The syntax of the SELECT statement is relatively complex. This section describes the syntax of the SIMPLE SELECT statement.
Purpose
This statement is used to query data from a table or view.
Syntax
simple_select:
SELECT [ hint_options ] [ DISTINCT | UNIQUE | ALL] select_expr_list
FROM from_list
[WHERE condition]
[hierarchical_query_clause]
[GROUP BY group_expression_list
[{ROLLUP | CUBE | GROUPING SETS} group_expression_list]
[HAVING condition]
]
[ORDER BY order_expression_list]
[FOR UPDATE [OF column] [ {NOWAIT | WAIT integer | SKIP LOCKED } ] ]
[row_limiting_clause ]
select_expr_list:
table_name.*
| table_alias_name.*
| expr [[AS] column_alias_name]
| sequence_name.{ CURRVAL|NEXTVAL }@dblink_name
from_list:
table_reference [, table_reference...]
url_external_table_references
table_reference:
simple_table
| joined_table
| pivot_clause
| unpivot_clause
| table_name@dblink_name
url_external_table_references:
location_url | table_function
location_url:
'<string>'
(
{FORMAT = (
TYPE = 'CSV',
LINE_DELIMITER = '<string>' | <expr>,
FIELD_DELIMITER = '<string>' | <expr>,
ESCAPE = '<character>' | <expr>,
FIELD_OPTIONALLY_ENCLOSED_BY = '<character>' | <expr>,
ENCODING = 'charset',
NULL_IF = ('<string>' | <expr>, '<string>' | <expr> ...),
SKIP_HEADER = <int>,
SKIP_BLANK_LINES = { TRUE | FALSE },
PARSE_HEADER = { TRUE | FALSE },
TRIM_SPACE = { TRUE | FALSE },
EMPTY_FIELD_AS_NULL = { TRUE | FALSE }
)
| FORMAT = ( TYPE = 'PARQUET' | 'ORC' )
}
[PATTERN = '<regex_pattern>']
)
table_function:
{
FILES (
LOCATION = '<string>',
{
FORMAT = (
TYPE = 'CSV',
LINE_DELIMITER = '<string>' | <expr>,
FIELD_DELIMITER = '<string>' | <expr>,
ESCAPE = '<character>' | <expr>,
FIELD_OPTIONALLY_ENCLOSED_BY = '<character>' | <expr>,
ENCODING = 'charset',
NULL_IF = ('<string>' | <expr>, '<string>' | <expr> ...),
SKIP_HEADER = <int>,
SKIP_BLANK_LINES = { TRUE | FALSE },
PARSE_HEADER = { TRUE | FALSE },
TRIM_SPACE = { TRUE | FALSE },
EMPTY_FIELD_AS_NULL = { TRUE | FALSE }
)
| FORMAT = ( TYPE = 'PARQUET' | 'ORC' )
},
[PATTERN = '<regex_pattern>']
)
| SOURCE (
TYPE = 'ODPS',
ACCESSID = '<string>',
ACCESSKEY = '<string>',
ENDPOINT = '<string>',
TUNNEL_ENDPOINT = '<string>',
PROJECT_NAME = '<string>',
SCHEMA_NAME = '<string>',
TABLE_NAME = '<string>',
QUOTA_NAME = '<string>',
COMPRESSION_CODE = '<string>'
)
}
simple_table:
(table_factor [partition_option])[table_alias_name]
| (select_stmt) table_alias_name
| (table_reference_list)
joined_table:
table_reference [INNER] JOIN simple_table [join_condition]
| table_reference outer_join_type JOIN simple_table join_condition
partition_option:
PARTITION (partition_name_list)
partition_name_list:
partition_name [, partition_name...]
outer_join_type:
{LEFT | RIGHT | FULL} [OUTER]
join_condition:
ON expression
condition:
expression
group_expression_list:
group_expression [, group_expression...]
group_expression:
expression [ASC | DESC]
order_expression_list:
order_expression [, order_expression...]
order_expression:
expression [ASC | DESC]
row_limiting_clause:
[ OFFSET offset { ROW | ROWS } ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ { rowcount | percent PERCENT } ]
{ ROW | ROWS } { ONLY | WITH TIES } ]
pivot_clause:
PIVOT
(aggregate_function ( expr ) [[AS] alias ]
[, aggregate_function ( expr ) [[AS] alias ]... ]
pivot_for_clause
pivot_in_clause
)
pivot_for_clause:
FOR { column| ( column [, column... ]) }
pivot_in_clause:
IN
( { { expr| ( expr [, expr...] ) } [ [ AS] alias]... }
[, { { expr| ( expr [, expr...] ) } [ [ AS] alias] ...} ]
)
unpivot_clause:
UNPIVOT [ {INCLUDE | EXCLUDE} NULLS ]
( { column | ( column [, column... ]) }
pivot_for_clause
unpivot_in_clause
)
unpivot_in_clause:
IN
( { column | ( column [, column... ]) }[ AS { literal | ( literal [, literal... ]) } ]
[, { column | ( column [, column... ] ) }[ AS {literal | ( literal [, literal... ]) } ]]
)
hierarchical_query_clause:
[START WITH start_expression] CONNECT BY [NOCYCLE]
{PRIOR child_expr = parent_expr
| parent_expr = PRIOR child_expr} [ORDER SIBLINGS BY ...]
Parameters
| Parameter | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| hint_options | The hint options. This parameter is optional. | |
| DISTINCT | UNIQUE | ALL | Specifies whether to return duplicate rows in the query result.
|
|
| select_expr_list | The expressions or column names to be queried from the database, separated by commas. "*" indicates all columns.
|
|
| FROM table_references | The data source. | |
| url_external_table_references | Optional. You can directly read data from an external table by using a URL. Currently, two syntaxes are supported for URLs of external tables. For more information, see the following sections: | |
| PARTITION(partition_list) | The partition information of the queried table. For example: partition(p0,p1...). |
|
| table_factor | The name of the base table or updatable view, or the alias of a special subquery. You can also directly query a function. | |
| table_alias_name | The alias of the data source. | |
| joined_table | The join type for multi-table queries.
|
|
| ON expression | The join condition for multi-table joins. | |
| WHERE where_conditions | The filter condition. Only data that meets the condition is returned in the query result. This parameter is optional. where_conditions is an expression. |
|
| hierarchical_query_clause | Optional. The hierarchical query option. For more information, see hierarchical_query_clause. | |
| GROUP BY group_by_list | The fields to be grouped. This clause is usually used with aggregate functions. Note If no aggregate function is used in the SELECT clause, the fields in the SELECT clause must also appear in the GROUP BY clause. |
|
| ROLLUP group_expression_list | Merges groups generated by the GROUP BY clause and generates statistics. |
|
| CUBE group_expression_list | Generates groups based on all permutations of the items in the expression list and merges the groups generated by the GROUP BY clause to generate statistics.Note:
|
|
| GROUPING SETS group_expression_list | Specifies multiple data groups in a query, generates statistics for each group, and aggregates and displays the statistics of the specified groups. You can specify a single field or a field list in GROUPING SETS. |
|
| HAVING search_confitions | Filters the data of each group after grouping. The HAVING clause is similar to the WHERE clause. However, the HAVING clause can use aggregate functions such as SUM and AVG. |
|
| ORDER BY order_list | The column or columns to sort the result set in ascending or descending order. If you do not specify ASC or DESC, the default is ASC.
|
|
| row_limiting_clause | Limits the number of rows returned by a query to implement pagination. You can specify the offset and the number of rows or the percentage of rows to be returned. You can also use the ORDER BY clause to ensure the sorting order and obtain consistent results. |
|
| OFFSET | The number of rows to skip before the start of a page. offset must be a number or an expression that evaluates to a number.
|
|
| ROW | ROWS | Specifies the number of rows to be returned. This parameter ensures the clarity of the semantics. | |
| FETCH | The number of rows or the percentage of rows to be returned. If you do not specify this clause, all rows starting from offset+1 are returned. |
|
| FIRST | NEXT | Specifies the number of rows or the percentage of rows to be returned as the first or next result. | |
| rowcount | percent PERCENT | Use rowcount to specify the number of rows to return. rowcount must be a number or an expression that evaluates to a number. If a negative value is specified, rowcount is treated as 0. If rowcount is greater than the number of available rows starting from rowcount+1, all available rows are returned. If rowcount contains a fractional part, it is truncated. If rowcount is NULL, 0 rows are returned. Use percent PERCENT to specify the percentage of the total number of rows to return. percent must be a number or an expression that evaluates to a number. If a negative value is specified, percent is treated as 0. If percent is NULL, 0 rows are returned. If neither rowcount nor percent is specified, 1 row is returned. |
|
| ONLY | WITH TIES | Specify ONLY to return the specified number of rows or the specified percentage of rows. Specify WITH TIES to return additional rows that have the same sort key as the last fetched row. If WITH TIES is specified, the ORDER BY clause must also be specified. If ORDER BY is not specified, no additional rows are returned. |
|
| FOR UPDATE | An optional clause that adds exclusive locks to all rows in the query result to prevent concurrent modifications by other transactions or concurrent reads at certain transaction isolation levels.
|
|
| pivot_clause | A clause that rotates rows into columns.
Notice
|
|
| aggregate_function | Specifies an aggregate function. | |
| expr | Specifies an expression that evaluates to a constant value. pivot_in_clause supports only constant expressions. |
|
| unpivot_clause | A clause that rotates columns into rows.
Notice
|
|
| dblink_name | Specifies the name of the database link (dblink) to access. | |
| sequence_name | Specifies the name of a sequence in a remote database (such as OceanBase Database or Oracle Database) to access through a dblink. This includes computing the NEXTVAL and CURRVAL values of the SEQUENCE object. |
|
hierarchical_query_clause
In a hierarchical query, you can use a special pseudo column LEVEL in the SELECT statement to indicate the level, that is, the hierarchy of a node. The level starts from 1 and increases sequentially. This pseudo column can be used only in hierarchical queries. For more information about pseudo columns in hierarchical queries, see Pseudo columns in hierarchical queries.
START WITH start_expression: optional. Specifies the root row in the hierarchical query.CONNECT BY: specifies how to determine the parent-child relationship. An equality expression is typically used, but other expressions are also supported.NOCYCLE: when this keyword is specified, the query will still return results even if there are cycles in the result set. You can use the virtual columnCONNECT_BY_ISCYCLEto identify where the cycles occur. Otherwise, an error will be returned to the client.PRIOR child_expr = parent_expr | parent_expr = PRIOR child_expr:PRIORis a unary operator that indicates that the columns specified in the parameters come from the parent row. It has the same precedence as the unary operators + and -.ORDER SIBLINGS BY: specifies the order of rows at the same level.
Notice
If the FOR UPDATE clause is specified in a hierarchical query, the following scenarios are not supported:
- If the subquery uses the
DISTINCTkeyword or an aggregate function, theFOR UPDATEclause cannot be used. - Common table expressions (CTEs) are not supported. That is, a
SELECTstatement that contains theWITH ... AS ...clause cannot be used with theFOR UPDATEclause.
For more information about hierarchical queries, see Hierarchical queries.
table_function
The LOCATION clause specifies the path where the external data files are stored. Typically, the data files of an external table are stored in a separate directory, which can contain subdirectories. When you create an external table, the system automatically collects all files in the directory.
- For a local external table, the LOCATION clause is specified as
LOCATION = '[file://] local_file_path', wherelocal_file_pathcan be a relative path or an absolute path. If you specify a relative path, the current directory must be the installation directory of OceanBase Database. Thesecure_file_privparameter specifies the file path that the OBServer node has the permission to access.local_file_pathmust be a subpath of thesecure_file_privpath. - For a remote external table, the LOCATION clause is specified as
LOCATION = '{oss\|s3}://$ACCESS_ID:$ACCESS_KEY@$HOST:s3_region/remote_file_path', where$ACCESS_ID,$ACCESS_KEY, and$HOSTare the access information required for accessing OSS, COS, and S3, respectively.s3_regionspecifies the region information when S3 is used. These sensitive access information are stored in the system tables of the database in an encrypted manner.
- For a local external table, the LOCATION clause is specified as
The FORMAT clause specifies the file format. Supported file formats are CSV, PARQUET, and ORC.
- TYPE = 'CSV': specifies the following fields:
LINE_DELIMITER: specifies the line delimiter of the CSV file. The default value isLINE_DELIMITER=chr(10).FIELD_DELIMITER: optional. Specifies the column delimiter of the CSV file. The default value isFIELD_DELIMITER='\t'.ESCAPE: specifies the escape character of the CSV file. It can be only one byte. The default value isESCAPE ='\'.FIELD_OPTIONALLY_ENCLOSED_BY: optional. Specifies the character used to enclose field values in the CSV file. The default value is an empty string. This option is used to enclose only specific types of fields, such as CHAR, VARCHAR, TEXT, and JSON.ENCODING: specifies the character set encoding format of the file. If not specified, the default value isUTF8MB4.NULL_IF: specifies the string that is treated asNULL. The default value is an empty string.SKIP_HEADER: skips the header and specifies the number of rows to skip.SKIP_BLANK_LINES: specifies whether to skip blank lines. The default value isFALSE, indicating that blank lines are not skipped.TRIM_SPACE: specifies whether to remove leading and trailing spaces from fields in the file. The default value isFALSE, indicating that leading and trailing spaces are not removed from fields in the file.EMPTY_FIELD_AS_NULL: specifies whether to treat empty strings asNULL. The default value isFALSE, indicating that empty strings are not treated asNULL.PARSE_HEADER: specifies that the first row of the CSV file is directly obtained as the column names.Notice
PARSE_HEADERcannot be used withSKIP_HEADER.
- TYPE = 'PARQUET/ORC': no additional fields are specified.
- TYPE = 'CSV': specifies the following fields:
The
PATTERNclause specifies a regular expression pattern to filter files in theLOCATIONdirectory. For each file path in the LOCATION directory, if it matches the pattern, the external table accesses the file; otherwise, it skips the file. If this parameter is not specified, all files in theLOCATIONdirectory are accessible by default.
For data in ODPS format, data is not obtained through files, and there is no meaningful URL path. Therefore, only the source form of the table_function is supported.
- TYPE = 'ODPS': specifies the following fields:
ACCESSID: specifies the ID of the ODPS user.ACCESSKEY: specifies the password of the ODPS user.ENDPOINT: specifies the connection address of the ODPS service.TUNNEL_ENDPOINT: specifies the connection address of the Tunnel data transmission service.PROJECT_NAME: specifies the project where the table to be queried is located.SCHEMA_NAME: optional. Specifies the schema of the table to be queried.TABLE_NAME: specifies the name of the table to be queried.QUOTA_NAME: optional. Specifies whether to use the specified quota.COMPRESSION_CODE: optional. Specifies the compression format of the data source. Supported compression formats are ZLIB, ZSTD, LZ4, and ODPS_LZ4. If not specified, compression is not enabled.
location_url
The
FORMATclause specifies the file format. Supported file formats are CSV, PARQUET, and ORC. For CSV files, you must specify theparse_headerparameter to indicate whether to parse the header row. You can use the TYPE parameter to specify the export file format. For data in ODPS format, you must use thesourceclause.Here is an example:
SELECT * FROM FILES( location = '/data/', format (TYPE = 'csv', field_delimiter = ',', parse_header = true), pattern = 'datafiles$';
Examples
Read the
namedata from thetbl1table.obclient> CREATE TABLE tbl1 (id INT,name VARCHAR(10),num INT); Query OK, 0 rows affected obclient> INSERT INTO tbl1 VALUES (1, 'a',100),(2, 'b',200),(3, 'a',50); Query OK, 3 rows affected Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 obclient> SELECT * FROM tbl1; +------+------+------+ | ID | NAME | NUM | +------+------+------+ | 1 | a | 100 | | 2 | b | 200 | | 3 | a | 50 | +------+------+------+ 3 rows in set obclient> SELECT name FROM tbl1; +------+ | NAME | +------+ | a | | b | | a | +------+ 3 rows in setRead the
namedata from thetbl1table and remove duplicates.obclient> SELECT DISTINCT name FROM tbl1; +------+ | NAME | +------+ | a | | b | +------+ 2 rows in setQuery the
id,name, andnumcolumns from thetbl1table, and output thenumcolumn divided by 2 with the column nameavg.obclient> SELECT id, name, num/2 AS avg FROM tbl1; +------+------+------+ | ID | NAME | AVG | +------+------+------+ | 1 | a | 50 | | 2 | b | 100 | | 3 | a | 25 | +------+------+------+ 3 rows in setOutput the
id,name, andnumcolumns from thetbl1table based on the filter conditionname = 'a'.obclient> SELECT id, name, num FROM tbl1 WHERE name = 'a'; +------+------+------+ | ID | NAME | NUM | +------+------+------+ | 1 | a | 100 | | 3 | a | 50 | +------+------+------+ 2 rows in setQuery the
namecolumn from thetbl1table, group byname, and sum thenumcolumn. Output rows where the sum ofnumis less than160.obclient> SELECT name,SUM(num) sum FROM tbl1 GROUP BY name HAVING SUM(num) < 160; +------+------+ | NAME | SUM | +------+------+ | a | 150 | +------+------+ 1 row in setQuery the
id,name, andnumcolumns from thetbl1table and output the results in ascending order based on thenumcolumn.obclient> SELECT * FROM tbl1 ORDER BY num ASC; +------+------+------+ | ID | NAME | NUM | +------+------+------+ | 3 | a | 50 | | 1 | a | 100 | | 2 | b | 200 | +------+------+------+ 3 rows in setQuery all columns from the
tbl1table and output the results in descending order based on thenamecolumn and ascending order based on thenumcolumn.obclient> SELECT * FROM tbl1 ORDER BY name DESC,num ASC; +------+------+------+ | ID | NAME | NUM | +------+------+------+ | 2 | b | 200 | | 3 | a | 50 | | 1 | a | 100 | +------+------+------+ 3 rows in setQuery rows with a specified
idfrom thetbl1table and lock the query result rows using theFOR UPDATEclause./* Query rows with id=1 from the tbl1 table and lock them in session 1 */ obclient> SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE id=1 FOR UPDATE; +------+------+------+ | ID | NAME | NUM | +------+------+------+ | 1 | a | 100 | +------+------+------+ 1 row in set /* Query rows with id=1 or id=2 from the tbl1 table and lock them in session 2 */ obclient> SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE id=1 or id=2 FOR UPDATE; OBE-30006: resource busy; acquire with WAIT timeout expired obclient> SELECT * FROM tbl1 WHERE id=1 or id=2 FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED; +------+------+------+ | ID | NAME | NUM | +------+------+------+ | 2 | b | 200 | +------+------+------+ 1 row in setCreate the
group_tbl1table and insert data. Execute aGROUP BYquery statement with theCUBEoption.obclient> CREATE TABLE group_tbl1 (group_id INT,job VARCHAR2(10),name VARCHAR2(10),salary INT); Query OK, 0 rows affected obclient> INSERT INTO group_tbl1 VALUES(10,'Coding','Bruce',1000), (10,'Programmer','Clair',1000), (20,'Coding','Jason',2000), (20,'Programmer','Joey',2000), (30,'Coding','Rebecca',3000), (30,'Programmer','Rex',3000); Query OK, 6 rows affected Records: 6 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 obclient> SELECT * FROM group_tbl1; +----------+------------+---------+--------+ | GROUP_ID | JOB | NAME | SALARY | +----------+------------+---------+--------+ | 10 | Coding | Bruce | 1000 | | 10 | Programmer | Clair | 1000 | | 20 | Coding | Jason | 2000 | | 20 | Programmer | Joey | 2000 | | 30 | Coding | Rebecca | 3000 | | 30 | Programmer | Rex | 3000 | +----------+------------+---------+--------+ 6 rows in set obclient> SELECT group_id, salary, SUM(salary) FROM group_tbl1 GROUP BY CUBE (group_id, salary); +----------+--------+-------------+ | GROUP_ID | SALARY | SUM(SALARY) | +----------+--------+-------------+ | NULL | NULL | 12000 | | NULL | 1000 | 2000 | | NULL | 2000 | 4000 | | NULL | 3000 | 6000 | | 10 | NULL | 2000 | | 20 | NULL | 4000 | | 30 | NULL | 6000 | | 10 | 1000 | 2000 | | 20 | 2000 | 4000 | | 30 | 3000 | 6000 | +----------+--------+-------------+ 10 rows in setGroup query and count the number of rows in each group by
nameandnumfrom thetbl1table.obclient> SELECT name, num, COUNT(*) from tbl1 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(name, num); +------+------+----------+ | NAME | NUM | COUNT(*) | +------+------+----------+ | a | NULL | 2 | | b | NULL | 1 | | NULL | 100 | 1 | | NULL | 200 | 1 | | NULL | 50 | 1 | +------+------+----------+ 5 rows in setConvert rows in the
emp_phonetable to columns and then convert the columns back to rows.obclient> CREATE TABLE emp(name VARCHAR2(50), num CHAR, phone VARCHAR2(50)); Query OK, 0 rows affected obclient> INSERT INTO emp VALUES('ZhangSan', '1', '1234-5678'),('ZhangSan', '2', '3219-6066'),('ZhangSan', '3', '5365-9583'); Query OK, 3 rows affected Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 obclient> SELECT * FROM emp; +----------+------+-----------+ | NAME | NUM | PHONE | +----------+------+-----------+ | ZhangSan | 1 | 1234-5678 | | ZhangSan | 2 | 3219-6066 | | ZhangSan | 3 | 5365-9583 | +----------+------+-----------+ 3 rows in set /* Convert rows in the emp table to columns */ obclient> SELECT * FROM emp PIVOT(MAX(phone) FOR num IN (1 AS home, 2 AS office, 3 AS mobile)); +----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | NAME | HOME | OFFICE | MOBILE | +----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | ZhangSan | 1234-5678 | 3219-6066 | 5365-9583 | +----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ 1 row in set /* Convert columns in the emp table to rows */ obclient> CREATE VIEW v_emp AS SELECT * FROM emp PIVOT(MAX(phone) FOR num IN (1 AS home, 2 AS office, 3 AS mobile)); Query OK, 0 rows affected obclient> SELECT * FROM v_emp UNPIVOT(phone FOR num IN (home AS 1, office AS 2, mobile AS 3)); +----------+-----+-----------+ | NAME | NUM | PHONE | +----------+-----+-----------+ | ZhangSan | 1 | 1234-5678 | | ZhangSan | 2 | 3219-6066 | | ZhangSan | 3 | 5365-9583 | +----------+-----+-----------+ 3 rows in setQuery data from a table in a remote database.
/* Access the OceanBase database in the remote database to query data */ obclient> SELECT ID FROM tbl2@ob_dblink; +------+ | ID | +------+ | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | +------+ 3 rows in set obclient> SELECT * FROM tbl2@ob_dblink; +------+------+------+ | ID | NAME | NUM | +------+------+------+ | 1 | a | 100 | | 2 | b | 200 | | 3 | a | 50 | +------+------+------+ 3 rows in set /*Access data from the remote Oracle database.*/ obclient> SELECT ID FROM tbl2@ora_dblink; +------+ | ID | +------+ | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | +------+ 3 rows in set obclient> SELECT * FROM tbl2@ora_dblink; +------+------+------+ | ID | NAME | NUM | +------+------+------+ | 1 | a | 100 | | 2 | b | 200 | | 3 | a | 50 | +------+------+------+ 3 rows in set /*Query data from the local and remote databases at the same time.*/ obclient> SELECT t4.col1,t5.col2 FROM tbl1 t4, tbl2@ob_dblink t5 WHERE t1.col3=t2.col3; /*Query data from different remote databases at the same time.*/ obclient> SELECT * FROM tbl2@ob_dblink t_remote1,tbl2@ora_dblink t_remote2 WHERE t_remote1.col1 = t_remote2.col1;Pagination query example
Query the three employees with the lowest
empno.obclient> CREATE TABLE emp( empno NUMBER(4,0), empname VARCHAR(10), job VARCHAR(9), mgr NUMBER(4,0), hiredate DATE, sal NUMBER(7,2), comm NUMBER(7,2), deptno NUMBER(2,0), CONSTRAINT PK_emp PRIMARY KEY (empno) ); Query OK, 0 rows affected obclient> INSERT INTO emp VALUES (1839,'KING','PRESIDENT',null,'17-DEC-81',5000,null,10) ,(1698,'BLAKE','MANAGER',1839,'01-MAY-81',2850,null,30) ,(1782,'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 1839, '09-JUN-81', 2450, null, 10) ,(1566,'JONES','MANAGER',1839, '02-APR-81',2975,null,40) ,(1788,'SCOTT','ANALYST',1566, '15-JUL-87',3000,null,20) ,(1902,'FORD','ANALYST',1566, '05-OCT-81',3000,null,40) ,(1369,'SMITH','CLERK',1902, '17-NOV-80',800,null,20) ,(1499,'ALLEN','SALESMAN',1698, '20-FEB-81',1600,300,30); Query OK, 8 rows affected Records: 8 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 obclient> SELECT empno, empname FROM emp ORDER BY empno FETCH FIRST 3 ROWS ONLY; +-------+---------+ | EMPNO | EMPNAME | +-------+---------+ | 1369 | SMITH | | 1499 | ALLEN | | 1566 | JONES | +-------+---------+ 3 rows in setQuery the three employees with the lowest
empnoagain.obclient> SELECT empno, empname FROM emp ORDER BY empno FETCH NEXT 3 ROWS ONLY;Query the first 25% of employees with the lowest wages.
obclient> SELECT empno, empname sal FROM emp ORDER BY sal FETCH FIRST 25 PERCENT ROWS ONLY; +-------+-------+ | EMPNO | SAL | +-------+-------+ | 1499 | ALLEN | | 1698 | BLAKE | +-------+-------+ 2 rows in setQuery the first 25% of employees with the lowest wages, and all other employees with the same wage as the last employee from the previous query.
obclient> SELECT empno, empname sal FROM emp ORDER BY sal FETCH FIRST 25 PERCENT ROWS WITH TIES; +-------+-------+ | EMPNO | SAL | +-------+-------+ | 1499 | ALLEN | | 1698 | BLAKE | +-------+-------+ 2 rows in set
Query data from the
t1table and specify a table alias.obclient> CREATE TABLE t1 (c1 INT, c2 INT ); Query OK, 0 rows affected obclient> INSERT INTO t1 VALUES ('1','2'); Query OK, 1 row affected obclient> SELECT * FROM (t1) a; +------+------+ | C1 | C2 | +------+------+ | 1 | 2 | +------+------+ 1 row in setGenerate random numbers by using the
RANDOM()function and query theGENERATOR()function directly after theFROMclause.obclient> SELECT RANDOM(4) FROM GENERATOR(3); +---------------------+ | RANDOM(4) | +---------------------+ | 5267436225003336391 | | -851690886662571060 | | 1738617244330437274 | +---------------------+ 3 rows in setAccess the sequence value from the remote database.
- Log in to the local OceanBase Database and create a dblink to the Oracle tenant of the remote OceanBase Database.
obclient> CREATE DATABASE LINK seq_link CONNECT TO test@oracle IDENTIFIED BY test HOST '127.xxx.xxx.xxx:2828'; Query OK, 0 rows affected- In the remote OceanBase Database, create a sequence named
my_seq.
obclient> CREATE SEQUENCE my_seq START WITH 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 10 INCREMENT BY 2 NOCYCLE NOORDER CACHE 30; Query OK, 0 rows affected- Access the sequence value from the remote OceanBase Database.
obclient> SELECT my_seq.NEXTVAL@seq_link FROM DUAL; +---------+ | NEXTVAL | +---------+ | 1 | +---------+ 1 row in set obclient> SELECT my_seq.CURRVAL@seq_link FROM DUAL; +---------+ | CURRVAL | +---------+ | 1 | +---------+ 1 row in set obclient> SELECT my_seq.NEXTVAL@seq_link FROM DUAL; +---------+ | NEXTVAL | +---------+ | 3 | +---------+ 1 row in set
