST
            • DENSE_RANK
            • FIRST_VALUE
            • KEEP
            • LAG
            • LAST_VALUE
            • LEAD
            • LISTAGG
            • MAX
            • MEDIAN
            • MIN
            • NTILE
            • NTH_VALUE
            • PERCENT_RANK
            • PERCENTILE_CONT
            • PERCENTILE_DISC
            • RANK
            • RATIO_TO_REPORT
            • REGR_ (Linear Regression) Functions
            • ROW_NUMBER
            • STDDEV
            • STDDEV_POP
            • STDDEV_SAMP
            • SUM
            • VAR_POP
            • VAR_SAMP
            • VARIANCE
            • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
        • Expressions
          • Overview
          • Simple expressions
          • Compound expressions
          • Case expressions
          • Column expressions
          • CURSOR expressions
          • Datetime expressions
          • Function expressions
          • Interval expressions
          • Scalar subquery expressions
          • Type constructor expressions
          • Expression list
        • Conditions
          • Overview of SQL conditions
          • Condition precedence
          • Comparison conditions
          • Floating-point conditions
          • Logical conditions
          • Pattern-matching conditions
          • Null conditions
          • Compound conditions
          • BETWEEN condition
          • EXISTS condition
          • IN condition
        • Queries and subqueries
          • Overview of queries and subqueries
          • Simple query
          • Hierarchical query
          • Compound queries
          • Join queries
          • Subquery
          • DUAL table query
        • SQL statements
          • DDL
            • ALTER INDEX
            • ALTER KEYSTORE
            • ALTER OUTLINE
            • ALTER PROFILE
            • ALTER ROLE
            • ALTER SEQUENCE
            • ALTER SESSION
            • ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH PLAN CACHE
            • ALTER SYSTEM PARAMETER
            • ALTER TABLE
            • ALTER TABLEGROUP
            • ALTER USER
            • CREATE DIRECTORY
            • CREATE DATABASE LINK
            • CREATE INDEX
            • CREATE KEYSTORE
            • CREATE OUTLINE
            • CREATE PROFILE
            • CREATE RESTORE POINT
            • CREATE ROLE
            • CREATE SEQUENCE
            • CREATE SYNONYM
            • CREATE TABLE
            • CREATE TABLEGROUP
            • CREATE TABLESPACE
            • CREATE USER
            • CREATE VIEW
            • DROP DIRECTORY
            • DROP DATABASE LINK
            • DROP INDEX
            • DROP OUTLINE
            • DROP PROFILE
            • DROP RESTORE POINT
            • DROP ROLE
            • DROP SEQUENCE
            • DROP SYNONYM
            • DROP TABLE
            • DROP TABLEGROUP
            • DROP TABLESPACE
            • DROP USER
            • DROP VIEW
            • RENAME
            • TRUNCATE TABLE
          • DML
            • DELETE
            • INSERT
            • MERGE
            • PURGE
            • SELECT
              • SIMPLE SELECT
              • Set-based SELECT
              • WITH clause
            • UPDATE
          • DCL
            • ANALYZE
            • AUDIT
            • COMMENT
            • COMMIT
            • EXPLAIN
            • FLASHBACK TABLE BEFORE DROP
            • GRANT
            • KILL
            • REVOKE
            • ROLLBACK
            • SAVEPOINT
            • SET NAMES
            • SET PASSWORD
            • SET ROLE
            • SET VARIABLE
            • SHOW
            • SHRINK
            • TRANSACTION
    • PL reference
      • What is PL?
        • Overview
        • Main features of PL
        • PL architecture
      • PL reference (MySQL mode)
        • Syntax of PL stored programs
        • Stored programs
          • Overview
          • Variables in stored programs
          • Stored procedures
          • Stored functions
          • Triggers
          • Access control and account management
          • Limitations on stored programs
        • Cursors
          • Overview
          • Cursor execution process
          • Limitations on server cursors
        • Conditional control statements
          • CASE
          • IF
          • ITERATE
          • LEAVE
          • LOOP
          • REPEAT
          • RETURN
          • WHILE
        • Data manipulation statements
          • CALL
          • DO
        • Data definition statements
          • CREATE FUNCTION
          • CREATE PROCEDURE
          • CREATE TRIGGER
          • DROP FUNCTION
          • DROP PROCEDURE
          • DROP TRIGGER
        • Database management statements
          • SHOW CREATE FUNCTION
          • SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE
          • SHOW CREATE TRIGGER
          • SHOW FUNCTION STATUS
          • SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS
          • SHOW TRIGGERS
        • Dictionary view
          • INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARAMETERS
          • INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES
          • INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS
        • Exception handling
          • Overview
          • DECLARE ... CONDITION
          • DECLARE ... HANDLER
          • GET DIAGNOSTICS
          • RESIGNAL
          • SIGNAL
          • Effective scope of an exception handler
          • Diagnostics area
          • Exception handling and OUT/INOUT parameters
          • Limitations on exception handling
        • PL packages
          • DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
            • Overview
            • CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
            • CREATE_PLAN
            • CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
            • DELETE_PLAN
            • DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
            • UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
          • DBMS_STATS
            • Overview
            • DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
            • DELETE_TABLE_STATS
            • EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
            • EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
            • FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
            • GATHER_TABLE_STATS
            • IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
            • IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
            • LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
            • LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
            • LOCK_TABLE_STATS
            • SET_COLUMN_STATS
            • SET_TABLE_STATS
            • UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
            • UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
            • UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
        • Reserved and non-reserved PL keywords
      • PL reference (Oracle mode)
        • Language basics
          • Character sets
          • Lexical units
          • Declaration
          • Reference identifiers
          • Scope and visibility of identifiers
          • Assign values
          • Expressions
          • PL blocks
          • Subprograms
          • Error-reporting functions
        • Data types
          • Overview
          • SQL data types
          • LOB data types
          • BOOLEAN type
          • User-defined subtypes
          • PLS_INTEGER and BINARY_INTEGER
          • Arrays
        • Flow control
          • Overview
          • Conditional control
          • Loop control
          • Sequential control
        • Collections and records
          • Overview
          • Collections
          • Associative arrays
          • Varrays
          • Nested tables
          • Collection constructor function
          • Collection methods
            • Overview of collection methods
            • DELETE method
            • TRIM method
            • EXTEND method
            • EXISTS method
            • FIRST and LAST methods
            • COUNT method
            • LIMIT method
            • PRIOR and NEXT methods
          • Records
          • Insert records into a table and update a table by using records
          • Create and call a subprogram with record type parameters
        • Static SQL
          • Overview
          • Cursors
            • Overview
            • Cursor attributes
            • Implicit cursors
            • Explicit cursors
            • Cursor variables
            • Traverse cursor data by using the FOR loop
            • Modify and drop a cursor
          • Transaction processing and control
          • Autonomous transactions
            • Overview
            • Control autonomous transactions
            • Autonomous triggers
        • Dynamic SQL
          • Overview
          • Execute dynamic SQL statements
          • DBMS_SQL system package
        • Stored procedures and functions
          • Overview
          • Create a stored procedure
          • Create a function
          • Manage stored procedures and functions
          • Privilege control
          • User-defined aggregate functions
            • Overview
            • Interface for user-defined aggregate functions
            • Create user-defined aggregate functions
            • Use user-defined aggregate functions
        • Triggers
          • Overview
          • Create a DML trigger
          • Modify and drop a trigger
          • Disable or enable a trigger
          • Query trigger information
          • INSTEAD OF DML trigger
        • Packages
          • Overview
          • Create a program package
          • Overloaded programs in a package
          • Manage program packages
          • Definition of the PL environment by the STANDARD package
        • Exception handling
          • Overview
          • Compile-Time alerts
          • Exception types
          • Exception handling processes
        • DDL operations on stored PL units
          • Overview
          • ALTER FUNCTION
          • ALTER PACKAGE
          • ALTER PROCEDURE
          • ALTER TRIGGER
          • ALTER TYPE
          • CREATE FUNCTION
          • CREATE PACKAGE
          • CREATE PACKAGE BODY
          • CREATE PROCEDURE
          • CREATE TRIGGER
          • CREATE TYPE
          • CREATE TYPE BODY
          • DROP FUNCTION
          • DROP PACKAGE
          • DROP PROCEDURE
          • DROP TRIGGER
          • DROP TYPE
          • DROP TYPE BODY
        • PL packages
          • Overview
          • DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO
            • Overview
            • READ_CLIENT_INFO
            • READ_MODULE
            • SET_ACTION
            • SET_CLIENT_INFO
            • SET_MODULE
          • DBMS_CRYPTO
            • Overview
            • ENCRYPT
            • DECRYPT
            • HASH
          • DBMS_DEBUG
            • Overview
            • ATTACH_SESSION
            • CONTINUE
            • DEBUG_ON
            • DEBUG_OFF
            • DETACH_SESSION
            • DELETE_BREAKPOINT
            • DISABLE_BREAKPOINT
            • ENABLE_BREAKPOINT
            • GET_VALUE
            • GET_VALUES
            • GET_RUNTIME_INFO
            • GET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
            • INITIALIZE
            • PROBE_VERSION
            • PRINT_BACKTRACE
            • SET_TIMEOUT
            • SET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
            • SET_BREAKPOINT
            • SHOW_BREAKPOINTS
          • DBMS_DESCRIBE
            • Overview
            • DESCRIBE_PROCEDURE
          • DBMS_JOB
            • Overview
            • BROKEN
            • CHANGE
            • ZONE
            • INTERVAL
            • NEXT_DATE
            • REMOVE
            • RUN
            • SUBMIT
            • USER_EXPORT
            • WHAT
          • DBMS_LOB
            • Overview
            • APPEND
            • CLOSE
            • COMPARE
            • COPY
            • CREATETEMPORARY
            • ERASE
            • FREETEMPORARY
            • GETLENGTH
            • ISOPEN
            • INSTR
            • OPEN
            • READ
            • SUBSTR
            • TRIM
            • WRITE
            • WRITEAPPEND
          • DBMS_LOCK
            • Overview
            • SLEEP
          • DBMS_METADATA
            • Overview
            • GET_DDL
          • DBMS_OUTPUT
            • Overview
            • DISABLE
            • ENABLE
            • GET_LINE
            • GET_LINES
            • NEW_LINE
            • PUT
            • PUT_LINE
          • DBMS_PLAN_CACHE
            • Overview
            • PURGE
          • DBMS_RANDOM
            • Overview
            • INITIALIZE
            • NORMAL
            • RANDOM
            • SEED
            • STRING
            • TERMINATE
            • VALUE
          • DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
            • Overview
            • CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
            • CREATE_PLAN
            • CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
            • DELETE_PLAN
            • DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
            • UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
          • DBMS_SCHEDULER
            • Overview
            • CREATE_JOB
            • CREATE_PROGRAM
            • DEFINE_PROGRAM_ARGUMENT
            • DISABLE
            • DROP_JOB
            • DROP_PROGRAM
            • ENABLE
            • GENERATE_JOB_NAME
            • RUN_JOB
            • SET_ATTRIBUTE
            • SET_JOB_ARGUMENT_VALUE
          • DBMS_SESSION
            • Overview
            • CLEAR_ALL_CONTEXT
            • CLEAR_CONTEXT
            • CLEAR_IDENTIFIER
            • SET_CONTEXT
            • SET_IDENTIFIER
          • DBMS_SQL
            • Overview
            • BIND_VARIABLE
            • CLOSE_CURSOR
            • COLUMN_VALUE
            • DEFINE_COLUMN
            • DEFINE_ARRAY
            • DESCRIBE_COLUMNS
            • EXECUTE
            • EXECUTE_AND_FETCH
            • FETCH_ROWS
            • IS_OPEN
            • OPEN_CURSOR
            • PARSE
          • DBMS_STATS
            • Overview
            • DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
            • DELETE_TABLE_STATS
            • EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
            • EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
            • FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
            • GATHER_TABLE_STATS
            • IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
            • IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
            • LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
            • LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
            • LOCK_TABLE_STATS
            • SET_COLUMN_STATS
            • SET_TABLE_STATS
            • UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
            • UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
            • UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
          • DBMS_UTILITY
            • Overview
            • ACTIVE_INSTANCES
            • COMMA_TO_TABLE
            • CURRENT_INSTANCE
            • DB_VERSION
            • FORMAT_CALL_STACK
            • FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE
            • FORMAT_ERROR_STACK
            • GET_ENDIANNESS
            • GET_HASH_VALUE
            • GET_PARAMETER_VALUE
            • GET_SQL_HASH
            • GET_TIME
            • IS_BIT_SET
            • IS_CLUSTER_DATABASE
            • NAME_RESOLVE
            • NAME_TOKENIZE
            • OLD_CURRENT_SCHEMA
            • OLD_CURRENT_USER
            • PORT_STRING
            • TABLE_TO_COMMA
          • DBMS_XA
            • Overview
            • DBMS_XA constants
            • DBMS_XA_XID object type
            • DIST_TXN_SYNC
            • XA_COMMIT
            • XA_END
            • XA_FORGET
            • XA_GETLASTOER
            • XA_PREPARE
            • XA_RECOVER
            • XA_ROLLBACK
            • XA_SETTIMEOUT
            • XA_START
          • ODCICONST
            • Overview
            • ODCIArgDesc.ArgType
            • ODCIEnv.CallProperty
            • ODCIEnv.Envflags
            • ODCIIndexAlter
            • ODCIIndexAlter parameter alter_option
            • ODCIIndexInfo.IndexInfoFlags
            • ODCIIndexInfo.IndexParaDegree
            • ODCIPredInfo.Flags
            • ODCIQueryInfo.Flags
            • ODCIStatsOptions.Flags
            • ODCIStatsOptions.Options
            • Return Status
            • ScnFlg
          • UTL_FILE
            • Overview
            • FCLOSE
            • FFLUSH
            • FOPEN
            • FGETPOS
            • FREMOVE
            • FRENAME
            • FSEEK
            • NEW_LINE
            • GET_LINE
            • PUT
            • PUT_LINE
          • UTL_ENCODE
            • Overview
            • BASE64_DECODE
            • BASE64_ENCODE
          • UTL_I18N
            • Overview
            • RAW_TO_CHAR
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ORA-30000 to ORA-49999

Last Updated:2023-10-24 09:23:03  Updated
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What is on this page
ORA-30002: SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function is not allowed here
ORA-30003: illegal parameter in SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function
ORA-30003: illegal parameter in SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function
ORA-30004: A column value contained the string that the SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function was to use to separate column values
ORA-30006: resource busy; acquire with WAIT timeout expired
ORA-30007: CONNECT BY ROOT operator is not supported in the START WITH or in the CONNECT BY condition
ORA-30009: Not enough memory for CONNECT BY operation
ORA-30076: invalid extract field for extract source
ORA-30078: partition bound must be TIME/TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE literals
ORA-30084: invalid data type for datetime primary with time zone modifier
ORA-30088: datetime/interval precision is out of range
ORA-30175: invalid type given for an argument
ORA-30186: '\' must be followed by four hexdecimal characters or another '\'
ORA-30482: DISTINCT not allowed here
ORA-30485: missing ORDER BY expression in the window specification
ORA-30487: ORDER BY not allowed here
ORA-30488: argument should be a function of expressions in PARTITION BY
ORA-30493: The percentile value should be a number between 0 and 1.
ORA-30494: The argument [%s] of WIDTH_BUCKET function is NULL or invalid.
ORA-30495: The argument should be of numeric or date/datetime type.
ORA-30496: Argument should be a constant.
ORA-30562: SAMPLE percentage must be in the range [0.000001,100)
ORA-30563: outer join operator (+) is not allowed here
ORA-30625: method dispatch on NULL SELF argument is disallowed
ORA-30665: invalid NOT NULL constraint specified on a DEFAULT ON NULL column
ORA-30669: table can have only one identity column
ORA-30670: invalid NOT NULL constraint specified on an identity column
ORA-30671: cannot modify NOT NULL constraint on an identity column
ORA-30672: cannot drop NOT NULL constraint on an identity column
ORA-30673: column to be modified is not an identity column
ORA-30674: identity column cannot have a default value
ORA-30675: identity column must be a numeric type
ORA-30926: unable to get a stable set of rows in the source tables
ORA-30929: ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause not allowed here
ORA-30929: ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause not allowed here
ORA-30930: NOCYCLE keyword is required with CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE pseudo column
ORA-31011: XML parsing failed
ORA-31011: XML parsing failed
ORA-31600: invalid input value %.*s for parameter %.*s in function %.*s
ORA-31603: object '%.*s' of type %.*s not found in schema '%.*s'
ORA-32021: parameter value longer than %d characters
ORA-32031: illegal reference of a query name in WITH clause
ORA-32033: unsupported column aliasing
ORA-32034: unsupported use of WITH clause
ORA-32038: number of WITH clause column names does not match number of elements in select list
ORA-32039: recursive WITH clause must have column alias list
ORA-32040: recursive WITH clause must use a UNION ALL operation
ORA-32041: UNION ALL operation in recursive WITH clause must have only two branches
ORA-32042: recursive WITH clause must reference itself directly in one of the UNION ALL branches
ORA-32043: recursive WITH clause needs an initialization branch
ORA-32044: cycle detected while executing recursive WITH query
ORA-32045: maximum level of recursion reached while executing recursive WITH query
ORA-32046: sequence column name for SEARCH clause must not be part of the column alias list
ORA-32047: cycle mark value and non-cycle mark value must be one byte character string values
ORA-32048: cycle mark column name for CYCLE clause must not be part of the column alias list
ORA-32049: duplicate name found in column alias list for WITH clause
ORA-32480: SEARCH and CYCLE clauses can only be specified for recursive WITH clause elements
ORA-32481: cycle value for CYCLE clause must be different from the non-cycle value
ORA-32482: sequence column for SEARCH clause must be different from the cycle mark column for CYCLE clause
ORA-32483: duplicate name found in sort specification list for SEARCH clause of WITH clause
ORA-32484: duplicate name found in cycle column list for CYCLE clause of WITH clause
ORA-32485: element in cycle column list of CYCLE clause must appear in the column alias list of the WITH clause element
ORA-32486: unsupported operation in recursive branch of recursive WITH clause
ORA-32487: unsupported join in recursive WITH query
ORA-32488: WITH clause element did not have a column alias list
ORA-32489: element in sort specification list of SEARCH clause did not appear in the column alias list of the WITH clause element
ORA-32490: recursive query name referenced more than once in recursive branch of recursive WITH clause element
ORA-32595: DDL statement cannot be audited with BY SESSION specified
ORA-32792: prebuilt table managed column cannot be an identity column
ORA-32793: cannot alter a system-generated sequence
ORA-32794: cannot drop a system-generated sequence
ORA-32795: cannot insert into a generated always identity column
ORA-32796: cannot update a generated always identity column
ORA-32797: identity column sequence mismatch in ALTER TABLE EXCHANGE PARTITION
ORA-32798: cannot rename a system-generated sequence
ORA-38101: Invalid column in the INSERT VALUES Clause:'%.*s'.'%.*s'
ORA-38104: Columns referenced in the ON Clause cannot be updated:'%.*s'.'%.*s'
ORA-38778: Restore point %s already exists
ORA-38779: cannot create restore point - too many restore points
ORA-38780: Restore point %s does not exists
ORA-39962: invalid parameter for PLSQL_CCFLAGS
ORA-42399: cannot perform a DML operation on a read-only view

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ORA-30002: SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function is not allowed here

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5768

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function is called beyond the SELECT list and ORDER BY clause.

  • Solution: Delete the calls of the SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function except those in the SELECT list and ORDER BY clause.

ORA-30003: illegal parameter in SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5769

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function contains invalid arguments.

ORA-30003: illegal parameter in SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5927

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function contains invalid arguments.

ORA-30004: A column value contained the string that the SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function was to use to separate column values

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5770

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The string used by the SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function to separate column values is included in a column value.

  • Solution: Specify another separator that is not included in any column value for the SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function, and try again.

ORA-30006: resource busy; acquire with WAIT timeout expired

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 6003

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The requested resource is busy.

  • Solution: Try again later.

ORA-30007: CONNECT BY ROOT operator is not supported in the START WITH or in the CONNECT BY condition

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5771

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You attempted to use the CONNECT BY ROOT operator in the START WITH or CONNECT BY condition.

  • Solution: Delete the CONNECT BY ROOT operator from the START WITH or CONNECT BY condition.

ORA-30009: Not enough memory for CONNECT BY operation

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5926

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The memory size is insufficient for processing all levels of the hierarchy specified by the query.

  • Solution: Set PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET to a reasonable large value when WORKAREA_SIZE_POLICY is set to AUTO, or set SORT_AREA_SIZE to an appropriately large value when WORKAREA_SIZE_POLICY is set to MANUAL.

ORA-30076: invalid extract field for extract source

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5686

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The data extraction source does not contain the specified data extraction field.

ORA-30078: partition bound must be TIME/TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE literals

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5349

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The TIME or TIMESTAMP column does not contain TIME ZONE.

  • Solution: Use the TIME or TIMESTAMP format with TIME ZONE.

ORA-30084: invalid data type for datetime primary with time zone modifier

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5950

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: If a time zone modifier is specified, the value of the datetime parameter must be of the TIME, TIME WITH TIME ZONE, TIMESTAMP, or TIME STAMP WITH TIME ZONE type.

ORA-30088: datetime/interval precision is out of range

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5605

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The specified datetime or interval precision is not within the range of 0 to 9.

  • Solution: Ensure that the datetime or interval precision is within the range of 0 to 9.

ORA-30175: invalid type given for an argument

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5351

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The argument list contains arguments of invalid types.

  • Solution: Use correct data types for arguments.

ORA-30186: '\' must be followed by four hexdecimal characters or another '\'

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5938

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: In the argument of the SQL function UNISTR, a pair of double backslashes (\\) must be followed by four hexadecimal characters or another pair of double backslashes (\\).

  • Solution: Correct the string format.

ORA-30482: DISTINCT not allowed here

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5798

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The DISTINCT option is not allowed in the function.

ORA-30485: missing ORDER BY expression in the window specification

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5300

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The ORDER BY expression is missing from the window function or aggregation group.

ORA-30487: ORDER BY not allowed here

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5797

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The ORDER BY expression is not allowed in the DISTINCT function and RATIO_TO_REPORT.

ORA-30488: argument should be a function of expressions in PARTITION BY

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5347

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The argument of the window function must be a constant for a partition.

ORA-30493: The percentile value should be a number between 0 and 1.

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5861

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The percentile value specified for the PERCENTILE_CONT or PERCENTILE_DISC function is not within the specified range.

  • Solution: Specify a value within the range of [0,1].

ORA-30494: The argument [%s] of WIDTH_BUCKET function is NULL or invalid.

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5925

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The [%s] argument of the WIDTH_BUCKET function is NULL or invalid.

ORA-30495: The argument should be of numeric or date/datetime type.

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5862

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The argument must be of the numeric or date/datetime type.

ORA-30496: Argument should be a constant.

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5852

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The argument value is not a constant.

ORA-30562: SAMPLE percentage must be in the range [0.000001,100)

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5730

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The SAMPLE percentage should be within the range of [0.000001,100).

ORA-30563: outer join operator (+) is not allowed here

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5626

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You attempted to reference + in the SELECT_LIST function or the CONNECT BY, START WITH, or ORDER BY clause.

  • Solution: Do not use operators in the SELECT_LIST function or the CONNECT BY, START WITH, or ORDER BY clause.

ORA-30625: method dispatch on NULL SELF argument is disallowed

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5847

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A MEMBER method is called by the NULL SELF argument.

  • Solution: Change the method call type so that a valid SELF argument is passed.

ORA-30665: invalid NOT NULL constraint specified on a DEFAULT ON NULL column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5949

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The NOT NULL constraint is not correctly specified on the DEFAULT ON NULL column.

  • Solution: If the NOT NULL constraint is specified on the DEFAULT ON NULL column, enable the constraint immediately.

ORA-30669: table can have only one identity column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5909

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to specify multiple identity columns for a table.

  • Solution: Specify only one identity column for each table.

ORA-30670: invalid NOT NULL constraint specified on an identity column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5910

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The NOT NULL constraint is not properly specified on the identity column.

  • Solution: If the NOT NULL constraint is specified for the identity column, enable the constraint immediately.

ORA-30671: cannot modify NOT NULL constraint on an identity column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5911

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The NOT NULL constraint on the identity column cannot be modified.

  • Solution: Do not modify the NOT NULL constraint on an identity column.

ORA-30672: cannot drop NOT NULL constraint on an identity column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5912

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The NOT NULL constraint on the identity column cannot be deleted.

  • Solution: Do not delete the NOT NULL constraint from the identity column. To delete the constraint, call the DROP IDENTITY operation in the ALTER TABLE MODIFY statement to delete the identity attribute of the column.

ORA-30673: column to be modified is not an identity column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5913

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to modify the identity attribute of a non-identity column.

  • Solution: Modify the identity attribute of only an identity column.

ORA-30674: identity column cannot have a default value

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5914

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to add a default value to an identity column.

  • Solution: Do not specify a default value for an identity column.

ORA-30675: identity column must be a numeric type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5915

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to create non-numeric values for an identity column or change the values of an identity column into non-numeric values.

  • Solution: Do not assign a non-numeric data type to an identity column.

ORA-30926: unable to get a stable set of rows in the source tables

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 30926

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A stable set of rows cannot be obtained due to a large DML activity or a non-deterministic WHERE clause.

  • Solution: Delete the non-deterministic WHERE clause and re-execute the DML statement.

ORA-30929: ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause not allowed here

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5325

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The specified query with the ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause does not contain the CONNECT BY clause.

  • Solution: Delete the ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause or add the CONNECT BY clause to the query.

ORA-30929: ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause not allowed here

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5772

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The specified query with the ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause does not contain the CONNECT BY clause.

  • Solution: Delete the ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause or add the CONNECT BY clause to the query.

ORA-30930: NOCYCLE keyword is required with CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE pseudo column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5773

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE is specified in a query, but this query does not contain the NOCYCLE keyword.

  • Solution: Delete CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE from the query or add the NOCYCLE keyword to the query.

ORA-31011: XML parsing failed

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 7401
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: An error occurred when the XML parser attempted to parse a document.
  • Solution: Check whether the document is valid.

ORA-31011: XML parsing failed

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9549

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The XML parser returns an error when it parses a document.

  • Solution: Check whether the document to be parsed is valid.

ORA-31600: invalid input value %.*s for parameter %.*s in function %.*s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9504

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The input parameter value is NULL or invalid.

  • Solution: Specify a valid value and call the function again.

ORA-31603: object '%.*s' of type %.*s not found in schema '%.*s'

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9503

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The specified object cannot be found in the database.

  • Solution: Modify the object configuration and try again.

ORA-32021: parameter value longer than %d characters

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5939

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The parameter value exceeds the maximum length, or one of the parameter values in the parameter list exceeds the maximum value.

  • Solution: Reduce the length of the parameter value and try again. For the DISPATCHERS parameter, use a listener alias to reduce the value length.

ORA-32031: illegal reference of a query name in WITH clause

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5737

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: Forward or recursive reference of a query name in the WITH clause is not allowed.

  • Solution: Modify the query statement and try again.

ORA-32033: unsupported column aliasing

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5738

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The WITH clause does not support column aliases.

  • Solution: Specify an alias in the subquery and try again.

ORA-32034: unsupported use of WITH clause

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5739

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The WITH clause is used improperly in either of the following ways:

    • A WITH clause is nested in another WITH clause.

    • In a set query, a WITH clause is specified for branches.

  • Solution: Modify the query and try again.

ORA-32038: number of WITH clause column names does not match number of elements in select list

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5740

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A column alias or name list is specified for a WITH query name, but the number of elements in the list does not match the number of elements in the SELECT list of the definition query.

  • Solution: Update the column alias list or SELECT list to ensure that they have the same number of elements.

ORA-32039: recursive WITH clause must have column alias list

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5741

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A WITH query recursively references itself, but no column alias list is specified for this query.

  • Solution: Add a column alias list for the WITH query name.

ORA-32040: recursive WITH clause must use a UNION ALL operation

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5742

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A WITH query recursively references itself, but the UNION ALL operation is not used in the definition query.

  • Solution: Rewrite the recursive WITH query so that the UNION ALL operation is used.

ORA-32041: UNION ALL operation in recursive WITH clause must have only two branches

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5743

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A WITH query recursively references itself but uses a UNION ALL operation with more than two branches, which is not supported.

  • Solution: Rewrite the recursive WITH query so that it uses only two branches in the UNION ALL operation.

ORA-32042: recursive WITH clause must reference itself directly in one of the UNION ALL branches

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5744

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A WITH query recursively references itself indirectly. For example, it does so through a subquery or view.

  • Solution: Rewrite the recursive WITH query so that it directly references itself in the FROM clause of a branch of the UNION ALL operation.

ORA-32043: recursive WITH clause needs an initialization branch

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5745

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A WITH query recursively references itself, but an initial branch that does not reference itself is absent in the UNION ALL operation.

  • Solution: Rewrite the WITH query by adding an initial branch that does not reference itself to the UNION ALL operation.

ORA-32044: cycle detected while executing recursive WITH query

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5746

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A recursive WITH query forms a cycle, and the system stops this query to avoid an infinite cycle.

  • Solution: Rewrite the recursive WITH query to stop the recursion, or use the CYCLE clause in the query.

ORA-32045: maximum level of recursion reached while executing recursive WITH query

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5747

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A recursive WITH query reaches the specified maximum recursion level and stops.

  • Solution: Increase the maximum recursion level or use the CYCLE clause.

ORA-32046: sequence column name for SEARCH clause must not be part of the column alias list

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5748

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The SEARCH clause in a recursive WITH query specifies a sequence column, but this sequence column already exists in the column alias list of the WITH query.

  • Solution: Specify a different name for the sequence column in the SEARCH clause, or delete this name from the column alias list.

ORA-32047: cycle mark value and non-cycle mark value must be one byte character string values

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5749

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The cycle mark or non-cycle mark value specified in the CYCLE clause of a recursive WITH query is not a one-byte string.

  • Solution: Specify a one-byte string as the value of cycle mark or non-cycle mark in the CYCLE clause of the recursive WITH query.

ORA-32048: cycle mark column name for CYCLE clause must not be part of the column alias list

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5750

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The CYCLE clause in a recursive WITH query specifies a cycle mark column, but this column already exists in the column alias list of the WITH query.

  • Solution: Specify a different name for the cycle mark column in the CYCLE clause, or delete this name from the column alias list.

ORA-32049: duplicate name found in column alias list for WITH clause

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5751

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A name appears multiple times in the column alias list of the WITH clause.

  • Solution: Delete duplicate names from the column alias list.

ORA-32480: SEARCH and CYCLE clauses can only be specified for recursive WITH clause elements

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5752

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The SEARCH or CYCLE clause is specified for a non-recursive WITH clause element.

  • Solution: Delete the SEARCH or CYCLE clause, or add recursion to the WITH clause element.

ORA-32481: cycle value for CYCLE clause must be different from the non-cycle value

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5753

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The CYCLE clause is specified for a recursive WITH query, but the cycle value is the same as a non-cycle value or the DEFAULT value.

  • Solution: Change the cycle value or the non-cycle value to ensure that they are different.

ORA-32482: sequence column for SEARCH clause must be different from the cycle mark column for CYCLE clause

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5754

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The SEARCH and CYCLE clauses are specified for a recursive WITH query, but the sequence column of the SEARCH clause is the same as the cycle mark column of the CYCLE clause.

  • Solution: Modify the sequence or cycle mark column to ensure that they are different.

ORA-32483: duplicate name found in sort specification list for SEARCH clause of WITH clause

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5755

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A SEARCH clause is specified for a recursive query, but the sort specification list in the recursive query contains duplicate names.

  • Solution: Delete duplicate names from the sort specification list.

ORA-32484: duplicate name found in cycle column list for CYCLE clause of WITH clause

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5756

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A CYCLE clause is specified for a recursive query, but the cycle column list of the CYCLE clause contains duplicate names.

  • Solution: Delete duplicate names from the cycle column list of the CYCLE clause.

ORA-32485: element in cycle column list of CYCLE clause must appear in the column alias list of the WITH clause element

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5757

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: In the CYCLE clause specified for a recursive WITH query, the elements in the cycle column list are not included in the column alias list of the WITH clause element.

  • Solution: Modify the cycle column list so that only the names included in the column alias list of the WITH clause element are used.

ORA-32486: unsupported operation in recursive branch of recursive WITH clause

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5758

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The recursive component of the UNION ALL operation in a recursive WITH clause element uses an unsupported operation. The recursive branch of the UNION ALL operation must not use GROUP BY, DISTINCT, MODEL, grouping sets, CONNECY BY, window functions, HAVING, or aggregate functions.

  • Solution: Rewrite the query and ensure that it does not contain unsupported operations.

ORA-32487: unsupported join in recursive WITH query

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5759

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The recursive component in the recursive WITH clause element contains the following unsupported join operations:

    • A LEFT OUTER join with the name of the recursive query on the right side

    • A RIGHT OUTER join with the name of the recursive query on the left side

    • A FULL OUTER join that involves the name of the recursive query

  • Solution: Rewrite the query and ensure that it does not contain unsupported join operations.

ORA-32488: WITH clause element did not have a column alias list

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5760

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A WITH clause element uses the SEARCH clause and/or the CYCLE clause but does not specify a column alias list for them.

  • Solution: Add a column alias list for the WITH query name.

ORA-32489: element in sort specification list of SEARCH clause did not appear in the column alias list of the WITH clause element

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5761

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The elements in the sort specification list of the SEARCH clause specified for a recursive WITH query are not included in the column alias list of the WITH clause element.

  • Solution: Modify the sort specification list so that only the names in the column alias list of the WITH clause element are used.

ORA-32490: recursive query name referenced more than once in recursive branch of recursive WITH clause element

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5762

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The recursive component of the UNION ALL operation in a recursive WITH clause element references the name of the recursive query multiple times. The recursive branch of the recursive WITH query can reference the name of the recursive query only once.

  • Solution: Rewrite the query so that its recursive branch references the name of the query only once.

ORA-32595: DDL statement cannot be audited with BY SESSION specified

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 4364

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You attempted to audit a DDL statement with a specified BY SESSION clause. DDL statements can be audited only by using BY ACCESS.

  • Solution: Use BY ACCESS to audit the DDL statement.

ORA-32792: prebuilt table managed column cannot be an identity column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5916

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to create an instantiated view on a pre-built table with an identity column.

  • Solution: Delete the identity attribute or delete the identity column from the instantiated view.

ORA-32793: cannot alter a system-generated sequence

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5917

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to modify a system-generated sequence.

  • Solution: Do not modify sequences generated by the system, such as a sequence created for the identity column.

ORA-32794: cannot drop a system-generated sequence

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5918

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to drop a system-generated sequence.

  • Solution: Do not drop sequences generated by the system, for example, a sequence created for the identity column.

ORA-32795: cannot insert into a generated always identity column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5919

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to insert a value into an identity column created by using the GENERATED ALWAYS keyword.

  • Solution: Do not directly insert a value into an identity column that is created by using the GENERATED ALWAYS keyword. Instead, the value should be provided by the associated sequence generator.

ORA-32796: cannot update a generated always identity column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5920

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to update an identity column created by using the GENERATED ALWAYS keyword.

  • Solution: Do not directly update an identity column that is created by using the GENERATED ALWAYS keyword.

ORA-32797: identity column sequence mismatch in ALTER TABLE EXCHANGE PARTITION

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5921

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: Sequences of identity columns of two tables specified in the EXCHANGE statement are neither incremented nor decremented.

  • Solution: Ensure that the sequences of the identity columns with INCREMENT BY have the same symbol.

ORA-32798: cannot rename a system-generated sequence

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5922

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to rename a system-generated sequence.

  • Solution: Do not rename sequences generated by the system, such as a sequence created for the identity column.

ORA-38101: Invalid column in the INSERT VALUES Clause:'%.*s'.'%.*s'

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5803

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The INSERT VALUES clause references an invalid table column.

ORA-38104: Columns referenced in the ON Clause cannot be updated:'%.*s'.'%.*s'

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 38104

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: LHS in UPDATE SET contains columns referenced in the ON clause.

ORA-38778: Restore point %s already exists

  • Error codes in OceanBase Database: 6259 and 6261

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The restore point name in the CREATE RESTORE POINT statement already exists. The restore point name must be unique.

  • Solution: Specify another name or delete the existing restore point with the same name.

ORA-38779: cannot create restore point - too many restore points

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 6263

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The number of created restore points has reached the maximum number allowed.

  • Solution: Delete some existing restore points and try again.

ORA-38780: Restore point %s does not exists

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 6260 and 6262

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The restore point name specified in the statement does not exist.

  • Solution: Query the restore point table for the restore point.

ORA-39962: invalid parameter for PLSQL_CCFLAGS

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5940

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The value of the PLSQL_CCFLAGS parameter is invalid.

  • Solution: Specify a valid value for the PLSQL_CCFLAGS parameter.

ORA-42399: cannot perform a DML operation on a read-only view

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5723

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You attempted to insert, delete, or update rows in a read-only view, which is not allowed.

  • Solution: Execute required DML operations on the base table of the view, or use the ALTER VIEW ... READ WRITE statement to make the view operable.

What is on this page
ORA-30002: SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function is not allowed here
ORA-30003: illegal parameter in SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function
ORA-30003: illegal parameter in SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function
ORA-30004: A column value contained the string that the SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function was to use to separate column values
ORA-30006: resource busy; acquire with WAIT timeout expired
ORA-30007: CONNECT BY ROOT operator is not supported in the START WITH or in the CONNECT BY condition
ORA-30009: Not enough memory for CONNECT BY operation
ORA-30076: invalid extract field for extract source
ORA-30078: partition bound must be TIME/TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE literals
ORA-30084: invalid data type for datetime primary with time zone modifier
ORA-30088: datetime/interval precision is out of range
ORA-30175: invalid type given for an argument
ORA-30186: '\' must be followed by four hexdecimal characters or another '\'
ORA-30482: DISTINCT not allowed here
ORA-30485: missing ORDER BY expression in the window specification
ORA-30487: ORDER BY not allowed here
ORA-30488: argument should be a function of expressions in PARTITION BY
ORA-30493: The percentile value should be a number between 0 and 1.
ORA-30494: The argument [%s] of WIDTH_BUCKET function is NULL or invalid.
ORA-30495: The argument should be of numeric or date/datetime type.
ORA-30496: Argument should be a constant.
ORA-30562: SAMPLE percentage must be in the range [0.000001,100)
ORA-30563: outer join operator (+) is not allowed here
ORA-30625: method dispatch on NULL SELF argument is disallowed
ORA-30665: invalid NOT NULL constraint specified on a DEFAULT ON NULL column
ORA-30669: table can have only one identity column
ORA-30670: invalid NOT NULL constraint specified on an identity column
ORA-30671: cannot modify NOT NULL constraint on an identity column
ORA-30672: cannot drop NOT NULL constraint on an identity column
ORA-30673: column to be modified is not an identity column
ORA-30674: identity column cannot have a default value
ORA-30675: identity column must be a numeric type
ORA-30926: unable to get a stable set of rows in the source tables
ORA-30929: ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause not allowed here
ORA-30929: ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause not allowed here
ORA-30930: NOCYCLE keyword is required with CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE pseudo column
ORA-31011: XML parsing failed
ORA-31011: XML parsing failed
ORA-31600: invalid input value %.*s for parameter %.*s in function %.*s
ORA-31603: object '%.*s' of type %.*s not found in schema '%.*s'
ORA-32021: parameter value longer than %d characters
ORA-32031: illegal reference of a query name in WITH clause
ORA-32033: unsupported column aliasing
ORA-32034: unsupported use of WITH clause
ORA-32038: number of WITH clause column names does not match number of elements in select list
ORA-32039: recursive WITH clause must have column alias list
ORA-32040: recursive WITH clause must use a UNION ALL operation
ORA-32041: UNION ALL operation in recursive WITH clause must have only two branches
ORA-32042: recursive WITH clause must reference itself directly in one of the UNION ALL branches
ORA-32043: recursive WITH clause needs an initialization branch
ORA-32044: cycle detected while executing recursive WITH query
ORA-32045: maximum level of recursion reached while executing recursive WITH query
ORA-32046: sequence column name for SEARCH clause must not be part of the column alias list
ORA-32047: cycle mark value and non-cycle mark value must be one byte character string values
ORA-32048: cycle mark column name for CYCLE clause must not be part of the column alias list
ORA-32049: duplicate name found in column alias list for WITH clause
ORA-32480: SEARCH and CYCLE clauses can only be specified for recursive WITH clause elements
ORA-32481: cycle value for CYCLE clause must be different from the non-cycle value
ORA-32482: sequence column for SEARCH clause must be different from the cycle mark column for CYCLE clause
ORA-32483: duplicate name found in sort specification list for SEARCH clause of WITH clause
ORA-32484: duplicate name found in cycle column list for CYCLE clause of WITH clause
ORA-32485: element in cycle column list of CYCLE clause must appear in the column alias list of the WITH clause element
ORA-32486: unsupported operation in recursive branch of recursive WITH clause
ORA-32487: unsupported join in recursive WITH query
ORA-32488: WITH clause element did not have a column alias list
ORA-32489: element in sort specification list of SEARCH clause did not appear in the column alias list of the WITH clause element
ORA-32490: recursive query name referenced more than once in recursive branch of recursive WITH clause element
ORA-32595: DDL statement cannot be audited with BY SESSION specified
ORA-32792: prebuilt table managed column cannot be an identity column
ORA-32793: cannot alter a system-generated sequence
ORA-32794: cannot drop a system-generated sequence
ORA-32795: cannot insert into a generated always identity column
ORA-32796: cannot update a generated always identity column
ORA-32797: identity column sequence mismatch in ALTER TABLE EXCHANGE PARTITION
ORA-32798: cannot rename a system-generated sequence
ORA-38101: Invalid column in the INSERT VALUES Clause:'%.*s'.'%.*s'
ORA-38104: Columns referenced in the ON Clause cannot be updated:'%.*s'.'%.*s'
ORA-38778: Restore point %s already exists
ORA-38779: cannot create restore point - too many restore points
ORA-38780: Restore point %s does not exists
ORA-39962: invalid parameter for PLSQL_CCFLAGS
ORA-42399: cannot perform a DML operation on a read-only view