OceanBase Database

SQL - V4.3.0

What's New
What is OceanBase Database
- Overview
- Differences between the Enterprise Edition and the Community Edition
- System architecture
- Compatibility with Oracle
  - Overview
  - SQL data types
  - Built-in functions
  - System views
- Compatibility with MySQL
- Limitations
Get Started
- Quick start with OceanBase Database Community Edition
- Learn OceanBase SQL
  - Before you begin
  - Basic SQL operations (MySQL mode)
  - Basic SQL operations (Oracle mode)
- Build a sample application (Oracle mode)
  - Build a Java application
  - Build a C application
- Build a sample application (MySQL mode)
  - Build a Python application
  - Build a Java application
  - Build a C application
  - Build a Go application
- Try out advanced features of OceanBase Database
  - Scalable OLTP
    - Run the TPC-C benchmark in OceanBase Database
    - Try out the hot row update capability of OceanBase Database
  - Try out operational OLAP
  - Try out parallel import and data compression
  - Try out the multi-tenant feature
- Video tutorials
Develop
- Develop applications (MySQL mode)
  - Connect to OceanBase Database
    - Overview
    - Connect to an OceanBase tenant by using the mysql client
    - Connect to an OceanBase tenant by using OBClient
    - Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
    - Connect to OceanBase Database by using DBeaver
    - Connect to OceanBase Database by using Navicat
    - Use database connection pool
      - Database connection pool configuration
      - Tomcat
      - c3p0
      - Proxool
      - HikariCP
      - DBCP
      - Commons Pool
      - Druid
  - Sample applications
    - Java
      - Spring Boot
      - Spring Batch
      - Spring Data JDBC
      - Spring Data JPA
      - Hibernate
      - MyBatis
      - Connector/J
      - TestContainers
    - Python
      - mysqlclient
      - PyMySQL
      - MySQL-connector-python
    - C
      - MySQL Connector/C
    - Go
      - Go-SQL-Driver/MySQL
      - GORM
    - PHP
      - EXT
      - MySQLi
      - PDO
  - Plan database objects
    - Create a database
    - Create a table group
    - Create a table
    - Create an index
    - Create an external table
  - Write data
    - Insert data
    - Update data
    - Delete data
    - Replace data
    - Generate test data in batches
  - Read data
    - Single-table queries
    - Join tables
      - INNER JOIN queries
      - FULL JOIN queries
      - LEFT JOIN queries
      - RIGHT JOIN queries
      - Subqueries
      - Lateral derived table
    - Use operators and functions in queries
      - Use arithmetic operators in queries
      - Use numerical functions in queries
      - Use string concatenation operators in queries
      - Use string functions in queries
      - Use datetime functions in queries
      - Use type conversion functions in queries
      - Use aggregate functions in queries
      - Use NULL-related functions in queries
      - Use the CASE conditional operator in queries
      - Use the SELECT ... FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
      - Use the SELECT ... LOCK IN SHARE MODE statement to lock query results
    - Use a DBLink in queries
    - Set operations
  - Transactions
    - Overview
    - Start a transaction
    - Savepoints
      - Mark a savepoint
      - Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
      - Release a savepoint
    - Commit a transaction
    - Roll back a transaction
  - Application errors
    - Troubleshooting guidelines
      - About error codes
      - Error handling specifications for MySQL-compatible applications
    - Common errors and troubleshooting practices
      - Disconnected from the server, with ERROR 2013 reported
      - Idle transaction timed out, with ERROR 6002 reported
      - Transaction timed out, with ERROR 4012 reported
      - User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
      - Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
      - Table already exists, with ERROR 1050 reported
      - Table does not exist, with ERROR 1146 reported
      - Duplicate data inserted, with ERROR 1062 reported
      - ERROR 1215 reported in foreign key addition
      - Data truncated while being inserted, with ERROR 1265 reported
- Develop applications (Oracle mode)
  - Connect to OceanBase Database
    - Overview
    - Connect to an OceanBase tenant by using OBClient
    - Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
    - Use database connection pool
      - Database connection pool configuration
      - Tomcat
      - c3p0
      - Proxool
      - HikariCP
      - DBCP
      - Commons Pool
      - Druid
  - Sample applications
    - Java
      - OceanBase Connector/J
      - Spring Boot
      - Spring Batch
      - Spring Data JDBC
      - Spring Data JPA
      - Hibernate
      - MyBatis
      - JFinal
    - C/C++
      - OceanBase Connector/C
      - OceanBase Connector/ODBC
      - SqlSugar
  - Plan database objects
    - Create a table group
    - Create a table
    - Create an index
    - Create an external table
  - Write data
    - Insert data
    - Update data
    - Delete data
    - Replace data
    - Generate test data in batches
  - Read data
    - Single-table queries
    - Join tables
      - INNER JOIN queries
      - FULL JOIN queries
      - LEFT JOIN queries
      - RIGHT JOIN queries
      - Subqueries
    - Use operators and functions in queries
      - Use arithmetic operators in queries
      - Use numerical functions in queries
      - Use string concatenation operators in queries
      - Use string functions in queries
      - Use datetime functions in queries
      - Use type conversion functions in queries
      - Use aggregate functions in queries
      - Use NULL-related functions in queries
      - Use CASE functions in queries
      - Use the SELECT...FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
    - Use a DBLink in queries
    - Set operations
  - Transactions
    - Overview
    - Start a transaction
    - Savepoints
      - Mark a savepoint
      - Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
    - Commit a transaction
    - Roll back a transaction
  - Application errors
    - Troubleshooting guidelines
      - About error codes
      - Error handling specifications for Oracle-compatible applications
    - Common errors and troubleshooting practices
      - Idle transaction timed out, with Error ORA-24761 reported
      - Transaction timed out, with Error ORA-00600 reported
      - User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
      - Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
      - Table already exists, with Error ORA-00955 reported
      - Table does not exist, with Error ORA-04043 reported
      - Duplicate data inserted, with Error ORA-00001 reported
      - Error ORA-00600 reported in foreign key addition
      - Inconsistent data types, with Error ORA-00932 reported
Deploy
- Overview
- HA deployment solutions for OceanBase clusters
- Deploy OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition
  - Deployment process
  - Before deployment
    - Prepare servers
    - Configure servers
    - Prepare installation packages
    - Deploy OAT
  - Deploy through GUI
    - Configure deployment environment using OAT
      - Add a server
    - Deploy OCP
      - Overview
      - Upload installation packages
      - Create MetaDB
      - Deploy OCP
    - Deploy OceanBase clusters using OCP
      - Deploy a standalone OceanBase database by using OCP
      - Deploy a two-replica OceanBase cluster with the arbitration service by using OCP
      - Deploy a single-replica OceanBase cluster by using OCP
      - Deploy a three-replica OceanBase cluster by using OCP
    - (Optional) Deploy ODP
  - Deploy through CLI
    - Configure deployment environment
      - Initialize an OBServer node by using oatcli
      - (Optional) Configure the clock source
    - Deploy OceanBase clusters using CLI
      - Deploy a standalone OceanBase database by using the CLI
      - Deploy a two-replica OceanBase cluster with the arbitration service by using the CLI
      - Deploy a single-replica OceanBase cluster by using the CLI
      - Deploy a three-replica OceanBase cluster by using the CLI
    - (Optional) Deploy ODP
- Deploy OceanBase Database Community Edition
  - Overview
  - Deploy locally
    - Software and hardware requirements
    - Before deployment
      - (Optional) Check resources
      - (Optional) Set password-free SSH logon
      - (Optional) Configure the clock source
      - (Optional) Perform disk planning
      - (Optional) Configure limits.conf
      - (Optional) Configure sysctl.conf
      - (Optional) Disable the firewall and SELinux
      - (Optional) Create a user
    - Deploy through GUI
      - Deploy an OceanBase cluster through the GUI of OBD
      - Deploy an OceanBase cluster through the GUI of OCP
    - Deploy OceanBase Database in a production environment by using the CLI
    - Deploy OceanBase Database by using systemd
  - Deploy OceanBase Database in a Kubernetes cluster
- Clear an OceanBase cluster
Migrate
- Overview
- Migrate from MySQL databases to OceanBase Database
  - Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
  - Use mydumper and myloader to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
  - Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
  - Use DataX to migrate table data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
  - Use CloudCanal to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
  - Use Canal to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
  - Use Flink CDC to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
  - Use ChunJun to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
- Migrate from OceanBase Database to MySQL databases
  - Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
  - Use OMS to migrate incremental data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
  - Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
  - Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
  - Use Canal to synchronize data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
  - Use CloudCanal to migrate data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
  - Use Flink CDC to migrate data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
  - Use ChunJun to migrate data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
- Migrate from Oracle databases to OceanBase Database
  - Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
  - Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle database to an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database
  - Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
  - Use DataX to migrate table data from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
- Migrate from OceanBase Database to Oracle databases
  - Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
  - Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
  - Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
- Migrate from DB2 databases to OceanBase Database
  - Use OMS to migrate data from a DB2 LUW database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
  - Use OMS to migrate data from a DB2 LUW database to an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database
  - Use DBCAT to migrate table schemas from a DB2 LUW database to OceanBase Database
- Migrate from OceanBase Database to DB2 databases
  - Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database to a DB2 LUW database
  - Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to a DB2 LUW database
- Migrate from TiDB databases to OceanBase Database
  - Use OMS to migrate data from a TiDB database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
- Migrate from PostgreSQL databases to OceanBase Database
  - Use OMS to migrate data from a PostgreSQL database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
- Migrate from CSV files to OceanBase Database
  - Use DataX to migrate CSV files to OceanBase Database
  - Import data by using the LOAD DATA statement
- Import data from SQL files to OceanBase Database
- Migrate data between OceanBase Database
  - Use OMS to migrate data from an OceanBase tenant to another of the same type
  - Use OMS to migrate data from an OceanBase tenant to another of the same type in active-active disaster recovery scenarios
  - Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between MySQL tenants in OceanBase Database
  - Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from a MySQL tenant to an Oracle tenant in OceanBase Database
  - Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between Oracle tenants in OceanBase Database
  - Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from an Oracle tenant to a MySQL tenant in OceanBase Database
- Migrate data using SQL statements
  - Migrate data between tables
  - Migrate resource units
  - Export data by using OUTFILE statements
- Bypass import
  - Overview
  - Import data in bypass mode by using the LOAD DATA statement
  - Import data in bypass mode by using the INSERT INTO SELECT statement
Manage
- Log on to an OceanBase tenant
- Manage clusters
  - Overview
  - Cluster parameters
  - Common cluster operations
    - View a zone
    - View a node
    - Restart a node
    - Add a node
    - Delete a node
    - Isolate a node
    - Replace a node
    - Add a zone
    - Start a zone
    - Delete a zone
    - Modify a zone
    - Isolate a zone
    - View cluster parameters
    - Modify cluster parameters
    - Reset cluster parameters
    - Online upgrade from standalone deployment to distributed deployment
  - Troubleshoot common problems
    - Failures of a minority of nodes
    - Failures of the majority of nodes
- Manage tenants
  - Tenant introduction
  - Tenant capacity
  - Tenant types
  - User tenant introduction
  - Tenant system variables
  - Common tenant operations
    - Create a tenant
    - Resource isolation
      - Resource isolation overview
      - Manage resource isolation (Oracle mode)
        Configure cgroups
        Calibrate the disk performance
        Configure user-level resource isolation
        Configure SQL statement-level resource isolation
        Update a resource management plan config
        Delete a resource management plan config
        Delete a resource management plan
        Delete a resource group
        Clear cgroup configurations
      - Manage resource isolation (MySQL mode)
        Configure cgroups
        Calibrate the disk performance
        Configure user-level resource isolation
        Configure SQL statement-level resource isolation
        Update a resource management plan config
        Delete a resource management plan config
        Delete a resource management plan
        Delete a resource group
        Clear cgroup configurations
    - View tenant and resource information
    - View and set the tenant allowlist
    - View tenant system variables
    - Modify system variables of a tenant
    - Scale in/out
      - Introduction to scaling in/out
      - Modify the unit configs for a tenant
      - Modify the number of resource units for a tenant
      - Modify the number of primary zones for a tenant
    - Modify attributes of a resource pool
    - Modify attributes of a tenant
    - Lock and unlock a tenant
    - Clone a tenant
    - Cancel tenant cloning
    - Drop a tenant
    - Recover a tenant
    - Rename a tenant
    - Manage resource pools
      - View resource pool information
      - Allocate a resource pool to a tenant
      - Remove resource pools from a tenant
      - Merge and split resource pools
      - Drop a resource pool
    - Manage unit configs
      - Query unit configs
      - Modify unit configs
      - Drop unit configs
- Manage replicas
  - Overview
  - Replica distribution
    - Locality
    - Common locality operations
      - View locality
      - Modify locality
      - Add replicas
      - Remove replicas
      - Adjust the distribution of replicas
      - View the locality change history
      - Migrate units
  - Traffic distribution
  - Data distribution
- High availability
  - High availability overview
  - Multi-replica disaster recovery
    - Data link introduction
    - ODP high availability
    - Database-level high availability
    - Disaster recovery architecture and levels
  - Physical standby database disaster recovery
    - Overview
    - Limitations
    - Create a standby tenant
      - Preparations
      - Create an empty standby tenant
      - Create a standby tenant by using the backup and recovery feature
      - Create a standby tenant by using the BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG feature
    - Log transmission service
      - Overview
      - Configure log transmission service
        Specify a log restore source
        Set the log recovery endpoint
      - View log restore source information
      - View the log synchronization progress
      - Pause or resume log synchronization
      - Optimize the log synchronization performance
      - Set the log synchronization bandwidth limit
      - Set log synchronization compression
    - Log storage service
    - Switch roles
      - Overview of tenant roles
      - Switchover
      - Failover
    - Drop primary and standby tenants
  - Arbitration high availability
    - Overview
    - Enable the arbitration service for a tenant
    - Disable the arbitration service for a tenant
    - Modify the log stream downgrade control time
    - Query log stream upgrade/downgrade information
    - Replace the arbitration service for a cluster
    - Remove the arbitration service for a cluster
    - Clear residual cluster information
  - Manage recycle bin
    - Overview
    - Enable or disable the recycle bin
    - View objects in the recycle bin
    - Restore objects from the recycle bin
    - Purge the recycle bin
  - Flashback queries
- Security and permissions
  - Overview
  - Identification and authentication
    - MySQL mode
      - Identity authentication
      - Password complexity
      - Logon failure processing
    - Oracle mode
      - Identity authentication
      - Password complexity
      - Logon failure processing
  - Access control
    - Overview
    - Users and permissions
      - Overview
      - MySQL mode
        Create a user
        Privilege types in MySQL mode
        Grant privileges
        Privilege delegation
        Query user privileges
        Modify user privileges
        Lock or unlock a user
        Drop a user
      - Oracle mode
        Privilege types in Oracle mode
        Create a user
        View the information of a user
        Grant direct privileges
        Privilege delegation
        Manage roles
        Overview
        Create a role
        Grant a role to another role
        Grant a role to a user
        Activate or deactivate roles for a user
        View roles
        Modify a role
        Revoke a role
        Drop a role
        Grant indirect privileges
        Query user privileges
        Modify user privileges
        Lock or unlock a user
        Drop a user
    - Network security access control
    - Row-level access control
    - RPC connection authentication
  - Data transmission encryption
    - Overview
    - OBServer transmission encryption
    - ODP transmission encryption
  - Transparent data encryption
    - Overview
    - MySQL mode
      - Enable transparent data encryption for new tables
      - Enable transparent data encryption for existing tables
      - Decrypt a table
    - Oracle mode
      - Enable transparent data encryption for new tables
      - Enable transparent data encryption for existing tables
      - Decrypt a table
  - Security audit
    - Overview
    - Enable security audit
    - Set and view audit rules
    - View audit records
    - Audit user logon operations
    - Audit user operations
    - Audit specified database objects
- Backup and restore
  - Introduction to physical backup and restore
  - Experience physical backup and restore with simplified deployment
  - Deploy NFS
  - Log archive
    - Overview
    - Preparations
    - Enable ARCHIVELOG
    - Suspend archiving
    - Disable ARCHIVELOG
    - View information about pieces
    - View the archiving progress
    - View the archiving history
    - View archiving parameter settings
    - Change the log archive destination
    - Views related to log archiving
  - Data backup
    - Preparations
    - Initiate a full data backup job
    - Initiate an incremental data backup job
    - Stop a backup job
    - View the data backup progress
    - View the data backup history
    - View data backup parameter settings
    - Change the backup destination
    - Views related to data backup
  - Clear backup data
    - Automatically clean up expired backup data
    - Stop backup cleanup
    - Query the backup cleanup progress
    - Query the backup cleanup history
    - Backup cleanup parameter
    - Views related to backup cleanup
  - Restore data
    - Preparations
    - Perform physical restore
    - Cancel physical restore
    - View the physical restore progress
    - View physical restore results
    - Replay logs to a standby tenant
    - Convert a standby tenant into primary tenant
    - Upgrade a tenant after restore
    - Parameters related to physical restore
    - Views related to physical restore
  - Restore by table
    - Preparations
    - Perform table restore
    - Cancel table restore
    - View the table restore progress
    - View the table restore result
    - Parameters related to table restore
    - Views related to table restore
- Monitor
  - Overview
  - Metrics
    - System monitoring
      - Overview
      - Metrics
      - Wait events
      - Latch events
    - SQL monitoring
      - Overview
      - SQL audit
      - Execution plans
  - Cases
- Logs
  - Overview
  - Log levels
  - Log stability
  - Log control
  - Log metrics
  - View logs
    - Search for the logs of a specific SQL request
    - Query the log of a previous SQL request by using the SQL Trace feature
- Performance tuning
  - Overview
  - Identify bottlenecks on the data link
  - Identify bottlenecks within components
    - ODP performance bottlenecks
    - ODP performance analysis
    - OBServer performance bottlenecks
      - Overview
      - Non-optimal plan
        Non-optimal plans
        Buffer tables
        Cardinality
      - Hard parsing
      - Capacity issues
      - Internal wait events
  - SQL tuning
    - SQL tuning system
    - Execution plan optimization
      - Statistical information and row estimation
        Overview
        Statistical information
        Overview
        Collect statistical information
        Overview
        Manually collect statistics
        Automatically collect statistics
        Query statistics
        Manage statistical information
        Overview
        Delete and set statistics
        Import and export statistics
        Lock statistics
        Query historical versions of statistics and roll back to a specified version
        Configure statistics collection strategies
        Row estimation
        Overview
        Row estimation based on the selectivity
        Row estimation based on the storage layer
        Use statistical information and row estimation
      - Plan management
        Plan cache
        Disadvantages of the plan cache and countermeasures
        Views related to the plan cache
      - Index selection
        Overview
        Reduce row reads
        Avoid table access by index primary key
        Avoid sorting
      - Join order and join algorithm
        Joins
        Join algorithm
        Nested loop joins
        Hash joins
        Merge joins
        Common business issues
        Join types
        Join order
      - Order and limit optimization
        Overview
        SORT assignment and optimization
        Optimization in ORDER BY + LIMIT scenarios
    - Business logic optimization
      - SQL specifications
      - Schema specifications
    - Locate and analyze slow queries I
    - Locate and analyze slow queries II
    - Typical scenarios and cases
- Daily inspection
  - Overview
  - Check cluster parameters
  - Check the host status
  - Check tenant resource usage
  - Check cluster resource usage
  - Check the OBServer node status
  - Check the NTP offset
  - Deadlock detection
  - End-to-end tracing
    - Overview
    - Process
    - Methods
    - Show end-to-end tracing information
- Troubleshooting
  - Overview
  - Bootstrap
  - Storage
    - Minor compaction and major compaction
    - Memory-related errors
    - Migration, replication, and rebuild tasks
  - Election
    - Election
    - Leader switchover exceptions
    - Absence of the leader
  - Transaction
    - Transaction-related errors
    - Transaction rollbacks
    - Long-running transactions
    - Suspended transactions
    - Idle transactions
  - Log synchronization-related errors
  - Physical standby database
    - Log synchronization stuck for the physical standby database
    - Switchover failures
  - Backup and restore
    - Data backup failures
    - Physical restore failures
- Emergency response
  - Emergency response overview
  - Analysis, diagnosis, and decision-making procedure
  - Common emergency problem handling
    - Hardware issues
      - Node failure
      - Network failure
      - ODP failure
      - Other hardware and network issues
    - Capacity issues
      - Exceptions of SQL queries
      - Node disk I/O high
      - Node network card overload
      - Tenant memory full
      - obproxy thread exhaustion
      - Node clog disk full
      - Node data disk full
      - Tenant request queue backlog
    - Other cluster issues
      - sys tenant or RootService exceptions
      - Insufficiency or leakage of system memory
Reference
- System principles
  - Architecture of OceanBase Database
  - Development of OceanBase Database
  - Multi-tenant architecture
    - Overview
    - Compatibility modes
    - Tenants
    - Tenants and resource management
      - Tenant resource management
      - Multi-tenant resource isolation
      - Resource unit balancing
  - Database objects
    - Oracle mode
      - Introduction
        Overview
        Database object types
        Database object storage
        Dependencies between database objects
      - Tables
        Overview
        Data type
        Overview
        Character data types
        Numeric data types
        Datetime data types
        ROWID data types
        LOB data types
        Multi-model data types
        Format model
        Overview
        Number format models
        Datetime format models
        Integrity constraints
        Table storage
        Table compression
        Partitioned table
        Tables with and without a primary key
        Temporary tables
      - Indexes
        About indexes
        Local and global indexes
        Unique and non-unique indexes
        Use indexes
        Index storage
      - Partitions
        Overview
        Partitioning keys
        Partitioning types
        Partitioned indexes
      - Views
        Views in a database
        Standard views
        Standard views
        Overview
        OceanBase-specific views
        Oracle-compatible views
        View operations and data access
        Materialized views
        Materialized views
        Materialized view logs
        Creation and update strategies for materialized views
      - Other objects
        Sequences
        Synonyms
      - System views
        Dictionary views
        Performance views
      - Data integrity
        Overview
        Integrity constraint type
        Overview
        NOT NULL constraints
        UNIQUE KEY constraints
        PRIMARY KEY constraints
        FOREIGN KEY constraints
        CHECK constraints
        Use of integrity constraints
    - MySQL mode
      - Introduction
        Overview
        Database object types
        Database object storage
        Dependencies between database objects
      - Tables
        Overview
        Data type
        Overview
        Numeric data types
        Datetime data types
        Character data types
        LOB data types
        Multi-model data types
        Spatial data types
        JSON data types
        Integrity constraints
        Table storage
        Table compression
        Partitioned table
        Tables with and without a primary key
      - Indexes
        About indexes
        Local and global indexes
        Unique and non-unique indexes
        Spatial indexes
        Use indexes
        Index storage
      - Partitions
        Overview
        Partitioning keys
        Partitioning types
        Partitioned indexes
      - Views
        Views in a database
        Standard views
        Overview
        Overview
        OceanBase-specific views
        MySQL-compatible views
        Oracle-compatible views in MySQL tenants
        Oracle-compatible views in the sys tenant
        View operations and data access
        Materialized views
        Materialized views
        Materialized view logs
        Creation and update strategies for materialized views
      - System views
        Dictionary views
        Performance views
      - Data integrity
        Overview
        Integrity constraint type
        Overview
        NOT NULL constraints
        UNIQUE KEY constraints
        PRIMARY KEY constraints
        FOREIGN KEY constraints
        Use of integrity constraints
  - Distributed database objects
    - Overview
    - Cluster architecture
    - Data partitions and replicas
      - Overview
      - Log streams
      - Partition replica type
        Overview
        Full-featured replica
        Read-only replicas
      - Multi-replica consensus protocols
      - Data balancing
        Intra-tenant balancing
        Views and parameters related to data balancing
    - Dynamic scaling
      - Cluster scaling
      - Tenant resource scaling
        Overview
        Horizontal scaling of tenant resources
        Vertical scaling of tenant resources
        Cross-zone management of tenant resources
  - Data link
    - Overview
    - Database proxy
      - Overview
      - SQL routing
      - Connection management
      - ODP configuration management
      - Logs and monitoring
    - Database connector
      - Overview
      - OBCI
      - OceanBase Connector/J
      - OceanBase Connector/C
  - User interface and query language
    - SQL
      - Introduction
        Overview
        SQL data access
        SQL standards
      - SQL statements
        Overview
        DDL statements
        DML statements
        DCL statements
      - Execution process of SQL queries
      - Query SQL execution plans
      - Distributed execution plan
        Perform distributed execution and parallel queries
        Generate distributed execution plans
        Run and disable a parallel query
        Manage distributed execution plans
        Perform parameter tuning for a parallel query
    - PL
      - PL concepts
        Oracle mode
        Subprograms
        Stored procedures
        Functions
        Triggers
        Packages
        MySQL mode
        Subprograms
        Stored procedures
        Functions
        Triggers
      - PL subprogram execution mechanism
    - Client programming languages
  - Transaction management
    - Transaction
      - Overview
      - Transaction structure
      - Statement-level atomicity
      - GTS
      - Transaction control
        Overview
        Active transactions
        Savepoint
        Transaction control statements
        MySQL transaction control
        Oracle transaction control
      - Redo logs
      - Local transactions
      - Distributed transaction
        Overview
        Two-phase commit
      - XA transactions
    - Transaction concurrency and consistency
      - Overview
      - Multi-version read consistency
      - Concurrency control
        Overview
        Lock mechanism
      - Transaction isolation level
        Overview
        Transaction isolation levels in Oracle mode
        Transaction isolation levels in MySQL mode
      - Weak consistency read
  - Storage architecture
    - Overview
    - Data storage
      - Overview
      - MemTables
      - SSTables
      - Columnar storage
      - Compression and encoding
    - Compaction
      - Overview
      - Minor compaction
      - Major compaction
    - Multi-level caches
    - Query processing
    - Data integrity
      - Detect silent data corruption
  - Data reliability and high availability
    - High availability architecture
      - Overview
      - ODP high availability
      - Leader election in distributed systems
      - Multi-replica log synchronization
      - Paxos protocol
      - Automatic handling of node failures
    - Deployment solutions for disaster recovery
    - Data protection
      - Overview
      - Flashback queries
      - Recycle bin
    - Backup and restore
      - Overview
      - Backup directory structures
      - Backup architecture
      - Restore architecture
    - Arbitration-based high availability solution
    - Physical Standby Database solution
  - Database security
    - Overview
    - Authentication
    - Access control
    - Data transmission encryption
    - Data storage encryption
    - Monitoring and alerting
    - Security audit
  - OBServer node architecture
    - Structure of the OBServer node installation directory
    - Configuration files
    - observer thread model
      - Threads
      - Worker threads
      - Background threads
    - Logs
    - Memory management
      - Overview
      - Memory-related parameters
      - Memory-related views
      - Memory usage logs
      - Diagnose memory errors
- System management
  - Configuration management
    - Overview
    - Set parameters
    - Set variables
  - Storage management
    - Minor compaction management
      - Overview
      - Automatically trigger a minor compaction
      - Manually initiate a minor compaction
      - View minor compaction information
      - Modify minor compaction settings
    - Major compaction management
      - Overview
      - Automatically trigger a major compaction
      - Configure scheduled major compactions
      - Adaptive major compactions
      - Manually initiate a major compaction
      - View major compaction information
      - Manually control a major compaction
      - Modify major compaction settings
    - Data compression
      - Overview
      - Data encoding and compression
  - Memory management
    - Overview
    - Memory structure
    - Set the maximum memory for an OceanBase database
    - Manage internal system memory
    - Manage internal tenant memory
    - Manage the memory of the plan cache
    - Memleak-based regular memory leak diagnostics mechanism
    - Query memory usage information
    - FAQ about memory
  - Process management
    - Overview
    - Multi-tenant threads of OceanBase Database
    - View the thread status
    - Background threads of OceanBase Database
    - FAQ about multi-tenant threads
  - Disk management
    - Configure automatic scale-out of disk space for data files
- Database object management
  - Overview
  - MySQL mode
    - Create and manage databases
      - Create a database
      - View databases
      - Modify a database
      - Drop a database
    - Create and manage tables
      - Overview
      - Create a table
      - Column skip index attribute
      - Define an auto-increment column
      - Define column constraints
      - Query the table definition
      - Modify a table
      - Empty a table
      - Drop a table
      - Lock a table
      - Create and manage external tables
        Overview
        Create an external table
        Manage external files
    - Create and manage partitions
      - Overview
      - Create a partitioned table
      - Modify partitioning rules
      - Add a partition
      - Drop a partition
      - Truncate a partition
      - Partition pruning
      - Query data in specified partitions
      - Create indexes on partitioned tables
        Overview
        Local indexes
        Global indexes
    - Create and manage table groups
      - Overview
      - Create a table group
      - Query information about a table group
      - Add tables to a table group
      - Modify the SHARDING attribute of a table group
      - Manage tables in a table group
      - Drop a table group
    - Create and manage indexes
      - Overview
      - Create an index
      - Query indexes
      - Monitor indexes
      - Drop an index
      - System functions supported for function-based indexes
      - System functions not supported for function-based indexes
    - Manage views
      - Manage standard views
      - Manage materialized views
        Materialized views
        Overview
        Create a materialized view
        Query a materialized view
        Drop a materialized view
        Refresh a materialized view
        Materialized view logs
        Overview
        Create a materialized view log
        Drop a materialized view log
    - Create and manage sequences
      - Create a sequence
      - Query sequences
      - Reference a sequence
      - Modify a sequence
      - Drop a sequence
    - Create and manage triggers
      - Overview
      - Create a DML trigger
      - Query trigger information
      - Drop a trigger
    - Create and manage DBLinks
      - Create a DBLink
      - Query a DBLink
      - Use a DBLink to access data in a remote database
      - Drop a DBLink
  - Oracle mode
    - Create and manage tables
      - Overview
      - Create a table
      - Column skip index attribute
      - Define column constraints
      - Query the definition of a table
      - Modify a table
      - Empty a table
      - Drop a table
      - Lock a table
      - Create and manage external tables
        Overview
        Create an external table
        Manage external files
    - Create and manage partitions
      - Overview
      - Create a partitioned table
      - Modify partitioning rules
      - Rename a partition
      - Add a partition
      - Drop a partition
      - Truncate a partition
      - Partition pruning
      - Query data in specified partitions
      - Create indexes on partitioned tables
        Overview
        Local indexes
        Global indexes
    - Create and manage table groups
      - Overview
      - Create a table group
      - Query information about a table group
      - Add tables to a table group
      - Modify the SHARDING attribute of a table group
      - Manage tables in a table group
      - Drop a table group
    - Create and manage indexes
      - Overview
      - Create an index
      - Query indexes
      - Monitor indexes
      - Drop an index
      - System functions supported for function-based indexes
      - System functions not supported for function-based indexes
    - Manage views
      - Manage standard views
      - Manage materialized views
        Materialized views
        Overview
        Create a materialized view
        Query a materialized view
        Drop a materialized view
        Refresh a materialized view
        Materialized view logs
        Overview
        Create a materialized view log
        Drop a materialized view log
    - Manage sequences
    - Manage synonyms
    - Create and manage triggers
      - Overview
      - Create a DML trigger
      - Create an INSTEAD OF trigger
      - Create a composite trigger
      - Modify and drop a trigger
      - Disable or enable a trigger
      - Query trigger information
    - Manage directory objects
    - Create and manage DBLinks
      - Create a DBLink
      - Query existing DBLinks
      - Use a DBLink to access data in a remote database
      - Use a DBLink to modify data in a remote database
      - Drop a DBLink
      - Install and configure OCI
- Database design specifications and practices
  - Object naming conventions
    - Overview
    - Tenant naming conventions
    - User naming conventions
    - Table naming conventions
    - Field naming conventions
    - Other naming conventions
  - Object structure design specifications
    - Field design
    - Table structure design
    - Partitioned table design
    - Index design
    - Other structural designs
  - Character set specifications
  - Database connection specifications
  - Comments
  - ORM conventions
  - Exception handling
- SQL reference
  - SQL syntax
    - System tenants
      - Overview
      - ALTER SYSTEM
        ACTIVATE STANDBY
        SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST
        SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE
        ARCHIVELOG
        NOARCHIVELOG
        ARBITRATION
        BOOTSTRAP
        BACKUP KEY
        BACKUP
        BALANCE TASK
        CANCEL BACKUP
        CANCEL CLONE
        CANCEL DELETE BACKUP
        CANCEL MIGRATE UNIT
        CHANGE TENANT
        CANCEL RESTORE
        CANCEL RECOVER TABLE
        MAJOR and MINOR
        MIGRATE UNIT
        DELETE BACKUP POLICY
        FLUSH PLAN CACHE
        JOB
        SET LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
        PARAMETER
        RECOVER STANDBY
        RECOVER STANDBY CANCEL
        REFRESH
        RESTORE
        RECOVER TABLE
        SET DATA_BACKUP_DEST
        SERVER
        SWITCHOVER
        THROTTLE
        WASH MEMORY FRAGMENTATION
        ZONE
      - ALTER RESOURCE POOL
      - ALTER RESOURCE TENANT
      - ALTER RESOURCE UNIT
      - ALTER TENANT
      - CREATE RESOURCE POOL
      - CREATE RESOURCE UNIT
      - CREATE TENANT
      - CREATE STANDBY TENANT
      - DROP RESOURCE POOL
      - DROP RESOURCE UNIT
      - DROP TENANT
      - SET DECRYPTION
      - SET ENCRYPTION
    - User tenants (MySQL mode)
      - Basic elements
        Data types
        Overview
        Numeric types
        Overview
        Integer data types
        Fixed-point data types
        Floating-point data types
        Bit value data type
        Datetime types
        Overview
        DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP types
        TIME type
        YEAR type
        String types
        Overview
        CHAR and VARCHAR
        BINARY and VARBINARY
        Large objects and text types
        Overview
        BLOB types
        TEXT types
        LOB type
        ENUM type
        SET type
        JSON data types
        Overview
        Create a JSON value
        Query and modify JSON values
        Convert a JSON data type
        Spatial data types
        Overview
        SRS
        Create a spatial column
        Create a spatial index
        Spatial data formats
        Expressions
        Overview
        Expression syntax
        Convert data types in expression evaluation
        Character set and collation
        Overview
        Character sets
        Collations
        Database-level character sets and collations
        Table-level character sets and collations
        Column-level character sets and collations
        Character sets and collations for character expressions
        Character sets and collations for client connection
        Literals
        Overview
        Strings
        Numbers
        Datetime values
        Bit values
        Boolean values
        NULLs
        Schema object names
        User-defined variables
        Comments
      - Operators
        Overview
        Operator precedence
        Arithmetic operators
        Bitwise operators
        Comparison operators
        Logical operators
        Assignment operators
        Date and time operators
        Concatenation operators
        BINARY operator
        CASE conditional operator
      - Sequence pseudocolumns
      - Functions
        Overview
        Single-row functions
        Datetime functions
        ADDDATE
        CONVERT_TZ
        CURDATE
        CURRENT_DATE
        CURRENT_TIME
        CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
        CURTIME
        DATE
        DATE_ADD
        DATE_FORMAT
        DATE_SUB
        DATEDIFF
        DAYOFMONTH
        DAYOFWEEK
        DAYOFYEAR
        EXTRACT
        FROM_DAYS
        FROM_UNIXTIME
        GET_FORMAT
        HOUR
        LAST_DAY
        LOCALTIME
        LOCALTIMESTAMP
        MAKEDATE
        MAKETIME
        MICROSECOND
        MINUTE
        MONTH
        MONTHNAME
        NOW
        PERIOD_ADD
        PERIOD_DIFF
        QUARTER
        SEC_TO_TIME
        SECOND
        STR_TO_DATE
        SUBDATE
        SUBTIME
        SYSDATE
        TIME
        TIME_FORMAT
        TIME_TO_SEC
        TIME_TO_USEC
        TIMEDIFF
        TIMESTAMP
        TIMESTAMPADD
        TIMESTAMPDIFF
        TO_DAYS
        TO_SECONDS
        UNIX_TIMESTAMP
        USEC_TO_TIME
        UTC_DATE
        UTC_TIME
        UTC_TIMESTAMP
        WEEK
        WEEKDAY
        WEEKOFYEAR
        YEARWEEK
        YEAR
        ADDTIME
        DAYNAME
        DAY
        String functions
        ASCII
        BIN
        BIT_LENGTH
        CHAR
        CHAR_LENGTH
        CHARACTER_LENGTH
        CONCAT
        CONCAT_WS
        ELT
        EXPORT_SET
        FIELD
        FIND_IN_SET
        FORMAT
        HEX
        INSERT
        INSTR
        INT2IP
        IP2INT
        LCASE
        LEFT
        LENGTH
        LOCATE
        LOWER
        LPAD
        LTRIM
        MAKE_SET
        MID
        OCT
        OCTET_LENGTH
        ORD
        POSITION
        QUOTE
        REGEXP
        REGEXP_INSTR
        REGEXP_LIKE
        REGEXP_REPLACE
        REGEXP_SUBSTR
        REPEAT
        REPLACE
        REVERSE
        RIGHT
        RLIKE
        RPAD
        RTRIM
        SPACE
        STRCMP
        SUBSTR
        SUBSTRING
        SUBSTRING_INDEX
        TRIM
        UCASE
        UNHEX
        UPPER
        WEIGHT_STRING
        TO_BASE64
        FROM_BASE64
        SOUNDEX
        Conversion functions
        CAST
        CONVERT
        SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
        TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
        Mathematical functions
        ABS
        ACOS
        ASIN
        ATAN
        ATAN2
        BIT_COUNT
        CEIL
        CEILING
        CONV
        COS
        COT
        CRC32
        DEGREES
        EXP
        FLOOR
        GENERATOR
        LN
        LOG
        LOG10
        LOG2
        MOD
        NEG
        PI
        NORMAL
        POW
        POWER
        RADIANS
        RAND
        RANDOM
        RANDSTR
        ROUND
        SIGN
        SIN
        SQRT
        TAN
        TRUNCATE
        UNIFORM
        ZIPF
        Comparison functions
        GREATEST
        INTERVAL
        ISNULL
        LEAST
        Process control functions
        CASE
        IF
        IFNULL
        NULLIF
        ORA_DECODE
        Aggregate functions
        APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
        AVG
        BIT_AND
        BIT_OR
        BIT_XOR
        COUNT
        GROUP_CONCAT
        GROUPING
        MAX
        MIN
        STD
        STDDEV
        STDDEV_POP
        STDDEV_SAMP
        SUM
        VAR_POP
        VAR_SAMP
        VARIANCE
        Analysis functions
        APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
        AVG
        BIT_AND
        BIT_OR
        BIT_XOR
        COUNT
        CUME_DIST
        DENSE_RANK
        FIRST_VALUE
        LAG
        LAST_VALUE
        LEAD
        MAX
        MIN
        NTH_VALUE
        NTILE
        PERCENT_RANK
        RANK
        ROW_NUMBER
        STD
        STDDEV
        STDDEV_POP
        STDDEV_SAMP
        SUM
        VAR_POP
        VAR_SAMP
        VARIANCE
        Encryption functions
        AES_DECRYPT
        AES_ENCRYPT
        COMPRESS
        DECODE
        DES_DECRYPT
        DES_ENCRYPT
        ENCODE
        ENCRYPT
        MD5
        UNCOMPRESS
        UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH
        RANDOM_BYTES
        SHA
        SHA1
        SHA2
        VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH
        Information functions
        BENCHMARK
        CHARSET
        COERCIBILITY
        COLLATION
        CONNECTION_ID
        CURRENT_USER
        DATABASE
        FOUND_ROWS
        LAST_INSERT_ID
        ICU_VERSION
        OB_TRANSACTION_ID
        ROW_COUNT
        SCHEMA
        SESSION_USER
        SYSTEM_USER
        USER
        VERSION
        OB_VERSION
        JSON functions
        Overview
        Create JSON text functions
        JSON_ARRAY
        JSON_OBJECT
        JSON_QUOTE
        Search JSON text functions
        JSON_CONTAINS
        JSON_CONTAINS_PATH
        JSON_EXTRACT
        JSON_KEYS
        JSON_OVERLAPS
        JSON_SEARCH
        JSON_VALUE
        MEMBER OF
        Modify JSON text functions
        JSON_ARRAY_APPEND
        JSON_ARRAY_INSERT
        JSON_INSERT
        JSON_MERGE
        JSON_MERGE_PATCH
        JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE
        JSON_REMOVE
        JSON_REPLACE
        JSON_SET
        JSON_UNQUOTE
        Return JSON text property functions
        JSON_DEPTH
        JSON_LENGTH
        JSON_TYPE
        JSON_VALID
        JSON_TABLE
        JSON utility functions
        JSON_PRETTY
        JSON_STORAGE_SIZE
        JSON aggregate functions
        JSON_ARRAYAGG
        JSON_OBJECTAGG
        Spatial functions
        Functions that create geometry values
        Spatial operation functions
        Spatial relation functions
        Geometry property functions
        Geometry format conversion functions
        Performance schema functions
        FORMAT_BYTES
        FORMAT_PICO_TIME
        Other functions
        ANY_VALUE
        BIN_TO_UUID
        COALESCE
        DEFAULT
        NAME_CONST
        INET_ATON
        INET_NTOA
        INET6_ATON
        INET6_NTOA
        IS_IPV4
        IS_IPV4_COMPAT
        IS_IPV6
        IS_UUID
        NVL
        UUID_TO_BIN
        SLEEP
        UUID
        UUID_SHORT
        VALUES
      - Queries and subqueries
        Overview
        Subqueries
        Joins
      - SQL statements
        General syntax
        CTE
        ALTER DATABASE
        ALTER OUTLINE
        ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE
        ALTER SEQUENCE
        MAJOR and MINOR
        ALTER TABLE
        ALTER TABLEGROUP
        ALTER TABLEGROUP
        ALTER USER
        ALTER VIEW
        ANALYZE
        CREATE DATABASE
        CREATE DATABASE LINK
        CREATE INDEX
        CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE
        CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
        CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
        CREATE OUTLINE
        CREATE RESTORE POINT
        CREATE SEQUENCE
        CREATE TABLE
        CREATE TABLEGROUP
        CREATE TABLESPACE
        CREATE USER
        CREATE VIEW
        DEALLOCATE PREPARE
        DROP DATABASE LINK
        DELETE
        DESCRIBE
        DROP DATABASE
        DROP INDEX
        DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
        DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
        DROP OUTLINE
        DROP TABLE
        DROP TABLEGROUP
        DROP TABLESPACE
        DROP SEQUENCE
        DROP USER
        DROP VIEW
        EXECUTE
        EXPLAIN
        FLASHBACK
        GRANT
        HELP
        INSERT
        KILL
        LOAD DATA
        LOCK TABLES
        MERGE
        OPTIMIZE
        PREPARE
        PURGE
        PURGE RECYCLEBIN
        RENAME USER
        RENAME TABLE
        REPLACE
        REVOKE
        SAVEPOINT
        SCHEMA
        SELECT INTO
        SELECT
        SELECT statement
        JOIN clause
        OVER clause
        UNION clause
        SET
        SET CHARSET
        SET NAMES
        SET PASSWORD
        SET TRANSACTION
        SHOW
        TRANSACTION
        TRUNCATE TABLE
        UPDATE
        USE
        VALUES
      - DDL feature
        Overview
        Online and offline DDL operations
        Index operations
        Primary key operations
        Column operations
        Generated column operations
        Foreign key operations
        Table operations
        Partition operations
        Column type change rules
        Conversion rules for numeric data types
    - User tenants (Oracle mode)
      - Introduction to SQL
      - Pseudo columns
        Overview
        Hierarchical query pseudocolumns
        Sequence pseudocolumns
        ORA_ROWSCN pseudocolumn
        ROWNUM pseudocolumn
        ROWID pseudocolumn
      - Basic elements
        Built-in data types
        Overview
        Character data types
        Overview
        CHAR data type
        NCHAR data type
        NVARCHAR2 data type
        VARCHAR2 data type
        VARCHAR data type
        Numeric data types
        Overview
        NUMBER data type
        FLOAT data type
        Floating-point numbers
        Precedence of numeric data types
        Datetime and interval data types
        Overview
        DATE data type
        TIMESTAMP data type
        TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE data type
        TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE data type
        INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH data type
        INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND data type
        Calculation of dates, timestamps, and intervals
        RAW data type
        Large object data types
        Overview
        BLOB data type
        CLOB data type
        Rowid data types
        User-defined data types
        Any types
        JSON data types
        Overview
        Create JSON columns
        Query JSON data
        Conversion rules for JSON data types
        XML data types
        Overview
        XML data definition
        Create an XMLType column
        Query XMLType data
        Convert XMLType data
        Data type comparison rules
        Overview
        Numeric value comparison rules
        Date value comparison rules
        Character value comparison rules
        Data type precedence
        Data type conversion rules
        Security considerations for data conversion
        Literals
        Overview
        Text literals
        Numeric literals
        Datetime literals
        Date literals
        Timestamp literals
        Interval literals
        Format model
        Overview
        Number format models
        Datetime format models
        RR datetime format element
        String-to-date conversion rules
        NULL value
        Overview
        NULLs in SQL functions
        NULLs in comparison conditions
        NULLs in conditional expressions
        Annotations
        Overview
        Comments within SQL statements
        Comments on schema and non-schema objects
        Hints
        Overview
        Hint list
        Hints related to access path
        Hints related to join orders
        Hints related to joins
        Hints related to parallel execution
        Hints related to query strategy
        Hints related to query conversion
        Other hints
        Database objects
        Schema objects
        Non-schema objects
        Database naming conventions
        Overview
        Suggestions on schema object names
        Database object reference methods
        Overview
        Reference schema objects
        Reference objects in a remote database
        Create a DBLink
        Reference a DBLink
        Reference partitioned tables and indexes
        Reference an attribute or method of an object type
        Character sets and collations
      - Operators
        Overview
        Operator precedence
        Arithmetic operators
        Concatenation operator
        Hierarchical query operators
        Set operators
        COLLATE operator
      - Functions
        Overview
        Single-row functions
        Numeric functions
        ABS
        ACOS
        ASIN
        ATAN
        ATAN2
        BITAND
        CEIL
        COS
        COSH
        EXP
        FLOOR
        LN
        GENERATOR
        LOG
        MOD
        NANVL
        NORMAL
        POWER
        REMAINDER
        ROUND
        RANDOM
        RANDSTR
        SIGN
        SIN
        SINH
        SQRT
        TAN
        TANH
        TRUNC
        UNIFORM
        WIDTH_BUCKET
        ZIPF
        String functions that return a string
        CHR
        CONCAT
        INITCAP
        LOWER
        LPAD
        LTRIM
        NLS_LOWER
        NLSSORT
        NLS_UPPER
        REGEXP_REPLACE
        REGEXP_SUBSTR
        REPLACE
        RPAD
        RTRIM
        SUBSTR
        TRANSLATE
        TRANSLATE ... USING
        TRIM
        UPPER
        String functions that return numbers
        ASCII
        INSTR
        LENGTH
        REGEXP_COUNT
        REGEXP_INSTR
        Datetime functions
        ADD_MONTHS
        CURRENT_DATE
        CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
        DBTIMEZONE
        EXTRACT(datetime)
        FROM_TZ
        LAST_DAY
        LOCALTIMESTAMP
        MONTHS_BETWEEN
        NEXT_DAY
        NUMTODSINTERVAL
        NUMTOYMINTERVAL
        ROUND(date)
        SESSIONTIMEZONE
        SYS_EXTRACT_UTC
        SYSDATE
        SYSTIMESTAMP
        TO_CHAR(datetime)
        TO_DSINTERVAL
        TO_TIMESTAMP
        TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
        TO_YMINTERVAL
        TRUNC(date)
        TZ_OFFSET
        Generic comparison functions
        GREATEST
        LEAST
        Conversion functions
        ASCIISTR
        CAST
        CHARTOROWID
        CONVERT
        HEXTORAW
        NUMTODSINTERVAL
        NUMTOYMINTERVAL
        RAWTOHEX
        ROWIDTOCHAR
        ROWIDTONCHAR
        SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
        TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
        TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
        TO_BINARY_FLOAT
        TO_BLOB
        TO_CHAR(character)
        TO_CHAR(datetime)
        TO_CHAR(number)
        TO_CLOB
        TO_DATE
        TO_DSINTERVAL
        TO_MULTI_BYTE
        TO_NUMBER
        TO_NCHAR(character)
        TO_NCHAR(datetime)
        TO_NCHAR(number)
        TO_SINGLE_BYTE
        TO_TIMESTAMP
        TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
        TO_YMINTERVAL
        UNISTR
        Encoding and decoding functions
        DECODE
        DUMP
        ORA_HASH
        VSIZE
        Null value related functions
        COALESCE
        LNNVL
        NANVL
        NULLIF
        NVL
        NVL2
        Environment and identifier functions
        SYS_CONTEXT
        SYS_GUID
        UID
        USER
        USERENV
        OB_VERSION
        Hierarchical functions
        SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH
        JSON functions
        Overview
        Create JSON text functions
        JSON_ARRAY
        JSON_OBJECT
        JSON_ARRAYAGG
        JSON_OBJECTAGG
        Query JSON text functions
        JSON_VALUE
        JSON_QUERY
        JSON_EXISTS
        JSON_TABLE
        Validate JSON text functions
        JSON_EQUAL
        Modify JSON text functions
        JSON_MERGEPATCH
        XML functions
        Overview
        Construct XMLType data functions
        XMLAGG
        XMLATTRIBUTES
        XMLELEMENT
        XMLPARSE
        Query XMLType data functions
        EXTRACT
        EXTRACTVALUE
        XMLSERIALIZE
        XMLCAST
        Modify XMLType data functions
        UPDATEXML
        Aggregate functions
        APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
        AVG
        CORR
        COUNT
        COVAR_POP
        COVAR_SAMP
        CUME_DIST
        DENSE_RANK
        GROUPING
        KEEP
        LISTAGG
        MAX
        MEDIAN
        MIN
        PERCENT_RANK
        PERCENTILE_CONT
        PERCENTILE_DISC
        RANK
        REGR_(Linear Regression)
        ROLLUP
        STDDEV
        STDDEV_POP
        STDDEV_SAMP
        SUM
        VAR_POP
        VAR_SAMP
        VARIANCE
        WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
        GROUP_ID
        GROUPING_ID
        Analysis functions
        Analytic functions
        AVG
        CORR
        COUNT
        COVAR_POP
        COVAR_SAMP
        CUME_DIST
        DENSE_RANK
        FIRST_VALUE
        KEEP
        LAG
        LAST_VALUE
        LEAD
        LISTAGG
        MAX
        MEDIAN
        MIN
        NTILE
        NTH_VALUE
        PERCENT_RANK
        PERCENTILE_CONT
        PERCENTILE_DISC
        RANK
        RATIO_TO_REPORT
        REGR_(Linear Regression)
        ROW_NUMBER
        STDDEV
        STDDEV_POP
        STDDEV_SAMP
        SUM
        VAR_POP
        VAR_SAMP
        VARIANCE
        WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
        Information functions
        OB_TRANSACTION_ID
      - Expressions
        Overview
        Simple expressions
        Compound expressions
        Case expressions
        Column expressions
        CURSOR expressions
        Datetime expressions
        Function expressions
        Interval expressions
        Scalar subquery expressions
        Type constructor expressions
        Expression list
      - Conditions
        Overview
        Condition precedence
        Comparison conditions
        Floating-point conditions
        Logical conditions
        Pattern-matching conditions
        NULL conditions
        Compound conditions
        BETWEEN condition
        EXISTS condition
        IN condition
      - Queries and subqueries
        Overview
        Simple query
        Hierarchical query
        Compound query
        Join query
        Subquery
        DUAL table query
      - SQL statements
        DDL
        ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE
        ALTER INDEX
        ALTER KEYSTORE
        ALTER OUTLINE
        ALTER PROFILE
        ALTER ROLE
        ALTER SEQUENCE
        ALTER SESSION
        ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH PLAN CACHE
        ALTER SYSTEM PARAMETER
        ALTER TABLE
        ALTER TABLEGROUP
        ALTER USER
        CREATE CONTEXT
        CREATE DIRECTORY
        CREATE DATABASE LINK
        CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE
        CREATE INDEX
        CREATE KEYSTORE
        CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
        CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
        CREATE OUTLINE
        CREATE PROFILE
        CREATE ROLE
        CREATE SEQUENCE
        CREATE SYNONYM
        CREATE TABLE
        CREATE TABLEGROUP
        CREATE TABLESPACE
        CREATE USER
        CREATE VIEW
        DROP CONTEXT
        DROP DATABASE LINK
        DROP DIRECTORY
        DROP INDEX
        DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
        DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
        DROP OUTLINE
        DROP PROFILE
        DROP ROLE
        DROP SEQUENCE
        DROP SYNONYM
        DROP TABLE
        DROP TABLEGROUP
        DROP TABLESPACE
        DROP USER
        DROP VIEW
        RENAME
        TRUNCATE TABLE
        MAJOR and MINOR
        DML
        DELETE
        INSERT
        MERGE
        PURGE
        EXPLAIN
        SELECT
        SIMPLE SELECT
        Set-based SELECT
        WITH clause
        UPDATE
        DCL
        ANALYZE
        ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
        AUDIT
        COMMENT
        COMMIT
        FLASHBACK TABLE BEFORE DROP
        GRANT
        KILL
        LOAD DATA
        LOCK TABLE
        REVOKE
        ROLLBACK
        SAVEPOINT
        SET NAMES
        SET PASSWORD
        SET ROLE
        SET VARIABLE
        SHOW
        SHRINK
        TRANSACTION
      - DDL feature
        Overview
        Online and offline DDL operations
        Index operations
        Primary key operations
        Column operations
        Generated column operations
        Foreign key operations
        Table operations
        Partition operations
        Column type change rules
        Conversion rules for numeric data types
  - SQL specifications and practices
    - Limitations on writing SQL statements
    - SQL writing specifications
      - SELECT statements
      - DML statements
      - Multi-table join statements
      - Table scan
      - Transactions
      - Cache
      - Hint
      - Others
    - SQL statement examples
      - Implicit data type conversion
      - Join tables
      - Weak consistency read
      - Pagination queries
  - PL reference
    - What is PL
      - Overview
      - Main features of PL
      - PL architecture
    - PL reference (MySQL mode)
      - Syntax of PL stored programs
      - PL stored procedures
        Overview
        Variables in stored programs
        Stored procedures
        Stored functions
        Triggers
        Limitations on stored programs
      - PL cursors
        Overview
        Cursor execution process
        Limitations on server cursors
      - PL conditional control statements
        CASE
        IF
        ITERATE
        LEAVE
        LOOP
        REPEAT
        RETURN
        WHILE
      - PL data manipulation statements
        CALL
        DO
      - PL data definition statements
        ALTER FUNCTION
        ALTER PROCEDURE
        CREATE FUNCTION
        CREATE PROCEDURE
        CREATE TRIGGER
        DROP FUNCTION
        DROP PROCEDURE
        DROP TRIGGER
      - PL database management statements
        SHOW CREATE FUNCTION
        SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE
        SHOW CREATE TRIGGER
        SHOW FUNCTION STATUS
        SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS
        SHOW TRIGGERS
      - PL related dictionary views
        INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARAMETERS
        INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES
        INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS
      - PL exception handling
        Overview
        DECLARE ... CONDITION
        DECLARE ... HANDLER
        GET DIAGNOSTICS
        RESIGNAL
        SIGNAL
        Effective scope of an exception handler
        Diagnostics area
        Exception handling and OUT/INOUT parameters
        Limitations on exception handling
      - PL system packages
        Overview
        DBMS_MVIEW
        Overview
        PURGE_LOG
        REFRESH
        DBMS_MVIEW_STAT
        Overview
        PURGE_REFRESH_STATS
        SET_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
        SET_SYSTEM_DEFAULT
        DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
        Overview
        CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
        CREATE_PLAN
        CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
        DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
        DELETE_PLAN
        DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
        SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
        UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
        DBMS_STATS
        Overview
        ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
        CREATE_STAT_TABLE
        DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
        DELETE_INDEX_STATS
        DELETE_TABLE_STATS
        DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
        DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
        DELETE_SYSTEM_STATS
        DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
        DROP_STAT_TABLE
        EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
        EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
        EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
        EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
        FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
        GATHER_INDEX_STATS
        GATHER_TABLE_STATS
        GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
        GATHER_SYSTEM_STATS
        GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
        GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
        GET_PARAM
        GET_PREFS
        IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
        IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
        IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
        IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
        LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
        LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
        LOCK_TABLE_STATS
        RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
        RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
        RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
        RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
        PURGE_STATS
        SET_COLUMN_STATS
        SET_INDEX_STATS
        SET_TABLE_STATS
        SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
        SET_PARAM
        SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
        SET_SYSTEM_STATS
        SET_TABLE_PREFS
        UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
        UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
        UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
        DBMS_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE_MANAGER
        Overview
        ADD_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE
        DELETE_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE
        UPDATE_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE
        DBMS_UDR
        Overview
        CREATE_RULE
        DISABLE_RULE
        ENABLE_RULE
        REMOVE_RULE
        DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY
        Overview
        ASH_REPORT
        CREATE_SNAPSHOT
        DROP_SNAPSHOT_RANGE
        MODIFY_SNAPSHOT_SETTINGS
        DBMS_XPLAN
        Overview
        DISPLAY_ACTIVE_SESSION_PLAN
        DISPLAY_CURSOR
        DISPLAY
        DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
        DISPLAY_SQL_PLAN_BASELINE
        ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
        SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
      - Reserved and non-reserved PL keywords
    - PL reference (Oracle mode)
      - PL language basics
        Character sets
        Lexical units
        Declaration
        Reference identifiers
        Scope and visibility of identifiers
        Assign values
        Expressions
        PL blocks
        Subprograms
        Error-reporting functions
      - PL data types
        Overview
        SQL data types
        LOB data types
        BOOLEAN type
        User-defined subtypes
        PLS_INTEGER and BINARY_INTEGER
        Arrays
        PL JSON data types
      - PL process control
        Overview
        Conditional control
        Loop control
        Sequential control
      - PL collections and records
        Overview
        Collections
        Associative arrays
        Varrays
        Nested tables
        Collection constructor function
        Collection methods
        Overview
        DELETE method
        TRIM method
        EXTEND method
        EXISTS method
        FIRST and LAST methods
        COUNT method
        LIMIT method
        PRIOR and NEXT methods
        Records
        Insert records into a table and update a table by using records
        Create and call a subprogram with record type parameters
      - PL static SQL
        Overview
        Cursors
        Overview
        Cursor attributes
        Implicit cursors
        Explicit cursors
        Cursor variables
        Traverse cursor data by using the FOR loop
        Modify and drop a cursor
        Transaction processing and control
        Autonomous transactions
        Overview
        Control autonomous transactions
        Autonomous triggers
        Call autonomous functions from SQL statements
      - PL dynamic SQL
        Overview
        Execute dynamic SQL statements
        DBMS_SQL system package
      - PL stored procedures and functions
        Overview
        Create a stored procedure
        Create a function
        Manage stored procedures and functions
        Privilege control
        Pipeline functions
        Overview
        Create a pipelined table function
        Application
        User-defined functions
        Overview
        Interface for user-defined aggregate functions
        Create user-defined aggregate functions
        Use user-defined aggregate functions
        Collection of stored procedure information and its impact on parallel execution of SQL statements
        PL DBLinks
      - PL triggers
        Overview
        Create a DML trigger
        Modify and drop a trigger
        Disable or enable a trigger
        Query trigger information
        INSTEAD OF DML trigger
        Compound DML trigger
      - PL packages
        Overview
        Create a program package
        Overloaded programs in a package
        Manage program packages
        Definition of the PL environment by the STANDARD package
      - PL exception handling
        Overview
        Compile-Time alerts
        Exception types
        Exception handling processes
      - DDL operations on stored PL units
        Overview
        ALTER FUNCTION
        ALTER PACKAGE
        ALTER PROCEDURE
        ALTER TRIGGER
        ALTER TYPE
        CREATE FUNCTION
        CREATE PACKAGE
        CREATE PACKAGE BODY
        CREATE PROCEDURE
        CREATE TRIGGER
        CREATE TYPE
        CREATE TYPE BODY
        DROP FUNCTION
        DROP PACKAGE
        DROP PROCEDURE
        DROP TRIGGER
        DROP TYPE
        DROP TYPE BODY
      - PL label security package
        Overview
        SA_SYSDBA policy management package
        Overview
        SA_SYSDBA.ALTER_POLICY
        SA_SYSDBA.CREATE_POLICY
        SA_SYSDBA.DROP_POLICY
        SA_COMPONENTS label component package
        Overview
        SA_COMPONENTS.ALTER_LEVEL
        SA_COMPONENTS.CREATE_LEVEL
        SA_COMPONENTS.DROP_LEVEL
        SA_LABEL_ADMIN label management package
        Overview
        SA_LABEL_ADMIN.ALTER_LABEL
        SA_LABEL_ADMIN.CREATE_LABEL
        SA_LABEL_ADMIN.DROP_LABEL
        SA_POLICY_ADMIN policy management package
        Overview
        SA_POLICY_ADMIN.APPLY_TABLE_POLICY
        SA_POLICY_ADMIN.DISABLE_TABLE_POLICY
        SA_POLICY_ADMIN.ENABLE_TABLE_POLICY
        SA_POLICY_ADMIN.REMOVE_TABLE_POLICY
        SA_USER_ADMIN user label management package
        Overview
        SA_USER_ADMIN.SET_LEVELS
        SA_SESSION session management package
        Overview
        SA_SESSION.LABEL
        SA_SESSION.RESTORE_DEFAULT_LABELS
        SA_SESSION.ROW_LABEL
        SA_SESSION.SET_LABEL
        SA_SESSION.SET_ROW_LABEL
      - PL system package (Oracle mode)
        Overview
        DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO
        Overview
        READ_CLIENT_INFO
        READ_MODULE
        SET_ACTION
        SET_CLIENT_INFO
        SET_MODULE
        DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT
        Overview
        CLEAN_AUDIT_TRAIL
        CREATE_PURGE_JOB
        DROP_PURGE_JOB
        SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP
        SET_PURGE_JOB_STATUS
        DBMS_CRYPTO
        Overview
        ENCRYPT
        DECRYPT
        HASH
        DBMS_DEBUG
        Overview
        ATTACH_SESSION
        CONTINUE
        DEBUG_ON
        DEBUG_OFF
        DETACH_SESSION
        DELETE_BREAKPOINT
        DISABLE_BREAKPOINT
        ENABLE_BREAKPOINT
        GET_VALUE
        GET_VALUES
        GET_RUNTIME_INFO
        GET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
        INITIALIZE
        PROBE_VERSION
        PRINT_BACKTRACE
        SET_TIMEOUT
        SET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
        SET_BREAKPOINT
        SHOW_BREAKPOINTS
        DBMS_DESCRIBE
        Overview
        DESCRIBE_PROCEDURE
        DBMS_JOB
        Overview
        BROKEN
        CHANGE
        ZONE
        INTERVAL
        NEXT_DATE
        REMOVE
        RUN
        SUBMIT
        USER_EXPORT
        WHAT
        DBMS_LOB
        Overview
        APPEND
        CLOSE
        COPY
        CREATETEMPORARY
        ERASE
        FREETEMPORARY
        GETLENGTH
        ISOPEN
        INSTR
        ISTEMPORARY
        OPEN
        READ
        SUBSTR
        TRIM
        WRITE
        WRITEAPPEND
        DBMS_LOCK
        Overview
        ALLOCATE_UNIQUE
        ALLOCATE_UNIQUE_AUTONOMOUS
        REQUEST
        SLEEP
        DBMS_METADATA
        Overview
        GET_DDL
        DBMS_MVIEW
        Overview
        PURGE_LOG
        REFRESH
        DBMS_MONITOR
        Overview
        OB_SESSION_TRACE_ENABLE
        OB_SESSION_TRACE_DISABLE
        OB_CLIENT_ID_TRACE_ENABLE
        OB_CLIENT_ID_TRACE_DISABLE
        OB_MOD_ACT_TRACE_ENABLE
        OB_MOD_ACT_TRACE_DISABLE
        OB_TENANT_TRACE_ENABLE
        OB_TENANT_TRACE_DISABLE
        DBMS_MVIEW_STAT
        Overview
        PURGE_REFRESH_STATS
        SET_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
        SET_SYSTEM_DEFAULT
        DBMS_OUTPUT
        Overview
        DISABLE
        ENABLE
        GET_LINE
        GET_LINES
        NEW_LINE
        PUT
        PUT_LINE
        DBMS_PLAN_CACHE
        Overview
        PURGE
        DBMS_RANDOM
        Overview
        INITIALIZE
        NORMAL
        RANDOM
        SEED
        STRING
        TERMINATE
        VALUE
        DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
        Overview
        CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
        CREATE_PLAN
        CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
        DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
        DELETE_PLAN
        DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
        SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
        UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
        DBMS_SCHEDULER
        Overview
        CREATE_JOB
        CREATE_PROGRAM
        DEFINE_PROGRAM_ARGUMENT
        DISABLE
        DROP_JOB
        DROP_PROGRAM
        ENABLE
        GENERATE_JOB_NAME
        RUN_JOB
        SET_ATTRIBUTE
        SET_JOB_ARGUMENT_VALUE
        DBMS_SESSION
        Overview
        CLEAR_ALL_CONTEXT
        CLEAR_CONTEXT
        CLEAR_IDENTIFIER
        RESET_PACKAGE
        SET_CONTEXT
        SET_IDENTIFIER
        DBMS_SQL
        Overview
        BIND_VARIABLE
        CLOSE_CURSOR
        COLUMN_VALUE
        DEFINE_COLUMN
        DEFINE_ARRAY
        DESCRIBE_COLUMNS
        EXECUTE
        EXECUTE_AND_FETCH
        FETCH_ROWS
        IS_OPEN
        LAST_ERROR_POSITION
        OPEN_CURSOR
        PARSE
        DBMS_STATS
        Overview
        ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
        CREATE_STAT_TABLE
        DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
        DELETE_INDEX_STATS
        DELETE_TABLE_STATS
        DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
        DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
        DELETE_SYSTEM_STATS
        DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
        DROP_STAT_TABLE
        EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
        EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
        EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
        EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
        FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
        GATHER_INDEX_STATS
        GATHER_TABLE_STATS
        GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
        GATHER_SYSTEM_STATS
        GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
        GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
        GET_PARAM
        GET_PREFS
        IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
        IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
        IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
        IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
        LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
        LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
        LOCK_TABLE_STATS
        RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
        RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
        RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
        RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
        PURGE_STATS
        SET_COLUMN_STATS
        SET_INDEX_STATS
        SET_TABLE_STATS
        SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
        SET_PARAM
        SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
        SET_SYSTEM_STATS
        SET_TABLE_PREFS
        UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
        UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
        UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
        COPY_TABLE_STATS
        DBMS_UDR
        Overview
        CREATE_RULE
        DISABLE_RULE
        ENABLE_RULE
        REMOVE_RULE
        DBMS_UTILITY
        Overview
        ACTIVE_INSTANCES
        CURRENT_INSTANCE
        DB_VERSION
        FORMAT_CALL_STACK
        FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE
        FORMAT_ERROR_STACK
        GET_ENDIANNESS
        GET_HASH_VALUE
        GET_PARAMETER_VALUE
        GET_SQL_HASH
        GET_TIME
        IS_BIT_SET
        IS_CLUSTER_DATABASE
        NAME_RESOLVE
        NAME_TOKENIZE
        OLD_CURRENT_SCHEMA
        OLD_CURRENT_USER
        PORT_STRING
        TABLE_TO_COMMA
        DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY
        Overview
        ASH_REPORT
        DBMS_XA
        Overview
        DBMS_XA constants
        DBMS_XA_XID object type
        DIST_TXN_SYNC
        XA_COMMIT
        XA_END
        XA_FORGET
        XA_GETLASTOER
        XA_PREPARE
        XA_RECOVER
        XA_ROLLBACK
        XA_SETTIMEOUT
        XA_START
        DBMS_XMLGEN
        Overview
        CONVERT
        DBMS_XPLAN
        Overview
        DISPLAY_ACTIVE_SESSION_PLAN
        DISPLAY_CURSOR
        DISPLAY
        DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
        DISPLAY_SQL_PLAN_BASELINE
        ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
        SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
        ODCIConst
        Overview
        ODCIArgDesc.ArgType
        ODCIEnv.CallProperty
        ODCIEnv.Envflags
        ODCIIndexAlter
        ODCIIndexAlter parameter alter_option
        ODCIIndexInfo.IndexInfoFlags
        ODCIIndexInfo.IndexParaDegree
        ODCIPredInfo.Flags
        ODCIQueryInfo.Flags
        ODCIStatsOptions.Flags
        ODCIStatsOptions.Options
        Return Status
        ScnFlg
        UTL_ENCODE
        Overview
        BASE64_DECODE
        BASE64_ENCODE
        UTL_FILE
        Overview
        FCLOSE
        FFLUSH
        FOPEN
        FGETPOS
        FREMOVE
        FRENAME
        FSEEK
        NEW_LINE
        GET_LINE
        PUT
        PUT_LINE
        UTL_I18N
        Overview
        RAW_TO_CHAR
        STRING_TO_RAW
        UTL_RAW
        Overview
        BIT_AND
        BIT_COMPLEMENT
        BIT_OR
        BIT_XOR
        CAST_FROM_BINARY_DOUBLE
        CAST_FROM_BINARY_FLOAT
        CAST_FROM_BINARY_INTEGER
        CAST_FROM_NUMBER
        CAST_TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
        CAST_TO_BINARY_FLOAT
        CAST_TO_BINARY_INTEGER
        CAST_TO_NUMBER
        CAST_TO_RAW
        CAST_TO_VARCHAR2
        COMPARE
        CONCAT
        COPIES
        LENGTH
        REVERSE
        SUBSTR
        ANYDATA TYPE
        Overview
        BEGINCREATE static procedure
        ENDCREATE member procedure
        GET* member functions
        GETTYPE member function
        GETTYPENAME member function
        PIECEWISE member procedure
        SET* member procedures
        XMLType
        Overview
        CREATEXML
        GETCLOBVAL
        GETSTRINGVAL
        TRANSFORM
        XMLTYPE
      - Reserved PL keywords
  - Reserved keywords (MySQL mode)
  - Reserved keywords (Oracle mode)
- Multi-model API
  - TableAPI
    - Implementation
      - Implementation of TableAPI
      - Differences between replace and insert_or_update
      - TableAPI data models
    - Use the TableAPI client
      - Introduction to the client and instructions
      - Set client parameters
      - Use the TableAPI client
    - Use the TableAPI Go client
      - Create a Go client instance
      - Overview of the Go client
      - Individual API operations
      - Batch operations
      - About queries
      - Aggregation API
      - Filters
    - FAQ
  - HBaseAPI
    - Introduction to the HBaseAPI solution
    - HBaseAPI storage model
    - Usage instructions of the HBaseAPI client
  - Deletion of expired data
  - RPC message compression
- System views
  - Overview
  - Outline of system views
  - Changes in views in OceanBase Database V3.x and V4.x
  - SYS tenant views
    - Dictionary views
      - information_schema.CHARACTER_SETS
      - information_schema.CHECK_CONSTRAINTS
      - information_schema.COLLATIONS
      - information_schema.COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY
      - information_schema.COLUMNS
      - information_schema.COLUMN_PRIVILEGES
      - information_schema.CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS
      - information_schema.ENGINES
      - information_schema.GLOBAL_STATUS
      - information_schema.GLOBAL_VARIABLES
      - information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
      - information_schema.PARAMETERS
      - information_schema.PARTITIONS
      - information_schema.PROCESSLIST
      - information_schema.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
      - information_schema.ROUTINES
      - information_schema.SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES
      - information_schema.SCHEMATA
      - information_schema.SESSION_STATUS
      - information_schema.SESSION_VARIABLES
      - information_schema.STATISTICS
      - information_schema.TABLES
      - information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
      - information_schema.TABLE_PRIVILEGES
      - information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES
      - information_schema.VIEW_TABLE_USAGE
      - information_schema.VIEWS
      - mysql.db
      - mysql.help_category
      - mysql.help_keyword
      - mysql.help_relation
      - mysql.help_topic
      - mysql.proc
      - mysql.time_zone
      - mysql.time_zone_name
      - mysql.time_zone_transition
      - mysql.time_zone_transition_type
      - mysql.user
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVERS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_CONFIGS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNITS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OBJECTS
      - oceanbase.DBA_PART_INDEXES
      - oceanbase.DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - oceanbase.DBA_PART_TABLES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_SEQUENCE_OBJECTS
      - oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - oceanbase.DBA_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.CDB_IND_COLUMNS
      - oceanbase.CDB_IND_PARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.CDB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.CDB_INDEXES
      - oceanbase.DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESOURCE_POOLS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ROOTSERVICE_EVENT_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASES
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUPS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
      - oceanbase.CDB_OBJECTS
      - oceanbase.CDB_PART_INDEXES
      - oceanbase.CDB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - oceanbase.CDB_PART_TABLES
      - oceanbase.CDB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - oceanbase.CDB_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
      - oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
      - oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS
      - oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS_V$
      - oceanbase.CDB_TAB_PARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.CDB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.CDB_TABLES
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINE_CONCURRENT_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_SYS_VARIABLES
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_COLUMN_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATISTICS
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
      - oceanbase.DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS
      - oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
      - oceanbase.DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS
      - oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_IND_STATISTICS
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
      - oceanbase.DBA_SQL_MANAGEMENT_CONFIG
      - information_schema.QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_EVENT_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_FREEZE_INFO
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_FREEZE_INFO
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
      - oceanbase.DBA_SEQUENCES
      - oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_USERS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_USERS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_USER_DEFINED_RULES
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_CLUSTER_EVENT_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_RSRC_IO_DIRECTIVES
      - oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLANS
      - oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
      - oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
      - oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATA_DICTIONARY_IN_LOG
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATA_DICTIONARY_IN_LOG
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TASK_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_STAT_STALE_INFO
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
      - oceanbase.ALL_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOBS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOB_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_JOB_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_TASKS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TRANSFER_TASKS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TRANSFER_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_ACCESS_POINT
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ACCESS_POINT
      - oceanbase.DBA_DB_LINKS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TENANT_EVENT_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_EVENT_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_WR_SNAPSHOT
      - oceanbase.CDB_WR_SNAPSHOT
      - oceanbase.DBA_WR_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_WR_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_WR_STATNAME
      - oceanbase.CDB_WR_STATNAME
      - oceanbase.DBA_WR_SYSSTAT
      - oceanbase.CDB_WR_SYSSTAT
      - oceanbase.DBA_WR_CONTROL
      - oceanbase.CDB_WR_CONTROL
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOBS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOBS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASKS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_KV_TTL_TASKS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_KV_TTL_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_KV_TTL_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_KV_TTL_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASKS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASK_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_CLONE_PROGRESS
      - DBA_OB_CLONE_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_WR_SYSTEM_EVENT
      - oceanbase.DBA_WR_SYSTEM_EVENT
      - oceanbase.CDB_WR_EVENT_NAME
      - oceanbase.DBA_WR_EVENT_NAME
      - oceanbase.CDB_WR_SQLSTAT
      - oceanbase.DBA_WR_SQLSTAT
      - oceanbase.CDB_WR_SYS_TIME_MODEL
      - oceanbase.DBA_WR_SYS_TIME_MODEL
      - oceanbase.CDB_WR_SQLTEXT
      - oceanbase.DBA_WR_SQLTEXT
      - CDB_MVIEW_LOGS
      - CDB_MVIEWS
      - CDB_MVREF_STATS_SYS_DEFAULTS
      - CDB_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
      - CDB_MVREF_RUN_STATS
      - CDB_MVREF_STATS
      - CDB_MVREF_CHANGE_STATS
      - CDB_MVREF_STMT_STATS
      - DBA_MVIEW_LOGS
      - DBA_MVIEWS
      - DBA_MVREF_STATS_SYS_DEFAULTS
      - DBA_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
      - DBA_MVREF_RUN_STATS
      - DBA_MVREF_STATS
      - DBA_MVREF_CHANGE_STATS
      - DBA_MVREF_STMT_STATS
      - CDB_INDEX_USAGE
      - DBA_INDEX_USAGE
      - CDB_OB_AUX_STATISTICS
      - DBA_OB_AUX_STATISTICS
      - DBA_OB_TRUSTED_ROOT_CERTIFICATE
    - Performance views
      - GV$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
      - GV$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
      - GV$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
      - GV$OB_KVCACHE
      - GV$OB_PARAMETERS
      - GV$OB_PROCESSLIST
      - GV$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
      - GV$OB_SERVERS
      - GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
      - GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
      - GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
      - GV$OB_UNITS
      - GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
      - GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
      - GV$SESSION_EVENT
      - GV$SESSION_WAIT
      - GV$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
      - GV$SYSTEM_EVENT
      - GV$SESSTAT
      - GV$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
      - GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
      - GV$LATCH
      - GV$OB_MEMORY
      - GV$OB_MEMSTORE
      - GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
      - GV$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
      - GV$OB_RPC_INCOMING
      - GV$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
      - GV$SYSSTAT
      - GV$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
      - GV$DML_STATS
      - GV$SESSION_LONGOPS
      - GV$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
      - GV$OB_PS_STAT
      - GV$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
      - GV$SQL_WORKAREA
      - GV$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
      - GV$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
      - GV$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
      - GV$OB_MERGE_INFO
      - GV$OB_SSTABLES
      - GV$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
      - V$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
      - V$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
      - V$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
      - V$OB_KVCACHE
      - V$OB_PARAMETERS
      - V$OB_PROCESSLIST
      - V$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
      - V$OB_SERVERS
      - V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
      - V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
      - V$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
      - V$OB_UNITS
      - V$STATNAME
      - V$EVENT_NAME
      - V$SESSION_WAIT
      - V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
      - V$SESSTAT
      - V$SYSTEM_EVENT
      - V$OB_MEMORY
      - V$OB_MEMSTORE
      - V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
      - V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
      - V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
      - V$OB_SQL_AUDIT
      - V$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
      - V$OB_RPC_INCOMING
      - V$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
      - V$SESSION_LONGOPS
      - V$LATCH
      - V$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
      - V$OB_PS_STAT
      - V$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
      - V$SQL_WORKAREA
      - V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
      - V$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
      - V$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
      - V$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
      - V$OB_MERGE_INFO
      - V$SQL_MONITOR_STATNAME
      - V$OB_ENCRYPTED_TABLES
      - V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES
      - V$OB_SSTABLES
      - V$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
      - GV$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
      - GV$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
      - V$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
      - GV$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
      - V$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
      - GV$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
      - V$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
      - V$SYSSTAT
      - V$SESSION_EVENT
      - V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
      - V$DML_STATS
      - GV$OB_LOG_STAT
      - V$OB_LOG_STAT
      - V$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
      - V$OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_PLAN
      - V$OB_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS
      - V$RSRC_PLAN
      - GV$OB_THREAD
      - V$OB_THREAD
      - GV$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
      - V$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
      - GV$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
      - V$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
      - GV$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
      - V$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
      - GV$OB_LOCKS
      - V$OB_LOCKS
      - V$OB_LS_LOG_RESTORE_STATUS
      - V$OB_TIMESTAMP_SERVICE
      - GV$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
      - V$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
      - GV$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
      - V$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
      - GV$OB_SQL_PLAN
      - V$OB_SQL_PLAN
      - GV$OB_TENANT_RUNTIME_INFO
      - V$OB_TENANT_RUNTIME_INFO
      - GV$OB_FLT_TRACE_CONFIG
      - GV$OB_LS_SNAPSHOTS
      - V$OB_LS_SNAPSHOTS
      - GV$OB_SQLSTAT
      - V$OB_SQLSTAT
      - GV$OB_SESS_TIME_MODEL
      - V$OB_SESS_TIME_MODEL
      - GV$OB_SYS_TIME_MODEL
      - V$OB_SYS_TIME_MODEL
      - GV$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
      - V$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
      - GV$OB_SESSION
      - V$OB_SESSION
  - MySQL tenant views
    - Dictionary views
      - information_schema.CHARACTER_SETS
      - information_schema.CHECK_CONSTRAINTS
      - information_schema.COLLATIONS
      - information_schema.COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY
      - information_schema.COLUMNS
      - information_schema.COLUMN_PRIVILEGES
      - information_schema.CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS
      - information_schema.ENGINES
      - information_schema.GLOBAL_STATUS
      - information_schema.GLOBAL_VARIABLES
      - information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
      - information_schema.PARAMETERS
      - information_schema.PARTITIONS
      - information_schema.PROCESSLIST
      - information_schema.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
      - information_schema.ROUTINES
      - information_schema.SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES
      - information_schema.SCHEMATA
      - information_schema.SESSION_STATUS
      - information_schema.SESSION_VARIABLES
      - information_schema.STATISTICS
      - information_schema.TABLES
      - information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
      - information_schema.TABLE_PRIVILEGES
      - information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES
      - information_schema.VIEW_TABLE_USAGE
      - information_schema.VIEWS
      - mysql.db
      - mysql.help_category
      - mysql.help_keyword
      - mysql.help_relation
      - mysql.help_topic
      - mysql.proc
      - mysql.time_zone
      - mysql.time_zone_name
      - mysql.time_zone_transition
      - mysql.time_zone_transition_type
      - mysql.user
      - oceanbase.DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
      - oceanbase.DBA_OBJECTS
      - oceanbase.DBA_PART_INDEXES
      - oceanbase.DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - oceanbase.DBA_PART_TABLES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_SEQUENCE_OBJECTS
      - oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - oceanbase.DBA_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINE_CONCURRENT_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATISTICS
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
      - oceanbase.DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS
      - oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
      - oceanbase.DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS
      - oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_IND_STATISTICS
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
      - oceanbase.DBA_SQL_MANAGEMENT_CONFIG
      - information_schema.QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_FREEZE_INFO
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
      - oceanbase.DBA_SEQUENCES
      - oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_USERS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_USER_DEFINED_RULES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
      - information_schema.ST_GEOMETRY_COLUMNS
      - information_schema.ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_RSRC_IO_DIRECTIVES
      - oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLANS
      - oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
      - oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
      - oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATA_DICTIONARY_IN_LOG
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TASK_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_STAT_STALE_INFO
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
      - oceanbase.ALL_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOB_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ACCESS_POINT
      - oceanbase.DBA_DB_LINKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_EVENT_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_WR_SNAPSHOT
      - oceanbase.DBA_WR_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_WR_STATNAME
      - oceanbase.DBA_WR_SYSSTAT
      - oceanbase.DBA_WR_CONTROL
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_KV_TTL_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_KV_TTL_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_WR_SYSTEM_EVENT
      - oceanbase.DBA_WR_EVENT_NAME
      - oceanbase.DBA_WR_SQLSTAT
      - oceanbase.DBA_WR_SYS_TIME_MODEL
      - oceanbase.DBA_WR_SQLTEXT
      - DBA_MVIEW_LOGS
      - DBA_MVIEWS
      - DBA_MVREF_STATS_SYS_DEFAULTS
      - DBA_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
      - DBA_MVREF_RUN_STATS
      - DBA_MVREF_STATS
      - DBA_MVREF_CHANGE_STATS
      - DBA_MVREF_STMT_STATS
      - DBA_INDEX_USAGE
      - DBA_OB_AUX_STATISTICS
    - Performance views
      - GV$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
      - GV$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
      - GV$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
      - GV$OB_KVCACHE
      - GV$OB_PARAMETERS
      - GV$OB_PROCESSLIST
      - GV$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
      - GV$OB_SERVERS
      - GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
      - GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
      - GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
      - GV$OB_UNITS
      - GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
      - GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
      - GV$SESSION_EVENT
      - GV$SESSION_WAIT
      - GV$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
      - GV$SYSTEM_EVENT
      - GV$SESSTAT
      - GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
      - GV$LATCH
      - GV$OB_MEMORY
      - GV$OB_MEMSTORE
      - GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
      - GV$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
      - GV$OB_RPC_INCOMING
      - GV$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
      - GV$SESSION_LONGOPS
      - GV$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
      - GV$OB_PS_STAT
      - GV$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
      - GV$SQL_WORKAREA
      - GV$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
      - GV$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
      - GV$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
      - GV$OB_MERGE_INFO
      - GV$OB_SSTABLES
      - GV$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
      - V$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
      - V$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
      - V$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
      - V$OB_KVCACHE
      - V$OB_PARAMETERS
      - V$OB_PROCESSLIST
      - V$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
      - V$OB_SERVERS
      - V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
      - V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
      - V$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
      - V$OB_UNITS
      - V$STATNAME
      - V$EVENT_NAME
      - V$SESSION_WAIT
      - V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
      - V$SESSTAT
      - V$SYSTEM_EVENT
      - V$OB_MEMORY
      - V$OB_MEMSTORE
      - V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
      - V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
      - V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
      - V$OB_SQL_AUDIT
      - V$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
      - V$OB_RPC_INCOMING
      - V$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
      - V$SESSION_LONGOPS
      - V$LATCH
      - V$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
      - V$OB_PS_STAT
      - V$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
      - V$SQL_WORKAREA
      - V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
      - V$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
      - V$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
      - V$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
      - V$OB_MERGE_INFO
      - V$SQL_MONITOR_STATNAME
      - V$OB_ENCRYPTED_TABLES
      - V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES
      - V$OB_SSTABLES
      - V$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
      - GV$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
      - GV$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
      - V$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
      - GV$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
      - V$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
      - GV$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
      - V$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
      - GV$SYSSTAT
      - V$SYSSTAT
      - V$SESSION_EVENT
      - GV$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
      - V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
      - GV$DML_STATS
      - V$DML_STATS
      - GV$OB_LOG_STAT
      - V$OB_LOG_STAT
      - GV$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
      - V$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
      - V$OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_PLAN
      - V$OB_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS
      - V$RSRC_PLAN
      - GV$OB_THREAD
      - V$OB_THREAD
      - GV$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
      - V$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
      - GV$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
      - V$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
      - GV$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
      - V$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
      - GV$OB_LOCKS
      - V$OB_LOCKS
      - V$OB_LS_LOG_RESTORE_STATUS
      - V$OB_TIMESTAMP_SERVICE
      - GV$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
      - V$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
      - GV$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
      - V$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
      - GV$OB_SQL_PLAN
      - V$OB_SQL_PLAN
      - GV$OB_FLT_TRACE_CONFIG
      - GV$OB_LS_SNAPSHOTS
      - V$OB_LS_SNAPSHOTS
      - GV$OB_SQLSTAT
      - V$OB_SQLSTAT
      - GV$OB_SESS_TIME_MODEL
      - V$OB_SESS_TIME_MODEL
      - GV$OB_SYS_TIME_MODEL
      - V$OB_SYS_TIME_MODEL
      - GV$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
      - V$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
      - GV$OB_SESSION
      - V$OB_SESSION
  - Oracle tenant views
    - Dictionary views
      - ALL_ALL_TABLES
      - ALL_ARGUMENTS
      - ALL_COL_COMMENTS
      - ALL_COLL_TYPES
      - ALL_COL_PRIVS
      - ALL_CONSTRAINTS
      - ALL_CONS_COLUMNS
      - ALL_DEF_AUDIT_OPTS
      - ALL_ERRORS
      - ALL_INDEXES
      - ALL_IND_COLUMNS
      - ALL_IND_EXPRESSIONS
      - ALL_IND_PARTITIONS
      - ALL_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
      - ALL_METHOD_PARAMS
      - ALL_OBJECTS
      - ALL_PART_INDEXES
      - ALL_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - ALL_PART_TABLES
      - ALL_PROCEDURES
      - ALL_PROFILES
      - ALL_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
      - ALL_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
      - ALL_SEQUENCES
      - ALL_SOURCE
      - ALL_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
      - ALL_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - ALL_SYNONYMS
      - ALL_TABLES
      - ALL_TAB_COLS
      - ALL_TAB_COLUMNS
      - ALL_TAB_COMMENTS
      - ALL_TAB_PARTITIONS
      - ALL_TAB_PRIVS
      - ALL_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
      - ALL_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
      - ALL_TRIGGERS
      - ALL_TYPES
      - ALL_TYPE_ATTRS
      - ALL_TYPE_METHODS
      - ALL_USERS
      - ALL_VIEWS
      - ALL_DIRECTORIES
      - ALL_DEPENDENCIES
      - ALL_PART_COL_STATISTICS
      - ALL_PART_HISTOGRAMS
      - ALL_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
      - ALL_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
      - ALL_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
      - ALL_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
      - ALL_TAB_STATISTICS
      - AUDIT_ACTIONS
      - DBA_ALL_TABLES
      - DBA_ARGUMENTS
      - DBA_AUDIT_EXISTS
      - DBA_AUDIT_OBJECT
      - DBA_AUDIT_SESSION
      - DBA_AUDIT_STATEMENT
      - DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL
      - DBA_COLL_TYPES
      - DBA_COL_COMMENTS
      - DBA_COL_PRIVS
      - DBA_CONSTRAINTS
      - DBA_CONS_COLUMNS
      - DBA_CONTEXT
      - DBA_ERRORS
      - DBA_INDEXES
      - DBA_IND_COLUMNS
      - DBA_IND_EXPRESSIONS
      - DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
      - DBA_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
      - DBA_OB_DATABASES
      - DBA_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
      - DBA_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
      - DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
      - DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
      - DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
      - DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS
      - DBA_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
      - DBA_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
      - DBA_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
      - DBA_METHOD_PARAMS
      - DBA_OBJECTS
      - DBA_OBJ_AUDIT_OPTS
      - DBA_PART_INDEXES
      - DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - DBA_PART_TABLES
      - DBA_PROCEDURES
      - DBA_PROFILES
      - DBA_ROLES
      - DBA_ROLE_PRIVS
      - DBA_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
      - DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS
      - DBA_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM
      - DBA_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
      - DBA_SEGMENTS
      - DBA_SOURCE
      - DBA_STMT_AUDIT_OPTS
      - DBA_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
      - DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - DBA_SYNONYMS
      - DBA_SYS_PRIVS
      - DBA_TABLES
      - DBA_TABLESPACES
      - DBA_TAB_COLS
      - DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
      - DBA_TAB_COMMENTS
      - DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
      - DBA_TAB_PRIVS
      - DBA_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
      - DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
      - DBA_TRIGGERS
      - DBA_TYPES
      - DBA_TYPE_ATTRS
      - DBA_TYPE_METHODS
      - DBA_USERS
      - DBA_VIEWS
      - DBA_RECYCLEBIN
      - DBA_DEPENDENCIES
      - DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
      - DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
      - DBA_RSRC_PLANS
      - DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
      - DBA_DIRECTORIES
      - DBA_JOBS
      - DBA_JOBS_RUNNING
      - DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS
      - DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS
      - DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
      - DBA_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
      - DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
      - DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
      - DBA_TAB_STATISTICS
      - NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
      - NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
      - NLS_SESSION_PARAMETERS
      - STMT_AUDIT_OPTION_MAP
      - TENANT_VIRTUAL_GLOBAL_VARIABLE
      - TENANT_VIRTUAL_SESSION_VARIABLE
      - USER_ALL_TABLES
      - USER_ARGUMENTS
      - USER_AUDIT_OBJECT
      - USER_AUDIT_SESSION
      - USER_AUDIT_STATEMENT
      - USER_AUDIT_TRAIL
      - USER_COLL_TYPES
      - USER_COL_COMMENTS
      - USER_COL_PRIVS
      - USER_CONSTRAINTS
      - USER_CONS_COLUMNS
      - USER_ERRORS
      - USER_INDEXES
      - USER_IND_COLUMNS
      - USER_IND_EXPRESSIONS
      - USER_IND_PARTITIONS
      - USER_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
      - USER_OBJECTS
      - USER_PART_INDEXES
      - USER_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - USER_PART_TABLES
      - USER_PROCEDURES
      - USER_PROFILES
      - USER_ROLE_PRIVS
      - USER_SEGMENTS
      - USER_SEQUENCES
      - USER_SOURCE
      - USER_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
      - USER_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - USER_SYNONYMS
      - USER_SYS_PRIVS
      - USER_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
      - USER_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
      - USER_TRIGGERS
      - USER_TABLES
      - USER_TABLESPACES
      - USER_TAB_COLS
      - USER_TAB_COLUMNS
      - USER_TAB_COMMENTS
      - USER_TAB_PARTITIONS
      - USER_TAB_PRIVS
      - USER_TYPES
      - USER_TYPE_ATTRS
      - USER_TYPE_METHODS
      - USER_VIEWS
      - USER_JOBS
      - USER_RECYCLEBIN
      - USER_DEPENDENCIES
      - USER_PART_COL_STATISTICS
      - USER_PART_HISTOGRAMS
      - USER_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
      - USER_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
      - USER_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
      - USER_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
      - USER_TAB_STATISTICS
      - ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
      - ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
      - ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
      - DICTIONARY
      - DICT
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
      - DBA_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
      - DBA_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG
      - DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
      - DBA_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
      - DBA_OB_OUTLINE_CONCURRENT_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_OUTLINES
      - DBA_OB_CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
      - DBA_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
      - ALL_IND_STATISTICS
      - DBA_IND_STATISTICS
      - USER_IND_STATISTICS
      - ALL_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
      - DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
      - USER_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
      - DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
      - DBA_SQL_MANAGEMENT_CONFIG
      - USER_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
      - USER_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
      - DBA_OB_LS
      - DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
      - DBA_OB_FREEZE_INFO
      - DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
      - DBA_SEQUENCES
      - DBA_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
      - ALL_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
      - DBA_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
      - DBA_OB_USER_DEFINED_RULES
      - DBA_OB_TENANTS
      - DBA_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
      - DBA_POLICIES
      - ALL_POLICIES
      - USER_POLICIES
      - DBA_POLICY_GROUPS
      - ALL_POLICY_GROUPS
      - USER_POLICY_GROUPS
      - DBA_POLICY_CONTEXTS
      - ALL_POLICY_CONTEXTS
      - USER_POLICY_CONTEXTS
      - DBA_SEC_RELEVANT_COLS
      - ALL_SEC_RELEVANT_COLS
      - USER_SEC_RELEVANT_COLS
      - DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
      - DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
      - ALL_TRIGGER_ORDERING
      - DBA_TRIGGER_ORDERING
      - USER_TRIGGER_ORDERING
      - DBA_OB_RSRC_IO_DIRECTIVES
      - ALL_DB_LINKS
      - DBA_DB_LINKS
      - USER_DB_LINKS
      - DBA_OB_DATA_DICTIONARY_IN_LOG
      - DBA_OB_TASK_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_TABLE_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
      - DBA_OB_TABLE_STAT_STALE_INFO
      - DBA_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
      - ALL_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
      - DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOBS
      - DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOB_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASKS
      - DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASK_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_TRANSFER_TASKS
      - DBA_OB_TRANSFER_TASK_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_ACCESS_POINT
      - DBA_OB_LS_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_TENANT_EVENT_HISTORY
      - DBA_SCHEDULER_JOB_RUN_DETAILS
      - DBA_WR_SNAPSHOT
      - DBA_WR_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
      - DBA_WR_STATNAME
      - DBA_WR_SYSSTAT
      - DBA_WR_CONTROL
      - DBA_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOBS
      - DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOBS
      - DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASKS
      - DBA_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASK_HISTORY
      - DBMS_LOCK_ALLOCATED
      - USER_USERS
      - DBA_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASKS
      - DBA_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASK_HISTORY
      - DBA_WR_SYSTEM_EVENT
      - DBA_WR_EVENT_NAME
      - DBA_WR_SQLSTAT
      - DBA_WR_SYS_TIME_MODEL
      - DBA_WR_SQLTEXT
      - ALL_MVIEW_LOGS
      - DBA_MVIEW_LOGS
      - USER_MVIEW_LOGS
      - DBA_MVIEWS
      - ALL_MVIEWS
      - USER_MVIEWS
      - DBA_MVREF_STATS_SYS_DEFAULTS
      - USER_MVREF_STATS_SYS_DEFAULTS
      - DBA_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
      - USER_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
      - DBA_MVREF_RUN_STATS
      - USER_MVREF_RUN_STATS
      - DBA_MVREF_STATS
      - USER_MVREF_STATS
      - DBA_MVREF_CHANGE_STATS
      - USER_MVREF_CHANGE_STATS
      - DBA_MVREF_STMT_STATS
      - USER_MVREF_STMT_STATS
      - DBA_INDEX_USAGE
      - DBA_OB_AUX_STATISTICS
    - Performance views
      - GV$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
      - GV$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
      - GV$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
      - GV$OB_KVCACHE
      - GV$OB_PARAMETERS
      - GV$OB_PROCESSLIST
      - GV$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
      - GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
      - GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
      - GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
      - GV$OB_UNITS
      - GV$DBLINK
      - GV$INSTANCE
      - GV$OB_MEMORY
      - GV$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
      - GV$OB_MEMSTORE
      - GV$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
      - GV$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
      - GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
      - GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
      - GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
      - GV$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
      - GV$OB_PS_STAT
      - GV$SESSION_WAIT
      - GV$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
      - GV$SESSTAT
      - GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
      - GV$SQL_WORKAREA
      - GV$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
      - GV$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
      - GV$SYSTEM_EVENT
      - GV$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
      - GV$OB_SSTABLES
      - GV$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
      - V$GLOBALCONTEXT
      - V$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
      - V$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
      - V$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
      - V$OB_KVCACHE
      - V$OB_PARAMETERS
      - V$OB_PROCESSLIST
      - V$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
      - V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
      - V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
      - V$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
      - V$OB_UNITS
      - V$DBLINK
      - V$INSTANCE
      - V$OB_MEMORY
      - V$OB_MEMSTORE
      - V$NLS_PARAMETERS
      - V$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
      - V$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
      - V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
      - V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
      - V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
      - V$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
      - V$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
      - V$OB_PS_STAT
      - V$SESSION_WAIT
      - V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
      - V$SESSTAT
      - V$OB_SQL_AUDIT
      - V$SQL_WORKAREA
      - V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
      - V$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
      - V$SYSTEM_EVENT
      - V$VERSION
      - V$SQL_MONITOR_STATNAME
      - V$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
      - V$TIMEZONE_NAMES
      - V$OB_ENCRYPTED_TABLES
      - V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES
      - V$RSRC_PLAN
      - V$OB_SSTABLES
      - V$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
      - GV$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
      - V$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
      - GV$SYSSTAT
      - V$SYSSTAT
      - V$EVENT_NAME
      - GV$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
      - V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
      - GV$DML_STATS
      - V$DML_STATS
      - GV$OB_LOG_STAT
      - V$OB_LOG_STAT
      - GV$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
      - V$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
      - GV$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
      - V$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
      - GV$OB_GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
      - V$OB_GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
      - V$OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_PLAN
      - GV$OPEN_CURSOR
      - V$OPEN_CURSOR
      - V$OB_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS
      - GV$OB_THREAD
      - V$OB_THREAD
      - GV$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
      - V$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
      - GV$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
      - V$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
      - GV$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
      - V$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
      - GV$OB_LOCKS
      - V$OB_LOCKS
      - V$OB_LS_LOG_RESTORE_STATUS
      - V$OB_TIMESTAMP_SERVICE
      - GV$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
      - V$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
      - GV$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
      - V$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
      - GV$OB_SQL_PLAN
      - V$OB_SQL_PLAN
      - GV$OB_FLT_TRACE_CONFIG
      - GV$OB_LS_SNAPSHOTS
      - V$OB_LS_SNAPSHOTS
      - GV$OB_SQLSTAT
      - V$OB_SQLSTAT
      - GV$OB_SESS_TIME_MODEL
      - V$OB_SESS_TIME_MODEL
      - GV$OB_SYS_TIME_MODEL
      - V$OB_SYS_TIME_MODEL
      - GV$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
      - V$STATNAME
      - V$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
      - GV$OB_SESSION
      - V$OB_SESSION
  - Common statistical events
  - General wait events
- Parameters and system variables
  - Overview
  - Parameters
    - Overview
    - Cluster-level parameters
      - all_cluster_list
      - auto_broadcast_location_cache_rate_limit
      - all_server_list
      - auto_leader_switch_interval
      - auto_refresh_location_cache_rate_limit
      - autoinc_cache_refresh_interval
      - backup_backup_dest
      - backup_backup_dest_option
      - backup_dest_option
      - backup_concurrency
      - backup_dest
      - backup_log_archive_option
      - backup_net_limit
      - backup_recovery_window
      - backup_region
      - backup_zone
      - balance_blacklist_failure_threshold
      - balance_blacklist_retry_interval
      - balancer_emergency_percentage
      - balancer_log_interval
      - balancer_task_timeout
      - balancer_timeout_check_interval
      - balancer_tolerance_percentage
      - bf_cache_miss_count_threshold
      - bf_cache_priority
      - builtin_db_data_verify_cycle
      - cache_wash_threshold
      - clog_disk_utilization_threshold
      - clog_expire_days
      - clog_cache_priority
      - clog_disk_usage_limit_percentage
      - clog_sync_time_warn_threshold
      - clog_transport_compress_func
      - cpu_reserved
      - cluster
      - cluster_id
      - config_additional_dir
      - cpu_count
      - data_copy_concurrency
      - data_dir
      - data_disk_usage_limit_percentage
      - data_storage_error_tolerance_time
      - data_storage_warning_tolerance_time
      - datafile_disk_percentage
      - datafile_size
      - dead_socket_detection_timeout
      - debug_sync_timeout
      - default_compress
      - default_transport_compress_func
      - default_compress_func
      - default_row_format
      - devname
      - disk_io_thread_count
      - dtl_buffer_size
      - election_cpu_quota
      - election_blacklist_interval
      - enable_async_syslog
      - enable_auto_refresh_location_cache
      - enable_auto_leader_switch
      - enable_ddl
      - enable_global_freeze_trigger
      - enable_log_archive
      - enable_election_group
      - enable_major_freeze
      - enable_merge_by_turn
      - enable_manual_merge
      - enable_ob_ratelimit
      - enable_one_phase_commit
      - enable_perf_event
      - enable_pg
      - enable_record_trace_id
      - enable_record_trace_log
      - enable_rereplication
      - enable_rich_error_msg
      - enable_separate_sys_clog
      - enable_smooth_leader_switch
      - enable_rootservice_standalone
      - enable_sql_audit
      - enable_sql_operator_dump
      - enable_sys_table_ddl
      - enable_sys_unit_standalone
      - enable_syslog_recycle<main id="notice" type='explain'>
      - enable_syslog_wf
      - enable_tcp_keepalive
      - fast_recovery_concurrency
      - enable_upgrade_mode
      - flush_log_at_trx_commit
      - gc_wait_archive
      - fuse_row_cache_priority
      - global_index_build_single_replica_timeout
      - global_major_freeze_residual_memory
      - get_leader_candidate_rpc_timeout
      - global_write_halt_residual_memory
      - high_priority_net_thread_count
      - ignore_replay_checksum_error
      - ignore_replica_checksum_error
      - index_clog_cache_priority
      - index_info_block_cache_priority
      - index_cache_priority
      - ilog_index_expire_time
      - internal_sql_execute_timeout
      - large_query_threshold
      - large_query_worker_percentage
      - leak_mod_to_check
      - lease_time
      - location_cache_priority
      - location_cache_cpu_quota
      - location_cache_expire_time
      - location_cache_refresh_min_interval
      - location_cache_refresh_rpc_timeout
      - location_cache_refresh_sql_timeout
      - location_fetch_concurrency
      - location_refresh_thread_count
      - log_archive_batch_buffer_limit
      - log_archive_checkpoint_interval
      - max_kept_major_version_number
      - max_px_worker_count
      - max_string_print_length
      - max_syslog_file_count
      - memory_chunk_cache_size
      - memory_limit
      - memory_limit_percentage
      - memory_reserved
      - memstore_limit_percentage
      - merge_stat_sampling_ratio
      - merge_thread_count
      - merger_completion_percentage
      - merger_switch_leader_duration_time
      - merger_warm_up_duration_time
      - micro_block_merge_verify_level
      - migrate_concurrency
      - migration_disable_time
      - min_observer_version
      - minor_deferred_gc_time
      - mysql_port
      - net_thread_count
      - ob_event_history_recycle_interval
      - ob_ratelimit_stat_period
      - obconfig_url
      - tablet_meta_table_check_interval
      - tablet_meta_table_scan_batch_count
      - plan_cache_evict_interval
      - plan_cache_high_watermark
      - plan_cache_low_watermark
      - px_task_size
      - px_workers_per_cpu_quota
      - rdma_io_thread_count
      - recyclebin_object_expire_time
      - ls_meta_table_check_interval
      - resource_hard_limit
      - rebuild_replica_data_lag_threshold
      - rootservice_async_task_queue_size
      - rootservice_async_task_thread_count
      - rootservice_list
      - rootservice_memory_limit
      - rootservice_ready_check_interval
      - row_compaction_update_limit
      - rpc_port
      - rpc_timeout
      - schema_history_expire_time
      - schema_history_recycle_interval
      - server_balance_cpu_mem_tolerance_percent
      - server_balance_critical_disk_waterlevel
      - server_balance_disk_tolerance_percent
      - server_check_interval
      - server_cpu_quota_max
      - server_cpu_quota_min
      - server_permanent_offline_time
      - server_data_copy_out_concurrency
      - server_data_copy_in_concurrency
      - ssl_client_authentication
      - ssl_external_kms_info
      - stack_size
      - sql_audit_memory_limit
      - sys_bkgd_migration_change_member_list_timeout
      - sys_bkgd_migration_retry_num
      - sys_bkgd_net_percentage
      - switchover_process_thread_count
      - syslog_io_bandwidth_limit
      - sys_bkgd_io_high_percentage
      - sys_bkgd_io_low_percentage
      - syslog_level
      - sys_cpu_limit_trigger
      - system_memory
      - system_trace_level
      - tableapi_transport_compress_func
      - tablet_size
      - tcp_keepcnt
      - system_cpu_quota
      - tcp_keepidle
      - tcp_keepintvl
      - tenant_cpu_variation_per_server
      - tenant_task_queue_size
      - token_reserved_percentage
      - trace_log_sampling_interval
      - trace_log_slow_query_watermark
      - trx_2pc_retry_interval
      - tenant_groups
      - use_large_pages
      - user_block_cache_priority
      - user_row_cache_priority
      - trx_force_kill_threshold
      - trx_try_wait_lock_timeout
      - virtual_table_location_cache_expire_time
      - unit_balance_resource_weight
      - weak_read_version_refresh_interval
      - workers_per_cpu_quota
      - user_iort_up_percentage
      - zone
      - user_tab_col_stat_cache_priority
      - wait_leader_batch_count
      - log_disk_size
      - log_disk_percentage
      - tablet_ls_cache_priority
      - opt_tab_stat_cache_priority
      - zone_merge_concurrency
      - index_block_cache_priority
      - zone_merge_order
      - sql_login_thread_count
      - zone_merge_timeout
      - ob_esi_rpc_port
      - enable_asan_for_memory_context
      - enable_ob_esi_process
      - enable_cgroup
      - ob_esi_session_timeout
      - diag_syslog_per_error_limit
      - ob_esi_io_concurrency
      - ob_startup_mode
      - ob_esi_memory_limit
      - log_storage_warning_tolerance_time
      - ob_esi_syslog_level
      - ob_esi_max_syslog_file_count
      - sql_net_thread_count
      - minor_freeze_times
      - minor_merge_concurrency
      - minor_warm_up_duration_time
      - multiblock_read_gap_size
      - multiblock_read_size
      - ofs_list
      - partition_table_check_interval
      - replica_safe_remove_time
      - resource_soft_limit
      - restore_concurrency
      - rpc_client_authentication_method
      - rpc_server_authentication_method
      - row_purge_thread_count
      - datafile_maxsize
      - datafile_next
      - standby_fetch_log_bandwidth_limit
      - local_ip
      - observer_id
      - storage_meta_cache_priority
      - sql_protocol_min_tls_version
      - enable_rpc_authentication_bypass
      - strict_check_os_params
      - enable_dblink
    - Tenant-level parameters
      - audit_sys_operations
      - audit_trail
      - clog_max_unconfirmed_log_count
      - clog_persistence_compress_func
      - connection_control_failed_connections_threshold
      - connection_control_min_connection_delay
      - connection_control_max_connection_delay
      - enable_clog_persistence_compress
      - enable_early_lock_release
      - enable_monotonic_weak_read
      - external_kms_info
      - enable_sql_extension
      - default_progressive_merge_num
      - backup_data_file_size
      - io_category_config
      - log_disk_utilization_limit_threshold
      - log_disk_utilization_threshold
      - major_compact_trigger
      - compaction_low_thread_score
      - max_stale_time_for_weak_consistency
      - compaction_high_thread_score
      - minor_compact_trigger
      - compaction_mid_thread_score
      - ob_enable_batched_multi_statement
      - ob_proxy_readonly_transaction_routing_policy
      - ob_ssl_invited_common_names
      - open_cursors
      - plsql_code_type
      - plsql_debug
      - plsql_optimize_level
      - plsql_warnings
      - sql_work_area
      - tde_method
      - writing_throttling_maximum_duration
      - writing_throttling_trigger_percentage
      - workarea_size_policy
      - plsql_v2_compatibility
      - job_queue_processes
      - ha_high_thread_score
      - ha_mid_thread_score
      - ha_low_thread_score
      - ob_compaction_schedule_interval
      - default_auto_increment_mode
      - ob_query_switch_leader_retry_timeout
      - default_enable_extended_rowid
      - major_freeze_duty_time
      - undo_retention
      - query_response_time_stats
      - query_response_time_flush
      - query_response_time_range_base
      - merger_check_interval
      - freeze_trigger_percentage
      - cpu_quota_concurrency
      - arbitration_timeout
      - compatible
      - log_transport_compress_all
      - log_transport_compress_func
      - rpc_memory_limit_percentage
      - tenant_sql_login_thread_count
      - tenant_sql_net_thread_count
      - dump_data_dictionary_to_log_interval
      - enable_user_defined_rewrite_rules
      - partition_balance_schedule_interval
      - log_disk_throttling_percentage
      - enable_rebalance
      - balancer_idle_time
      - log_disk_throttling_maximum_duration
      - ls_gc_delay_time
      - standby_db_preferred_upstream_log_region
      - archive_lag_target
      - range_optimizer_max_mem_size
      - log_restore_concurrency
      - log_archive_concurrency
      - standby_db_fetch_log_rpc_timeout
      - enable_transfer
      - kv_ttl_duty_duration
      - kv_ttl_history_recycle_interval
      - enable_kv_ttl
      - ttl_thread_score
      - compaction_dag_cnt_limit
      - compaction_schedule_tablet_batch_cnt
      - kv_transport_compress_func
      - kv_transport_compress_threshold
      - optimizer_index_cost_adj
      - default_table_store_format
  - System variables
    - Overview
    - Global variables
      - auto_increment_cache_size
      - auto_increment_increment
      - auto_increment_offset
      - autocommit
      - binlog_row_image
      - block_encryption_mode
      - character_set_client
      - character_set_connection
      - character_set_database
      - character_set_filesystem
      - character_set_results
      - character_set_server
      - character_set_system
      - collation_connection
      - collation_database
      - collation_server
      - connect_timeout
      - cursor_sharing
      - datadir
      - debug_sync
      - default_password_lifetime
      - div_precision_increment
      - error_on_overlap_time
      - explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
      - foreign_key_checks
      - group_concat_max_len
      - identity
      - init_connect
      - innodb_strict_mode
      - interactive_timeout
      - license
      - lower_case_table_names
      - max_allowed_packet
      - max_connections
      - max_sp_recursion_depth
      - max_user_connections
      - net_buffer_length
      - net_read_timeout
      - net_write_timeout
      - nls_calendar
      - nls_characterset
      - nls_comp
      - nls_currency
      - nls_date_format
      - nls_date_language
      - nls_dual_currency
      - nls_iso_currency
      - nls_length_semantics
      - nls_nchar_characterset
      - nls_nchar_conv_excp
      - nls_numeric_characters
      - nls_sort
      - nls_territory
      - nls_timestamp_format
      - nls_timestamp_tz_format
      - ob_create_table_strict_mode
      - ob_bnl_join_cache_size
      - ob_default_replica_num
      - ob_compatibility_mode
      - ob_enable_blk_nestedloop_join
      - ob_early_lock_release
      - ob_enable_hash_group_by
      - ob_enable_aggregation_pushdown
      - ob_enable_index_direct_select
      - ob_enable_jit
      - ob_enable_plan_cache
      - ob_enable_sql_audit
      - ob_enable_transformation
      - ob_enable_transmission_checksum
      - ob_enable_truncate_flashback
      - ob_global_debug_sync
      - ob_log_level
      - ob_pl_block_timeout
      - ob_plan_cache_evict_high_percentage
      - ob_plan_cache_evict_low_percentage
      - ob_plan_cache_percentage
      - ob_proxy_global_variables_version
      - ob_query_timeout
      - ob_read_consistency
      - ob_reserved_meta_memory_percentage
      - ob_route_policy
      - ob_sql_audit_percentage
      - ob_sql_work_area_percentage
      - ob_tcp_invited_nodes
      - ob_temp_tablespace_size_percentage
      - ob_timestamp_service
      - ob_trx_idle_timeout
      - ob_trx_lock_timeout
      - ob_trx_timeout
      - optimizer_capture_sql_plan_baselines
      - optimizer_use_sql_plan_baselines
      - parallel_max_servers
      - parallel_servers_target
      - performance_schema
      - plugin_dir
      - query_cache_size
      - query_cache_type
      - read_only
      - recyclebin
      - resource_manager_plan
      - secure_file_priv
      - sql_auto_is_null
      - sql_mode
      - sql_quote_show_create
      - sql_safe_updates
      - sql_select_limit
      - sql_throttle_current_priority
      - sql_throttle_network
      - sql_throttle_priority
      - sql_throttle_rt
      - sql_warnings
      - system_time_zone
      - time_zone
      - transaction_isolation
      - transaction_read_only
      - tx_isolation
      - tx_read_only
      - version
      - version_comment
      - wait_timeout
      - validate_password_check_user_name
      - validate_password_length
      - validate_password_mixed_case_count
      - validate_password_number_count
      - validate_password_policy
      - validate_password_special_char_count
      - server_uuid
      - default_storage_engine
      - ob_enable_rich_error_msg
      - cte_max_recursion_depth
      - regexp_stack_limit
      - event_scheduler
      - regexp_time_limit
      - log_row_value_options
      - ob_max_read_stale_time
      - parallel_degree_policy
      - parallel_degree_limit
      - parallel_min_scan_time_threshold
      - optimizer_dynamic_sampling
      - runtime_filter_type
      - runtime_filter_wait_time_ms
      - runtime_filter_max_in_num
      - runtime_bloom_filter_max_size
      - optimizer_features_enable
      - ob_default_lob_inrow_threshold
      - ob_enable_pl_cache
    - Session-level variables
      - is_result_accurate
      - last_insert_id
      - nls_language
      - ob_capability_flag
      - ob_enable_show_trace
      - ob_last_schema_version
      - ob_org_cluster_id
      - ob_proxy_partition_hit
      - ob_proxy_set_trx_executed
      - ob_trace_info
      - timestamp
      - tracefile_identifier
      - ob_max_read_stale_time
      - parallel_degree_policy
      - parallel_degree_limit
      - parallel_min_scan_time_threshold
      - optimizer_dynamic_sampling
      - runtime_filter_type
      - runtime_filter_wait_time_ms
      - runtime_filter_max_in_num
      - runtime_bloom_filter_max_size
- Error codes
  - MySQL mode
    - Overview
    - 0001 to 3999
    - 4000 to 4499
    - 4500 to 4999
    - 5000 to 5999
    - 6000 to 6999
    - 7000 to 7999
    - 8000 to 8999
    - 9000 to 9499
    - 9500 to 9999
    - 10000 to 12000
    - 22998, 30926, 38104, and 38105
  - Oracle mode
    - Overview
    - ORA-00000 to ORA-00999
    - ORA-01000 to ORA-01499
    - ORA-01500 to ORA-01999
    - ORA-02000 to ORA-04999
    - ORA-05000 to ORA-10000
    - ORA-10000 to ORA-19999
    - ORA-20000 to ORA-29999
    - ORA-30000 to ORA-49999
    - ORA-50000 to ORA-99999
    - PLS-00000 to PLS-00999
- Performance tuning
  - Overview
  - Performance related tools
    - System tools
      - Top
      - CPU tools
      - Memory tools
      - Disk I/O tools
      - Network tools
    - Internal tables
      - GV$SYSSTAT
      - GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
      - GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
    - Logs
      - slow trans
      - dump tenant info
      - Trace logs
    - OCP
  - System tuning
    - OS parameter tuning
    - Database parameter tuning
      - CPU parameters
      - I/O parameters
      - Memory-related parameters
      - Network transmission parameters
    - ODP parameter tuning
      - CPU parameters
      - Network transmission parameters
      - Routing parameters on nodes
  - Performance diagnosis
    - Monitor and diagnose the cluster performance
    - Diagnose tenant performance
    - Monitor ODP performance
    - Monitor host performance
    - WR management
      - Overview
      - Manage WR
      - Monitor historical session performance
      - Clean up WR data
    - ASH report
      - ASH
      - Generate ASH reports
      - Analyze ASH reports
  - Business model tuning
    - Load balancing
    - SQL diagnostics
    - Distributed transactions
  - SQL tuning
    - Execution process of SQL queries
    - SQL execution plans
      - Introduction to SQL execution plans
      - Execution plan operators
        TABLE SCAN
        JOIN
        COUNT
        GROUP BY
        WINDOW FUNCTION
        SUBPLAN FILTER
        DISTINCT
        SEQUENCE
        MATERIAL
        SORT
        LIMIT
        FOR UPDATE
        SELECT INTO
        SUBPLAN SCAN
        UNION
        INTERSECT
        EXCEPT/MINUS
        INSERT
        DELETE
        UPDATE
        MERGE
        EXCHANGE
        GI
      - Plan cache
      - Fast parameterization
      - Real-time execution plan display
      - SQL tuning practice with EXPLAIN
    - Distributed execution plans
      - Perform distributed execution and parallel queries
      - Generate a distributed plan
      - Schedule distributed execution plans
      - Manage distributed execution plans
      - Parallel execution enabling methods and their priority
      - Auto DOP
      - Execute parallel queries
      - Perform parameter tuning for a parallel query
      - Parallel DML
    - Parallel execution plans
      - Introduction to parallel execution
      - Classification and optimization of parallel execution
      - Set concurrent execution
        Concurrency control and queuing
        Set a DOP for parallel execution
        Set parallel execution parameters
      - Parallel execution diagnostics
      - Parallel execution tuning tips
      - Quick start
    - SQL tuning
      - Overview
      - General procedure
      - SQL execution performance monitoring
        GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
        SQL Trace
        Plan cache views
        SQL performance analysis example
        Use SQL Audit to analyze wait events in a query
        Analyze SQL queries that cause an abrupt RT jitter
        View and analyze the shape of an execution plan
        Analyze slow SQL queries
        Query SQL traffic distribution and QPS
        Check whether SQL queries are balanced across servers in a cluster
        Find the TOP N SQL queries
        Analyze whether an unusually large number of remote execution requests exist in the system or the execution of an SQL statement
        Find full table scan SQL statements in a tenant
        Find the TOP N queries with the longest execution time within a certain period
        Analyze queries related to distributed plans
        Check whether the RPC execution count of a distributed subplan is balanced across servers in a cluster
      - Optimizer statistics
        Overview of statistics
        Statistics collection methods
        Overview
        Histograms
        Manual statistics collection
        Automatic statistics collection
        Online statistics collection
        Dynamic sampling
        Statistics management
        Overview
        Delete statistics
        Set statistics
        Import and export statistics
        Lock and unlock statistics
        Manage statistics history
        Manage statistics preferences
        Monitoring and diagnostics for statistics collection
        Examples
      - Query rewrite
        Overview
        Rule-based query rewrite
        Cost-based query rewrite
      - Query optimization
        Access path
        Overview
        Rule-based path selection
        Cost-based path selection
        Join algorithm
        Overview
        Join algorithms
        Runtime filters
        Join order
      - Manage execution plans
        Optimizer hints
        Plan binding
        SQL plan management
    - Glossary
    - General issues in SQL tuning
- Database proxy
  - Connection and routing
  - OceanBase Database Proxy
  - ODP
    - Overview
    - Manage ODP clusters
      - Create an ODP cluster
      - Manage ODP cluster parameters
      - Delete an ODP cluster
      - Upgrade all ODPs in an ODP cluster
      - Restart all ODPs in an ODP cluster
      - Manage OceanBase clusters connected to an ODP cluster
      - Monitor ODP cluster performance
    - Manage ODP
      - Add an ODP
      - Start an ODP
      - Refresh ODP configurations
      - Stop an ODP
      - Restart an ODP
      - Delete an ODP
      - Upgrade one or more ODPs
    - ODP startup parameters
  - Physical connections
  - Logical connection
    - Query all sessions
    - Query the details of a session
    - Query the metrics of a session
    - Query session variables
    - Terminate a server session
  - Route management
    - Table-based routing of ODP
    - LDC-based routing
    - ODP routing policy
      - Read/Write splitting
      - Follower-first read
      - Blocklist mechanism
      - Transaction routing
  - View tenant sessions
  - Terminate a tenant session
  - Set the maximum number of connections for a tenant
- Drivers
  - ECOB
  - OBCI
  - OceanBase Connector/J
  - OceanBase Connector/C
  - OceanBase Connector/ODBC
- Platforms
  - OMA
  - OMS
  - OCP
  - ODC
  - OCP Express
    - OCP Express
    - View cluster overview information
    - Tenant management
    - Monitor a cluster
    - Diagnostic analysis
    - Log service
  - OAT
- Components & tools
  - O&M management
    - OBShell
      - Overview
      - Use OBShell
        Start or stop OBShell
        Deploy an OceanBase cluster
        Take over an OceanBase cluster not deployed by OBShell
        Start an OceanBase cluster
        Stop an OceanBase cluster
        Use OBShell to scale out an OceanBase cluster
        Upgrade an OceanBase cluster
        Upgrade OBShell
        Configure an OBServer node to start automatically on boot
      - Command line
        Agent commands of OBShell
        Cluster commands of OBShell
        Task commands of OBShell
      - API references
        OBShell API requests
        Hybrid encryption for API operations
        AddNodeBeforeClusterInitialization
        DeleteNodeBeforeClusterInitialization
        SetClusterConfig
        SetServerConfig
        InitializeCluster
        StartCluster
        StopCluster
        UploadPkg
        AgentUpgradeCheck
        ObUpgradeCheck
        UpgradeAgent
        UpgradeOb
        AddNode
        GetPublicKey
        QueryNodeStatus
        GetObInfo
        OperateDag
        GetDagDetails
        GetNodeDetails
        GetSubtaskDetails
        QueryUnfinishedTasks
        QueryUnfinishedAgentTasks
        QueryUnfinishedObTasks
        QueryLastObTask
        QueryLastAgentTask
    - ob_admin
      - ob_admin overview
      - clog
        log_tool
        Format of clogs
        Transaction logs
      - dumpsst
      - dump_backup
    - ob_error
    - OBD
    - ob-operator
  - Monitoring and diagnostics
    - obdiag
    - SQL Diagnoser
      - Overview
      - Deploy and use SQL Diagnoser
        Install SQL Diagnoser
        Use SQL Diagnoser
      - SQL Diagnoser remarks
        Built-in diagnostic items
        Diagnostic rule expression
        API operations
        Diagnostic items of SQL review
    - DOOBA
  - Data integration
    - OBLogProxy
    - OBLOADER & OBDUMPER
    - Partition calculator
      - Overview
      - Use the ob-partition-calculator component
    - CDC
      - Overview
      - obcdc
        Deploy and use obcdc
        Install and deploy obcdc
        obcdc development instructions
        obcdc_tailf
        obcdc parameters
        General obcdc parameters
        obcdc parameters
        FAQ about obcdc
      - oblogmsg
        Install and deploy oblogmsg
        Description of some oblogmsg API operations
  - Stress testing tools
    - mysqltest
      - Use obd.sh to run mysqltest
      - Use mysqltest
        Add a test case
        Test case writing conventions
        General test case writing commands
- Integrations
  - Superset
  - Bytebase
  - DolphinScheduler
  - SeaTunnel
  - Linkis
  - Maxwell
FAQ
- Products
- SQL statements
- Deployment
- Cluster management
- High availability
- FAQ about columnstores
Release Notes
- Version rules
- OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition
  - V4.3
    - OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V4.3.0
  - V4.2
    - OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V4.2.1
    - OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V4.2.0
  - V4.1
    - OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V4.1.0
  - V3.2
    - OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.2.4
    - OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.2.3
    - OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.2.2
    - OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.2.1
    - OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.2.0
  - V3.1
    - OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.1.2
    - OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.1.1
  - V2.2
    - OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V2.2.77
    - OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V2.2.76
    - OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V2.2.30
- OceanBase Database Community Edition
  - V4.3
    - OceanBase Database Community Edition V4.3.0
  - V4.2
    - OceanBase Database Community Edition V4.2.1
    - OceanBase Database Community Edition V4.2.0
  - V4.1
    - OceanBase Database Community Edition V4.1.0
  - V4.0
    - OceanBase Database Community Edition V4.0.0
  - V3.1
    - OceanBase Database Community Edition V3.1.5
    - OceanBase Database Community Edition V3.1.4
    - OceanBase Database Community Edition V3.1.3
    - OceanBase Database Community Edition V3.1.2
    - OceanBase Database Community Edition V3.1.1
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LCASE

Last Updated：2024-04-19 08:42:50 Updated

LCASE(str)

Purpose

LCASE() converts uppercase letters in a string into lowercase letters.

The function is a synonym for the LOWER() function.

Examples

obclient> SELECT LCASE('OBCLIENTHELLO! ');
+----------------------------+
| LCASE('OBCLIENTHELLO! ')   |
+----------------------------+
| obclienthello!             |
+----------------------------+
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