OceanBase Database

SQL - V4.1.0

What is OceanBase Database
- Overview
- Differences between the features of the Enterprise Edition and the Community Edition
- System architecture
- Compatibility with Oracle
  - Overview
  - SQL data types
  - Built-in functions
  - System views
- Compatibility with MySQL
- Limitations
Get Started
- Get started with OceanBase Database
- Learn OceanBase SQL
  - Before you begin
  - Basic SQL operations (MySQL mode)
  - Basic SQL operations (Oracle mode)
- Build a sample application (MySQL mode)
  - Build a Python application
  - Build a Java application
  - Build a C application
  - Build a Go application
- Build a sample application (Oracle mode)
  - Build a Python application
  - Build a Java application
  - Build a C application
- Try out advanced features of OceanBase Database
  - Scalable OLTP
    - Run the TPC-C benchmark in OceanBase Database
    - Try out the hot row update capability of OceanBase Database
  - Try out operational OLAP
  - Try out parallel import and data compression
  - Try out the multi-tenant feature
  - DDL
    - Try out new DDL features in MySQL mode
    - Try out new DDL features in Oracle mode
- Video tutorials
Develop
- Develop applications in MySQL mode
  - Connect to OceanBase Database
    - Overview
    - Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using the mysql client
    - Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using OBClient
    - Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
    - Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Boot
    - Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Batch
    - Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring JDBC
    - Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring JPA
    - Connect to OceanBase Database by using Hibernate
    - Use database connection pool
      - Database connection pool configuration
      - Configure a Tomcat connection pool
      - Configure a C3P0 connection pool
      - Configure a Proxool connection pool
      - Configure a HiKariCP connection pool
      - Configure a DBCP connection pool
      - Configure a CommonPool connection pool
      - Configure a JDBC connection pool
  - Create database objects
    - Create a database
    - Create a table
    - Create indexes
  - Write data
    - Insert data
    - Update data
    - Delete data
    - Replace data
  - Read data
    - About queries
    - Single-table queries
    - Conditional queries
    - ORDER BY queries
    - GROUP BY queries
    - Use the LIMIT clause in queries
    - Join tables
      - INNER JOIN queries
      - FULL JOIN queries
      - LEFT JOIN queries
      - RIGHT JOIN queries
      - Subqueries
    - Use operators and functions in queries
      - Use arithmetic operators in queries
      - Use numerical functions in queries
      - Use string concatenation operators in queries
      - Use string functions in queries
      - Use datetime functions in queries
      - Use type conversion functions in queries
      - Use aggregate functions in queries
      - Use NULL-related functions in queries
      - Use the CASE conditional operator in queries
      - Use the SELECT FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
    - Execution plans
      - View an execution plan
      - Understand an execution plan
    - Use SQL hints in queries
    - Variables of query timeout
  - Transactions
    - Overview
    - Start a transaction
    - Savepoints
      - Mark a savepoint
      - Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
      - Release a savepoint
    - Commit a transaction
    - Roll back a transaction
  - Troubleshoot common errors
    - Disconnected from the server, with ERROR 2013 reported
    - Idle transaction timed out, with ERROR 6002 reported
    - Transaction timed out, with ERROR 4012 reported
    - User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
    - Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
    - Table already exists, with ERROR 1050 reported
    - Table does not exist, with ERROR 1146 reported
    - Duplicate data inserted, with ERROR 1062 reported
    - ERROR 1215 reported in foreign key addition
    - Data truncated while being inserted, with ERROR 1265 reported
- Develop applications in Oracle mode
  - Connect to OceanBase Database
    - Overview
    - Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using OBClient
    - Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
    - Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Boot
    - Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Batch
    - Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring JDBC
    - Connect to OceanBase Database by using MyBatis
    - Use database connection pool
      - Database connection pool configuration
      - Configure a Tomcat connection pool
      - Configure a C3P0 connection pool
      - Configure a Proxool connection pool
      - Configure a HiKariCP connection pool
      - Example of configuring a DBCP connection pool
      - Configure a CommonPool connection pool
      - Configure a JDBC connection pool
  - Create database objects
    - Create a table
    - Create an index
  - Write data
    - Insert data
    - Update data
    - Delete data
    - Replace data
  - Read data
    - About queries
    - Single-table queries
    - Conditional queries
    - ORDER BY queries
    - GROUP BY queries
    - Use Row_Limiting_Clause in queries
    - Join tables
      - INNER JOIN queries
      - FULL JOIN queries
      - LEFT JOIN queries
      - RIGHT JOIN queries
      - Subqueries
    - Use operators and functions in queries
      - Use arithmetic operators in queries
      - Use numerical functions in queries
      - Use string concatenation operators in queries
      - Use string functions in queries
      - Use datetime functions in queries
      - Use type conversion functions in queries
      - Use aggregate functions in queries
      - Use NULL-related functions in queries
      - Use CASE functions in queries
      - Use the SELECT FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
    - Execution plans
      - View execution plans of queries
      - Understand an execution plan
    - Use SQL hints in queries
    - About query timeout variables
  - Transactions
    - Overview
    - Start a transaction
    - Savepoints
      - Mark a savepoint
      - Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
    - Commit a transaction
    - Roll back a transaction
  - Troubleshoot common errors
    - Idle transaction timed out, with ORA-24761 error reported
    - Transaction timeout, with ORA-00600 error reported
    - User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
    - Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
    - Table already exists, with ORA-00955 error reported
    - Table does not exist, with ORA-04043 error reported
    - Duplicate data inserted, with ORA-00001 error reported
    - ORA-00600 error reported in foreign key addition
    - Inconsistent data types, with ORA-00932 error reported
Deploy
- Overview
- OceanBase cluster deployment solutions
- Deploy OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition
  - Deployment process
  - Before deployment
    - Prepare servers
    - Configure servers
    - Prepare installation packages
  - Deploy through GUI
    - Configure deployment environment
      - Deploy OAT
      - Verify OAT deployment
      - Configure the clock source
      - Upload installation packages
      - Add a server
      - Edit a server
      - Create MetaDB
    - Deploy OCP
      - Overview
      - Deploy OCP
      - Verify OCP deployment
    - Deploy OceanBase clusters
      - Add an OBServer node to the resource pool
      - Create an OceanBase cluster
    - Deploy ODP
      - Overview
      - Deploy ODP
    - Create OceanBase tenant
      - View resources available for a business tenant
      - Create a tenant
      - Verify connectivity after tenant creation
    - Deploy ODC
      - Overview
      - Deploy ODC
      - Verify ODC deployment
  - Deploy through CLI
    - Configure deployment environment
      - Install oat-cli
      - Use oat-cli to configure the deployment environment
      - Configure the clock source
      - Upload installation packages
      - Configure host information
      - Check the environment before deployment
    - Deploy OCP
      - Overview
      - Generate a configuration file
      - Deploy OCP
      - Verify OCP deployment
    - Deploy OceanBase clusters
      - Deploy a single-replica OceanBase cluster
      - Deploy a three-replica OceanBase cluster
    - Deploy ODP
      - Deploy ODP
    - Create OceanBase tenants
      - View resources available for a business tenant
      - Create a tenant
      - Verify connectivity after tenant creation
    - Deploy ODC
      - Overview
      - Modify the configuration file
      - Start deployment
      - Verify deployment
- Deploy OceanBase Database Community Edition
  - Overview
  - Deploy locally
    - Software and hardware requirements
    - Before deployment
      - Check resources
      - Set password-free SSH logon
      - Configure the clock source
      - Perform disk planning
      - Configure the limits.conf file
      - Configure the sysctl.conf file
      - Disable the firewall and SELinux
      - Create a user
    - Deploy through GUI
      - Deploy an OceanBase cluster by using OCP
    - Deploy OceanBase Database in a production environment by using a CLI
  - Deploy OceanBase Database in a Kubernetes cluster
Migrate
- About data migration
- Migrate from MySQL databases to OceanBase Database
  - Migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database by using mydumper and myloader
  - Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
  - Use DataX to migrate table data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
  - Use CloudCanal to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
  - Use Canal to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
  - Use Flink CDC to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
  - Use ChunJun to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
- Migrate from OceanBase Database to MySQL databases
  - Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
  - Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
  - Use Canal to synchronize data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
  - Use CloudCanal to migrate data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
  - Use Flink CDC to migrate data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
  - Use ChunJun to migrate data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
- Migrate from Oracle databases to OceanBase Database
  - Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
  - Use DataX to migrate table data from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
- Migrate from OceanBase Database to Oracle databases
  - Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
  - Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
- Migrate from DB2 databases to OceanBase Database
  - Use DBCAT to migrate DB2 LUW table schemas to OceanBase Database
- Migrate from CSV files to OceanBase Database
  - Use DataX to migrate CSV files to OceanBase Database
  - Import data by using the LOAD DATA statement
- Import data from SQL files to OceanBase Database
- Migrate data between OceanBase Database
  - Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between MySQL tenants in OceanBase Database clusters
  - Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from a MySQL tenant to an Oracle tenant in an OceanBase cluster
  - Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between Oracle tenants in OceanBase Database clusters
  - Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from an Oracle tenant to a MySQL tenant in OceanBase Database
- Migrate data using SQL statements
  - Migrate data between tables
  - Migrate resource units
  - Export data by using OUTFILE statements
- Bypass import
  - Overview
  - Import data in bypass mode by using the LOAD DATA statement
  - Import data in bypass mode by using the INSERT INTO SELECT statement
Manage
- Log on to an OceanBase Database tenant
- Manage clusters
  - Overview
  - Cluster parameters
  - Common cluster operations
    - View a zone
    - View a node
    - Restart a node
    - Add a node
    - Delete a node
    - Isolate a node
    - Replace a node
    - Start a zone
    - Add a zone
    - Delete a zone
    - Modify a zone
    - Isolate a zone
    - View cluster parameters
    - Modify cluster parameters
    - Online scale-out from standalone deployment to distributed deployment
    - Upgrade clusters
      - Upgrade using CLI
        Overview
        Perform an upgrade
        Check upgrade results
  - Troubleshoot common problems
    - Failures of a minority of nodes
    - Failures of the majority of nodes
- Manage tenants
  - Tenant introduction
  - Tenant capacity
  - Tenant types
  - User tenants
  - System variables of a tenant
  - Common tenant operations
    - Create a tenant
    - Resource isolation
      - Overview
      - Manage resource isolation (Oracle mode)
        Configure cgroups
        Configure user-level resource isolation
        Configure SQL statement-level resource isolation
        Update a plan directive
        Delete a plan directive
        Delete a resource management plan
        Delete a resource group
        Clear cgroup configurations
      - Manage resource isolation (MySQL mode)
        Configure cgroups
        Configure user-level resource isolation
        Configure SQL statement-level resource isolation
        Update a plan directive
        Delete a plan directive
        Delete a resource management plan
        Delete a resource group
        Clear cgroup configurations
    - View tenant and resource information
    - Set and modify the tenant allowlist
    - View system variables of a tenant
    - Modify system variables of a tenant
    - Scale in/out
      - Tenant scaling
      - Modify the unit configs for a tenant
      - Modify the number of resource units for a tenant
      - Modify the number of primary zones for a tenant
    - Modify the attributes of a resource pool
    - Modify attributes of a tenant
    - Lock and unlock a tenant
    - Drop a tenant
    - Restore a tenant
    - Drop a resource pool
    - Drop a unit config
- Manage replicas
  - What is replica
  - Replica distribution
    - Locality
    - Locality common operations
      - View locality
      - Modify locality
      - Add replicas
      - Remove replicas
      - Adjust the distribution of replicas
      - View the locality change history
      - Migrate units
  - Traffic distribution
  - Data distribution
- High availability
  - What is high availability
  - Multi-replica disaster recovery
    - Data links
    - High availability of ODP
    - Database-level high availability
    - Disaster recovery architecture and levels
  - Physical standby database disaster recovery
    - Overview
    - Limitations
    - Create a standby tenant
    - Change the restore source of a standby tenant
    - Monitor the log synchronization status of a standby tenant
    - Adjust the log synchronization performance of a standby tenant
    - Adjust the log archiving speed of the primary tenant
    - Switch roles
      - Overview
      - Switchover
      - Failover
    - Drop a primary or standby tenant
  - Arbitration high availability
    - Overview
    - Enable the arbitration service
    - Disable the arbitration service
    - Modify the downgrade timeout period
    - Replace the arbitration service
    - Remove the arbitration service
  - Manage recycle bin
    - Recycle bin
    - Enable or disable the recycle bin
    - View objects in the recycle bin
    - Restore objects from the recycle bin
    - Purge the recycle bin
  - Flashback queries
- Security and permissions
  - Overview
  - Identification and authentication
    - MySQL mode
      - Authentication
      - Password complexity
      - Login failure processing
    - Oracle mode
      - Authentication
      - Password complexity
      - Login failure processing
  - Access control
    - Overview
    - Users and permissions
      - Overview
      - MySQL mode
        Privilege types in MySQL mode
        Grant privileges
        Privilege delegation
        View user privileges
        Modify user privileges
      - Oracle mode
        Privilege types in Oracle mode
        Direct privileges
        Privilege delegation
        Manage roles
        Indirect privileges
        View user privileges
        Modify user privileges
    - Network security access control
    - Row-level access control
  - Data transmission encryption
    - Overview
    - OBServer transmission encryption
    - ODP transmission encryption
  - Transparent data encryption
    - Overview
    - MySQL mode
      - Enable transparent data encryption for new tables
      - Enable transparent data encryption for existing tables
      - Decrypt a table
    - Oracle mode
      - Enable transparent data encryption for a new table
      - Enable transparent data encryption for an existing table
      - Decrypt a table
  - Security audit
    - Overview
    - Enable security audit
    - Set and view audit rules
    - View audit records
    - Audit user logon operations
    - Audit user operations
    - Audit specified database objects
- Backup and restore
  - Introduction to physical backup and restore
  - Deploy NFS
  - Log archive
    - Overview
    - Preparations
    - Enable log archiving
    - Disable log archiving
    - View information about pieces
    - View the archiving progress
    - View the archiving history
    - View the archiving parameter settings
    - Views related to log archiving
  - Data backup
    - Preparations
    - Initiate a full data backup job
    - Initiate an incremental data backup job
    - Stop a backup job
    - View the data backup progress
    - View the data backup history
    - View data backup parameter settings
    - Views related to data backup
  - Clear backup data
    - Automatic cleanup of expired backup data
    - Stop backup cleanup
    - Query the backup cleanup progress
    - Query the backup cleanup history
    - Backup cleanup parameter
    - Views related to backup cleanup
  - Restore data
    - Preparations before the restore
    - Perform physical restore
    - Cancel the restore
    - Query the restore progress
    - Query the restore result
    - Change the role of a standby tenant to PRIMARY
    - Replay logs to a standby tenant
    - Parameters related to physical restore
    - Views related to physical restore
- Monitoring
  - Overview
  - Metrics
    - System monitoring
      - Overview
      - Metrics
      - Wait events
      - Latch events
    - SQL monitoring
      - Overview
      - SQL Audit
      - Execution plans
  - Cases
- Logs
  - Overview
  - Log levels
  - Log stability
  - Log control
  - Log metrics
  - View logs
    - Search for the logs of a specific SQL request
Reference
- Administrator guide
  - Database connection and routing
    - Overview
    - Manage ODP
      - Overview
      - Manage ODP clusters
        Create an ODP cluster
        Manage ODP cluster parameters
        Delete an ODP cluster
        Upgrade all ODPs in an ODP cluster
        Restart all ODPs in an ODP cluster
        Manage OceanBase clusters connected to an ODP
        Monitor ODP cluster performance
      - Manage ODP
        Add an ODP
        Start an ODP
        Refresh ODP configurations
        Stop an ODP
        Restart an ODP
        Delete an ODP
        Upgrade one or more ODPs
      - ODP startup parameters
    - Physical connections
    - Logical connection
      - Query all sessions
      - Query the details of a session
      - Query the metrics of a session
      - Query session variables
      - Terminate a server session
    - Manage routing
      - Table-based routing of ODP
      - LDC-based routing
      - ODP routing policy
        Read/Write splitting
        Follower-first read
        Blocklist mechanism
        Transaction routing
  - Cluster and multi-tenant management
    - Manage clusters
      - Create a cluster
      - Manage clusters
      - Manage cluster parameters
        Overview
        Query cluster parameters
        Modify cluster-level parameters
      - Manage zones in clusters
        Overview of zone management
        Add or delete a zone
        Start or stop a zone
        Modify the configurations of a zone
        Restart a zone
        Isolate a failed zone
      - Manage nodes
        Add nodes
        View the status of a node
        Stop or start a node
        Restart a node
        Isolate a failed node
        Delete a node
        Replace a node
      - View the topology of a cluster
      - Overview of cluster tenant management
      - Monitor cluster performance
      - Cluster performance report
      - View resource information of a cluster
    - Manage configurations
      - Overview of configuration management
      - Set parameters
      - Set variables
      - General system parameters
      - Default production parameters
      - Minimum resource configurations
    - Manage resources
      - Overview
      - Create a resource unit configuration
      - Manage resource units
        View resource unit configurations
        Modify configurations of a resource unit
        Drop a resource unit
      - Create a resource pool
      - Manage resource pools
        View resource pools
        Allocate a resource pool to a tenant
        Modify a resource pool
        Merge resource pools
        Split a resource pool
        Remove a resource pool from a tenant
        Delete a resource pool
      - View resource allocation
    - Manage tenants
      - Overview of tenant management
      - Create a tenant
      - Create a user tenant
      - View tenant information
      - Copy a tenant
      - Modify a tenant
      - Rename a tenant
      - Drop a tenant
      - Manage users and permissions
        Introduction
        Overview
        sys tenant
        Oracle tenants
        MySQL tenants
        Oracle mode
        Create a user
        Set password complexity rules
        Handle logon failures
        View user privileges
        Modify user privileges
        Change the password of a user
        Lock and unlock a user
        Drop a user
        Manage roles
        Overview
        Create a role
        Assign a role to another role
        Assign a role to a user
        Specify valid or invalid roles for a user
        View roles
        Modify a role
        Revoke a role
        Drop a role
        MySQL mode
        Create a user
        Set password complexity rules
        Handle logon failures
        View user privileges
        Modify user privileges
        Change the password of a user
        Lock and unlock a user
        Drop a user
      - Set and view the tenant allowlist
      - View the topology of a tenant
      - View the resource configurations of a tenant
      - Modify the resource configurations of a tenant
      - View the performance metrics of a tenant
      - View tenant sessions
      - Terminate a tenant session
      - Set the maximum number of connections for a tenant
      - Manage tenant parameters
        Overview
        Query tenant-level parameters
        Modify tenant-level parameters
      - Manage tenant variables
    - Manage data storage
      - Dump management
        Overview
        Automatically trigger a minor compaction
        Manually initiate a minor compaction
        View minor compaction information
        Modify minor compaction settings
      - Merge management
        Overview
        Automatically trigger a major compaction
        Configure scheduled major compactions
        Manually initiate a major compaction
        Manually control a major compaction
        View the major compaction process
        Modify major compaction settings
      - Data compression
        Overview
        Data encoding and compression
    - Manage memory
      - Overview
      - Memory structure
      - Set the maximum memory for an OceanBase database
      - Manage internal system memory
      - Manage internal tenant memory
      - Manage the memory of the plan cache
      - Memleak-based regular memory leak diagnostics mechanism
      - Query memory usage information
      - FAQ
    - Manage processes
      - Overview
      - Multi-tenant threads of OceanBase Database
      - FAQ about multi-tenant threads
      - Background threads of OceanBase Database
    - Manage logs
      - Log overview
      - Log print level
        Log generation levels
        Set a log generation level
      - Manage size and quantity of log files
        Use the log file splitting feature
        Control the number of log files
      - View logs
        Query the log of an SQL request
        Query the log of a previous SQL request by using the SQL Trace feature
  - Manage database objects
    - Overview
    - MySQL mode
      - Manage databases
        Create a database
        View databases
        Modify a database
        Drop a database
      - Manage tables
        Overview
        Create a table
        Define an auto-increment column
        Define column constraints
        Query the definition of a table
        Modify a table
        Empty a table
        Drop a table
        Lock a table
      - Manage indexes
        Overview
        Create an index
        Query indexes
        Drop an index
      - Manage views
      - Manage sequence
        Create a sequence
        Query sequences
        Reference a sequence
        Modify a sequence
        Drop a sequence
      - Manage triggers
        Overview
        Create a DML trigger
        Query trigger information
        Drop a trigger
    - Oracle mode
      - Manage tables
        Overview
        Create a table
        Define column constraints
        Query the definition of a table
        Modify a table
        Empty a table
        Drop a table
        Lock a table
      - Manage indexes
        Overview
        Create an index
        Query indexes
        Drop an index
      - Manage views
      - Manage sequences
      - Manage synonyms
      - Manage triggers
        Overview
        Create a DML trigger
        Create an INSTEAD OF trigger
        Create a composite trigger
        Modify and drop a trigger
        Disable or enable a trigger
        Query trigger information
      - Manage directory objects
      - Manage DBLink
        Create a DBLink
        View existing DBLinks
        Use a DBLink to access data in a remote database
        Use a DBLink to modify data in a remote database
        Drop a DBLink
  - Manage replicas
    - Manage partitions
      - Oracle mode
        Overview
        Create a partitioned table
        Modify partitioning rules
        Add a partition
        Drop partitions
        Truncate a partition
        Partition pruning
        Query data in specified partitions
        Create partitioned table index
        Overview
        Local indexes
        Global indexes
      - MySQL mode
        Overview
        Create a partitioned table
        Modify partitioning rules
        Add a partition
        Drop partitions
        Truncate a partition
        Partition pruning
        Query data in specified partitions
        Create partitioned table index
        Overview
        Local indexes
        Global indexes
    - Manage replicas
      - Overview
      - Create a replica
      - Edit a tenant replica in a zone
      - Delete a tenant replica from a zone
    - Manage locality
      - Overview
      - Modify tenant locality
  - O&M
    - Scaling
      - Overview
      - Overview
        Scale out
        Add zones to a cluster
        Add OBServer nodes to zones
        Scale in
        Delete zones from a cluster
        Delete OBServer nodes from zones
      - Tenant resource scaling
        Modify unit_config
        Modify UNIT_NUM
    - Monitoring and alerting
      - Overview
      - Monitoring
        Status monitoring
        Performance monitoring
        SQL monitoring
      - Alerting
        Configure an alert channel
        Alert push
        Perform alert management
        Manage general alert rules
    - Performance diagnosis
      - ASH report
        ASH
        Generate ASH reports
        Analyze ASH reports
- Performance tuning guide
  - Overview
  - Performance related tools
    - System tools
      - General tool Top
      - CPU tools
      - Memory tools
      - Disk I/O tools
      - Network tools
    - Internal tables
      - GV$SYSSTAT
      - GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
      - GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
    - Logs
      - slow trans
      - dump tenant info
      - trace log
    - OCP
  - System tuning
    - OS parameter tuning
    - Database parameter tuning
      - CPU parameters
      - I/O parameters
      - Memory-related parameters
      - Network transmission parameters
    - OBProxy parameter tuning
      - CPU parameters
      - Network transmission parameters
      - Route parameters on nodes
  - Business model tuning
    - Load balancing
    - SQL diagnostics
    - Distributed transactions
  - SQL optimization guide
    - Execution process of SQL queries
    - SQL execution plan
      - Introduction to SQL execution plans
      - Execution plan operator
        TABLE SCAN
        JOIN
        COUNT
        GROUP BY
        WINDOW FUNCTION
        SUBPLAN FILTER
        DISTINCT
        SEQUENCE
        MATERIAL
        SORT
        LIMIT
        FOR UPDATE
        SELECT INTO
        SUBPLAN SCAN
        UNION
        INTERSECT
        EXCEPT/MINUS
        INSERT
        DELETE
        UPDATE
        MERGE
        EXCHANGE
        GI
      - Plan cache
      - Fast parameterization
      - Real-time execution plan display
    - Distributed execution plan
      - Perform distributed execution and parallel queries
      - Generate a distributed plan
      - Schedule distributed execution plans
      - Manage distributed execution plans
      - Execute parallel queries
      - Perform parameter tuning for a parallel query
      - Parallel DML
    - SQL optimization
      - Overview
      - General procedure of SQL tuning
      - SQL execution performance monitoring
        GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
        SQL Trace
        Plan cache views
        SQL performance analysis example
        Use SQL Audit to analyze wait events in a query
        Analyze SQL queries that cause an abrupt RT jitter
        View and analyze the shape of an execution plan
        Analyze slow SQL queries
        Query SQL traffic distribution and QPS
        Check whether SQL queries are balanced across servers in a cluster
        Find the TOP N SQL queries
        Analyze whether an unusually large number of remote execution requests exist in the system or the execution of an SQL statement
        Find full table scan SQL statements in a tenant
        Find the TOP N queries with the longest execution time within a specified period
        Analyze queries related to distributed plans
        Check whether the RPC execution count of a distributed subplan is balanced across servers in a cluster
      - Optimizer statistics
        Overview of statistics
        Statistics conllection methods
        Overview
        Histograms
        Manual statistics collection
        Automatic statistics collection
        Online statistics collection
        Statistics management
        Overview
        Deletion
        Setting
        Import and export
        Locking and unlocking
        History management
        Collection strategy prefs management
        Examples
      - Query rewrite
        Overview
        Rule-based query rewrite
        Cost-based query rewrite
      - Query optimization
        Access path
        Overview
        Rule-based path selection
        Cost-based path selection
        Join algorithm
        Overview
        Join algorithms
        Join order
      - Manage execution plans
        Optimizer hints
        Plan binding
        SQL plan management
    - Glossary
    - General issues in SQL tuning
  - Performance testing
    - Run the TPC-H benchmark on OceanBase Database
    - TPC-H benchmark report of OceanBase Database
    - Run the Sysbench benchmark on OceanBase Database
    - Sysbench benchmark report of OceanBase Database
    - Run the TPC-C benchmark on OceanBase Database
    - TPC-C benchmark report of OceanBase Database
- Application development reference
  - SQL syntax
    - System tenants
      - Overview
      - ALTER SYSTEM
        BACKUP
        BALANCE TASK
        CANCEL MIGRATE UNIT
        CHANGE TENANT
        DELETE BACKUPSET
        DELETE OBSOLETE BACKUP
        FAILOVER
        FLUSH
        JOB
        MERGE
        MIGRATE UNIT
        PARAMETER
        RECOVER
        REFRESH
        REPLICA
        RESTORE
        SERVER
        SWITCHOVER
        THROTTLE
        ZONE
      - ALTER RESOURCE POOL
      - ALTER RESOURCE TENANT
      - ALTER RESOURCE UNIT
      - ALTER TENANT
      - CREATE RESOURCE POOL
      - CREATE RESOURCE UNIT
      - CREATE TENANT
      - DROP RESOURCE POOL
      - DROP RESOURCE UNIT
      - DROP TENANT
      - SET DECRYPTION
      - SET ENCRYPTION
    - Common tenant (MySQL mode)
      - Basis elements
        Data types
        Overview
        Numeric types
        Overview
        Integer data types
        Fixed-point data types
        Floating-point data types
        Bit value data type
        Date and time types
        Overview
        DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP types
        TIME type
        YEAR type
        Character types
        Overview
        CHAR and VARCHAR
        BINARY and VARBINARY
        Large objects and text types
        Overview
        BLOB types
        TEXT types
        ENUM data type
        SET data type
        JSON data types
        Overview
        Create a JSON value
        Query and modify JSON values
        Convert a JSON data type
        Spatial data types
        Overview
        SRS
        Create a spatial column
        Create a spatial index
        Spatial data formats
        Expressions
        Overview
        Expression syntax
        Convert data types in expression evaluation
        Character set and collation
        Overview
        Character sets
        Collations
        Database-level character sets and collations
        Table-level character sets and collations
        Column-level character sets and collations
        Character sets and collations for character expressions
        Character sets and collations for client connection
        Literal
        Overview
        Strings
        Value
        Datetime values
        Bit values
        Boolean
        NULLs
        Schema object names
        User-defined variables
        Comments
      - Operator
        Overview
        Operator precedence
        Arithmetic operators
        Bitwise operators
        Comparison operators
        Logical operators
        Assignment operators
        Datetime operators
        Concatenation operators
        BINARY operator
        CASE conditional operator
      - Sequence pseudocolumns
      - Function
        Overview
        Single-row functions
        Date and time functions
        ADDDATE
        CONVERT_TZ
        CURDATE
        CURRENT_DATE
        CURRENT_TIME
        CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
        CURTIME
        DATE
        DATE_ADD
        DATE_FORMAT
        DATE_SUB
        DATEDIFF
        DAYOFMONTH
        DAYOFWEEK
        DAYOFYEAR
        EXTRACT
        FROM_DAYS
        FROM_UNIXTIME
        GET_FORMAT
        HOUR
        LAST_DAY
        LOCALTIME
        LOCALTIMESTAMP
        MAKEDATE
        MAKETIME
        MICROSECOND
        MINUTE
        MONTH
        MONTHNAME
        NOW
        PERIOD_ADD
        PERIOD_DIFF
        QUARTER
        SEC_TO_TIME
        SECOND
        STR_TO_DATE
        SUBDATE
        SUBTIME
        SYSDATE
        TIME
        TIME_FORMAT
        TIME_TO_SEC
        TIME_TO_USEC
        TIMEDIFF
        TIMESTAMP
        TIMESTAMPADD
        TIMESTAMPDIFF
        TO_DAYS
        TO_SECONDS
        UNIX_TIMESTAMP
        USEC_TO_TIME
        UTC_DATE
        UTC_TIME
        UTC_TIMESTAMP
        WEEK
        WEEKDAY
        WEEKOFYEAR
        YEARWEEK
        YEAR
        ADDTIME
        DAYNAME
        DAY
        String functions
        ASCII
        BIN
        BIT_LENGTH
        CHAR
        CHAR_LENGTH
        CHARACTER_LENGTH
        CONCAT
        CONCAT_WS
        ELT
        EXPORT_SET
        FIELD
        FIND_IN_SET
        FORMAT
        HEX
        INSERT
        INSTR
        INT2IP
        IP2INT
        LCASE
        LEFT
        LENGTH
        LOCATE
        LOWER
        LPAD
        LTRIM
        MAKE_SET
        MID
        OCT
        OCTET_LENGTH
        ORD
        POSITION
        QUOTE
        REGEXP
        REGEXP_INSTR
        REGEXP_LIKE
        REGEXP_REPLACE
        REGEXP_SUBSTR
        REPEAT
        REPLACE
        REVERSE
        RIGHT
        RLIKE
        RPAD
        RTRIM
        SPACE
        STRCMP
        SUBSTR
        SUBSTRING
        SUBSTRING_INDEX
        TRIM
        UCASE
        UNHEX
        UPPER
        WEIGHT_STRING
        TO_BASE64
        FROM_BASE64
        SOUNDEX
        Conversion functions
        CAST
        CONVERT
        SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
        TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
        Mathematical functions
        ABS
        ACOS
        ASIN
        ATAN
        ATAN2
        BIT_COUNT
        CEIL
        CEILING
        CONV
        COS
        COT
        CRC32
        DEGREES
        EXP
        FLOOR
        LN
        LOG
        LOG10
        LOG2
        MOD
        NEG
        PI
        POW
        POWER
        RADIANS
        RAND
        ROUND
        SIGN
        SIN
        SQRT
        TAN
        TRUNCATE
        Comparison functions
        GREATEST
        INTERVAL
        ISNULL
        LEAST
        Process control functions
        CASE
        IF
        IFNULL
        NULLIF
        ORA_DECODE
        Aggregation functions
        APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
        AVG
        BIT_AND
        BIT_OR
        BIT_XOR
        COUNT
        GROUP_CONCAT
        GROUPING
        MAX
        MIN
        STD
        STDDEV
        STDDEV_POP
        STDDEV_SAMP
        SUM
        VAR_POP
        VAR_SAMP
        VARIANCE
        Analysis functions
        APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
        AVG
        BIT_AND
        BIT_OR
        BIT_XOR
        COUNT
        CUME_DIST
        DENSE_RANK
        FIRST_VALUE
        LAG
        LAST_VALUE
        LEAD
        MAX
        MIN
        NTH_VALUE
        NTILE
        PERCENT_RANK
        RANK
        ROW_NUMBER
        STD
        STDDEV
        STDDEV_POP
        STDDEV_SAMP
        SUM
        VAR_POP
        VAR_SAMP
        VARIANCE
        Encryption functions
        AES_DECRYPT
        AES_ENCRYPT
        COMPRESS
        DECODE
        DES_DECRYPT
        DES_ENCRYPT
        ENCODE
        ENCRYPT
        MD5
        UNCOMPRESS
        UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH
        RANDOM_BYTES
        SHA
        SHA1
        SHA2
        VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH
        Information functions
        BENCHMARK
        CHARSET
        COERCIBILITY
        COLLATION
        CONNECTION_ID
        CURRENT_USER
        DATABASE
        FOUND_ROWS
        LAST_INSERT_ID
        ICU_VERSION
        ROW_COUNT
        SCHEMA
        SESSION_USER
        SYSTEM_USER
        USER
        VERSION
        OB_VERSION
        JSON functions
        Create JSON text
        JSON_ARRAY
        JSON_OBJECT
        JSON_QUOTE
        Search JSON text
        JSON_CONTAINS
        JSON_CONTAINS_PATH
        JSON_EXTRACT
        JSON_KEYS
        JSON_OVERLAPS
        JSON_SEARCH
        JSON_VALUE
        MEMBER OF
        Modify JSON text
        JSON_ARRAY_APPEND
        JSON_ARRAY_INSERT
        JSON_INSERT
        JSON_MERGE
        JSON_MERGE_PATCH
        JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE
        JSON_REMOVE
        JSON_REPLACE
        JSON_SET
        JSON_UNQUOTE
        Return JSON text properties
        JSON_DEPTH
        JSON_LENGTH
        JSON_TYPE
        JSON_VALID
        JSON utility functions
        JSON_PRETTY
        JSON_STORAGE_SIZE
        JSON aggregation functions
        JSON_ARRAYAGG
        JSON_OBJECTAGG
        Spatial functions
        Create a geometric function
        Spatial operation functions
        Spatial relation functions
        Geometry property functions
        Geometric format conversion functions
      - Queries and subqueries
        Overview
        Subquery
        JOIN
      - SQL statements
        General syntax
        CTE
        ALTER DATABASE
        ALTER OUTLINE
        ALTER SEQUENCE
        MERGE
        ALTER TABLE
        ALTER TABLEGROUP
        ALTER USER
        ALTER VIEW
        ANALYZE
        CREATE DATABASE
        CREATE INDEX
        CREATE OUTLINE
        CREATE SEQUENCE
        CREATE TABLE
        CREATE TABLEGROUP
        CREATE USER
        CREATE VIEW
        DEALLOCATE PREPARE
        DELETE
        DESCRIBE
        DROP DATABASE
        DROP INDEX
        DROP OUTLINE
        DROP TABLE
        DROP TABLEGROUP
        DROP SEQUENCE
        DROP USER
        DROP VIEW
        EXECUTE
        EXPLAIN
        FLASHBACK
        GRANT
        HELP
        INSERT
        KILL
        LOAD DATA
        LOCK TABLES
        MERGE
        OPTIMIZE
        PREPARE
        PURGE
        PURGE RECYCLEBIN
        RENAME USER
        RENAME TABLE
        REPLACE
        REVOKE
        SAVEPOINT
        SCHEMA
        SELECT INTO
        SELECT
        SELECT
        JOIN clause
        OVER clause
        UNION clause
        SET
        SET CHARSET
        SET NAMES
        SET PASSWORD
        SET TRANSACTION
        SHOW
        TRANSACTION
        TRUNCATE TABLE
        UPDATE
        USE
      - DDL features
        Overview
        Index operations
        Primary key operations
        Column operations
        Column generation operations
        Foreign key operations
        Table operations
        Partition operations
        Column type change rules
      - Performance schema functions
        FORMAT_BYTES
        FORMAT_PICO_TIM
      - Other functions
        ANY_VALUE
        BIN_TO_UUID
        COALESCE
        DEFAULT
        NAME_CONST
        INET_ATON
        INET_NTOA
        INET6_ATON
        INET6_NTOA
        IS_IPV4
        IS_IPV4_COMPAT
        IS_IPV6
        IS_UUID
        NVL
        UUID_TO_BIN
        SLEEP
        UUID
        UUID_SHORT
        VALUES
    - Common tenant (Oracle mode)
      - Introduction to SQL
      - Pseudo column
        Overview
        Hierarchical query pseudocolumns
        Sequence pseudocolumns
        ORA_ROWSCN pseudocolumn
        ROWNUM pseudocolumn
        ROWID pseudocolumn
      - Basic elements
        Built-in data types
        Overview
        Character data types
        Overview
        CHAR data type
        NCHAR data type
        NVARCHAR2 data type
        VARCHAR2 data type
        VARCHAR data type
        Numeric data types
        Overview
        NUMBER data type
        FLOAT data type
        Floating-point numbers
        Precedence of numeric data types
        Date and time and interval data types
        Overview
        DATE type
        TIMESTAMP type
        TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE date type
        TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE data type
        INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH data type
        INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND data type
        Calculation of dates, timestamps, and intervals
        RAW data type
        Large object data types
        Overview
        BLOB data type
        CLOB data type
        Rowid data types
        User-defined data types
        Any type
        JSON data types
        Overview
        Create JSON columns
        Query JSON data
        Conversion rules for JSON data types
        Data type comparison rules
        Overview
        Numeric value comparison rules
        Date value comparison rules
        Character value comparison rules
        Data type precedence
        Data type conversion rules
        Security considerations for data conversion
        Literal
        Overview
        Text literals
        Numeric literals
        Date and time literal
        Date literals
        Timestamp literals
        Interval literals
        Format model
        Overview
        Number format models
        Datetime format models
        RR datetime format element
        String-to-date conversion rules
        Null value
        Overview
        Nulls in SQL functions
        Nulls in comparison conditions
        Nulls in conditional expressions
        Annotation
        Overview
        Comments within SQL statements
        Comments on schema and nonschema objects
        Hint
        Overview
        Hint list
        Hints related to access path
        Hints related to join orders
        Hints related to joins
        Hints related to parallel execution
        Hints related to query strategy
        Hints related to query conversion
        Other hints
        Database objects
        Schema objects
        Non-schema objects
        Database naming conventions
        Overview
        Suggestions on schema object names
        Database object reference method
        Overview
        Reference to schema objects
        Reference objects in remote databases
        Create a database link
        Reference a database link
        Reference to partition tables and indexes
        Reference an attribute or method of an object type
      - Operator
        Overview
        Operator precedence
        Arithmetic operators
        Concatenation operator
        Hierarchical query operators
        Set operators
        COLLATE operator
      - Function
        Overview
        Single-row functions
        Numeric functions
        ABS
        ACOS
        ASIN
        ATAN
        ATAN2
        BITAND
        CEIL
        COS
        COSH
        EXP
        FLOOR
        LN
        LOG
        MOD
        NANVL
        POWER
        REMAINDER
        ROUND
        SIGN
        SIN
        SINH
        SQRT
        TAN
        TANH
        TRUNC
        WIDTH_BUCKET
        String functions returning strings
        CHR
        CONCAT
        INITCAP
        LOWER
        LPAD
        LTRIM
        NLS_LOWER
        NLS_UPPER
        REGEXP_REPLACE
        REGEXP_SUBSTR
        REPLACE
        RPAD
        RTRIM
        SUBSTR
        TRANSLATE
        TRANSLATE ... USING
        TRIM
        UPPER
        String functions returning numbers
        ASCII
        INSTR
        LENGTH
        REGEXP_COUNT
        REGEXP_INSTR
        Date and time
        ADD_MONTHS
        CURRENT_DATE
        CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
        DBTIMEZONE
        EXTRACT(datetime)
        FROM_TZ
        LAST_DAY
        LOCALTIMESTAMP
        MONTHS_BETWEEN
        NEXT_DAY
        NUMTODSINTERVAL
        NUMTOYMINTERVAL
        ROUND (date)
        SESSIONTIMEZONE
        SYS_EXTRACT_UTC
        SYSDATE
        SYSTIMESTAMP
        TO_CHAR (datetime)
        TO_DSINTERVAL
        TO_TIMESTAMP
        TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
        TO_YMINTERVAL
        TRUNC (date)
        TZ_OFFSET
        Generic comparison functions
        GREATEST
        LEAST
        Conversion functions
        ASCIISTR
        CAST
        CHARTOROWID
        CONVERT
        HEXTORAW
        NUMTODSINTERVAL
        NUMTOYMINTERVAL
        RAWTOHEX
        ROWIDTOCHAR
        ROWIDTONCHAR
        SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
        TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
        TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
        TO_BINARY_FLOAT
        TO_BLOB
        TO_CHAR (character)
        TO_CHAR (datetime)
        TO_CHAR (number)
        TO_CLOB
        TO_DATE
        TO_DSINTERVAL
        TO_MULTI_BYTE
        TO_NUMBER
        TO_NCHAR (character)
        TO_NCHAR (datetime)
        TO_NCHAR (number)
        TO_SINGLE_BYTE
        TO_TIMESTAMP
        TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
        TO_YMINTERVAL
        UNISTR
        Encoding and decoding functions
        DECODE
        DUMP
        ORA_HASH
        VSIZE
        Null value related functions
        COALESCE
        LNNVL
        NANVL
        NULLIF
        NVL
        NVL2
        Environment and identifier functions
        SYS_CONTEXT
        SYS_GUID
        UID
        USER
        USERENV
        OB_VERSION
        Hierarchical functions
        SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH
        JSON functions
        Overview
        Create JSON text
        JSON_ARRAY
        JSON_OBJECT
        JSON_ARRAYAGG
        JSON_OBJECTAGG
        Query JSON text
        JSON_VALUE
        JSON_QUERY
        JSON_EXISTS
        JSON_TABLE
        Validate JSON text
        JSON_EQUAL
        Modify JSON text
        JSON_MERGEPATCH
        Aggregation functions
        APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
        AVG
        CORR
        COUNT
        COVAR_POP
        COVAR_SAMP
        CUME_DIST
        DENSE_RANK
        GROUPING
        KEEP
        LISTAGG
        MAX
        MEDIAN
        MIN
        PERCENT_RANK
        PERCENTILE_CONT
        PERCENTILE_DISC
        RANK
        REGR_ (Linear Regression)
        ROLLUP
        STDDEV
        STDDEV_POP
        STDDEV_SAMP
        SUM
        VAR_POP
        VAR_SAMP
        VARIANCE
        WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
        Analysis functions
        Analytic functions
        AVG
        CORR
        COUNT
        COVAR_POP
        COVAR_SAMP
        CUME_DIST
        DENSE_RANK
        FIRST_VALUE
        KEEP
        LAG
        LAST_VALUE
        LEAD
        LISTAGG
        MAX
        MEDIAN
        MIN
        NTILE
        NTH_VALUE
        PERCENT_RANK
        PERCENTILE_CONT
        PERCENTILE_DISC
        RANK
        RATIO_TO_REPORT
        REGR_ (Linear Regression)
        ROW_NUMBER
        STDDEV
        STDDEV_POP
        STDDEV_SAMP
        SUM
        VAR_POP
        VAR_SAMP
        VARIANCE
        WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
      - Expressions
        Overview
        Simple expressions
        Compound expressions
        Case expressions
        Column expressions
        CURSOR expressions
        Datetime expressions
        Function expressions
        Interval expressions
        Scalar subquery expressions
        Type constructor expressions
        Expression list
      - Conditions
        Overview
        Condition precedence
        Comparison conditions
        Floating-point conditions
        Logical conditions
        Pattern-matching conditions
        Null conditions
        Compound conditions
        BETWEEN condition
        EXISTS condition
        IN condition
      - Queries and subqueries
        Overview
        Simple query
        Hierarchical query
        Compound query
        Join queries
        Subqueries
        DUAL table query
      - SQL statements
        DDL
        ALTER INDEX
        ALTER KEYSTORE
        ALTER OUTLINE
        ALTER PROFILE
        ALTER ROLE
        ALTER SEQUENCE
        ALTER SESSION
        ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH PLAN CACHE
        ALTER SYSTEM PARAMETER
        ALTER TABLE
        ALTER TABLEGROUP
        ALTER USER
        CREATE CONTEXT
        CREATE DIRECTORY
        CREATE DATABASE LINK
        CREATE INDEX
        CREATE KEYSTORE
        CREATE OUTLINE
        CREATE PROFILE
        CREATE ROLE
        CREATE SEQUENCE
        CREATE SYNONYM
        CREATE TABLE
        CREATE TABLEGROUP
        CREATE TABLESPACE
        CREATE USER
        CREATE VIEW
        DROP CONTEXT
        DROP DIRECTORY
        DROP INDEX
        DROP OUTLINE
        DROP PROFILE
        DROP ROLE
        DROP SEQUENCE
        DROP SYNONYM
        DROP TABLE
        DROP TABLEGROUP
        DROP TABLESPACE
        DROP USER
        DROP VIEW
        RENAME
        TRUNCATE TABLE
        ALTER SYSTEM MAJOR FREEZE
        DML
        DELETE
        INSERT
        MERGE
        PURGE
        SELECT
        SIMPLE SELECT
        Set-based SELECT
        WITH CLAUSE
        UPDATE
        DCL
        ANALYZE
        AUDIT
        COMMENT
        COMMIT
        EXPLAIN
        FLASHBACK TABLE BEFORE DROP
        GRANT
        KILL
        LOAD DATA
        LOCK TABLE
        REVOKE
        ROLLBACK
        SAVEPOINT
        SET NAMES
        SET PASSWORD
        SET ROLE
        SET VARIABLE
        SHOW
        SHRINK
        TRANSACTION
      - DDL features
        Overview
        Index operations
        Primary key operations
        Column operations
        Column generation operations
        Foreign key operations
        Table operations
        Partition operations
        Column type change rules
  - SQL practices and suggestions
    - Limits on writing SQL statements
    - SQL writing guidelines
      - SELECT statements
      - DML statements
      - Multi-table join statements
      - Table scan
      - Transactions
      - Cache
      - Hint
      - Others
    - SQL statement examples
      - Implicit data type conversion
      - JOIN tables
      - Weak consistency read
      - Pagination queries
  - PL reference
    - What is PL
      - Overview
      - Main features of PL
      - PL architecture
    - MySQL mode
      - Syntax of PL stored programs
      - PL stored procedure
        Overview
        Variables in stored programs
        Stored procedures
        Stored functions
        Triggers
        Limitations on stored programs
      - PL cursor
        Overview
        Cursor execution process
        Limitations on server cursors
      - PL conditional control statements
        CASE
        IF
        ITERATE
        LEAVE
        LOOP
        REPEAT
        RETURN
        WHILE
      - PL DML statements
        CALL
        DO
      - PL DDL statements
        ALTER FUNCTION
        ALTER PROCEDURE
        CREATE FUNCTION
        CREATE PROCEDURE
        CREATE TRIGGER
        DROP FUNCTION
        DROP PROCEDURE
        DROP TRIGGER
      - PL database management statements
        SHOW CREATE FUNCTION
        SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE
        SHOW CREATE TRIGGER
        SHOW FUNCTION STATUS
        SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS
        SHOW TRIGGERS
      - PL related dictionary views
        INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARAMETERS
        INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES
        INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS
      - PL exception handling
        Overview
        DECLARE ... CONDITION
        DECLARE ... HANDLER
        GET DIAGNOSTICS
        RESIGNAL
        SIGNAL
        Effective scope of an exception handler
        Diagnostics area
        Exception handling and OUT/INOUT parameters
        Limitations on exception handling
      - PL system package
        Overview
        DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
        Overview
        CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
        CREATE_PLAN
        CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
        DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
        DELETE_PLAN
        DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
        SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
        UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
        DBMS_STATS
        Overview
        ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
        CREATE_STAT_TABLE
        DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
        DELETE_INDEX_STATS
        DELETE_TABLE_STATS
        DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
        DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
        DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
        DROP_STAT_TABLE
        EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
        EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
        EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
        EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
        FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
        GATHER_INDEX_STATS
        GATHER_TABLE_STATS
        GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
        GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
        GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
        GET_PARAM
        GET_PREFS
        IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
        IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
        IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
        IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
        LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
        LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
        LOCK_TABLE_STATS
        RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
        RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
        RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
        RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
        PURGE_STATS
        SET_COLUMN_STATS
        SET_INDEX_STATS
        SET_TABLE_STATS
        SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
        SET_PARAM
        SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
        SET_TABLE_PREFS
        UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
        UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
        UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
        DBMS_UDR
        Overview
        CREATE_RULE
        DISABLE_RULE
        ENABLE_RULE
        REMOVE_RULE
        DBMS_XPLAN
        Overview
        DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
        ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
        SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
      - Reserved and non-reserved PL keywords
    - Oracle mode
      - PL language basics
        Character sets
        Lexical units
        Declaration
        Reference identifiers
        Scope and visibility of identifiers
        Assign values
        Expressions
        PL blocks
        Subprograms
        Error-reporting functions
      - PL data types
        Overview
        SQL data types
        LOB data types
        BOOLEAN type
        User-defined subtypes
        PLS_INTEGER and BINARY_INTEGER
        Arrays
        PL JSON data types
      - PL process control
        Overview
        Conditional control
        Loop control
        Sequential control
      - PL collections and records
        Overview
        Collections
        Associative arrays
        Varrays
        Nested tables
        Collection constructor function
        Collection methods
        Overview of collection methods
        DELETE method
        TRIM method
        EXTEND method
        EXISTS method
        FIRST and LAST methods
        COUNT method
        LIMIT method
        PRIOR and NEXT methods
        Records
        Insert records into a table and update a table by using records
        Create and call a subprogram with record type parameters
      - PL static SQL
        Overview
        Cursor
        Overview
        Cursor attributes
        Implicit cursors
        Explicit cursors
        Cursor variables
        Traverse cursor data by using the FOR loop
        Modify and drop a cursor
        Transaction processing and control
        Autonomous transactions
        Overview
        Control autonomous transactions
        Autonomous triggers
        Call autonomous functions from SQL statements
      - PL dynamic SQL
        Overview
        Execute dynamic SQL statements
        DBMS_SQL system package
      - PL stored procedure and functions
        Overview
        Create a stored procedure
        Create a function
        Manage stored procedures and functions
        Privilege control
        Pipeline functions
        Overview
        Create a pipelined table function
        Application
        User defined functions
        Overview
        Interface for user-defined aggregate functions
        Create user-defined aggregate functions
        Use user-defined aggregate functions
      - PL trigger
        Overview
        Create a DML trigger
        Modify and drop a trigger
        Disable or enable a trigger
        Query trigger information
        INSTEAD OF DML trigger
        Compound DML trigger
      - PL package
        Overview
        Create a program package
        Overloaded programs in a package
        Manage program packages
        Definition of the PL environment by the STANDARD package
      - PL exception handling
        Overview
        Compile-Time alerts
        Exception types
        Exception handling processes
      - DDL operations on stored PL units
        Overview
        ALTER FUNCTION
        ALTER PACKAGE
        ALTER PROCEDURE
        ALTER TRIGGER
        ALTER TYPE
        CREATE FUNCTION
        CREATE PACKAGE
        CREATE PACKAGE BODY
        CREATE PROCEDURE
        CREATE TRIGGER
        CREATE TYPE
        CREATE TYPE BODY
        DROP FUNCTION
        DROP PACKAGE
        DROP PROCEDURE
        DROP TRIGGER
        DROP TYPE
        DROP TYPE BODY
      - PL label security package
        Overview of label security PL packages
        SA_SYSDBA
        SA_SYSDBA overview
        SA_SYSDBA.ALTER_POLICY
        SA_SYSDBA.CREATE_POLICY
        SA_SYSDBA.DROP_POLICY
        SA_COMPONENTS
        SA_COMPONENTS overview
        SA_COMPONENTS.ALTER_LEVEL
        SA_COMPONENTS.CREATE_LEVEL
        SA_COMPONENTS.DROP_LEVEL
        SA_LABEL_ADMIN
        SA_LABEL_ADMIN overview
        SA_LABEL_ADMIN.ALTER_LABEL
        SA_LABEL_ADMIN.CREATE_LABEL
        SA_LABEL_ADMIN.DROP_LABEL
        SA_POLICY_ADMIN
        SA_POLICY_ADMIN overview
        SA_POLICY_ADMIN.APPLY_TABLE_POLICY
        SA_POLICY_ADMIN.DISABLE_TABLE_POLICY
        SA_POLICY_ADMIN.ENABLE_TABLE_POLICY
        SA_POLICY_ADMIN.REMOVE_TABLE_POLICY
        SA_USER_ADMIN
        SA_USER_ADMIN overview
        SA_USER_ADMIN.SET_LEVELS
        SA_SESSION
        SA_SESSION overview
        SA_SESSION.LABEL
        SA_SESSION.RESTORE_DEFAULT_LABELS
        SA_SESSION.ROW_LABEL
        SA_SESSION.SET_LABEL
        SA_SESSION.SET_ROW_LABEL
      - PL system package (Oracle mode)
        Overview
        DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO
        Overview
        READ_CLIENT_INFO
        READ_MODULE
        SET_ACTION
        SET_CLIENT_INFO
        SET_MODULE
        DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT
        Overview
        CLEAN_AUDIT_TRAIL
        CREATE_PURGE_JOB
        DROP_PURGE_JOB
        SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP
        SET_PURGE_JOB_STATUS
        DBMS_CRYPTO
        Overview
        ENCRYPT
        DECRYPT
        HASH
        DBMS_DEBUG
        Overview
        ATTACH_SESSION
        CONTINUE
        DEBUG_ON
        DEBUG_OFF
        DETACH_SESSION
        DELETE_BREAKPOINT
        DISABLE_BREAKPOINT
        ENABLE_BREAKPOINT
        GET_VALUE
        GET_VALUES
        GET_RUNTIME_INFO
        GET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
        INITIALIZE
        PROBE_VERSION
        PRINT_BACKTRACE
        SET_TIMEOUT
        SET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
        SET_BREAKPOINT
        SHOW_BREAKPOINTS
        DBMS_DESCRIBE
        Overview
        DESCRIBE_PROCEDURE
        DBMS_JOB
        Overview
        BROKEN
        CHANGE
        ZONE
        INTERVAL
        NEXT_DATE
        REMOVE
        RUN
        SUBMIT
        USER_EXPORT
        WHAT
        DBMS_LOB
        Overview
        APPEND
        CLOSE
        COPY
        CREATETEMPORARY
        ERASE
        FREETEMPORARY
        GETLENGTH
        ISOPEN
        INSTR
        OPEN
        READ
        SUBSTR
        TRIM
        WRITE
        WRITEAPPEND
        DBMS_LOCK
        Overview
        SLEEP
        DBMS_METADATA
        Overview
        GET_DDL
        DBMS_OUTPUT
        Overview
        DISABLE
        ENABLE
        GET_LINE
        GET_LINES
        NEW_LINE
        PUT
        PUT_LINE
        DBMS_PLAN_CACHE
        Overview
        PURGE
        DBMS_RANDOM
        Overview
        INITIALIZE
        NORMAL
        RANDOM
        SEED
        STRING
        TERMINATE
        VALUE
        DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
        Overview
        CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
        CREATE_PLAN
        CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
        DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
        DELETE_PLAN
        DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
        SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
        UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
        DBMS_SCHEDULER
        Overview
        CREATE_JOB
        CREATE_PROGRAM
        DEFINE_PROGRAM_ARGUMENT
        DISABLE
        DROP_JOB
        DROP_PROGRAM
        ENABLE
        GENERATE_JOB_NAME
        RUN_JOB
        SET_ATTRIBUTE
        SET_JOB_ARGUMENT_VALUE
        DBMS_SESSION
        Overview
        CLEAR_ALL_CONTEXT
        CLEAR_CONTEXT
        CLEAR_IDENTIFIER
        SET_CONTEXT
        SET_IDENTIFIER
        DBMS_SQL
        Overview
        BIND_VARIABLE
        CLOSE_CURSOR
        COLUMN_VALUE
        DEFINE_COLUMN
        DEFINE_ARRAY
        DESCRIBE_COLUMNS
        EXECUTE
        EXECUTE_AND_FETCH
        FETCH_ROWS
        IS_OPEN
        OPEN_CURSOR
        PARSE
        DBMS_STATS
        Overview
        ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
        CREATE_STAT_TABLE
        DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
        DELETE_INDEX_STATS
        DELETE_TABLE_STATS
        DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
        DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
        DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
        DROP_STAT_TABLE
        EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
        EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
        EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
        EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
        FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
        GATHER_INDEX_STATS
        GATHER_TABLE_STATS
        GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
        GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
        GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
        GET_PARAM
        GET_PREFS
        IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
        IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
        IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
        IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
        LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
        LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
        LOCK_TABLE_STATS
        RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
        RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
        RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
        RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
        PURGE_STATS
        SET_COLUMN_STATS
        SET_INDEX_STATS
        SET_TABLE_STATS
        SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
        SET_PARAM
        SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
        SET_TABLE_PREFS
        UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
        UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
        UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
        DBMS_UDR
        Overview
        CREATE_RULE
        DISABLE_RULE
        ENABLE_RULE
        REMOVE_RULE
        DBMS_UTILITY
        Overview
        ACTIVE_INSTANCES
        COMMA_TO_TABLE
        CURRENT_INSTANCE
        DB_VERSION
        FORMAT_CALL_STACK
        FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE
        FORMAT_ERROR_STACK
        GET_ENDIANNESS
        GET_HASH_VALUE
        GET_PARAMETER_VALUE
        GET_SQL_HASH
        GET_TIME
        IS_BIT_SET
        IS_CLUSTER_DATABASE
        NAME_RESOLVE
        NAME_TOKENIZE
        OLD_CURRENT_SCHEMA
        OLD_CURRENT_USER
        PORT_STRING
        TABLE_TO_COMMA
        DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY
        Overview
        ASH_REPORT
        DBMS_XA
        Overview
        DBMS_XA constants
        DBMS_XA_XID object type
        DIST_TXN_SYNC
        XA_COMMIT
        XA_END
        XA_FORGET
        XA_GETLASTOER
        XA_PREPARE
        XA_RECOVER
        XA_ROLLBACK
        XA_SETTIMEOUT
        XA_START
        DBMS_XMLGEN
        Overview
        CONVERT
        DBMS_XPLAN
        Overview
        DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
        ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
        SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
        ODCIConst
        Overview
        ODCIArgDesc.ArgType
        ODCIEnv.CallProperty
        ODCIEnv.Envflags
        ODCIIndexAlter
        ODCIIndexAlter parameter alter_option
        ODCIIndexInfo.IndexInfoFlags
        ODCIIndexInfo.IndexParaDegree
        ODCIPredInfo.Flags
        ODCIQueryInfo.Flags
        ODCIStatsOptions.Flags
        ODCIStatsOptions.Options
        Return Status
        ScnFlg
        UTL_ENCODE
        Overview
        BASE64_DECODE
        BASE64_ENCODE
        UTL_FILE
        Overview
        FCLOSE
        FFLUSH
        FOPEN
        FGETPOS
        FREMOVE
        FRENAME
        FSEEK
        NEW_LINE
        GET_LINE
        PUT
        PUT_LINE
        UTL_I18N
        Overview
        RAW_TO_CHAR
        STRING_TO_RAW
        UTL_RAW
        Overview
        BIT_AND
        BIT_COMPLEMENT
        BIT_OR
        BIT_XOR
        CAST_FROM_BINARY_DOUBLE
        CAST_FROM_BINARY_FLOAT
        CAST_FROM_BINARY_INTEGER
        CAST_FROM_NUMBER
        CAST_TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
        CAST_TO_BINARY_FLOAT
        CAST_TO_BINARY_INTEGER
        CAST_TO_NUMBER
        CAST_TO_RAW
        CAST_TO_VARCHAR2
        COMPARE
        CONCAT
        COPIES
        LENGTH
        REVERSE
        SUBSTR
        ANYDATA TYPE
        Overview
        BEGINCREATE static procedure
        ENDCREATE member procedure
        GET* member functions
        GETTYPE member function
        GETTYPENAME member function
        PIECEWISE member procedure
        SET* member procedures
        XMLType
        Overview
        CREATEXML
        GETCLOBVAL
        GETSTRINGVAL
        TRANSFORM
        XMLTYPE
      - Reserved PL keywords
  - Database design guidelines
    - Object naming conventions
      - Overview
      - Tenant naming conventions
      - User naming conventions
      - Table naming conventions
      - Field naming conventions
      - Other naming conventions
    - Object structure design guidelines
      - Field design
      - Table structure design
      - Partitioned table design
      - Index design
      - Other structural designs
    - Character set specifications
    - Database connection specifications
    - Use of comments
    - ORM conventions
    - Exception handling
  - TableAPI
    - Introduction to TableAPI implementation
      - Implementation of TableAPI
      - Differences between replace and insert_or_update
      - TableAPI data models
    - Using TableAPI client
      - Introduction to the client and instructions for use
      - Set client parameters
      - An example of client use
    - Troubleshooting
  - HBaseAPI
    - HBaseAPI solution introduction
    - HBaseAPI storage model
    - Usage instructions of the HBaseAPI client
- System reference
  - System parameters
    - Overview
    - Summary of system parameters
    - Cluster level
      - all_cluster_list
      - all_server_list
      - auto_broadcast_location_cache_rate_limit
      - auto_leader_switch_interval
      - auto_refresh_location_cache_rate_limit
      - autoinc_cache_refresh_interval
      - backup_backup_dest
      - backup_backup_dest_option
      - backup_dest_option
      - backup_concurrency
      - backup_dest
      - backup_data_file_size
      - backup_log_archive_option
      - backup_net_limit
      - backup_recovery_window
      - backup_region
      - backup_zone
      - balance_blacklist_failure_threshold
      - balance_blacklist_retry_interval
      - balancer_emergency_percentage
      - balancer_idle_time
      - balancer_log_interval
      - balancer_task_timeout
      - balancer_timeout_check_interval
      - balancer_tolerance_percentage
      - bf_cache_miss_count_threshold
      - bf_cache_priority
      - builtin_db_data_verify_cycle
      - cache_wash_threshold
      - clog_disk_utilization_threshold
      - clog_expire_days
      - clog_cache_priority
      - clog_disk_usage_limit_percentage
      - clog_sync_time_warn_threshold
      - clog_transport_compress_func
      - cpu_reserved
      - cluster
      - cluster_id
      - config_additional_dir
      - cpu_count
      - data_copy_concurrency
      - data_dir
      - data_disk_usage_limit_percentage
      - data_storage_error_tolerance_time
      - data_storage_warning_tolerance_time
      - datafile_disk_percentage
      - datafile_size
      - dead_socket_detection_timeout
      - debug_sync_timeout
      - default_compress
      - default_compress_func
      - default_transport_compress_func
      - default_row_format
      - devname
      - disk_io_thread_count
      - dtl_buffer_size
      - election_cpu_quota
      - election_blacklist_interval
      - enable_auto_refresh_location_cache
      - enable_auto_refresh_location_cache
      - enable_auto_leader_switch
      - enable_ddl
      - enable_global_freeze_trigger
      - enable_log_archive
      - enable_election_group
      - enable_major_freeze
      - enable_merge_by_turn
      - enable_manual_merge
      - enable_ob_ratelimit
      - enable_one_phase_commit
      - enable_perf_event
      - enable_pg
      - enable_rebalance
      - enable_record_trace_id
      - enable_record_trace_log
      - enable_rereplication
      - enable_rich_error_msg
      - enable_separate_sys_clog
      - enable_smooth_leader_switch
      - enable_rootservice_standalone
      - enable_sql_audit
      - enable_sql_operator_dump
      - enable_sys_table_ddl
      - enable_sys_unit_standalone
      - enable_syslog_recycle
      - enable_syslog_wf
      - enable_tcp_keepalive
      - fast_recovery_concurrency
      - enable_upgrade_mode
      - flush_log_at_trx_commit
      - gc_wait_archive
      - fuse_row_cache_priority
      - global_index_build_single_replica_timeout
      - global_major_freeze_residual_memory
      - get_leader_candidate_rpc_timeout
      - global_write_halt_residual_memory
      - high_priority_net_thread_count
      - ignore_replay_checksum_error
      - ignore_replica_checksum_error
      - index_clog_cache_priority
      - index_info_block_cache_priority
      - index_cache_priority
      - ilog_index_expire_time
      - internal_sql_execute_timeout
      - large_query_threshold
      - large_query_worker_percentage
      - leak_mod_to_check
      - lease_time
      - location_cache_cpu_quota
      - location_cache_priority
      - location_cache_expire_time
      - location_cache_refresh_min_interval
      - location_cache_refresh_rpc_timeout
      - location_cache_refresh_sql_timeout
      - location_fetch_concurrency
      - location_refresh_thread_count
      - log_archive_batch_buffer_limit
      - log_archive_checkpoint_interval
      - max_kept_major_version_number
      - max_px_worker_count
      - max_string_print_length
      - max_syslog_file_count
      - memory_chunk_cache_size
      - memory_limit
      - memory_limit_percentage
      - memory_reserved
      - memstore_limit_percentage
      - merge_stat_sampling_ratio
      - merge_thread_count
      - merger_completion_percentage
      - merger_switch_leader_duration_time
      - merger_warm_up_duration_time
      - micro_block_merge_verify_level
      - migrate_concurrency
      - migration_disable_time
      - min_observer_version
      - minor_deferred_gc_time
      - mysql_port
      - net_thread_count
      - ob_event_history_recycle_interval
      - ob_ratelimit_stat_period
      - obconfig_url
      - tablet_meta_table_check_interval
      - tablet_meta_table_scan_batch_count
      - plan_cache_evict_interval
      - plan_cache_high_watermark
      - plan_cache_low_watermark
      - px_task_size
      - px_workers_per_cpu_quota
      - rdma_io_thread_count
      - recyclebin_object_expire_time
      - ls_meta_table_check_interval
      - resource_hard_limit
      - rebuild_replica_data_lag_threshold
      - rootservice_async_task_queue_size
      - rootservice_async_task_thread_count
      - # rootservice_list
      - rootservice_memory_limit
      - rootservice_ready_check_interval
      - row_compaction_update_limit
      - rpc_port
      - rpc_timeout
      - schema_history_expire_time
      - schema_history_recycle_interval
      - server_balance_cpu_mem_tolerance_percent
      - server_balance_critical_disk_waterlevel
      - server_balance_disk_tolerance_percent
      - server_check_interval
      - server_cpu_quota_max
      - server_cpu_quota_min
      - server_permanent_offline_time
      - server_data_copy_out_concurrency
      - server_data_copy_in_concurrency
      - ssl_client_authentication
      - ssl_external_kms_info
      - stack_size
      - sql_audit_memory_limit
      - sys_bkgd_migration_change_member_list_timeout
      - sys_bkgd_migration_retry_num
      - sys_bkgd_net_percentage
      - switchover_process_thread_count
      - syslog_io_bandwidth_limit
      - sys_bkgd_io_high_percentage
      - syslog_level
      - sys_bkgd_io_low_percentage
      - sys_cpu_limit_trigger
      - system_memory
      - system_trace_level
      - tableapi_transport_compress_func
      - tablet_size
      - tcp_keepcnt
      - system_cpu_quota
      - tcp_keepidle
      - tcp_keepintvl
      - tenant_cpu_variation_per_server
      - tenant_task_queue_size
      - token_reserved_percentage
      - trace_log_sampling_interval
      - trace_log_slow_query_watermark
      - trx_2pc_retry_interval
      - tenant_groups
      - use_large_pages
      - user_block_cache_priority
      - trx_force_kill_threshold
      - trx_force_kill_threshold
      - trx_try_wait_lock_timeout
      - unit_balance_resource_weight
      - virtual_table_location_cache_expire_time
      - weak_read_version_refresh_interval
      - user_iort_up_percentage
      - workers_per_cpu_quota
      - zone
      - user_tab_col_stat_cache_priority
      - wait_leader_batch_count
      - log_disk_size
      - log_disk_percentage
      - tablet_ls_cache_priority
      - opt_tab_stat_cache_priority
      - zone_merge_concurrency
      - index_block_cache_priority
      - zone_merge_order
      - sql_login_thread_count
      - zone_merge_timeout
      - enable_asan_for_memory_context
      - ob_esi_rpc_port
      - enable_cgroup
      - enable_ob_esi_process
      - diag_syslog_per_error_limit
      - ob_esi_session_timeout
      - ob_esi_io_concurrency
      - ob_startup_mode
      - ob_esi_memory_limit
      - log_storage_warning_tolerance_time
      - ob_esi_syslog_level
      - ob_esi_max_syslog_file_count
      - sql_net_thread_count
      - minor_freeze_times
      - minor_merge_concurrency
      - minor_warm_up_duration_time
      - multiblock_read_gap_size
      - multiblock_read_size
      - ofs_list
      - partition_table_check_interval
      - replica_safe_remove_time
      - resource_soft_limit
      - restore_concurrency
      - row_purge_thread_count
    - Tenant level
      - audit_sys_operations
      - audit_trail
      - clog_max_unconfirmed_log_count
      - clog_persistence_compress_func
      - connection_control_failed_connections_threshold
      - connection_control_min_connection_delay
      - connection_control_max_connection_delay
      - enable_clog_persistence_compress
      - enable_early_lock_release
      - enable_monotonic_weak_read
      - external_kms_info
      - enable_sql_extension
      - default_progressive_merge_num
      - io_category_config
      - log_disk_utilization_limit_threshold
      - log_disk_utilization_threshold
      - major_compact_trigger
      - compaction_low_thread_score
      - max_stale_time_for_weak_consistency
      - compaction_high_thread_score
      - minor_compact_trigger
      - compaction_mid_thread_score
      - ob_enable_batched_multi_statement
      - ob_proxy_readonly_transaction_routing_policy
      - ob_ssl_invited_common_names
      - open_cursors
      - plsql_code_type
      - plsql_debug
      - plsql_optimize_level
      - plsql_warnings
      - sql_work_area
      - tde_method
      - writing_throttling_maximum_duration
      - writing_throttling_trigger_percentage
      - workarea_size_policy
      - plsql_v2_compatibility
      - job_queue_processes
      - ha_high_thread_score
      - ha_mid_thread_score
      - ha_low_thread_score
      - ob_compaction_schedule_interval
      - default_auto_increment_mode
      - ob_query_switch_leader_retry_timeout
      - default_enable_extended_rowid
      - major_freeze_duty_time
      - undo_retention
      - query_response_time_stats
      - query_response_time_flush
      - query_response_time_range_base
      - merger_check_interval
      - freeze_trigger_percentage
      - cpu_quota_concurrency
      - arbitration_timeout
      - compatible
      - log_transport_compress_all
      - log_transport_compress_func
      - rpc_memory_limit_percentage
      - tenant_sql_login_thread_count
      - tenant_sql_net_thread_count
      - dump_data_dictionary_to_log_interval
      - enable_user_defined_rewrite_rules
      - log_restore_concurrency
      - log_archive_concurrency
  - System variables
    - Overview
    - System variable summary
    - Global variables
      - auto_increment_cache_size
      - auto_increment_increment
      - auto_increment_offset
      - autocommit
      - binlog_row_image
      - block_encryption_mode
      - character_set_client
      - character_set_connection
      - character_set_database
      - character_set_filesystem
      - character_set_results
      - character_set_server
      - character_set_system
      - collation_connection
      - collation_database
      - collation_server
      - connect_timeout
      - cursor_sharing
      - datadir
      - debug_sync
      - default_password_lifetime
      - div_precision_increment
      - error_on_overlap_time
      - explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
      - foreign_key_checks
      - group_concat_max_len
      - identity
      - init_connect
      - innodb_strict_mode
      - interactive_timeout
      - license
      - lower_case_table_names
      - max_allowed_packet
      - max_connections
      - max_sp_recursion_depth
      - max_user_connections
      - net_buffer_length
      - net_read_timeout
      - net_write_timeout
      - nls_calendar
      - nls_characterset
      - nls_comp
      - nls_currency
      - nls_date_format
      - nls_date_language
      - nls_dual_currency
      - nls_iso_currency
      - nls_length_semantics
      - nls_nchar_characterset
      - nls_nchar_conv_excp
      - nls_numeric_characters
      - nls_sort
      - nls_territory
      - nls_timestamp_format
      - nls_timestamp_tz_format
      - ob_bnl_join_cache_size
      - ob_create_table_strict_mode
      - ob_default_replica_num
      - ob_compatibility_mode
      - ob_enable_blk_nestedloop_join
      - ob_early_lock_release
      - ob_enable_hash_group_by
      - ob_enable_aggregation_pushdown
      - ob_enable_index_direct_select
      - ob_enable_jit
      - ob_enable_plan_cache
      - ob_enable_sql_audit
      - ob_enable_transformation
      - ob_enable_transmission_checksum
      - ob_enable_truncate_flashback
      - ob_global_debug_sync
      - ob_log_level
      - ob_pl_block_timeout
      - ob_plan_cache_evict_high_percentage
      - ob_plan_cache_evict_low_percentage
      - ob_plan_cache_percentage
      - ob_proxy_global_variables_version
      - ob_query_timeout
      - ob_read_consistency
      - ob_reserved_meta_memory_percentage
      - ob_route_policy
      - ob_sql_audit_percentage
      - ob_sql_work_area_percentage
      - ob_tcp_invited_nodes
      - ob_temp_tablespace_size_percentage
      - ob_timestamp_service
      - ob_trx_idle_timeout
      - ob_trx_lock_timeout
      - ob_trx_timeout
      - optimizer_capture_sql_plan_baselines
      - optimizer_use_sql_plan_baselines
      - parallel_max_servers
      - parallel_servers_target
      - performance_schema
      - plugin_dir
      - query_cache_size
      - query_cache_type
      - read_only
      - recyclebin
      - resource_manager_plan
      - secure_file_priv
      - sql_auto_is_null
      - sql_mode
      - sql_quote_show_create
      - sql_safe_updates
      - sql_select_limit
      - sql_throttle_current_priority
      - sql_throttle_network
      - sql_throttle_priority
      - sql_throttle_rt
      - sql_warnings
      - system_time_zone
      - time_zone
      - transaction_isolation
      - transaction_read_only
      - tx_isolation
      - tx_read_only
      - version
      - version_comment
      - wait_timeout
      - validate_password_check_user_name
      - validate_password_length
      - validate_password_mixed_case_count
      - validate_password_number_count
      - validate_password_policy
      - validate_password_special_char_count
      - server_uuid
      - default_storage_engine
      - ob_enable_rich_error_msg
      - cte_max_recursion_depth
      - regexp_stack_limit
      - event_scheduler
      - regexp_time_limit
      - log_row_value_options
      - ob_max_read_stale_time
    - Session-level variables
      - is_result_accurate
      - last_insert_id
      - nls_language
      - ob_capability_flag
      - ob_enable_show_trace
      - ob_last_schema_version
      - ob_org_cluster_id
      - ob_proxy_partition_hit
      - ob_proxy_set_trx_executed
      - ob_trace_info
      - timestamp
      - tracefile_identifier
  - System views (MySQL mode)
    - Overview
    - Dictionary views
      - Overview
      - information_schema.CHARACTER_SETS
      - information_schema.CHECK_CONSTRAINTS
      - information_schema.COLLATIONS
      - information_schema.COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY
      - information_schema.COLUMNS
      - information_schema.COLUMN_PRIVILEGES
      - information_schema.CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS
      - information_schema.ENGINES
      - information_schema.GLOBAL_STATUS
      - information_schema.GLOBAL_VARIABLES
      - information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
      - information_schema.PARAMETERS
      - information_schema.PARTITIONS
      - information_schema.PROCESSLIST
      - information_schema.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
      - information_schema.ROUTINES
      - information_schema.SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES
      - information_schema.SCHEMATA
      - information_schema.SESSION_STATUS
      - information_schema.SESSION_VARIABLES
      - information_schema.STATISTICS
      - information_schema.TABLES
      - information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
      - information_schema.TABLE_PRIVILEGES
      - information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES
      - information_schema.VIEW_TABLE_USAGE
      - information_schema.VIEWS
      - mysql.db
      - mysql.help_category
      - mysql.help_keyword
      - mysql.help_relation
      - mysql.help_topic
      - mysql.proc
      - mysql.time_zone
      - mysql.time_zone_name
      - mysql.time_zone_transition
      - mysql.time_zone_transition_type
      - mysql.user
      - oceanbase.DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESOURCE_POOLS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ROOTSERVICE_EVENT_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVERS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_CONFIGS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNITS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OBJECTS
      - oceanbase.DBA_PART_INDEXES
      - oceanbase.DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - oceanbase.DBA_PART_TABLES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_SEQUENCE_OBJECTS
      - oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - oceanbase.DBA_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.CDB_IND_COLUMNS
      - oceanbase.CDB_IND_PARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.CDB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.CDB_INDEXES
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASES
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUPS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
      - oceanbase.CDB_OBJECTS
      - oceanbase.CDB_PART_INDEXES
      - oceanbase.CDB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - oceanbase.CDB_PART_TABLES
      - oceanbase.CDB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - oceanbase.CDB_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
      - oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
      - oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS
      - oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS_V$
      - oceanbase.CDB_TAB_PARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.CDB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
      - oceanbase.CDB_TABLES
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINE_CONCURRENT_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_SYS_VARIABLES
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_COLUMN_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATISTICS
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
      - oceanbase.DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS
      - oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
      - oceanbase.DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS
      - oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS
      - oceanbase.DBA_IND_STATISTICS
      - oceanbase.DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
      - oceanbase.DBA_SQL_MANAGEMENT_CONFIG
      - information_schema.QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_EVENT_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_FREEZE_INFO
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_FREEZE_INFO
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
      - oceanbase.DBA_SEQUENCES
      - oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_USERS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_USERS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_USER_DEFINED_RULES
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
      - oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
      - information_schema.ST_GEOMETRY_COLUMNS
      - information_schema.ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_CLUSTER_EVENT_HISTORY
      - oceanbase.DBA_OB_RSRC_IO_DIRECTIVES
      - oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLANS
      - oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
      - oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
      - oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
    - Performance views
      - Overview
      - GV$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
      - GV$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
      - GV$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
      - GV$OB_KVCACHE
      - GV$OB_PARAMETERS
      - GV$OB_PROCESSLIST
      - GV$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
      - GV$OB_SERVERS
      - GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
      - GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
      - GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
      - GV$OB_UNITS
      - GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
      - GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
      - GV$SESSION_EVENT
      - GV$SESSION_WAIT
      - GV$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
      - GV$SYSTEM_EVENT
      - GV$SESSTAT
      - GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
      - GV$LATCH
      - GV$OB_MEMORY
      - GV$OB_MEMSTORE
      - GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
      - GV$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
      - GV$OB_RPC_INCOMING
      - GV$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
      - GV$SESSION_LONGOPS
      - GV$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
      - GV$OB_PS_STAT
      - GV$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
      - GV$SQL_WORKAREA
      - GV$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
      - GV$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
      - GV$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
      - GV$OB_MERGE_INFO
      - GV$OB_SSTABLES
      - GV$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
      - V$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
      - V$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
      - V$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
      - V$OB_KVCACHE
      - V$OB_PARAMETERS
      - V$OB_PROCESSLIST
      - V$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
      - V$OB_SERVERS
      - V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
      - V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
      - V$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
      - V$OB_UNITS
      - V$STATNAME
      - V$EVENT_NAME
      - V$SESSION_WAIT
      - V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
      - V$SESSTAT
      - V$SYSTEM_EVENT
      - V$OB_MEMORY
      - V$OB_MEMSTORE
      - V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
      - V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
      - V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
      - V$OB_SQL_AUDIT
      - V$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
      - V$OB_RPC_INCOMING
      - V$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
      - V$SESSION_LONGOPS
      - V$LATCH
      - V$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
      - V$OB_PS_STAT
      - V$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
      - V$SQL_WORKAREA
      - V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
      - V$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
      - V$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
      - V$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
      - V$OB_MERGE_INFO
      - V$SQL_MONITOR_STATNAME
      - V$OB_ENCRYPTED_TABLES
      - V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES
      - V$OB_SSTABLES
      - V$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
      - GV$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
      - GV$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
      - V$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
      - GV$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
      - V$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
      - GV$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
      - V$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
      - GV$SYSSTAT
      - V$SYSSTAT
      - V$SESSION_EVENT
      - GV$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
      - V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
      - GV$DML_STATS
      - V$DML_STATS
      - GV$OB_LOG_STAT
      - V$OB_LOG_STAT
      - GV$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
      - V$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
      - V$OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_PLAN
      - V$OB_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS
      - GV$OB_LOG_STAT
      - V$RSRC_PLAN
  - System views (Oracle mode)
    - Overview
    - Dictionary views
      - Overview
      - ALL_ALL_TABLES
      - ALL_ARGUMENTS
      - ALL_COL_COMMENTS
      - ALL_COLL_TYPES
      - ALL_COL_PRIVS
      - ALL_CONSTRAINTS
      - ALL_CONS_COLUMNS
      - ALL_DEF_AUDIT_OPTS
      - ALL_ERRORS
      - ALL_INDEXES
      - ALL_IND_COLUMNS
      - ALL_IND_EXPRESSIONS
      - ALL_IND_PARTITIONS
      - ALL_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
      - ALL_METHOD_PARAMS
      - ALL_OBJECTS
      - ALL_PART_INDEXES
      - ALL_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - ALL_PART_TABLES
      - ALL_PROCEDURES
      - ALL_PROFILES
      - ALL_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
      - ALL_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
      - ALL_SEQUENCES
      - ALL_SOURCE
      - ALL_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
      - ALL_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - ALL_SYNONYMS
      - ALL_TABLES
      - ALL_TAB_COLS
      - ALL_TAB_COLUMNS
      - ALL_TAB_COMMENTS
      - ALL_TAB_PARTITIONS
      - ALL_TAB_PRIVS
      - ALL_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
      - ALL_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
      - ALL_TRIGGERS
      - ALL_TYPES
      - ALL_TYPE_ATTRS
      - ALL_TYPE_METHODS
      - ALL_USERS
      - ALL_VIEWS
      - ALL_DIRECTORIES
      - ALL_DEPENDENCIES
      - ALL_PART_COL_STATISTICS
      - ALL_PART_HISTOGRAMS
      - ALL_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
      - ALL_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
      - ALL_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
      - ALL_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
      - ALL_TAB_STATISTICS
      - AUDIT_ACTIONS
      - DBA_ALL_TABLES
      - DBA_ARGUMENTS
      - DBA_AUDIT_EXISTS
      - DBA_AUDIT_OBJECT
      - DBA_AUDIT_SESSION
      - DBA_AUDIT_STATEMENT
      - DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL
      - DBA_COLL_TYPES
      - DBA_COL_COMMENTS
      - DBA_COL_PRIVS
      - DBA_CONSTRAINTS
      - DBA_CONS_COLUMNS
      - DBA_CONTEXT
      - DBA_ERRORS
      - DBA_INDEXES
      - DBA_IND_COLUMNS
      - DBA_IND_EXPRESSIONS
      - DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
      - DBA_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
      - DBA_OB_DATABASES
      - DBA_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
      - DBA_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
      - DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
      - DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
      - DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
      - DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS
      - DBA_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
      - DBA_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
      - DBA_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
      - DBA_METHOD_PARAMS
      - DBA_OBJECTS
      - DBA_OBJ_AUDIT_OPTS
      - DBA_PART_INDEXES
      - DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - DBA_PART_TABLES
      - DBA_PROCEDURES
      - DBA_PROFILES
      - DBA_ROLES
      - DBA_ROLE_PRIVS
      - DBA_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
      - DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS
      - DBA_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM
      - DBA_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
      - DBA_SEGMENTS
      - DBA_SOURCE
      - DBA_STMT_AUDIT_OPTS
      - DBA_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
      - DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - DBA_SYNONYMS
      - DBA_SYS_PRIVS
      - DBA_TABLES
      - DBA_TABLESPACES
      - DBA_TAB_COLS
      - DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
      - DBA_TAB_COMMENTS
      - DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
      - DBA_TAB_PRIVS
      - DBA_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
      - DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
      - DBA_TRIGGERS
      - DBA_TYPES
      - DBA_TYPE_ATTRS
      - DBA_TYPE_METHODS
      - DBA_USERS
      - DBA_VIEWS
      - DBA_RECYCLEBIN
      - DBA_DEPENDENCIES
      - DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
      - DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
      - DBA_RSRC_PLANS
      - DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
      - DBA_DIRECTORIES
      - DBA_JOBS
      - DBA_JOBS_RUNNING
      - DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS
      - DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS
      - DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
      - DBA_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
      - DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
      - DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
      - DBA_TAB_STATISTICS
      - NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
      - NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
      - NLS_SESSION_PARAMETERS
      - STMT_AUDIT_OPTION_MAP
      - TENANT_VIRTUAL_GLOBAL_VARIABLE
      - TENANT_VIRTUAL_SESSION_VARIABLE
      - USER_ALL_TABLES
      - USER_ARGUMENTS
      - USER_AUDIT_OBJECT
      - USER_AUDIT_SESSION
      - USER_AUDIT_STATEMENT
      - USER_AUDIT_TRAIL
      - USER_COLL_TYPES
      - USER_COL_COMMENTS
      - USER_COL_PRIVS
      - USER_CONSTRAINTS
      - USER_CONS_COLUMNS
      - USER_ERRORS
      - USER_INDEXES
      - USER_IND_COLUMNS
      - USER_IND_EXPRESSIONS
      - USER_IND_PARTITIONS
      - USER_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
      - USER_OBJECTS
      - USER_PART_INDEXES
      - USER_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - USER_PART_TABLES
      - USER_PROCEDURES
      - USER_PROFILES
      - USER_ROLE_PRIVS
      - USER_SEGMENTS
      - USER_SEQUENCES
      - USER_SOURCE
      - USER_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
      - USER_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
      - USER_SYNONYMS
      - USER_SYS_PRIVS
      - USER_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
      - USER_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
      - USER_TRIGGERS
      - USER_TABLES
      - USER_TABLESPACES
      - USER_TAB_COLS
      - USER_TAB_COLUMNS
      - USER_TAB_COMMENTS
      - USER_TAB_PARTITIONS
      - USER_TAB_PRIVS
      - USER_TYPES
      - USER_TYPE_ATTRS
      - USER_TYPE_METHODS
      - USER_VIEWS
      - USER_JOBS
      - USER_RECYCLEBIN
      - USER_DEPENDENCIES
      - USER_PART_COL_STATISTICS
      - USER_PART_HISTOGRAMS
      - USER_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
      - USER_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
      - USER_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
      - USER_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
      - USER_TAB_STATISTICS
      - ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
      - ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
      - ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
      - DICTIONARY
      - DICT
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
      - DBA_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
      - DBA_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG
      - DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
      - DBA_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
      - DBA_OB_OUTLINE_CONCURRENT_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_OUTLINES
      - DBA_OB_CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
      - DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
      - DBA_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
      - ALL_IND_STATISTICS
      - DBA_IND_STATISTICS
      - USER_IND_STATISTICS
      - ALL_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
      - DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
      - USER_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
      - DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
      - DBA_SQL_MANAGEMENT_CONFIG
      - USER_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
      - USER_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
      - DBA_OB_LS
      - DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
      - DBA_OB_FREEZE_INFO
      - DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
      - DBA_SEQUENCES
      - DBA_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
      - ALL_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
      - DBA_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
      - DBA_OB_USER_DEFINED_RULES
      - DBA_OB_TENANTS
      - DBA_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
      - DBA_POLICIES
      - ALL_POLICIES
      - USER_POLICIES
      - DBA_POLICY_GROUPS
      - ALL_POLICY_GROUPS
      - USER_POLICY_GROUPS
      - DBA_POLICY_CONTEXTS
      - ALL_POLICY_CONTEXTS
      - USER_POLICY_CONTEXTS
      - DBA_SEC_RELEVANT_COLS
      - ALL_SEC_RELEVANT_COLS
      - USER_SEC_RELEVANT_COLS
      - DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
      - DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
      - ALL_TRIGGER_ORDERING
      - DBA_TRIGGER_ORDERING
      - USER_TRIGGER_ORDERING
      - DBA_OB_RSRC_IO_DIRECTIVES
      - ALL_DB_LINKS
      - DBA_DB_LINKS
      - USER_DB_LINKS
    - Performance views
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USER

Last Updated：2023-07-28 02:55:42 Updated

Purpose

USER() returns the name of the current logged-on user.

Syntax

USER

Return type

The return type is VARCHAR2.

Examples

Return the name of the current user.

obclient> SELECT USER FROM DUAL;
+------+
| USER |
+------+
| SYS  |
+------+
1 row in set

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