LOAD DATA

Notice

• If the LOG ERRORS clause is not specified, the default behavior is normal import, which means that an error will be reported immediately upon encountering the first error.
• If the LOG ERRORS clause is specified but the REJECT LIMIT clause is not specified, it is equivalent to specifying LIMIT as 0. In this case, the operation will fail upon encountering the first error, but the first error will be recorded, and the error code will be related to the diagnostic error, i.e., "reject limit reached".

  Rules for using wildcards during multi-file direct load

  To facilitate multi-file direct load, the wildcard feature is introduced for server-side and OSS file imports, but not for client-side file imports.

  • Server-side wildcard usage

    • Matching rules:

      • Matching a file: load data /*+ parallel(20) direct(true, 0) */ infile '/xxx/test.*.csv' replace into table t1 fields terminated by '|';

      • Matching a directory: load data /*+ parallel(20) direct(true, 0) */ infile '/aaa*bb/test.1.csv' replace into table t1 fields terminated by '|';

      • Matching both a directory and a file: load data /*+ parallel(20) direct(true, 0) */ infile '/aaa*bb/test.*.csv' replace into table t1 fields terminated by '|';

    • Considerations:

      • At least one matching file must exist; otherwise, an error code 4027 is returned.

      • For the input load data /*+ parallel(20) direct(true, 0) */ infile '/xxx/test.1*.csv,/xxx/test.6*.csv' replace into table t1 fields terminated by '|';, /xxx/test.1*.csv,/xxx/test.6*.csv is considered a whole match. If no match is found, an error code 4027 is returned.

      • Only POSIX-compatible GLOB functions are supported. For example, test.6*(6|0).csv and test.6*({0.csv,6.csv}|.csv) can be found using the ls command but cannot be matched by the GLOB function, resulting in an error code 4027.

  • Wildcard usage in Cloud Object Storage Service (OSS)

    • Matching rules:

      Matching a file: load data /*+ parallel(20) direct(true, 0) */ remote_oss infile 'oss://xxx/test.*.csv?host=xxx&access_id=xxx&access_key=xxx' replace into table t1 fields terminated by '|';

    • Considerations:

      • Directory matching is not supported. For example, load data /*+ parallel(20) direct(true, 0) */ remote_oss infile 'oss://aa*bb/test.*.csv?host=xxx&access_id=xxx&access_key=xxx' replace into table t1 fields terminated by '|'; will return OB_NOT_SUPPORTED.

      • Only the * and ? wildcards are supported for filenames. Other wildcards, although allowed, cannot match any results.

  Examples

  Import data from a file on the server (OBServer node)

  Example 1: Import data from a file on the server.

  1. Set the global secure path.

     Notice

     Due to security reasons, when you set the system variable secure_file_priv, you can only modify it by connecting to the database through a local Unix socket. For more information, see secure_file_priv.

     obclient> SET GLOBAL secure_file_priv = "/";
     

  2. Log out.

     Note

     Since secure_file_priv is a GLOBAL variable, you need to execute \q to log out and make the change effective.

     obclinet> \q
     

     The return result is as follows:

     Bye
     

  3. After reconnecting to the database, use the LOAD DATA statement to import data.

     • Normal import.

       obclient> LOAD DATA INFILE '/home/admin/test.csv' INTO TABLE t1;
       

     • Enable direct load by using the APPEND hint.

       LOAD DATA /*+ PARALLEL(4) APPEND */ INFILE '/home/admin/test.csv' INTO TABLE t1;
       

  Example 2: Enable direct load by using the APPEND hint.

  LOAD DATA /*+ PARALLEL(4) APPEND */
     INFILE '/home/admin/a.csv'
     INTO TABLE t;
  

  Example 3: Import a CSV file.

  • Import all columns from the test1.csv file.

    load data  /*+ direct(true,0) parallel(2)*/
    from files(
      location = "data/csv",
      format = (
        type = 'csv',
        field_delimiter = ',',
        parse_header = true,
        skip_blank_lines = true
      ),
      pattern = 'test1.csv')
    into table t1;
    

  • Read the c1 and c2 columns from the test1.csv file in the data/csv directory and import them into the col1 and col2 columns of the t1 table.

    load data  /*+ direct(true,0) parallel(2)*/
    from (
      select c1, c2 from files(
          location = 'data/csv'
            format = (
            type = 'csv',
            field_delimiter = ',',
            parse_header = true,
            skip_blank_lines = true
          ),
          pattern = 'test1.csv'))
    into table t1 (col1, col2);
    

  Example 4: Import a PARQUET file.

  load data  /*+ direct(true,0) parallel(2)*/
  from files(
    location = "data/parquet",
    format = ( type = 'PARQUET'),
    pattern = 'test1.parquet')
  into table t1;
  

  Example 5: Import an ORC file.

  load data  /*+ direct(true,0) parallel(2)*/
  from files(
    location = "data/orc",
    format = ( type = 'ORC'),
    pattern = 'test1.orc')
  into table t1;
  

  Example 5: Import an ODPS file.

  load data  /*+ direct(true,0) parallel(2)*/
  from source (
    type = 'ODPS',
    accessid = '$ODPS_ACCESSID',
    accesskey = '******',
    endpoint= '$ODPS_ENDPOINT',
    project_name = 'example_project',
    schema_name = '',
    table_name = 'example_table',
    quota_name = '',
    compression_code = '')
  into table t1;
  

  Import data from a file on the client (local machine)

  Example 1: Import data from a local file to an OceanBase Database table.

  1. Open the terminal or command prompt window and enter the following command to start the client.

     obclient --local-infile -hxxx.xxx.xxx.xxx -P2881 -usys@oracle001 -p******
     

     The return result is as follows:

     Welcome to the OceanBase.  Commands end with ; or \g.
     Your OceanBase connection id is 3221548006
     Server version: OceanBase 4.2.2.0 (r100000032024010510-75c47d4be18a399e13c5309de1a81da5caf4e7c0) (Built Jan  5 2024 10:17:55)
     
     Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, OceanBase and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
     
     Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
     
     obclient [SYS]>
     

     Notice

     To use the LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE feature, use OBClient of V2.2.4 or later.

  2. In the client, execute the LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE statement to load the local data file.

     obclient [SYS]> LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE '/home/admin/test_data/tbl1.csv' INTO TABLE tbl1 FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',';
     

     The return result is as follows:

     Query OK, 3 rows affected
     Records: 3  Deleted: 0  Skipped: 0  Warnings: 0
     

  Example 2: Directly import a compressed file by setting COMPRESSION.

  LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE '/your/file/lineitem.tbl.gz' 
      INTO TABLE lineitem 
      COMPRESSION GZIP 
      FIELDS TERMINATED BY '|';
  

  Example 3: Specify a partition for direct load by using PARTITION.

  • Specify a partition for direct load.

  load data /*+ direct(true,0) parallel(2) load_batch_size(100) */ 
  infile "$FILE_PATH" 
  into table t1 partition(p0, p1) 
  fields terminated by '|' enclosed by '' lines starting by '' terminated by '\n';
  

  • Specify a subpartition for direct load.

  load data /*+ direct(true,0) parallel(2) load_batch_size(100) */ 
  infile "$FILE_PATH" 
  into table t1 partition(p0sp0, p1sp1) 
  fields terminated by '|' enclosed by '' lines starting by '' terminated by '\n';
  

  Import data from an OSS file

  Example 1: Enable direct load by using the direct(bool, int) hint. The file to be directly loaded is on OSS.

  LOAD DATA /*+ direct(true,1024) parallel(16) */ REMOTE_OSS INFILE 'oss://antsys-oceanbasebackup/backup_rd/xiaotao.ht/lineitem2.tbl?host=***.oss-cdn.***&access_id=***&access_key=***' INTO TABLE tbl1 FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',';
  

  Import data from a server-side file as a URL external table

  Notice

  The IP addresses in the sample commands have been desensitized. You must replace them with the actual IP addresses of your machines.

  The following example shows how to import data from a file located on the local server and in OceanBase Database in Oracle mode as a URL external table. The steps are as follows:

  1. Prepare an external file.

     Run the following command to create a file named column_conv.csv in the /home/admin/test_csv directory on the server where the OBServer node is located.

     [admin@xxx /home/admin/external_csv]# vi column_conv.csv
     

     The content of the file is as follows:

     1,short,short
     2,long_text,long_text
     3,long_text,long_text
     

  2. Set the import file path.

     Notice

     Due to security reasons, you can only modify the secure_file_priv system variable by using a local Unix socket connection. For more information, see secure_file_priv.

     1. Run the following command to log in to the server where the OBServer node is located.

        ssh admin@10.10.10.1
        

     2. Run the following command to connect to the oracle001 tenant by using a local Unix socket connection.

        obclient -S /home/admin/oceanbase/run/sql.sock -usys@oracle001 -p******
        

     3. Run the following SQL command to set the import path to /home/admin/test_csv.

        SET GLOBAL secure_file_priv = "/home/admin/test_csv";
        

  3. Reconnect to the oracle001 tenant.

     Here is an example:

     obclient -h10.10.10.1 -P2881 -usys@oracle001 -p****** -A
     

  4. Create a table named test_tbl1.

     CREATE TABLE test_tbl1(col1 VARCHAR2(5), col2 VARCHAR2(5), col3 VARCHAR2(5));
     

  5. Use the LOAD DATA statement to import data from a URL external table to the test_tbl1 table and specify error diagnostics.

     LOAD DATA FROM FILES(
         LOCATION = '/home/admin/test_csv',
         FORMAT = (
             TYPE = 'csv',
             FIELD_DELIMITER = ','),
         PATTERN = 'column_conv.csv')
         INTO TABLE test_tbl1
         LOG ERRORS REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED;
     

     The return result is as follows:

     Query OK, 1 row affected, 2 warnings
     Records: 1  Deleted: 0  Skipped: 0  Warnings: 2
     

  6. View the data in the test_tbl1 table.

     SELECT * FROM test_tbl1;
     

     The return result is as follows:

     +------+-------+-------+
     | COL1 | COL2  | COL3  |
     +------+-------+-------+
     | 1    | short | short |
     +------+-------+-------+
     1 row in set
     

  References

  • For more information about how to use the LOAD DATA statement, see Import data by using the LOAD DATA statement.
  • For more information about how to use the LOAD DATA statement for direct load, see Import data by using the LOAD DATA statement for direct load.