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Start on Cloud

A unified distributed database ready for your transactional, analytical, and AI workloads.

DEPLOY YOUR WAY

OceanBase Cloud

The best way to deploy and scale OceanBase

OceanBase Enterprise

Run and manage OceanBase on your infra

TRY OPEN SOURCE

OceanBase Community Edition

The free, open-source distributed database

OceanBase seekdb

Open source AI native search database

Customer Stories

Real-world success stories from enterprises across diverse industries.

View All
BY USE CASES

Mission-Critical Transactions

Global & Multicloud Application

Elastic Scaling for Peak Traffic

Real-time Analytics

Active Geo-redundancy

Database Consolidation

Comprehensive knowledge hub for OceanBase.

Blog

Live Demos

Training & Certification

Documentation

Official technical guides, tutorials, API references, and manuals for all OceanBase products.

View All
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QUICK START
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OceanBase Database

SQL - V4.1.0Enterprise Edition

  • What is OceanBase Database
    • Overview
    • Differences between the features of the Enterprise Edition and the Community Edition
    • System architecture
    • Compatibility with Oracle
      • Overview
      • SQL data types
      • Built-in functions
      • System views
    • Compatibility with MySQL
    • Limitations
  • Get Started
    • Get started with OceanBase Database
    • Learn OceanBase SQL
      • Before you begin
      • Basic SQL operations (MySQL mode)
      • Basic SQL operations (Oracle mode)
    • Build a sample application (MySQL mode)
      • Build a Python application
      • Build a Java application
      • Build a C application
      • Build a Go application
    • Build a sample application (Oracle mode)
      • Build a Python application
      • Build a Java application
      • Build a C application
    • Try out advanced features of OceanBase Database
      • Scalable OLTP
        • Run the TPC-C benchmark in OceanBase Database
        • Try out the hot row update capability of OceanBase Database
      • Try out operational OLAP
      • Try out parallel import and data compression
      • Try out the multi-tenant feature
      • DDL
        • Try out new DDL features in MySQL mode
        • Try out new DDL features in Oracle mode
    • Video tutorials
  • Develop
    • Develop applications in MySQL mode
      • Connect to OceanBase Database
        • Overview
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using the mysql client
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Boot
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Batch
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring JDBC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring JPA
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Hibernate
        • Use database connection pool
          • Database connection pool configuration
          • Configure a Tomcat connection pool
          • Configure a C3P0 connection pool
          • Configure a Proxool connection pool
          • Configure a HiKariCP connection pool
          • Configure a DBCP connection pool
          • Configure a CommonPool connection pool
          • Configure a JDBC connection pool
      • Create database objects
        • Create a database
        • Create a table
        • Create indexes
      • Write data
        • Insert data
        • Update data
        • Delete data
        • Replace data
      • Read data
        • About queries
        • Single-table queries
        • Conditional queries
        • ORDER BY queries
        • GROUP BY queries
        • Use the LIMIT clause in queries
        • Join tables
          • INNER JOIN queries
          • FULL JOIN queries
          • LEFT JOIN queries
          • RIGHT JOIN queries
          • Subqueries
        • Use operators and functions in queries
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use numerical functions in queries
          • Use string concatenation operators in queries
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use datetime functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use the CASE conditional operator in queries
          • Use the SELECT FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
        • Execution plans
          • View an execution plan
          • Understand an execution plan
        • Use SQL hints in queries
        • Variables of query timeout
      • Transactions
        • Overview
        • Start a transaction
        • Savepoints
          • Mark a savepoint
          • Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
          • Release a savepoint
        • Commit a transaction
        • Roll back a transaction
      • Troubleshoot common errors
        • Disconnected from the server, with ERROR 2013 reported
        • Idle transaction timed out, with ERROR 6002 reported
        • Transaction timed out, with ERROR 4012 reported
        • User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
        • Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
        • Table already exists, with ERROR 1050 reported
        • Table does not exist, with ERROR 1146 reported
        • Duplicate data inserted, with ERROR 1062 reported
        • ERROR 1215 reported in foreign key addition
        • Data truncated while being inserted, with ERROR 1265 reported
    • Develop applications in Oracle mode
      • Connect to OceanBase Database
        • Overview
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Boot
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Batch
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring JDBC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using MyBatis
        • Use database connection pool
          • Database connection pool configuration
          • Configure a Tomcat connection pool
          • Configure a C3P0 connection pool
          • Configure a Proxool connection pool
          • Configure a HiKariCP connection pool
          • Example of configuring a DBCP connection pool
          • Configure a CommonPool connection pool
          • Configure a JDBC connection pool
      • Create database objects
        • Create a table
        • Create an index
      • Write data
        • Insert data
        • Update data
        • Delete data
        • Replace data
      • Read data
        • About queries
        • Single-table queries
        • Conditional queries
        • ORDER BY queries
        • GROUP BY queries
        • Use Row_Limiting_Clause in queries
        • Join tables
          • INNER JOIN queries
          • FULL JOIN queries
          • LEFT JOIN queries
          • RIGHT JOIN queries
          • Subqueries
        • Use operators and functions in queries
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use numerical functions in queries
          • Use string concatenation operators in queries
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use datetime functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use CASE functions in queries
          • Use the SELECT FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
        • Execution plans
          • View execution plans of queries
          • Understand an execution plan
        • Use SQL hints in queries
        • About query timeout variables
      • Transactions
        • Overview
        • Start a transaction
        • Savepoints
          • Mark a savepoint
          • Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
        • Commit a transaction
        • Roll back a transaction
      • Troubleshoot common errors
        • Idle transaction timed out, with ORA-24761 error reported
        • Transaction timeout, with ORA-00600 error reported
        • User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
        • Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
        • Table already exists, with ORA-00955 error reported
        • Table does not exist, with ORA-04043 error reported
        • Duplicate data inserted, with ORA-00001 error reported
        • ORA-00600 error reported in foreign key addition
        • Inconsistent data types, with ORA-00932 error reported
  • Deploy
    • Overview
    • OceanBase cluster deployment solutions
    • Deploy OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition
      • Deployment process
      • Before deployment
        • Prepare servers
        • Configure servers
        • Prepare installation packages
      • Deploy through GUI
        • Configure deployment environment
          • Deploy OAT
          • Verify OAT deployment
          • Configure the clock source
          • Upload installation packages
          • Add a server
          • Edit a server
          • Create MetaDB
        • Deploy OCP
          • Overview
          • Deploy OCP
          • Verify OCP deployment
        • Deploy OceanBase clusters
          • Add an OBServer node to the resource pool
          • Create an OceanBase cluster
        • Deploy ODP
          • Overview
          • Deploy ODP
        • Create OceanBase tenant
          • View resources available for a business tenant
          • Create a tenant
          • Verify connectivity after tenant creation
        • Deploy ODC
          • Overview
          • Deploy ODC
          • Verify ODC deployment
      • Deploy through CLI
        • Configure deployment environment
          • Install oat-cli
          • Use oat-cli to configure the deployment environment
          • Configure the clock source
          • Upload installation packages
          • Configure host information
          • Check the environment before deployment
        • Deploy OCP
          • Overview
          • Generate a configuration file
          • Deploy OCP
          • Verify OCP deployment
        • Deploy OceanBase clusters
          • Deploy a single-replica OceanBase cluster
          • Deploy a three-replica OceanBase cluster
        • Deploy ODP
          • Deploy ODP
        • Create OceanBase tenants
          • View resources available for a business tenant
          • Create a tenant
          • Verify connectivity after tenant creation
        • Deploy ODC
          • Overview
          • Modify the configuration file
          • Start deployment
          • Verify deployment
    • Deploy OceanBase Database Community Edition
      • Overview
      • Deploy locally
        • Software and hardware requirements
        • Before deployment
          • Check resources
          • Set password-free SSH logon
          • Configure the clock source
          • Perform disk planning
          • Configure the limits.conf file
          • Configure the sysctl.conf file
          • Disable the firewall and SELinux
          • Create a user
        • Deploy through GUI
          • Deploy an OceanBase cluster by using OCP
        • Deploy OceanBase Database in a production environment by using a CLI
      • Deploy OceanBase Database in a Kubernetes cluster
    • Clean up an old cluster
  • Migrate
    • About data migration
    • Migrate from MySQL databases to OceanBase Database
      • Migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database by using mydumper and myloader
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use CloudCanal to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use Canal to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use Flink CDC to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use ChunJun to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to MySQL databases
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Synchronize data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using Canal
      • Migrate data from a MySQL OceanBase database to a MySQL database using CloudCanal
      • Migrate data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using Flink CDC
      • Migrate data from a MySQL database in OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using ChunJun
    • Migrate from Oracle databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to Oracle databases
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
    • Migrate from DB2 databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate DB2 LUW table schemas to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from CSV files to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate CSV files to OceanBase Database
      • Import data by using the LOAD DATA statement
    • Import data from SQL files to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate data between OceanBase Database
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between MySQL tenants in OceanBase Database clusters
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from a MySQL tenant to an Oracle tenant in an OceanBase cluster
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between Oracle tenants in OceanBase Database clusters
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from an Oracle tenant to a MySQL tenant in OceanBase Database
    • Migrate data using SQL statements
      • Migrate data between tables
      • Migrate resource units
      • Export data by using OUTFILE statements
    • Bypass import
      • Overview
      • Import data in bypass mode by using the LOAD DATA statement
      • Import data in bypass mode by using the INSERT INTO SELECT statement
  • Manage
    • Log on to an OceanBase Database tenant
    • Manage clusters
      • Overview
      • Cluster parameters
      • Common cluster operations
        • View a zone
        • View a node
        • Restart a node
        • Add a node
        • Delete a node
        • Isolate a node
        • Replace a node
        • Start a zone
        • Add a zone
        • Delete a zone
        • Modify a zone
        • Isolate a zone
        • View cluster parameters
        • Modify cluster parameters
        • Online scale-out from standalone deployment to distributed deployment
        • Upgrade clusters
          • Upgrade using CLI
            • Overview
            • Perform an upgrade
            • Check upgrade results
      • Troubleshoot common problems
        • Failures of a minority of nodes
        • Failures of the majority of nodes
    • Manage tenants
      • Tenant introduction
      • Tenant capacity
      • Tenant types
      • User tenants
      • System variables of a tenant
      • Common tenant operations
        • Create a tenant
        • Resource isolation
          • Overview
          • Manage resource isolation (Oracle mode)
            • Configure cgroups
            • Configure user-level resource isolation
            • Configure SQL statement-level resource isolation
            • Update a plan directive
            • Delete a plan directive
            • Delete a resource management plan
            • Delete a resource group
            • Clear cgroup configurations
          • Manage resource isolation (MySQL mode)
            • Configure cgroups
            • Configure user-level resource isolation
            • Configure SQL statement-level resource isolation
            • Update a plan directive
            • Delete a plan directive
            • Delete a resource management plan
            • Delete a resource group
            • Clear cgroup configurations
        • View tenant and resource information
        • Set and modify the tenant allowlist
        • View system variables of a tenant
        • Modify system variables of a tenant
        • Scale in/out
          • Tenant scaling
          • Modify the unit configs for a tenant
          • Modify the number of resource units for a tenant
          • Modify the number of primary zones for a tenant
        • Modify the attributes of a resource pool
        • Modify attributes of a tenant
        • Lock and unlock a tenant
        • Drop a tenant
        • Restore a tenant
        • Drop a resource pool
        • Drop a unit config
    • Manage replicas
      • What is replica
      • Replica distribution
        • Locality
        • Locality common operations
          • View locality
          • Modify locality
          • Add replicas
          • Remove replicas
          • Adjust the distribution of replicas
          • View the locality change history
          • Migrate units
      • Traffic distribution
      • Data distribution
    • High availability
      • What is high availability
      • Multi-replica disaster recovery
        • Data links
        • High availability of ODP
        • Database-level high availability
        • Disaster recovery architecture and levels
      • Physical standby database disaster recovery
        • Overview
        • Limitations
        • Create a standby tenant
        • Change the restore source of a standby tenant
        • Monitor the log synchronization status of a standby tenant
        • Adjust the log synchronization performance of a standby tenant
        • Adjust the log archiving speed of the primary tenant
        • Switch roles
          • Overview
          • Switchover
          • Failover
        • Drop a primary or standby tenant
      • Arbitration high availability
        • Overview
        • Enable the arbitration service
        • Disable the arbitration service
        • Modify the downgrade timeout period
        • Replace the arbitration service
        • Remove the arbitration service
      • Manage recycle bin
        • Recycle bin
        • Enable or disable the recycle bin
        • View objects in the recycle bin
        • Restore objects from the recycle bin
        • Purge the recycle bin
      • Flashback queries
    • Security and permissions
      • Overview
      • Identification and authentication
        • MySQL mode
          • Authentication
          • Password complexity
          • Login failure processing
        • Oracle mode
          • Authentication
          • Password complexity
          • Login failure processing
      • Access control
        • Overview
        • Users and permissions
          • Overview
          • MySQL mode
            • Privilege types in MySQL mode
            • Grant privileges
            • Privilege delegation
            • View user privileges
            • Modify user privileges
          • Oracle mode
            • Privilege types in Oracle mode
            • Direct privileges
            • Privilege delegation
            • Manage roles
            • Indirect privileges
            • View user privileges
            • Modify user privileges
        • Network security access control
        • Row-level access control
      • Data transmission encryption
        • Overview
        • OBServer transmission encryption
        • ODP transmission encryption
      • Transparent data encryption
        • Overview
        • MySQL mode
          • Enable transparent data encryption for new tables
          • Enable transparent data encryption for existing tables
          • Decrypt a table
        • Oracle mode
          • Enable transparent data encryption for a new table
          • Enable transparent data encryption for an existing table
          • Decrypt a table
      • Security audit
        • Overview
        • Enable security audit
        • Set and view audit rules
        • View audit records
        • Audit user logon operations
        • Audit user operations
        • Audit specified database objects
    • Backup and restore
      • Introduction to physical backup and restore
      • Deploy NFS
      • Log archive
        • Overview
        • Prepare for log archiving
        • Enable log archiving
        • Disable log archiving
        • View information about pieces
        • View the archiving progress
        • View the archiving history
        • View the archiving parameter settings
        • Change the destination of log archiving
        • Views related to log archiving
      • Data backup
        • Preparations
        • Initiate a full data backup job
        • Initiate an incremental data backup job
        • Stop a backup job
        • View the data backup progress
        • View the data backup history
        • View data backup parameter settings
        • Change the backup destination
        • Views related to data backup
      • Clear backup data
        • Automatic cleanup of expired backups
        • Stop backup cleanup
        • Query the backup cleanup progress
        • Query the backup cleanup history
        • Backup cleanup parameter
        • Views related to backup cleanup
      • Restore data
        • Preparations before the restore
        • Perform physical restore
        • Cancel the restore
        • Query the restore progress
        • Query the restore result
        • Change the role of a standby tenant to PRIMARY
        • Replay logs to a standby tenant
        • Parameters related to physical restore
        • Views related to physical restore
    • Monitoring
      • Overview
      • Metrics
        • System monitoring
          • Overview
          • Metrics
          • Wait events
          • Latch events
        • SQL monitoring
          • Overview
          • SQL Audit
          • Execution plans
      • Cases
    • Logs
      • Overview
      • Log levels
      • Log stability
      • Log control
      • Log metrics
      • View logs
        • Search for the logs of a specific SQL request
    • Performance tuning
      • SQL tuning
        • Execution plan optimization
          • Statistical information and row estimation
            • Statistical information
              • Collect statistical information
                • Automatic statistics collection
        • Business logic optimization
          • Schema specifications
    • Troubleshooting
      • Troubleshoot SQL execution errors
  • Reference
    • Concepts
      • Overall architecture of OceanBase Database
      • Database objects
        • Oracle mode
          • Tables
            • Overview
        • MySQL mode
          • Tables
            • Data type
              • Date and time data types
      • Data reliability and high availability
        • High availability architecture
          • Automatic handling of node failures
    • Administrator guide
      • Database connection and routing
        • Overview
        • Manage ODP
          • Overview
          • Manage ODP clusters
            • Create an ODP cluster
            • Manage ODP cluster parameters
            • Delete an ODP cluster
            • Upgrade all ODPs in an ODP cluster
            • Restart all ODPs in an ODP cluster
            • Manage OceanBase clusters connected to an ODP
            • Monitor ODP cluster performance
          • Manage ODP
            • Add an ODP
            • Start an ODP
            • Refresh ODP configurations
            • Stop an ODP
            • Restart an ODP
            • Delete an ODP
            • Upgrade one or more ODPs
          • ODP startup parameters
        • Physical connections
        • Logical connection
          • Query all sessions
          • Query the details of a session
          • Query the metrics of a session
          • Query session variables
          • Terminate a server session
        • Manage routing
          • Table-based routing of ODP
          • LDC-based routing
          • ODP routing policy
            • Read/Write splitting
            • Follower-first read
            • Blocklist mechanism
            • Transaction routing
      • Cluster and multi-tenant management
        • Manage clusters
          • Create a cluster
          • Manage clusters
          • Manage cluster parameters
            • Overview
            • Query cluster parameters
            • Modify cluster-level parameters
          • Manage zones in clusters
            • Overview of zone management
            • Add or delete a zone
            • Start or stop a zone
            • Modify the configurations of a zone
            • Restart a zone
            • Isolate a failed zone
          • Manage nodes
            • Add nodes
            • View the status of a node
            • Stop or start a node
            • Restart a node
            • Isolate a failed node
            • Delete a node
            • Replace a node
          • View the topology of a cluster
          • Overview of cluster tenant management
          • Monitor cluster performance
          • Cluster performance report
          • View resource information of a cluster
        • Manage configurations
          • Overview of configuration management
          • Set parameters
          • Set variables
          • General system parameters
          • Default production parameters
          • Minimum resource configurations
        • Manage resources
          • Overview
          • Create a resource unit configuration
          • Manage resource units
            • View resource unit configurations
            • Modify configurations of a resource unit
            • Drop a resource unit
          • Create a resource pool
          • Manage resource pools
            • View resource pools
            • Allocate a resource pool to a tenant
            • Modify a resource pool
            • Merge resource pools
            • Split a resource pool
            • Remove a resource pool from a tenant
            • Delete a resource pool
          • View resource allocation
        • Manage tenants
          • Overview of tenant management
          • Create a tenant
          • Create a user tenant
          • View tenant information
          • Copy a tenant
          • Modify a tenant
          • Rename a tenant
          • Drop a tenant
          • Manage users and permissions
            • Introduction
              • Overview
              • sys tenant
              • Oracle tenants
              • MySQL tenants
            • Oracle mode
              • Create a user
              • Set password complexity rules
              • Handle logon failures
              • View user privileges
              • Modify user privileges
              • Change the password of a user
              • Lock and unlock a user
              • Drop a user
              • Manage roles
                • Overview
                • Create a role
                • Assign a role to another role
                • Assign a role to a user
                • Specify valid or invalid roles for a user
                • View roles
                • Modify a role
                • Revoke a role
                • Drop a role
            • MySQL mode
              • Create a user
              • Set password complexity rules
              • Handle logon failures
              • View user privileges
              • Modify user privileges
              • Change the password of a user
              • Lock and unlock a user
              • Drop a user
          • Set and view the tenant allowlist
          • View the topology of a tenant
          • View the resource configurations of a tenant
          • Modify the resource configurations of a tenant
          • View the performance metrics of a tenant
          • View tenant sessions
          • Terminate a tenant session
          • Set the maximum number of connections for a tenant
          • Manage tenant parameters
            • Overview
            • Query tenant-level parameters
            • Modify tenant-level parameters
          • Manage tenant variables
        • Manage data storage
          • Dump management
            • Overview
            • Automatically trigger a minor compaction
            • Manually initiate a minor compaction
            • View minor compaction information
            • Modify minor compaction settings
          • Merge management
            • Overview
            • Automatically trigger a major compaction
            • Configure scheduled major compactions
            • Adaptive major compaction
            • Manually initiate a major compaction
            • Manually control a major compaction
            • View the major compaction process
            • Modify major compaction settings
          • Data compression
            • Overview
            • Data encoding and compression
        • Manage memory
          • Overview
          • Memory structure
          • Set the maximum memory for an OceanBase database
          • Manage internal system memory
          • Manage internal tenant memory
          • Manage the memory of the plan cache
          • Memleak-based regular memory leak diagnostics mechanism
          • Query memory usage information
          • Common memory issues
        • Manage processes
          • Overview
          • Multi-tenant threads of OceanBase Database
          • FAQ about multi-tenant threads
          • Background threads of OceanBase Database
        • Manage logs
          • Log overview
          • Log print level
            • Log generation levels
            • Set a log generation level
          • Manage size and quantity of log files
            • Use the log file splitting feature
            • Control the number of log files
          • View logs
            • Query the log of an SQL request
            • Query the log of a previous SQL request by using the SQL Trace feature
      • Manage database objects
        • Overview
        • MySQL mode
          • Manage databases
            • Create a database
            • View databases
            • Modify a database
            • Drop a database
          • Manage tables
            • Overview
            • Create a table
            • Define an auto-increment column
            • Define column constraints
            • Query the definition of a table
            • Modify a table
            • Empty a table
            • Drop a table
            • Lock a table
          • Manage indexes
            • Overview
            • Create an index
            • Query indexes
            • Drop an index
          • Manage views
          • Manage sequence
            • Create a sequence
            • Query sequences
            • Reference a sequence
            • Modify a sequence
            • Drop a sequence
          • Manage triggers
            • Overview
            • Create a DML trigger
            • Query trigger information
            • Drop a trigger
        • Oracle mode
          • Manage tables
            • Overview
            • Create a table
            • Define column constraints
            • Query the definition of a table
            • Modify a table
            • Empty a table
            • Drop a table
            • Lock a table
          • Manage indexes
            • Overview
            • Create an index
            • Query indexes
            • Drop an index
          • Manage views
          • Manage sequences
          • Manage synonyms
          • Manage triggers
            • Overview
            • Create a DML trigger
            • Create an INSTEAD OF trigger
            • Create a composite trigger
            • Modify and drop a trigger
            • Disable or enable a trigger
            • Query trigger information
          • Manage directory objects
          • Manage DBLink
            • Create a DBLink
            • View existing DBLinks
            • Use a DBLink to access data in a remote database
            • Use a DBLink to modify data in a remote database
            • Drop a DBLink
      • Manage replicas
        • Manage partitions
          • Oracle mode
            • Overview
            • Create a partitioned table
            • Modify partitioning rules
            • Add a partition
            • Drop partitions
            • Truncate a partition
            • Partition pruning
            • Query data in specified partitions
            • Create partitioned table index
              • Overview
              • Local indexes
              • Global indexes
          • MySQL mode
            • Overview
            • Create a partitioned table
            • Modify partitioning rules
            • Add a partition
            • Drop partitions
            • Truncate a partition
            • Partition pruning
            • Query data in specified partitions
            • Create partitioned table index
              • Overview
              • Local indexes
              • Global indexes
        • Manage replicas
          • Overview
          • Create a replica
          • Edit a tenant replica in a zone
          • Delete a tenant replica from a zone
        • Manage locality
          • Overview
          • Modify tenant locality
      • O&M
        • Scaling
          • Overview
          • Overview
            • Scale out
              • Add zones to a cluster
              • Add OBServer nodes to zones
            • Scale in
              • Delete zones from a cluster
              • Delete OBServer nodes from zones
          • Tenant resource scaling
            • Modify unit_config
            • Modify UNIT_NUM
        • Monitoring and alerting
          • Overview
          • Monitoring
            • Status monitoring
            • Performance monitoring
            • SQL monitoring
          • Alerting
            • Configure an alert channel
            • Alert push
            • Perform alert management
            • Manage general alert rules
        • Performance diagnosis
          • ASH report
            • ASH
            • Generate ASH reports
            • Analyze ASH reports
        • Emergency handling
          • Analysis, diagnostics, and decision-making process
          • Common emergency problem handling
            • Issues related to capacity changes
              • High disk I/O on the node
              • Tenant memory full
    • Performance tuning guide
      • Overview
      • Performance related tools
        • System tools
          • General tool Top
          • CPU tools
          • Memory tools
          • Disk I/O tools
          • Network tools
        • Internal tables
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
        • Logs
          • slow trans
          • dump tenant info
          • trace log
        • OCP
      • System tuning
        • OS parameter tuning
        • Database parameter tuning
          • CPU parameters
          • I/O parameters
          • Memory-related parameters
          • Network transmission parameters
        • OBProxy parameter tuning
          • CPU parameters
          • Network transmission parameters
          • Route parameters on nodes
      • Business model tuning
        • Load balancing
        • SQL diagnostics
        • Distributed transactions
      • SQL optimization guide
        • SQL request execution process
        • SQL execution plan
          • Introduction to SQL execution plans
          • Execution plan operator
            • TABLE SCAN
            • JOIN
            • COUNT
            • GROUP BY
            • WINDOW FUNCTION
            • SUBPLAN FILTER
            • DISTINCT
            • SEQUENCE
            • MATERIAL
            • SORT
            • LIMIT
            • FOR UPDATE
            • SELECT INTO
            • SUBPLAN SCAN
            • UNION
            • INTERSECT
            • EXCEPT/MINUS
            • INSERT
            • DELETE
            • UPDATE
            • MERGE
            • EXCHANGE
            • GI
          • Plan cache
          • Fast parameterization
          • Real-time execution plan display
        • Distributed execution plan
          • Perform distributed execution and parallel queries
          • Generate a distributed plan
          • Schedule distributed execution plans
          • Manage distributed execution plans
          • Execute parallel queries
          • Perform parameter tuning for a parallel query
          • Parallel DML
        • SQL optimization
          • Overview
          • General procedure of SQL tuning
          • SQL execution performance monitoring
            • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
            • SQL Trace
            • Plan cache views
            • SQL performance analysis example
              • Use SQL Audit to analyze wait events in a query
              • Analyze SQL queries that cause an abrupt RT jitter
              • View and analyze the shape of an execution plan
              • Analyze slow SQL queries
              • Query SQL traffic distribution and QPS
              • Check whether SQL queries are balanced across servers in a cluster
              • Find the TOP N SQL queries
              • Analyze whether an unusually large number of remote execution requests exist in the system or the execution of an SQL statement
              • Find full table scan SQL statements in a tenant
              • Find the TOP N queries with the longest execution time within a specified period
              • Analyze queries related to distributed plans
              • Check whether the RPC execution count of a distributed subplan is balanced across servers in a cluster
          • Optimizer statistics
            • Overview of statistics
            • Statistics conllection methods
              • Overview
              • Histograms
              • Manual statistics collection
              • Automatic statistics collection
              • Online statistics collection
            • Statistics management
              • Overview
              • Deletion
              • Setting
              • Import and export
              • Locking and unlocking
              • History management
              • Collection strategy prefs management
            • Examples
          • Query rewrite
            • Overview
            • Rule-based query rewrite
            • Cost-based query rewrite
          • Query optimization
            • Access path
              • Overview
              • Rule-based path selection
              • Cost-based path selection
            • Join algorithm
              • Overview
              • Join algorithms
              • Join order
          • Manage execution plans
            • Optimizer hints
            • Plan binding
            • SQL plan management
        • Glossary
        • General issues in SQL tuning
      • Performance testing
        • Run the TPC-H benchmark on OceanBase Database
        • TPC-H benchmark report of OceanBase Database
        • Run the Sysbench benchmark on OceanBase Database
        • Sysbench benchmark report of OceanBase Database
        • Run the TPC-C benchmark on OceanBase Database
        • TPC-C benchmark report of OceanBase Database
    • Application development reference
      • SQL syntax
        • System tenants
          • Overview
          • ALTER SYSTEM
            • BACKUP
            • Log archive
            • BALANCE TASK
            • CANCEL MIGRATE UNIT
            • CHANGE TENANT
            • DELETE BACKUPSET
            • DELETE OBSOLETE BACKUP
            • FAILOVER
            • FLUSH
            • JOB
            • MERGE
            • MIGRATE UNIT
            • PARAMETER
            • RECOVER
            • REFRESH
            • REPLICA
            • RESTORE
            • SERVER
            • SWITCHOVER
            • THROTTLE
            • ZONE
          • ALTER RESOURCE POOL
          • ALTER RESOURCE TENANT
          • ALTER RESOURCE UNIT
          • ALTER TENANT
          • CREATE RESOURCE POOL
          • CREATE RESOURCE UNIT
          • CREATE TENANT
          • DROP RESOURCE POOL
          • DROP RESOURCE UNIT
          • DROP TENANT
          • SET DECRYPTION
          • SET ENCRYPTION
        • Common tenant (MySQL mode)
          • Basis elements
            • Data types
              • Overview
              • Numeric types
                • Overview
                • Integer data types
                • Fixed-point data types
                • Floating-point data types
                • Bit value data type
              • Date and time types
                • Overview
                • DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP types
                • TIME type
                • YEAR type
              • Character types
                • Overview
                • CHAR and VARCHAR
                • BINARY and VARBINARY
              • Large objects and text types
                • Overview
                • BLOB types
                • TEXT types
              • ENUM data type
              • SET data type
              • JSON data types
                • Overview
                • Create a JSON value
                • Query and modify JSON values
                • Convert a JSON data type
              • Spatial data types
                • Overview
                • SRS
                • Create a spatial column
                • Create a spatial index
                • Spatial data formats
            • Expressions
              • Overview
              • Expression syntax
              • Convert data types in expression evaluation
            • Character set and collation
              • Overview
              • Character sets
              • Collations
              • Database-level character sets and collations
              • Table-level character sets and collations
              • Column-level character sets and collations
              • Character sets and collations for character expressions
              • Character sets and collations for client connection
            • Literal
              • Overview
              • Strings
              • Value
              • Datetime values
              • Bit values
              • Boolean
              • NULLs
            • Schema object names
            • User-defined variables
            • Comments
          • Operator
            • Overview
            • Operator precedence
            • Arithmetic operators
            • Bitwise operators
            • Comparison operators
            • Logical operators
            • Assignment operators
            • Datetime operators
            • Concatenation operators
            • BINARY operator
            • CASE conditional operator
          • Sequence pseudocolumns
          • Function
            • Overview
            • Single-row functions
              • Date and time functions
                • ADDDATE
                • CONVERT_TZ
                • CURDATE
                • CURRENT_DATE
                • CURRENT_TIME
                • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                • CURTIME
                • DATE
                • DATE_ADD
                • DATE_FORMAT
                • DATE_SUB
                • DATEDIFF
                • DAYOFMONTH
                • DAYOFWEEK
                • DAYOFYEAR
                • EXTRACT
                • FROM_DAYS
                • FROM_UNIXTIME
                • GET_FORMAT
                • HOUR
                • LAST_DAY
                • LOCALTIME
                • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                • MAKEDATE
                • MAKETIME
                • MICROSECOND
                • MINUTE
                • MONTH
                • MONTHNAME
                • NOW
                • PERIOD_ADD
                • PERIOD_DIFF
                • QUARTER
                • SEC_TO_TIME
                • SECOND
                • STR_TO_DATE
                • SUBDATE
                • SUBTIME
                • SYSDATE
                • TIME
                • TIME_FORMAT
                • TIME_TO_SEC
                • TIME_TO_USEC
                • TIMEDIFF
                • TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMPADD
                • TIMESTAMPDIFF
                • TO_DAYS
                • TO_SECONDS
                • UNIX_TIMESTAMP
                • USEC_TO_TIME
                • UTC_DATE
                • UTC_TIME
                • UTC_TIMESTAMP
                • WEEK
                • WEEKDAY
                • WEEKOFYEAR
                • YEARWEEK
                • YEAR
                • ADDTIME
                • DAYNAME
                • DAY
              • String functions
                • ASCII
                • BIN
                • BIT_LENGTH
                • CHAR
                • CHAR_LENGTH
                • CHARACTER_LENGTH
                • CONCAT
                • CONCAT_WS
                • ELT
                • EXPORT_SET
                • FIELD
                • FIND_IN_SET
                • FORMAT
                • HEX
                • INSERT
                • INSTR
                • INT2IP
                • IP2INT
                • LCASE
                • LEFT
                • LENGTH
                • LOCATE
                • LOWER
                • LPAD
                • LTRIM
                • MAKE_SET
                • MID
                • OCT
                • OCTET_LENGTH
                • ORD
                • POSITION
                • QUOTE
                • REGEXP
                • REGEXP_INSTR
                • REGEXP_LIKE
                • REGEXP_REPLACE
                • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                • REPEAT
                • REPLACE
                • REVERSE
                • RIGHT
                • RLIKE
                • RPAD
                • RTRIM
                • SPACE
                • STRCMP
                • SUBSTR
                • SUBSTRING
                • SUBSTRING_INDEX
                • TRIM
                • UCASE
                • UNHEX
                • UPPER
                • WEIGHT_STRING
                • TO_BASE64
                • FROM_BASE64
                • SOUNDEX
              • Conversion functions
                • CAST
                • CONVERT
                • SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
              • Mathematical functions
                • ABS
                • ACOS
                • ASIN
                • ATAN
                • ATAN2
                • BIT_COUNT
                • CEIL
                • CEILING
                • CONV
                • COS
                • COT
                • CRC32
                • DEGREES
                • EXP
                • FLOOR
                • LN
                • LOG
                • LOG10
                • LOG2
                • MOD
                • NEG
                • PI
                • POW
                • POWER
                • RADIANS
                • RAND
                • ROUND
                • SIGN
                • SIN
                • SQRT
                • TAN
                • TRUNCATE
              • Comparison functions
                • GREATEST
                • INTERVAL
                • ISNULL
                • LEAST
              • Process control functions
                • CASE
                • IF
                • IFNULL
                • NULLIF
                • ORA_DECODE
            • Aggregation functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • COUNT
              • GROUP_CONCAT
              • GROUPING
              • MAX
              • MIN
              • STD
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
            • Analysis functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • COUNT
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • FIRST_VALUE
              • LAG
              • LAST_VALUE
              • LEAD
              • MAX
              • MIN
              • NTH_VALUE
              • NTILE
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • RANK
              • ROW_NUMBER
              • STD
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
            • Encryption functions
              • AES_DECRYPT
              • AES_ENCRYPT
              • COMPRESS
              • DECODE
              • DES_DECRYPT
              • DES_ENCRYPT
              • ENCODE
              • ENCRYPT
              • MD5
              • UNCOMPRESS
              • UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH
              • RANDOM_BYTES
              • SHA
              • SHA1
              • SHA2
              • VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH
            • Information functions
              • BENCHMARK
              • CHARSET
              • COERCIBILITY
              • COLLATION
              • CONNECTION_ID
              • CURRENT_USER
              • DATABASE
              • FOUND_ROWS
              • LAST_INSERT_ID
              • ICU_VERSION
              • ROW_COUNT
              • SCHEMA
              • SESSION_USER
              • SYSTEM_USER
              • USER
              • VERSION
              • OB_VERSION
            • JSON functions
              • Create JSON text
                • JSON_ARRAY
                • JSON_OBJECT
                • JSON_QUOTE
              • Search JSON text
                • JSON_CONTAINS
                • JSON_CONTAINS_PATH
                • JSON_EXTRACT
                • JSON_KEYS
                • JSON_OVERLAPS
                • JSON_SEARCH
                • JSON_VALUE
                • MEMBER OF
              • Modify JSON text
                • JSON_ARRAY_APPEND
                • JSON_ARRAY_INSERT
                • JSON_INSERT
                • JSON_MERGE
                • JSON_MERGE_PATCH
                • JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE
                • JSON_REMOVE
                • JSON_REPLACE
                • JSON_SET
                • JSON_UNQUOTE
              • Return JSON text properties
                • JSON_DEPTH
                • JSON_LENGTH
                • JSON_TYPE
                • JSON_VALID
              • JSON utility functions
                • JSON_PRETTY
                • JSON_STORAGE_SIZE
              • JSON aggregation functions
                • JSON_ARRAYAGG
                • JSON_OBJECTAGG
            • Spatial functions
              • Create a geometric function
              • Spatial operation functions
              • Spatial relation functions
              • Geometry property functions
              • Geometric format conversion functions
          • Queries and subqueries
            • Overview
            • Subquery
            • JOIN
          • SQL statements
            • General syntax
            • CTE
            • ALTER DATABASE
            • ALTER OUTLINE
            • ALTER SEQUENCE
            • MERGE
            • ALTER TABLE
            • ALTER TABLEGROUP
            • ALTER USER
            • ALTER VIEW
            • ANALYZE
            • CREATE DATABASE
            • CREATE INDEX
            • CREATE OUTLINE
            • CREATE SEQUENCE
            • CREATE TABLE
            • CREATE TABLEGROUP
            • CREATE USER
            • CREATE VIEW
            • DEALLOCATE PREPARE
            • DELETE
            • DESCRIBE
            • DROP DATABASE
            • DROP INDEX
            • DROP OUTLINE
            • DROP TABLE
            • DROP TABLEGROUP
            • DROP SEQUENCE
            • DROP USER
            • DROP VIEW
            • EXECUTE
            • EXPLAIN
            • FLASHBACK
            • GRANT
            • HELP
            • INSERT
            • KILL
            • LOAD DATA
            • LOCK TABLES
            • MERGE
            • OPTIMIZE
            • PREPARE
            • PURGE
            • PURGE RECYCLEBIN
            • RENAME USER
            • RENAME TABLE
            • REPLACE
            • REVOKE
            • SAVEPOINT
            • SCHEMA
            • SELECT INTO
            • SELECT
              • SELECT
              • JOIN clause
              • OVER clause
              • UNION clause
            • SET
            • SET CHARSET
            • SET NAMES
            • SET PASSWORD
            • SET TRANSACTION
            • SHOW
            • TRANSACTION
            • TRUNCATE TABLE
            • UPDATE
            • USE
          • DDL features
            • Overview
            • Index operations
            • Primary key operations
            • Column operations
            • Column generation operations
            • Foreign key operations
            • Table operations
            • Partition operations
            • Column type change rules
          • Performance schema functions
            • FORMAT_BYTES
            • FORMAT_PICO_TIM
          • Other functions
            • ANY_VALUE
            • BIN_TO_UUID
            • COALESCE
            • DEFAULT
            • NAME_CONST
            • INET_ATON
            • INET_NTOA
            • INET6_ATON
            • INET6_NTOA
            • IS_IPV4
            • IS_IPV4_COMPAT
            • IS_IPV6
            • IS_UUID
            • NVL
            • UUID_TO_BIN
            • SLEEP
            • UUID
            • UUID_SHORT
            • VALUES
        • Common tenant (Oracle mode)
          • Introduction to SQL
          • Pseudo column
            • Overview
            • Hierarchical query pseudocolumns
            • Sequence pseudocolumns
            • ORA_ROWSCN pseudocolumn
            • ROWNUM pseudocolumn
            • ROWID pseudocolumn
          • Basic elements
            • Built-in data types
              • Overview
              • Character data types
                • Overview
                • CHAR data type
                • NCHAR data type
                • NVARCHAR2 data type
                • VARCHAR2 data type
                • VARCHAR data type
              • Numeric data types
                • Overview
                • NUMBER data type
                • FLOAT data type
                • Floating-point numbers
                • Precedence of numeric data types
              • Date and time and interval data types
                • Overview
                • DATE type
                • TIMESTAMP type
                • TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE date type
                • TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE data type
                • INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH data type
                • INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND data type
                • Calculation of dates, timestamps, and intervals
              • RAW data type
              • Large object data types
                • Overview
                • BLOB data type
                • CLOB data type
              • Rowid data types
              • User-defined data types
              • Any type
              • JSON data types
                • Overview
                • Create JSON columns
                • Query JSON data
                • Conversion rules for JSON data types
            • Data type comparison rules
              • Overview
              • Numeric value comparison rules
              • Date value comparison rules
              • Character value comparison rules
              • Data type precedence
              • Data type conversion rules
              • Security considerations for data conversion
            • Literal
              • Overview
              • Text literals
              • Numeric literals
              • Date and time literal
                • Date literals
                • Timestamp literals
              • Interval literals
            • Format model
              • Overview
              • Number format models
              • Datetime format models
              • RR datetime format element
              • String-to-date conversion rules
            • Null value
              • Overview
              • Nulls in SQL functions
              • Nulls in comparison conditions
              • Nulls in conditional expressions
            • Annotation
              • Overview
              • Comments within SQL statements
              • Comments on schema and nonschema objects
              • Hint
                • Overview
                • Hint list
                  • Hints related to access path
                  • Hints related to join orders
                  • Hints related to joins
                  • Hints related to parallel execution
                  • Hints related to query strategy
                  • Hints related to query conversion
                  • Other hints
            • Database objects
              • Schema objects
              • Non-schema objects
            • Database naming conventions
              • Overview
              • Suggestions on schema object names
            • Database object reference method
              • Overview
              • Reference to schema objects
              • Reference objects in remote databases
                • Create a database link
                • Reference a database link
              • Reference to partition tables and indexes
              • Reference an attribute or method of an object type
          • Operator
            • Overview
            • Operator precedence
            • Arithmetic operators
            • Concatenation operator
            • Hierarchical query operators
            • Set operators
            • COLLATE operator
          • Function
            • Overview
            • Single-row functions
              • Numeric functions
                • ABS
                • ACOS
                • ASIN
                • ATAN
                • ATAN2
                • BITAND
                • CEIL
                • COS
                • COSH
                • EXP
                • FLOOR
                • LN
                • LOG
                • MOD
                • NANVL
                • POWER
                • REMAINDER
                • ROUND
                • SIGN
                • SIN
                • SINH
                • SQRT
                • TAN
                • TANH
                • TRUNC
                • WIDTH_BUCKET
              • String functions returning strings
                • CHR
                • CONCAT
                • INITCAP
                • LOWER
                • LPAD
                • LTRIM
                • NLS_LOWER
                • NLS_UPPER
                • REGEXP_REPLACE
                • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                • REPLACE
                • RPAD
                • RTRIM
                • SUBSTR
                • TRANSLATE
                • TRANSLATE ... USING
                • TRIM
                • UPPER
              • String functions returning numbers
                • ASCII
                • INSTR
                • LENGTH
                • REGEXP_COUNT
                • REGEXP_INSTR
              • Date and time
                • ADD_MONTHS
                • CURRENT_DATE
                • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                • DBTIMEZONE
                • EXTRACT(datetime)
                • FROM_TZ
                • LAST_DAY
                • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                • MONTHS_BETWEEN
                • NEXT_DAY
                • NUMTODSINTERVAL
                • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
                • ROUND (date)
                • SESSIONTIMEZONE
                • SYS_EXTRACT_UTC
                • SYSDATE
                • SYSTIMESTAMP
                • TO_CHAR (datetime)
                • TO_DSINTERVAL
                • TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
                • TO_YMINTERVAL
                • TRUNC (date)
                • TZ_OFFSET
              • Generic comparison functions
                • GREATEST
                • LEAST
              • Conversion functions
                • ASCIISTR
                • CAST
                • CHARTOROWID
                • CONVERT
                • HEXTORAW
                • NUMTODSINTERVAL
                • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
                • RAWTOHEX
                • ROWIDTOCHAR
                • ROWIDTONCHAR
                • SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
                • TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
                • TO_BINARY_FLOAT
                • TO_BLOB
                • TO_CHAR (character)
                • TO_CHAR (datetime)
                • TO_CHAR (number)
                • TO_CLOB
                • TO_DATE
                • TO_DSINTERVAL
                • TO_MULTI_BYTE
                • TO_NUMBER
                • TO_NCHAR (character)
                • TO_NCHAR (datetime)
                • TO_NCHAR (number)
                • TO_SINGLE_BYTE
                • TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
                • TO_YMINTERVAL
                • UNISTR
              • Encoding and decoding functions
                • DECODE
                • DUMP
                • ORA_HASH
                • VSIZE
              • Null value related functions
                • COALESCE
                • LNNVL
                • NANVL
                • NULLIF
                • NVL
                • NVL2
              • Environment and identifier functions
                • SYS_CONTEXT
                • SYS_GUID
                • UID
                • USER
                • USERENV
                • OB_VERSION
              • Hierarchical functions
                • SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH
              • JSON functions
                • Overview
                • Create JSON text
                  • JSON_ARRAY
                  • JSON_OBJECT
                  • JSON_ARRAYAGG
                  • JSON_OBJECTAGG
                • Query JSON text
                  • JSON_VALUE
                  • JSON_QUERY
                  • JSON_EXISTS
                  • JSON_TABLE
                • Validate JSON text
                  • JSON_EQUAL
                • Modify JSON text
                  • JSON_MERGEPATCH
            • Aggregation functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • CORR
              • COUNT
              • COVAR_POP
              • COVAR_SAMP
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • GROUPING
              • KEEP
              • LISTAGG
              • MAX
              • MEDIAN
              • MIN
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • PERCENTILE_CONT
              • PERCENTILE_DISC
              • RANK
              • REGR_ (Linear Regression)
              • ROLLUP
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
            • Analysis functions
              • Analytic functions
              • AVG
              • CORR
              • COUNT
              • COVAR_POP
              • COVAR_SAMP
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • FIRST_VALUE
              • KEEP
              • LAG
              • LAST_VALUE
              • LEAD
              • LISTAGG
              • MAX
              • MEDIAN
              • MIN
              • NTILE
              • NTH_VALUE
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • PERCENTILE_CONT
              • PERCENTILE_DISC
              • RANK
              • RATIO_TO_REPORT
              • REGR_ (Linear Regression)
              • ROW_NUMBER
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
          • Expressions
            • Overview
            • Simple expressions
            • Compound expressions
            • Case expressions
            • Column expressions
            • CURSOR expressions
            • Datetime expressions
            • Function expressions
            • Interval expressions
            • Scalar subquery expressions
            • Type constructor expressions
            • Expression list
          • Conditions
            • Overview
            • Condition precedence
            • Comparison conditions
            • Floating-point conditions
            • Logical conditions
            • Pattern-matching conditions
            • Null conditions
            • Compound conditions
            • BETWEEN condition
            • EXISTS condition
            • IN condition
          • Queries and subqueries
            • Overview
            • Simple query
            • Hierarchical query
            • Compound query
            • Join queries
            • Subqueries
            • DUAL table query
          • SQL statements
            • DDL
              • ALTER INDEX
              • ALTER KEYSTORE
              • ALTER OUTLINE
              • ALTER PROFILE
              • ALTER ROLE
              • ALTER SEQUENCE
              • ALTER SESSION
              • ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH PLAN CACHE
              • ALTER SYSTEM PARAMETER
              • ALTER TABLE
              • ALTER TABLEGROUP
              • ALTER USER
              • CREATE CONTEXT
              • CREATE DIRECTORY
              • CREATE DATABASE LINK
              • CREATE INDEX
              • CREATE KEYSTORE
              • CREATE OUTLINE
              • CREATE PROFILE
              • CREATE ROLE
              • CREATE SEQUENCE
              • CREATE SYNONYM
              • CREATE TABLE
              • CREATE TABLEGROUP
              • CREATE TABLESPACE
              • CREATE USER
              • CREATE VIEW
              • DROP CONTEXT
              • DROP DIRECTORY
              • DROP INDEX
              • DROP OUTLINE
              • DROP PROFILE
              • DROP ROLE
              • DROP SEQUENCE
              • DROP SYNONYM
              • DROP TABLE
              • DROP TABLEGROUP
              • DROP TABLESPACE
              • DROP USER
              • DROP VIEW
              • RENAME
              • TRUNCATE TABLE
              • ALTER SYSTEM MAJOR FREEZE
            • DML
              • DELETE
              • INSERT
              • MERGE
              • PURGE
              • SELECT
                • SIMPLE SELECT
                • Set-based SELECT
                • WITH CLAUSE
              • UPDATE
            • DCL
              • ANALYZE
              • AUDIT
              • COMMENT
              • COMMIT
              • EXPLAIN
              • FLASHBACK TABLE BEFORE DROP
              • GRANT
              • KILL
              • LOAD DATA
              • LOCK TABLE
              • REVOKE
              • ROLLBACK
              • SAVEPOINT
              • SET NAMES
              • SET PASSWORD
              • SET ROLE
              • SET VARIABLE
              • SHOW
              • SHRINK
              • TRANSACTION
          • DDL features
            • Overview
            • Index operations
            • Primary key operations
            • Column operations
            • Column generation operations
            • Foreign key operations
            • Table operations
            • Partition operations
            • Column type change rules
      • SQL practices and suggestions
        • Limits on writing SQL statements
        • SQL writing guidelines
          • SELECT statements
          • DML statements
          • Multi-table join statements
          • Table scan
          • Transactions
          • Cache
          • Hint
          • Other specifications
        • SQL statement examples
          • Implicit data type conversion
          • JOIN tables
          • Weak consistency read
          • Pagination queries
      • PL reference
        • What is PL
          • Overview
          • Main features of PL
          • PL architecture
        • MySQL mode
          • Syntax of PL stored programs
          • PL stored procedure
            • Overview
            • Variables in stored programs
            • Stored procedures
            • Stored functions
            • Trigger
            • Limitations on stored programs
          • PL cursor
            • Overview
            • Cursor execution process
            • Limitations on server cursors
          • PL conditional control statements
            • CASE
            • IF
            • ITERATE
            • LEAVE
            • LOOP
            • REPEAT
            • RETURN
            • WHILE
          • PL DML statements
            • CALL
            • DO
          • PL DDL statements
            • ALTER FUNCTION
            • ALTER PROCEDURE
            • CREATE FUNCTION
            • CREATE PROCEDURE
            • CREATE TRIGGER
            • DROP FUNCTION
            • DROP PROCEDURE
            • DROP TRIGGER
          • PL database management statements
            • SHOW CREATE FUNCTION
            • SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE
            • SHOW CREATE TRIGGER
            • SHOW FUNCTION STATUS
            • SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS
            • SHOW TRIGGERS
          • PL related dictionary views
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARAMETERS
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS
          • PL exception handling
            • Overview
            • DECLARE ... CONDITION
            • DECLARE ... HANDLER
            • GET DIAGNOSTICS
            • RESIGNAL
            • SIGNAL
            • Effective scope of an exception handler
            • Diagnostics area
            • Exception handling and OUT/INOUT parameters
            • Limitations on exception handling
          • PL system package
            • Overview
            • DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • CREATE_PLAN
              • CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • DELETE_PLAN
              • DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
              • UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • DBMS_STATS
              • Overview
              • ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • CREATE_STAT_TABLE
              • DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
              • DELETE_INDEX_STATS
              • DELETE_TABLE_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
              • DROP_STAT_TABLE
              • EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
              • GATHER_INDEX_STATS
              • GATHER_TABLE_STATS
              • GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • GET_PARAM
              • GET_PREFS
              • IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
              • RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
              • PURGE_STATS
              • SET_COLUMN_STATS
              • SET_INDEX_STATS
              • SET_TABLE_STATS
              • SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
              • SET_PARAM
              • SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • SET_TABLE_PREFS
              • UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
            • DBMS_UDR
              • Overview
              • CREATE_RULE
              • DISABLE_RULE
              • ENABLE_RULE
              • REMOVE_RULE
            • DBMS_XPLAN
              • Overview
              • DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
          • Reserved and non-reserved PL keywords
        • Oracle mode
          • PL language basics
            • Character sets
            • Lexical units
            • Declaration
            • Reference identifiers
            • Scope and visibility of identifiers
            • Assign values
            • Expressions
            • PL blocks
            • Subprograms
            • Error-reporting functions
          • PL data types
            • Overview
            • SQL data types
            • LOB data types
            • BOOLEAN type
            • User-defined subtypes
            • PLS_INTEGER and BINARY_INTEGER
            • Arrays
            • PL JSON data types
          • PL process control
            • Overview
            • Conditional control
            • Loop control
            • Sequential control
          • PL collections and records
            • Overview
            • Collections
            • Associative arrays
            • Varrays
            • Nested tables
            • Collection constructor function
            • Collection methods
              • Overview of collection methods
              • DELETE method
              • TRIM method
              • EXTEND method
              • EXISTS method
              • FIRST and LAST methods
              • COUNT method
              • LIMIT method
              • PRIOR and NEXT methods
            • Records
            • Insert records into a table and update a table by using records
            • Create and call a subprogram with record type parameters
          • PL static SQL
            • Overview
            • Cursor
              • Overview
              • Cursor attributes
              • Implicit cursors
              • Explicit cursors
              • Cursor variables
              • Traverse cursor data by using the FOR loop
              • Modify and drop a cursor
            • Transaction processing and control
            • Autonomous transactions
              • Overview
              • Control autonomous transactions
              • Autonomous triggers
              • Call autonomous functions from SQL statements
          • PL dynamic SQL
            • Overview
            • Execute dynamic SQL statements
            • DBMS_SQL system package
          • PL stored procedure and functions
            • Overview
            • Create a stored procedure
            • Create a function
            • Manage stored procedures and functions
            • Privilege control
            • Pipeline functions
              • Overview
              • Create a pipelined table function
              • Application
            • User defined functions
              • Overview
              • Interface for user-defined aggregate functions
              • Create user-defined aggregate functions
              • Use user-defined aggregate functions
          • PL trigger
            • Overview
            • Create a DML trigger
            • Modify and drop a trigger
            • Disable or enable a trigger
            • Query trigger information
            • INSTEAD OF DML trigger
            • Compound DML trigger
          • PL package
            • Overview
            • Create a program package
            • Overloaded programs in a package
            • Manage program packages
            • Definition of the PL environment by the STANDARD package
          • PL exception handling
            • Overview
            • Compile-Time alerts
            • Exception types
            • Exception handling processes
          • DDL operations on stored PL units
            • Overview
            • ALTER FUNCTION
            • ALTER PACKAGE
            • ALTER PROCEDURE
            • ALTER TRIGGER
            • ALTER TYPE
            • CREATE FUNCTION
            • CREATE PACKAGE
            • CREATE PACKAGE BODY
            • CREATE PROCEDURE
            • CREATE TRIGGER
            • CREATE TYPE
            • CREATE TYPE BODY
            • DROP FUNCTION
            • DROP PACKAGE
            • DROP PROCEDURE
            • DROP TRIGGER
            • DROP TYPE
            • DROP TYPE BODY
          • PL label security package
            • Overview of label security PL packages
            • SA_SYSDBA
              • SA_SYSDBA overview
              • SA_SYSDBA.ALTER_POLICY
              • SA_SYSDBA.CREATE_POLICY
              • SA_SYSDBA.DROP_POLICY
            • SA_COMPONENTS
              • SA_COMPONENTS overview
              • SA_COMPONENTS.ALTER_LEVEL
              • SA_COMPONENTS.CREATE_LEVEL
              • SA_COMPONENTS.DROP_LEVEL
            • SA_LABEL_ADMIN
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN overview
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.ALTER_LABEL
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.CREATE_LABEL
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.DROP_LABEL
            • SA_POLICY_ADMIN
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN overview
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.APPLY_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.DISABLE_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.ENABLE_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.REMOVE_TABLE_POLICY
            • SA_USER_ADMIN
              • SA_USER_ADMIN overview
              • SA_USER_ADMIN.SET_LEVELS
            • SA_SESSION
              • SA_SESSION overview
              • SA_SESSION.LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.RESTORE_DEFAULT_LABELS
              • SA_SESSION.ROW_LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.SET_LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.SET_ROW_LABEL
          • PL system package (Oracle mode)
            • Overview
            • DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO
              • Overview
              • READ_CLIENT_INFO
              • READ_MODULE
              • SET_ACTION
              • SET_CLIENT_INFO
              • SET_MODULE
            • DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT
              • Overview
              • CLEAN_AUDIT_TRAIL
              • CREATE_PURGE_JOB
              • DROP_PURGE_JOB
              • SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP
              • SET_PURGE_JOB_STATUS
            • DBMS_CRYPTO
              • Overview
              • ENCRYPT
              • DECRYPT
              • HASH
            • DBMS_DEBUG
              • Overview
              • ATTACH_SESSION
              • CONTINUE
              • DEBUG_ON
              • DEBUG_OFF
              • DETACH_SESSION
              • DELETE_BREAKPOINT
              • DISABLE_BREAKPOINT
              • ENABLE_BREAKPOINT
              • GET_VALUE
              • GET_VALUES
              • GET_RUNTIME_INFO
              • GET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
              • INITIALIZE
              • PROBE_VERSION
              • PRINT_BACKTRACE
              • SET_TIMEOUT
              • SET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
              • SET_BREAKPOINT
              • SHOW_BREAKPOINTS
            • DBMS_DESCRIBE
              • Overview
              • DESCRIBE_PROCEDURE
            • DBMS_JOB
              • Overview
              • BROKEN
              • CHANGE
              • ZONE
              • INTERVAL
              • NEXT_DATE
              • REMOVE
              • RUN
              • SUBMIT
              • USER_EXPORT
              • WHAT
            • DBMS_LOB
              • Overview
              • APPEND
              • CLOSE
              • COPY
              • CREATETEMPORARY
              • ERASE
              • FREETEMPORARY
              • GETLENGTH
              • ISOPEN
              • INSTR
              • OPEN
              • READ
              • SUBSTR
              • TRIM
              • WRITE
              • WRITEAPPEND
            • DBMS_LOCK
              • Overview
              • SLEEP
            • DBMS_METADATA
              • Overview
              • GET_DDL
            • DBMS_OUTPUT
              • Overview
              • DISABLE
              • ENABLE
              • GET_LINE
              • GET_LINES
              • NEW_LINE
              • PUT
              • PUT_LINE
            • DBMS_PLAN_CACHE
              • Overview
              • PURGE
            • DBMS_RANDOM
              • Overview
              • INITIALIZE
              • NORMAL
              • RANDOM
              • SEED
              • STRING
              • TERMINATE
              • VALUE
            • DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • CREATE_PLAN
              • CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • DELETE_PLAN
              • DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
              • UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • DBMS_SCHEDULER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_JOB
              • CREATE_PROGRAM
              • DEFINE_PROGRAM_ARGUMENT
              • DISABLE
              • DROP_JOB
              • DROP_PROGRAM
              • ENABLE
              • GENERATE_JOB_NAME
              • RUN_JOB
              • SET_ATTRIBUTE
              • SET_JOB_ARGUMENT_VALUE
            • DBMS_SESSION
              • Overview
              • CLEAR_ALL_CONTEXT
              • CLEAR_CONTEXT
              • CLEAR_IDENTIFIER
              • SET_CONTEXT
              • SET_IDENTIFIER
            • DBMS_SQL
              • Overview
              • BIND_VARIABLE
              • CLOSE_CURSOR
              • COLUMN_VALUE
              • DEFINE_COLUMN
              • DEFINE_ARRAY
              • DESCRIBE_COLUMNS
              • EXECUTE
              • EXECUTE_AND_FETCH
              • FETCH_ROWS
              • IS_OPEN
              • OPEN_CURSOR
              • PARSE
            • DBMS_STATS
              • Overview
              • ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • CREATE_STAT_TABLE
              • DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
              • DELETE_INDEX_STATS
              • DELETE_TABLE_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
              • DROP_STAT_TABLE
              • EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
              • GATHER_INDEX_STATS
              • GATHER_TABLE_STATS
              • GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • GET_PARAM
              • GET_PREFS
              • IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
              • RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
              • PURGE_STATS
              • SET_COLUMN_STATS
              • SET_INDEX_STATS
              • SET_TABLE_STATS
              • SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
              • SET_PARAM
              • SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • SET_TABLE_PREFS
              • UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
            • DBMS_UDR
              • Overview
              • CREATE_RULE
              • DISABLE_RULE
              • ENABLE_RULE
              • REMOVE_RULE
            • DBMS_UTILITY
              • Overview
              • ACTIVE_INSTANCES
              • COMMA_TO_TABLE
              • CURRENT_INSTANCE
              • DB_VERSION
              • FORMAT_CALL_STACK
              • FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE
              • FORMAT_ERROR_STACK
              • GET_ENDIANNESS
              • GET_HASH_VALUE
              • GET_PARAMETER_VALUE
              • GET_SQL_HASH
              • GET_TIME
              • IS_BIT_SET
              • IS_CLUSTER_DATABASE
              • NAME_RESOLVE
              • NAME_TOKENIZE
              • OLD_CURRENT_SCHEMA
              • OLD_CURRENT_USER
              • PORT_STRING
              • TABLE_TO_COMMA
            • DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY
              • Overview
              • ASH_REPORT
            • DBMS_XA
              • Overview
              • DBMS_XA constants
              • DBMS_XA_XID object type
              • DIST_TXN_SYNC
              • XA_COMMIT
              • XA_END
              • XA_FORGET
              • XA_GETLASTOER
              • XA_PREPARE
              • XA_RECOVER
              • XA_ROLLBACK
              • XA_SETTIMEOUT
              • XA_START
            • DBMS_XMLGEN
              • Overview
              • CONVERT
            • DBMS_XPLAN
              • Overview
              • DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
            • ODCIConst
              • Overview
              • ODCIArgDesc.ArgType
              • ODCIEnv.CallProperty
              • ODCIEnv.Envflags
              • ODCIIndexAlter
              • ODCIIndexAlter parameter alter_option
              • ODCIIndexInfo.IndexInfoFlags
              • ODCIIndexInfo.IndexParaDegree
              • ODCIPredInfo.Flags
              • ODCIQueryInfo.Flags
              • ODCIStatsOptions.Flags
              • ODCIStatsOptions.Options
              • Return Status
              • ScnFlg
            • UTL_ENCODE
              • Overview
              • BASE64_DECODE
              • BASE64_ENCODE
            • UTL_FILE
              • Overview
              • FCLOSE
              • FFLUSH
              • FOPEN
              • FGETPOS
              • FREMOVE
              • FRENAME
              • FSEEK
              • NEW_LINE
              • GET_LINE
              • PUT
              • PUT_LINE
            • UTL_I18N
              • Overview
              • RAW_TO_CHAR
              • STRING_TO_RAW
            • UTL_RAW
              • Overview
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_COMPLEMENT
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_DOUBLE
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_FLOAT
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_INTEGER
              • CAST_FROM_NUMBER
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_FLOAT
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_INTEGER
              • CAST_TO_NUMBER
              • CAST_TO_RAW
              • CAST_TO_VARCHAR2
              • COMPARE
              • CONCAT
              • COPIES
              • LENGTH
              • REVERSE
              • SUBSTR
            • ANYDATA TYPE
              • Overview
              • BEGINCREATE static procedure
              • ENDCREATE member procedure
              • GET* member functions
              • GETTYPE member function
              • GETTYPENAME member function
              • PIECEWISE member procedure
              • SET* member procedures
            • XMLType
              • Overview
              • CREATEXML
              • GETCLOBVAL
              • GETSTRINGVAL
              • TRANSFORM
              • XMLTYPE
          • Reserved PL keywords
      • Database design guidelines
        • Object naming conventions
          • Overview
          • Tenant naming conventions
          • User naming conventions
          • Table naming conventions
          • Field naming conventions
          • Other naming conventions
        • Object structure design guidelines
          • Field design
          • Table structure design
          • Partitioned table design
          • Index design
          • Other structural designs
        • Character set specifications
        • Database connection specifications
        • Use of comments
        • ORM conventions
        • Exception handling
      • TableAPI
        • Introduction to TableAPI implementation
          • Implementation of TableAPI
          • Differences between replace and insert_or_update
          • TableAPI data models
        • Using TableAPI client
          • Introduction to the client and instructions for use
          • Set client parameters
          • An example of client use
        • Troubleshooting
      • HBaseAPI
        • HBaseAPI solution introduction
        • HBaseAPI storage model
        • Usage instructions of the HBaseAPI client
    • System reference
      • System parameters
        • Overview
        • Summary of system parameters
        • Cluster level
          • all_cluster_list
          • all_server_list
          • auto_broadcast_location_cache_rate_limit
          • auto_leader_switch_interval
          • auto_refresh_location_cache_rate_limit
          • autoinc_cache_refresh_interval
          • backup_backup_dest
          • backup_backup_dest_option
          • backup_dest_option
          • backup_concurrency
          • backup_dest
          • backup_data_file_size
          • backup_log_archive_option
          • backup_net_limit
          • backup_recovery_window
          • backup_region
          • backup_zone
          • balance_blacklist_failure_threshold
          • balance_blacklist_retry_interval
          • balancer_emergency_percentage
          • balancer_idle_time
          • balancer_log_interval
          • balancer_task_timeout
          • balancer_timeout_check_interval
          • balancer_tolerance_percentage
          • bf_cache_miss_count_threshold
          • bf_cache_priority
          • builtin_db_data_verify_cycle
          • cache_wash_threshold
          • clog_disk_utilization_threshold
          • clog_expire_days
          • clog_cache_priority
          • clog_disk_usage_limit_percentage
          • clog_sync_time_warn_threshold
          • clog_transport_compress_func
          • cpu_reserved
          • cluster
          • cluster_id
          • config_additional_dir
          • cpu_count
          • data_copy_concurrency
          • data_dir
          • data_disk_usage_limit_percentage
          • data_storage_error_tolerance_time
          • data_storage_warning_tolerance_time
          • datafile_disk_percentage
          • datafile_size
          • dead_socket_detection_timeout
          • debug_sync_timeout
          • default_compress
          • default_compress_func
          • default_transport_compress_func
          • default_row_format
          • devname
          • disk_io_thread_count
          • dtl_buffer_size
          • election_cpu_quota
          • election_blacklist_interval
          • enable_auto_refresh_location_cache
          • enable_auto_refresh_location_cache
          • enable_auto_leader_switch
          • enable_ddl
          • enable_global_freeze_trigger
          • enable_log_archive
          • enable_election_group
          • enable_major_freeze
          • enable_merge_by_turn
          • enable_manual_merge
          • enable_ob_ratelimit
          • enable_one_phase_commit
          • enable_perf_event
          • enable_pg
          • enable_rebalance
          • enable_record_trace_id
          • enable_record_trace_log
          • enable_rereplication
          • enable_rich_error_msg
          • enable_separate_sys_clog
          • enable_smooth_leader_switch
          • enable_rootservice_standalone
          • enable_sql_audit
          • enable_sql_operator_dump
          • enable_sys_table_ddl
          • enable_sys_unit_standalone
          • enable_syslog_recycle
          • enable_syslog_wf
          • enable_tcp_keepalive
          • fast_recovery_concurrency
          • enable_upgrade_mode
          • flush_log_at_trx_commit
          • gc_wait_archive
          • fuse_row_cache_priority
          • global_index_build_single_replica_timeout
          • global_major_freeze_residual_memory
          • get_leader_candidate_rpc_timeout
          • global_write_halt_residual_memory
          • high_priority_net_thread_count
          • ignore_replay_checksum_error
          • ignore_replica_checksum_error
          • index_clog_cache_priority
          • index_info_block_cache_priority
          • index_cache_priority
          • ilog_index_expire_time
          • internal_sql_execute_timeout
          • large_query_threshold
          • large_query_worker_percentage
          • leak_mod_to_check
          • lease_time
          • location_cache_cpu_quota
          • location_cache_priority
          • location_cache_expire_time
          • location_cache_refresh_min_interval
          • location_cache_refresh_rpc_timeout
          • location_cache_refresh_sql_timeout
          • location_fetch_concurrency
          • location_refresh_thread_count
          • log_archive_batch_buffer_limit
          • log_archive_checkpoint_interval
          • max_kept_major_version_number
          • max_px_worker_count
          • max_string_print_length
          • max_syslog_file_count
          • memory_chunk_cache_size
          • memory_limit
          • memory_limit_percentage
          • memory_reserved
          • memstore_limit_percentage
          • merge_stat_sampling_ratio
          • merge_thread_count
          • merger_completion_percentage
          • merger_switch_leader_duration_time
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          • # rootservice_list
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          • server_check_interval
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      • System variables
        • Overview
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      • System views (MySQL mode)
        • Overview
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          • Dictionary views overview
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          • information_schema.ENGINES
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          • information_schema.SCHEMATA
          • information_schema.SESSION_STATUS
          • information_schema.SESSION_VARIABLES
          • information_schema.STATISTICS
          • information_schema.TABLES
          • information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
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          • information_schema.VIEW_TABLE_USAGE
          • information_schema.VIEWS
          • mysql.db
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          • mysql.user
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASES
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          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVERS
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          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_CONFIGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNITS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SEQUENCE_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS_V$
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINE_CONCURRENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_SYS_VARIABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_COLUMN_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_MANAGEMENT_CONFIG
          • information_schema.QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • oceanbase.DBA_SEQUENCES
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          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
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          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USER_DEFINED_RULES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS
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          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • information_schema.ST_GEOMETRY_COLUMNS
          • information_schema.ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CLUSTER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RSRC_IO_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLANS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
        • Performance views
          • Overview
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
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          • GV$SESSION_EVENT
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          • GV$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
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          • GV$OB_SSTABLES
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          • V$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • V$OB_UNITS
          • V$STATNAME
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          • V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • V$SESSTAT
          • V$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • V$OB_MEMORY
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • V$OB_SQL_AUDIT
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          • V$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • V$SESSION_LONGOPS
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          • V$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • V$OB_PS_STAT
          • V$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • V$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • V$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • V$OB_MERGE_INFO
          • V$SQL_MONITOR_STATNAME
          • V$OB_ENCRYPTED_TABLES
          • V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES
          • V$OB_SSTABLES
          • V$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
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          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • GV$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
          • V$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
          • GV$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
          • V$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • V$SYSSTAT
          • V$SESSION_EVENT
          • GV$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • GV$DML_STATS
          • V$DML_STATS
          • GV$OB_LOG_STAT
          • V$OB_LOG_STAT
          • GV$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_PLAN
          • V$OB_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS
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GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT

Last Updated:2025-12-05 02:53:26  Updated
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What is on this page
SQL Audit settings
SQL Audit eviction mechanism
GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT columns

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GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT is a global SQL audit table that allows you to view the client source, server information, execution status, waited events, and time consumed in each phase of an operation.

SQL Audit settings

  • Enable SQL Audit.

    obclient> ALTER SYSTEM SET enable_sql_audit = true;
    /*Enable SQL Audit*/
    
    obclient> ALTER SYSTEM SET enable_sql_audit = false;
    /*Disable SQL Audit*/
    
  • Set the percentage of memory for SQL Audit. The default value is 3, and the value range is [0,80].

    obclient> SET global ob_sql_audit_percentage = 3;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected
    

SQL Audit eviction mechanism

The background task of the tenant checks the memory usage of SQL Audit and that of the OBServer node every second, and determines whether to trigger the eviction of SQL statements based on the memory usage. The upper limit of the memory for SQL Audit is calculated based on the value of ob_sql_audit_percentage and the maximum available memory.

If the actual memory usage of SQL Audit reaches the specified threshold, the conditions for triggering the eviction are met, and the eviction is enabled. If the actual memory usage of SQL Audit drops to the specified threshold, the conditions for stopping the eviction are met, and the eviction is disabled. The following table describes the SQL Audit eviction mechanism.

Trigger mechanism SQL Audit memory range Trigger condition for eviction Stop condition for eviction
Memory usage [0,64M] Memory upper limit × 50% 0 M
Memory usage [64M,100M] Memory upper limit-20M Memory upper limit-40 M
Memory usage [100M,5G] Memory upper limit × 80% Memory upper limit × 60%
Memory usage [5G,+∞) Memory upper limit-1G Memory upper limit-2 G
Record count N/A 900 million 800 million

GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT columns

Column Type (MySQL mode) Type (Oracle mode) Description
SVR_IP varchar(46) varchar(46) IP address of the server.
SVR_PORT bigint(20) number(38) Port number of the server.
REQUEST_ID bigint(20) number(38) ID of the request.
SQL_EXEC_ID bigint(20) number(38) If an SQL plan is being executed, the corresponding SQL ID is displayed.
TRACE_ID varchar(128) varchar(128) Trace ID of the statement.
SID bigint(20) unsigned number(38) Session ID.
CLIENT_IP varchar(46) varchar(46) IP address of the client that sent the request.
CLIENT_PORT bigint(20) number(38) Port number of the client that sent the request.
TENANT_ID bigint(20) number(38) Tenant ID of the client that sent the request.
TENANT_NAME varchar(64) varchar(46) Tenant name of the client that sent the request.
EFFECTIVE_TENANT_ID bigint(20) number(38) Tenant ID.
USER_ID bigint(20) number(38) User ID of the client that sent the request.
USER_NAME varchar(64) varchar(46) User name of the client that sent the request.
USER_GROUP bigint(20) number(38) ID of the resource group to which the user belongs.
USER_CLIENT_IP varchar(32) varchar(32) IP address of the client that sent the request.
DB_ID bigint(20) unsigned number(38) Database ID.
DB_NAME varchar(128) varchar(128) Database name.
SQL_ID varchar(32) varchar(32) ID of the SQL statement.
QUERY_SQL longtext CLOB Actual SQL statement.
PLAN_ID bigint(20) number(38) ID of the execution plan.
AFFECTED_ROWS bigint(20) number(38) Number of affected rows.
RETURN_ROWS bigint(20) number(38) Number of returned rows.
PARTITION_CNT bigint(20) number(38) Number of partitions involved in the request.
RET_CODE bigint(20) number(38) Return code of the execution result.
QC_ID bigint(20) unsigned number(38) qc_id in parallel queries.
DFO_ID bigint(20) number(38) dfo_id in parallel queries.
SQC_ID bigint(20) number(38) sqc_id in parallel queries.
WORKER_ID bigint(20) number(38) ID of the thread.
EVENT varchar(64) varchar(64) Name of the longest waiting event.
P1TEXT varchar(64) varchar(64) Waiting event parameter 1.
P1 bigint(20) unsigned number(38) Value of waiting event parameter 1.
P2TEXT varchar(64) varchar(64) Waiting event parameter 2.
P2 bigint(20) unsigned number(38) Value of waiting event parameter 2.
P3TEXT varchar(64) varchar(64) Waiting event parameter 3.
P3 bigint(20) unsigned number(38) Value of waiting event parameter 3.
LEVEL bigint(20) number(38) Level of the waiting event.
WAIT_CLASS_ID bigint(20) number(38) Class ID to which the waiting event belongs.
WAIT_CLASS# bigint(20) number(38) Index of the class to which the waiting event belongs.
WAIT_CLASS varchar(64) varchar(64) Name of the class to which the waiting event belongs.
STATE varchar(19) varchar(19) Status of the waiting event.
WAIT_TIME_MICRO bigint(20) number(38) Time that the waiting event waited for, in microseconds.
TOTAL_WAIT_TIME_MICRO bigint(20) number(38) Total waiting time of all waits during execution, in microseconds.
TOTAL_WAITS bigint(20) number(38) Total number of waits during execution.
RPC_COUNT bigint(20) number(38) Number of RPCs sent.
PLAN_TYPE bigint(20) number(38) Type of the execution plan:
  • 1: Local execution plan
  • 2: Remote execution plan
  • 3: Distributed execution plan
IS_INNER_SQL tinyint(4) number(38) 1 if the request is an internal SQL request; 0 otherwise.
IS_EXECUTOR_RPC tinyint(4) number(38) 1 if the current request is an RPC request; 0 otherwise.
IS_HIT_PLAN tinyint(4) number(38) 1 if the plan is hit in the cache; 0 otherwise.
REQUEST_TIME bigint(20) number(38) Start time of execution, in microseconds.
ELAPSED_TIME bigint(20) number(38) Total time consumed from receiving the request to the end of execution, in microseconds.
NET_TIME bigint(20) number(38) Time from sending the RPC to receiving the request, in microseconds.
NET_WAIT_TIME bigint(20) number(38) Time from receiving the request to entering the queue, in microseconds.
QUEUE_TIME bigint(20) number(38) Time that the request waited in the queue, in microseconds.
DECODE_TIME bigint(20) number(38) Decode time after the request was dequeued, in microseconds.
GET_PLAN_TIME bigint(20) number(38) Time from the start of execution to obtaining the plan, in microseconds.
EXECUTE_TIME bigint(20) number(38) Execution time of the plan, in microseconds.
APPLICATION_WAIT_TIME bigint(20) unsigned number(38) Total time of all application-related events, in microseconds.
CONCURRENCY_WAIT_TIME bigint(20) unsigned number(38) Total time of all concurrency-related events, in microseconds.
USER_IO_WAIT_TIME bigint(20) unsigned number(38) Total time of all user_io-related events, in microseconds.
SCHEDULE_TIME bigint(20) unsigned number(38) Time of all schedule-related events, in microseconds.
ROW_CACHE_HIT bigint(20) number(38) Number of hits in the row cache.
BLOOM_FILTER_CACHE_HIT bigint(20) number(38) Number of hits in the Bloom filter cache.
BLOCK_CACHE_HIT bigint(20) number(38) Number of hits in the block cache.
DISK_READS bigint(20) number(38) Number of physical reads.
RETRY_CNT bigint(20) number(38) Number of retries.
TABLE_SCAN tinyint(4) number(38) 1 if the request contains a full-table scan; 0 otherwise.
CONSISTENCY_LEVEL bigint(20) number(38) Consistency level.
MEMSTORE_READ_ROW_COUNT bigint(20) number(38) Number of rows read from the MemStore.
SSSTORE_READ_ROW_COUNT bigint(20) number(38) Number of rows read from SSSTORE.
DATA_BLOCK_READ_CNT bigint(20) NO Number of data microblocks accessed.
DATA_BLOCK_CACHE_HIT bigint(20) NO Number of hits in the data microblock cache.
INDEX_BLOCK_READ_CNT bigint(20) NO Number of intermediate layer microblocks accessed.
INDEX_BLOCK_CACHE_HIT bigint(20) NO Number of hits in the intermediate layer microblock cache.
BLOCKSCAN_BLOCK_CNT bigint(20) NO Number of data microblocks scanned in one direction.
BLOCKSCAN_ROW_CNT bigint(20) NO Number of data rows scanned in one direction.
PUSHDOWN_STORAGE_FILTER_ROW_CNT bigint(20) NO Number of rows filtered by the storage layer filter.
REQUEST_MEMORY_USED bigint(20) number(38) Memory consumed by the request.
EXPECTED_WORKER_COUNT bigint(20) number(38) Number of worker threads expected.
USED_WORKER_COUNT bigint(20) number(38) Number of worker threads actually used.
SCHED_INFO varchar(16384) varchar(16384) Scheduling information of the request.
FUSE_ROW_CACHE_HIT bigint(20) number(38) Not supported. The default value is NULL.
PS_CLIENT_STMT_ID bigint(20) NO Prepare ID corresponding to the request:
  • -1: indicates that the SQL statement does not use the PS protocol.
  • A value other than -1: indicates that the SQL statement uses the PS protocol, and is a unique identifier returned by the PS protocol to the client for the statement.
PS_INNER_STMT_ID bigint(20) NO Prepare ID corresponding to the request:
  • -1: indicates that the SQL statement does not use the PS protocol.
  • A value other than -1: indicates that the SQL statement uses the PS protocol, and is a unique identifier returned by the PS protocol to the internal system for the statement.
TX_ID bigint(20) NO Hash value of the transaction corresponding to the request.
SNAPSHOT_VERSION bigint(20)unsigned NO Snapshot read version of the current statement.
REQUEST_TYPE bigint(20) number(38) Type corresponding to the request:
  • 0: indicates an invalid value.
  • 1: indicates an internal request.
  • 2: indicates a local request, such as a local plan.
  • 3: indicates a remote request.
  • 4: indicates a distributed request.
  • 5: indicates an SQL prepare request.
  • 6: indicates an SQL execute request.
  • 7: indicates an SQL fetch request.
  • 8: indicates an SQL send_piece request.
  • 9: indicates an SQL get_piece request.
  • 10: indicates an SQL send_long_data request.
  • 11: indicates that the current SQL statement is an internal SQL statement called by a PL statement.
IS_BATCHED_MULTI_STMT tinyint(4) number(38) 1 if batch multi-statement optimization is performed; 0 otherwise.
OB_TRACE_INFO VARCHAR2(4096) VARCHAR2(4096) User-defined trace information.
PLAN_HASH bigint(20) unsigned number(38) Hash value of the execution plan.
LOCK_FOR_READ_TIME bigint(20)

Notice

This view does not contain the LOCK_FOR_READ_TIME column in Oracle mode of OceanBase Database.

Time spent waiting for locks when reading data, in microseconds.
PARAMS_VALUE longtext CLOB Parameter value.

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