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OceanBase

A unified distributed database ready for your transactional, analytical, and AI workloads.

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Open source AI native search database

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Start on Cloud

A unified distributed database ready for your transactional, analytical, and AI workloads.

DEPLOY YOUR WAY

OceanBase Cloud

The best way to deploy and scale OceanBase

OceanBase Enterprise

Run and manage OceanBase on your infra

TRY OPEN SOURCE

OceanBase Community Edition

The free, open-source distributed database

OceanBase seekdb

Open source AI native search database

Customer Stories

Real-world success stories from enterprises across diverse industries.

View All
BY USE CASES

Mission-Critical Transactions

Global & Multicloud Application

Elastic Scaling for Peak Traffic

Real-time Analytics

Active Geo-redundancy

Database Consolidation

Comprehensive knowledge hub for OceanBase.

Blog

Live Demos

Training & Certification

Documentation

Official technical guides, tutorials, API references, and manuals for all OceanBase products.

View All
PRODUCTS
OceanBase CloudOceanBase Database
ToolsConnectors and Middleware
QUICK START
OceanBase CloudOceanBase Database
BEST PRACTICES

Practical guides for utilizing OceanBase more effectively and conveniently

Learn more about OceanBase – our company, partnerships, and trust and security initiatives.

About OceanBase

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Trust Center

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OceanBase Database

SQL - V2.2.77Enterprise Edition

  • OceanBase Introduction
    • What is OceanBase Database?
    • Benefits
    • System architecture
    • Features
    • Compatibility with Oracle
      • Compatibility with Oracle Database
      • SQL data types
      • Built-in functions
      • System views
    • Compatibility with MySQL
    • Scenarios
    • Technical standards
    • Related services
  • OceanBase Database Overview
    • Database introduction
      • Overview
      • Overall architecture
      • Basic concepts
    • Data distribution
      • Cluster management
      • Tenant and resource management
      • Data distribution
      • Replicas and services
      • Data balancing
    • Data model
      • Multi-tenant architecture
      • Compatibility modes
      • System tenant
      • General tenant
      • Table and table group
      • Secondary index
      • Tables without a primary key
      • Views
    • High availability
      • High availability solution
      • Deployment modes
      • REDO log management
    • Transaction management
      • Isolation level
      • Concurrency control
      • GTS
      • Local transaction
      • Distributed transaction
      • Distributed query
    • Storage architecture
      • Overview
      • LSM-tree architecture
      • MemTable
      • Block storage (SSTable)
      • Minor compaction and major compaction
      • Caching
      • Read and write process
      • DDL
    • SQL engine
      • Execution process of SQL queries
      • Query rewrite
        • Overview
        • Rule-based query rewrite
        • Cost-based query rewrite
      • Query optimization
        • Access path
          • Overview
          • Rule-based path selection
          • Cost-based path selection
        • Join algorithms
          • Overview
          • Join algorithms
          • Join order
      • SQL execution plan
        • Introduction to SQL execution plan
        • Execution plan operators
          • TABLE SCAN
          • TABLE LOOKUP
          • JOIN
          • COUNT
          • GROUP BY
          • WINDOW FUNCTION
          • SUBPLAN FILTER
          • DISTINCT
          • SEQUENCE
          • MATERIAL
          • SORT
          • LIMIT
          • FOR UPDATE
          • SELECT INTO
          • SUBPLAN SCAN
          • UNION
          • INTERSECT
          • EXCEPT/MINUS
          • INSERT
          • DELETE
          • UPDATE
          • MERGE
          • EXCHANGE
          • GI
        • Plan cache
        • Fast parameterization
        • Real-time execution plan display
      • Distributed execution plan
        • Distributed execution and parallel query
        • Generate a distributed plan
        • Schedule distributed execution plans
        • Manage distributed execution plans
        • Execution of parallel queries
        • Parameter tuning for a parallel query
    • Client access
      • Data link
      • ODP
      • Database driver
    • Backup and recovery
      • Overview
      • Backup architecture
      • Restoration architecture
      • Backup set
      • Archive log round
    • Primary and standby databases
      • Overview
      • Typical scenarios
      • Protection mode
      • Role switchover
      • Log transfer service
      • Primary/standby database configuration
  • Deploy OceanBase Database
    • Deployment introduction
    • Deployment process
    • Preparations before deployment
      • Prepare servers
      • Server configuration requirements
      • Prepare the installation packages
    • Configure the deployment environment
      • Configure through the CLI
        • Install OAT-CLI
        • Use OAT-CLI to configure the deployment environment
        • Configure the clock source
        • Upload the installation packages
        • Configure the host information
        • Check the environment before deployment
      • Configure through the graphical interface
        • Deploy OAT
        • Verification after deployment
        • Configure the clock source
        • Upload the installation packages
        • Add a server
        • Initialize the server
    • Deploy OCP
      • Deployment description
      • Deploy through the CLI
        • Generate a configuration file
        • Start deployment
      • Deploy through the GUI
        • Add an OCP configuration file
        • Deploy OCP
      • Check after deployment
    • Deploy the OceanBase cluster
      • Configure DNS (optional)
      • Add an OBServer to the OCP resource pool
      • Create an OceanBase cluster
    • Deploy OBProxy
      • Deployment description
      • Deploy OBProxy
    • Create an OceanBase tenant
      • View available resources of a business tenant
      • Create a tenant
      • Verification after deployment
    • Deploy OMS
      • Deployment description
      • Deploy through the CLI
        • Modify the configuration file
        • Start deployment
      • Deploy through the GUI
        • Add an OMS configuration file
        • Deploy OMS
      • Check after deployment
    • Deploy ODC
      • Deployment description
      • Deploy through the CLI
        • Modify the configuration file
        • Start deployment
      • Deploy through the GUI
        • Add an ODC configuration file
        • Deploy ODC
      • Check after deployment
  • Quick Start
    • Overview
    • Connect to OceanBase Database
      • Connect to a MySQL tenant from a MySQL client
      • Use OBClient to connect to an OceanBase Database tenant
    • Basic operations (MySQL)
      • Database operations
      • Table operations
      • Index operations
      • Insert data
      • Query data
      • Update data
      • Delete data
      • Commit a transaction
      • Roll back a transaction
    • Basic Operations (Oracle)
      • Table-level operations
      • Index operations
      • Insert data
      • Query data
      • Update data
      • Delete data
      • Commit a transaction
      • Roll back a transaction
  • Administrator Guide
    • Basic database components
    • Database management tools
      • Management tools overview
      • OBClient
      • MySQL client
      • OceanBase Cloud Platform
      • OceanBase Developer Center
    • Connect to OceanBase Database
      • Connect to a MySQL tenant from a MySQL client
      • Use OBClient to connect to an OceanBase Database tenant
    • View the database version
    • Cluster and multi-tenant management
      • Cluster management
        • Overview of cluster management
        • Cluster management operations
      • Zone management
        • Overview of zone management
        • Add or delete zones
        • Start or stop a zone
        • Modify a zone
      • OBServer management
        • Overview of OBServer management
        • View OBServer status
        • Stop an OBServer
        • Start an OBServer
        • Manage OBServer status
      • Resource management
        • Overview of resource management
        • Create a resource unit
        • View resource units
        • Modify resource units
        • Delete resource units
        • Create a resource pool
        • Check resource configurations
        • Modify a resource pool
        • Delete a resource pool
      • Tenant management
        • Overview of tenant management
        • Create a tenant
        • View tenants
        • Modify a tenant
        • Delete a tenant
        • View tenant sessions
        • Terminate a tenant session
        • Tenant management variables
      • Memory management
        • Overview of memory management
        • Memory structure of OceanBase Database
        • Maximum memory for OceanBase Database
        • Internal system memory management
        • Internal tenant memory management
        • Plan cache
        • Common memory issues
    • Database object management
      • Manage tables
        • About tables
        • Create a table
        • Define an auto-increment column
        • Define column constraints
        • View table definition
        • Modify a table
        • Empty a table
        • Drop a table
      • Manage table groups
        • About table groups
        • Table group management statements
      • Manage indexes
        • About indexes
        • Create an index
        • View an index
        • Delete an index
      • Manage views, sequences, and synonyms
        • Manage views
        • Manage sequences
        • Manage synonyms
      • Manage triggers
        • Overview
        • Create a DML trigger
        • Modify and drop a trigger
        • Disable and enable a trigger
        • Delete a trigger
        • View trigger information
    • Data distribution and path management
      • Manage partitioned tables and partitioned indexes
        • About partitions
        • Partitioning strategies
        • Create a partitioned table
          • Partitioned tables
          • Subpartitioned tables
        • Partition pruning
        • Name and query a partition
        • Create an index on a partitioned table
          • Local index
          • Global index
          • Use an index
        • Maintain partitioned tables
          • Partitioned tables
          • Subpartitioned tables
      • Manage replicas
        • Overview of replicas
        • Use table replicas
      • Locality management
        • Overview of locality management
        • Modify tenant locality
      • OBProxy management
        • OBProxy management overview
        • OBProxy management operations
          • Start and stop OBProxy
          • Slow queries in OBProxy
          • OBProxy O\&M practices
        • Routing feature
          • SQL parser
          • LDC routing
          • Read/write splitting
          • Follower-first read
          • Blacklist
        • Load-balancing
        • Manage drivers
    • Manage transactions
      • Overview of transactions
      • Commit a transaction
      • Roll back a transaction
      • Levels of transaction isolation
    • Data storage management
      • Major compaction management
        • Major compaction management overview
        • Automatically trigger a major compaction
        • Manually trigger major compaction
        • View major compactions
        • Major compaction timeout and errors
        • Major compaction control parameters
      • Minor compaction management
        • Minor compaction management overview
        • Automatically trigger a minor compaction
        • Manually trigger a minor compaction
        • View minor compactions
        • Control parameters of minor compactions
      • Data compression
        • Data compression overview
        • Data encoding and compression
    • Data migration
      • Data migration overview
      • Migrate data by using SQL scripts
      • Migrate data by using MySQLDump
      • Migrate data by using DataX
      • Migrate data by using OUTFILE statements
      • Migrate data by using OMS
    • Manage user privileges
      • Users and privileges
      • Create a user
      • Manage roles
      • Modify user privileges
      • View the whitelist
      • Lock and unlock a user
      • Delete a user
    • Data monitoring and alerts
      • Monitoring alert overview
      • Monitoring
        • Status monitoring
        • Performance monitoring
        • Common performance monitoring metrics
        • SQL monitoring
      • Alerts
        • Alert configuration
        • Alert subscription
        • Alert message management
        • Common alert item management
    • Data high availability
      • Recycle bin management
        • Objects supported by the recycle bin
        • Recycle bin for databases, tables, and indexes
        • Recycle bin for tenants
      • Flashback queries
      • Restore points
      • Manage backup and restoration
        • Introduction to physical backup and restoration
        • Deploy NFS
        • Data backup
          • Backup by using commands
          • Enable backup based on log splitting
          • Change the backup destination during backup
          • View the backup progress
          • Stop a backup
          • Automatically clear backup data
          • Manually clear backup data
          • Cancel backup clearing
        • Secondary backup (cluster level)
          • Overview of secondary backup
          • Perform secondary backup
          • Automatically clear secondary backup data
          • Manually clear secondary backup data
        • Secondary backup (tenant level)
        • Restore data
          • Perform full restoration
          • View the full restoration progress and results
          • Restore a specified table
        • Restore secondary backup data
        • Routine maintenance
          • Backup-related maintenance
          • Operations related to secondary backup
      • Primary/Standby cluster management
        • Primary/Standby cluster configuration overview
        • Deploy the primary and standby clusters
          • Configuration requirements
          • Deploy a primary cluster
          • Check the configurations of the primary cluster
          • Deploy a standby cluster by using SQL commands
        • Tenant management
        • Log transfer service
          • Overview
          • Configure log transfer parameters for a standby cluster
          • Configure log compression
        • Protection mode
          • Protection mode overview
          • Protection mode and protection level
          • Switch the protection mode
        • Role switching
          • Switchover and failover
          • Preparations for a switchover
          • Switchover
            • Switchover by using commands
          • Failover
            • Preparations for a failover
            • Lossless failover
            • Connect the original primary cluster after a lossless failover
            • Lossy failover
            • Restore the original primary cluster after a lossy failover
            • Correct the data after a failover
        • Standby cluster read service
        • Delete a standby cluster
        • Precautions and use constraints
        • Troubleshooting
          • Failover-related errors
          • Switchover errors
          • Protection mode switching errors
          • Tenant creation for a standby cluster got stuck
          • Data synchronization enablement errors
    • Exception handling
      • Exception handling overview
      • Exception handling logic
      • Handle major compaction exceptions
      • Handle load exceptions
      • Handle tenant memory overrun exceptions
    • Data security management
      • Data transmission encryption
        • Overview
        • Transmission encryption of OBServers
        • Transmission encryption of ODP
      • Set row-level access control
      • Audit databases
        • Overview
        • Enable audit
        • Audit user logon operations
        • Audit user operations
        • Audit specified database objects
  • Developer Guide (MySQL Mode)
    • Foreword
      • About OceanBase Database developers
      • Overview
      • About OceanBase Database
        • Overview of OceanBase clusters
        • Introduction to OceanBase tenants
        • Database objects in a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
        • About how to access OceanBase Database
          • About MySQL clients (mysql)
          • About OceanBase client OBClient
          • About SQL
          • JDBC driver
          • OceanBase Java database connection driver
      • About sample database TPCC
    • Connect to OceanBase Database
      • Connect to an OceanBase tenant through a MySQL client
      • Connect to an OceanBase tenant through OBClient
      • Connect to OceanBase Database through ODC
      • Create OceanBase sample database TPCC
      • Explore MySQL tenants of OceanBase Database through OBClient
      • Query table data
        • About query statements
        • Search for data that satisfies specified conditions in a table
        • Sort query results
        • Query data from multiple tables
        • Use operators and functions in a query
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use numeric functions in queries
          • Use string connectors in a query
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use date and time functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use CASE functions in queries
          • Use the SELECT FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
        • View the query execution plan
        • Use SQL hints in queries
        • About query timeout design
    • DML statements and transactions
      • About DML statements
        • Overview of DML statements
        • About the INSERT statement
        • About the UPDATE statement
        • About the DELETE statement
        • About the REPLACE INTO statement
      • About transaction control statements
      • Commit a transaction
      • Roll back a transaction
      • Transaction savepoints
      • About transaction timeout
    • Create and manage database objects
      • About DDL statements
      • Create and manage tables
        • About SQL data types
        • Create a table
        • About auto-increment columns
        • About types of column constraints
        • About table indexes
        • Flash back a deleted table
      • Create and manage partitioned tables
        • Overview
        • Partition routing
        • Partitioning strategies
        • Indexing on partitioned tables
        • Recommendations for using partitioned tables
      • Create and manage table groups
        • About table groups
        • Specify a table group when creating a table
        • View information about a table group
        • Add a table to a table group
        • Delete a table group
      • Create and manage views
        • Create a view
        • Modify a view
        • Delete a view
    • Migrate data to OceanBase Database
      • About data migration and synchronization
      • DataX
      • Examples of DataX reader and writer plug-ins for different data sources
      • OceanBase data loading methods
    • Migrate data to OceanBase Database
      • Example of connecting a Java application to OceanBase Database
      • General OceanBase parameters and variables
      • General SQL hints for OceanBase
  • Developer Guide (Oracle Mode)
    • Foreword
      • About OceanBase Database developers
      • Overview
      • About OceanBase Database
        • Overview of OceanBase clusters
        • Introduction to OceanBase tenants
        • Database objects in a MySQL tenant of OceanBase
        • Database objects in an Oracle tenant of OceanBase
        • About oceanbase database access methods
          • About MySQL clients (mysql)
          • About OceanBase client OBClient
          • About ODC
          • About SQL
          • JDBC driver
          • OceanBase JDBC driver
      • About sample database TPCC
    • Connect to OceanBase Database
      • Connect to an OceanBase tenant through OBClient
      • Connect to OceanBase Database through ODC
      • Create OceanBase sample database TPCC
      • Explore Oracle tenants of OceanBase through OBClient
      • Explore Oracle tenants of OceanBase through ODC
      • Query table data
        • About query statements
        • Search for data that satisfies specified conditions in a table
        • Sort query results
        • Query data from multiple tables
        • Use operators and functions in a query
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use numeric functions in queries
          • Use string connectors in a query
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use date and time functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use CASE functions in queries
          • Use the DECODE function in queries
          • Use complex analytic functions in queries
        • View the query execution plan
        • Use SQL hints in queries
        • About query timeout design
        • About Flashback query
    • About DML statements and transactions
      • About DML statements
        • Overview of DML statements
        • About the INSERT statement
        • About the UPDATE statement
        • About the MERGE statement
        • About the DELETE statement
      • About transaction control statements
      • Commit a transaction
      • Roll back a transaction
      • Transaction savepoints
      • About transaction timeout
    • Create and manage database objects
      • About the DDL statement
      • Create and manage tables
        • About SQL data types
        • Create a table
        • About auto-increment columns
        • About types of column constraints
        • About table indexes
        • Flash back a deleted table
      • Create and manage partitioned tables
        • Overview of partitioning
        • Partition routing
        • Partitioning strategies
        • Indexing on partitioned tables
        • Recommendations for using partitioned tables
      • Create and manage table groups
        • About table groups
        • Specify a table group when creating a table
        • View information about a table group
        • Add a table to a table group
        • Delete a table group
      • Create and manage views
        • Create a view
        • Modify a view
        • Delete a view
      • Create and manage sequences
        • Overview
        • Create and use sequences
        • Modify sequence attributes
        • Delete a sequence
      • Create and manage synonyms
        • Overview
        • Create a synonym
        • Delete a synonym
    • Work in globalized environments
      • Globalization support features
      • Default NLS parameters
      • View NLS parameters
      • Modify NLS parameters
      • Use Unicode in internationalized programs
    • Build extensible applications
      • Extensible applications
      • Use bind variables to improve the extensibility
      • Use PL to improve the performance
      • Concurrency and extensibility
      • Limit the number of concurrent sessions
      • Production environment data processing techniques
    • Migrate data to OceanBase Database
      • Data migration and synchronization
      • DataX
      • Examples of DataX reader and writer plug-ins for different data sources
      • OceanBase data loading methods
    • Appendix
      • Example of connecting a Java application to OceanBase Database
      • General OceanBase parameters and variables
      • Common SQL Hints for OceanBase Database
  • SQL Reference (MySQL Mode)
    • Elements
      • Data type
        • Data type overview
        • Numeric data types
        • Date and time data types
        • Character data types
        • Large-object data types
      • Expressions
      • Type conversion
      • Character sets
      • Collations
      • Data comparison rules
      • Literals
      • Comments
    • Operators
      • Arithmetic operators
      • Bitwise operators
      • Comparison operators
      • Logical operators
      • Date and time operators
      • Concatenation operators
      • Hierarchical query operators
      • Collation operators
    • Functions
      • Single-row functions
        • Date and time functions
        • String functions
        • Conversion functions
        • Mathematical functions
        • Comparison functions
        • Process control functions
      • Aggregate functions
      • Analytic functions
      • Information functions
      • Other functions
    • Queries and subqueries
      • Overview
      • JOIN
      • Set
    • SQL statements
      • General syntax
      • ALTER DATABASE
      • ALTER OUTLINE
      • ALTER RESOURCE POOL
      • ALTER RESOURCE UNIT
      • ALTER SYSTEM
      • ALTER TABLE
      • ALTER TABLEGROUP
      • ALTER TENANT
      • ALTER USER
      • CREATE DATABASE
      • CREATE INDEX
      • CREATE OUTLINE
      • CREATE RESOURCE POOL
      • CREATE RESOURCE UNIT
      • CREATE RESTORE POINT
      • CREATE SYNONYM
      • CREATE TABLE
      • CREATE TABLEGROUP
      • CREATE TENANT
      • CREATE USER
      • CREATE VIEW
      • DELETE
      • DROP DATABASE
      • DROP INDEX
      • DROP OUTLINE
      • DROP RESOURCE POOL
      • DROP RESOURCE UNIT
      • DROP RESTORE POINT
      • DROP TABLE
      • DROP TABLEGROUP
      • DROP TENANT
      • DROP SYNONYM
      • DROP USER
      • DROP VIEW
      • EXPLAIN
      • FLASHBACK DATABASE
      • FLASHBACK TABLE
      • FLASHBACK TENANT
      • GRANT
      • INSERT
      • KILL
      • PURGE DATABASE
      • PURGE INDEX
      • PURGE RECYCLEBIN
      • PURGE TABLE
      • PURGE TENANT
      • RENAME TABLE
      • RENAME USER
      • REPLACE
      • REVOKE
      • SAVEPOINT
      • SCHEMA
      • SELECT
      • SESSION
      • SET PASSWORD
      • SHOW GRANTS
      • SHOW RECYCLEBIN
      • TRANSACTION
      • TRUNCATE TABLE
      • UPDATE
  • SQL Reference (Oracle Mode)
    • SQL overview
    • Pseudocolumns
    • Elements
      • Built-in data types
        • Overview of built-in data types
        • Character data types
          • Overview of character data types
          • CHAR data type
          • NCHAR data type
          • NVARCHAR2 data type
          • VARCHAR2 data type
          • VARCHAR data type
        • Numeric data types
          • Overview of numeric data types
          • NUMBER data type
          • FLOAT data type
          • Floating-point numbers
          • Numeric precedence
        • Date, time, and interval data types
          • Overview of datetime and interval data types
          • DATE data type
          • TIMESTAMP data type
          • TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE data type
          • TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE data type
          • INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH data type
          • INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND data type
          • Calculation of DATE and INTERVAL values
        • RAW data type
        • Large object data types
          • Overview of large object data types
          • BLOB data type
          • CLOB data type
      • Comparison rules of data types
        • Overview of data type comparison rules
        • Numeric values
        • Date values
        • Character values
        • Data type precedence
        • Data type conversion
        • Security notes for data conversions
      • Literals
        • Literal overview
        • Text literals
        • Numeric literals
        • Datetime literals
          • Date literals
          • Timestamp literals
        • Interval literals
      • Formatting
        • Formatting overview
        • Number formatting
        • Datetime formatting
        • RR datetime format element
        • String-to-date conversion rules
      • Null values
        • Null value overview
        • Null values in SQL functions
        • Null values in comparison conditions
        • Null values in conditional expressions
      • Comments
        • Overview
        • Comments in SQL statements
        • Comments on schema objects and non-schema objects
        • Hint
          • Hint overview
          • Lists of hints
            • Hints related to access paths
            • Hints related to join orders
            • Hints related to join operations
            • Hints related to parallel execution
            • Hints related to query policies
            • Hints related to query transformation
            • Other hints
      • Database objects
        • Schema objects
      • Database naming conventions
        • Overview of the naming conventions of database objects
        • Naming rules of database objects
        • Examples of schema object names
        • Rules for naming schema objects
      • Methods of referencing database objects
        • Overview of database object references
        • Reference schema objects
        • Reference partitioned tables and indexes
        • Reference object type attributes and methods
    • Operators
      • Operator overview
      • Arithmetic operators
      • Concatenation operators
      • Hierarchical query operators
      • Set operators
      • Collations
    • Functions
      • Function overview
      • Single-row functions
        • Numeric functions
          • ABS
          • ACOS
          • BITAND
          • CEIL
          • EXP
          • FLOOR
          • LN
          • LOG
          • MOD
          • POWER
          • REMAINDER
          • ROUND
          • SIGN
          • SQRT
          • TRUNC
        • String functions that return strings
          • CHR
          • CONCAT
          • INITCAP
          • LOWER
          • LPAD
          • LTRIM
          • REGEXP_REPLACE
          • REPLACE
          • RPAD
          • RTRIM
          • SUBSTR
          • TRANSLATE
          • TRIM
          • UPPER
        • String functions that return numbers
          • ASCII
          • INSTR
          • LENGTH
        • Datetime functions
          • ADD_MONTHS
          • CURRENT_DATE
          • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
          • DBTIMEZONE
          • EXTRACT(datetime)
          • FROM_TZ
          • LAST_DAY
          • LOCALTIMESTAMP
          • MONTHS_BETWEEN
          • NEXT_DAY
          • NUMTODSINTERVAL
          • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
          • ROUND (date)
          • SESSIONTIMEZONE
          • SYS_EXTRACT_UTC
          • SYSDATE
          • SYSTIMESTAMP
          • TO_CHAR (datetime)
          • TO_DSINTERVAL
          • TO_TIMESTAMP
          • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
          • TO_YMINTERVAL
          • TRUNC (date)
          • TZ_OFFSET
        • General comparison functions
          • GREATEST
          • LEAST
        • Conversion functions
          • CAST
          • HEXTORAW
          • RAWTOHEX
          • TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
          • TO_BINARY_FLOAT
          • TO_CHAR (character)
          • TO_CHAR (datetime)
          • TO_CHAR (number)
          • TO_DATE
          • TO_DSINTERVAL
          • TO_NUMBER
          • TO_TIMESTAMP
          • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
          • TO_YMINTERVAL
        • Encoding and decoding functions
          • DECODE
          • ORA_HASH
          • VSIZE
        • Null value-related functions
          • COALESCE
          • LNNVL
          • NVL
          • NVL2
      • Aggregate functions
        • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
        • AVG
        • COUNT
        • KEEP
        • LISTAGG
        • MAX
        • MIN
        • ROLLUP
        • STDDEV
        • STDDEV_POP
        • STDDEV_SAMP
        • SUM
        • VARIANCE
        • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
      • Analytic functions
        • Description of window functions
        • AVG
        • COUNT
        • KEEP
        • SUM
        • MAX
        • MIN
        • LISTAGG
        • STDDEV
        • STDDEV_POP
        • STDDEV_SAMP
        • VARIANCE
        • RANK
        • LEAD
        • LAG
        • FIRST_VALUE
        • LAST_VALUE
        • NTH_VALUE
        • CUME_DIST
        • DENSE_RANK
        • NTILE
        • PERCENT_RANK
        • RATIO_TO_REPORT
        • ROW_NUMBER
        • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
    • Expressions
      • Overview of SQL expressions
      • Simple expressions
      • Compound expressions
      • Case expressions
      • Column expressions
      • Datetime expressions
      • Function expressions
      • Interval expressions
      • Scalar subquery expressions
      • Expression lists
    • Conditions
      • Overview of SQL conditions
      • Comparison conditions
      • Logical conditions
      • Pattern-matching conditions
      • NULL conditions
      • Compound conditions
      • BETWEEN conditions
      • EXISTS conditions
      • IN conditions
    • Queries and subqueries
      • Overview of queries and subqueries
      • Simple queries
      • Hierarchical queries
      • Sets
      • Joins
      • Subqueries
    • SQL statements
      • DDL
        • ALTER KEYSTORE
        • ALTER OUTLINE
        • ALTER SEQUENCE
        • ALTER SESSION
        • ALTER TABLE
        • ALTER TABLEGROUP
        • ALTER USER
        • CREATE INDEX
        • CREATE KEYSTORE
        • CREATE OUTLINE
        • CREATE RESTORE POINT
        • CREATE SEQUENCE
        • CREATE SYNONYM
        • CREATE TABLE
        • CREATE TABLEGROUP
        • CREATE TABLESPACE
        • CREATE USER
        • CREATE VIEW
        • DROP INDEX
        • DROP OUTLINE
        • DROP RESTORE POINT
        • DROP SEQUENCE
        • DROP SYNONYM
        • DROP TABLE
        • DROP TABLEGROUP
        • DROP TABLESPACE
        • DROP USER
        • DROP VIEW
        • RENAME
        • TRUNCATE TABLE
      • DML
        • DELETE
        • INSERT
        • MERGE
        • PURGE INDEX
        • PURGE RECYCLEBIN
        • PURGE TABLE
        • SELECT
        • UPDATE
      • DCL
        • AUDIT
        • EXPLAIN
        • FLASHBACK TABLE BEFORE DROP
        • GRANT
        • KILL
        • REVOKE
        • SAVEPOINT
        • SET NAMES
        • SET PASSWORD
        • SET VARIABLE
        • SHOW
        • SHOW RECYCLEBIN
        • SHRINK
        • TRANSACTION
  • SQL Tuning Guide
    • Execution process of SQL queries
    • SQL execution plan
      • Introduction to SQL execution plan
      • Execution plan operators
        • TABLE SCAN
        • TABLE LOOKUP
        • JOIN
        • COUNT
        • GROUP BY
        • WINDOW FUNCTION
        • SUBPLAN FILTER
        • DISTINCT
        • SEQUENCE
        • MATERIAL
        • SORT
        • LIMIT
        • FOR UPDATE
        • SELECT INTO
        • SUBPLAN SCAN
        • UNION
        • INTERSECT
        • EXCEPT/MINUS
        • INSERT
        • DELETE
        • UPDATE
        • MERGE
        • EXCHANGE
        • GI
      • Plan cache
      • Fast parameterization
      • Execution plan display (EXPLAIN)
      • Real-time execution plan display
    • Distributed execution plan
      • Distributed execution and parallel query
      • Generate a distributed plan
      • Schedule distributed execution plans
      • Manage distributed execution plans
      • Execution of parallel queries
      • Parameter tuning for a parallel query
    • SQL tuning
      • Overview of SQL tuning
      • General procedure of SQL tuning
      • Monitor the SQL execution performance
        • (g)v$sql_audit introduction
        • SQL Trace
        • Plan cache view
        • Examples of SQL performance analysis
          • Use SQL Audit to analyze wait events in a query
          • Analyze SQL queries that cause an abrupt RT jitter
          • View the shape of an execution plan and analyze the plan
          • Analyze slow SQL queries
          • Query SQL traffic distribution and QPS
          • Check whether SQL queries are balanced across servers in a cluster
          • Find the TOP N SQL queries
          • Analyze whether an unusually large number of remote execution requests exist in the system or the execution of an SQL statement
          • Find full table scan SQL statements in a tenant
          • Find the TOP N queries with the longest execution time within a specified period
          • Analyze queries related to distributed plans
          • Check whether the RPC execution count of a distributed subplan is balanced across servers in a cluster
      • Query rewrite
        • Overview
        • Rule-based query rewrite
        • Cost-based query rewrite
      • Query optimization
        • Access path
          • Overview
          • Rule-based path selection
          • Cost-based path selection
        • Join algorithms
          • Overview
          • Join algorithms
          • Join order
      • Manage execution plans
        • Optimizer hints
        • Plan binding
        • SQL plan management
    • Concepts
    • FAQ about SQL tuning
  • Reference Guide (MySQL Mode)
    • System views
      • Overview
      • Dictionary views
        • mysql.help_topic
        • mysql.help_category
        • mysql.help_keyword
        • mysql.help_relation
        • mysql.db
        • mysql.proc
        • mysql.time_zone
        • mysql.time_zone_name
        • mysql.time_zone_transition
        • mysql.time_zone_transition_type
        • mysql.user
        • information_schema.CHARACTER_SETS
        • information_schema.COLLATIONS
        • information_schema.COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY
        • information_schema.COLUMNS
        • information_schema.DBA_OUTLINES
        • information_schema.ENGINES
        • information_schema.GLOBAL_STATUS
        • information_schema.GLOBAL_VARIABLES
        • information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
        • information_schema.PARAMETERS
        • information_schema.PARTITIONS
        • information_schema.PROCESSLIST
        • information_schema.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
        • information_schema.ROUTINES
        • information_schema.SCHEMATA
        • information_schema.SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES
        • information_schema.SESSION_STATUS
        • information_schema.SESSION_VARIABLES
        • information_schema.STATISTICS
        • information_schema.TABLES
        • information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
        • information_schema.TABLE_PRIVILEGES
        • information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES
        • information_schema.USER_RECYCLEBIN
        • information_schema.VIEWS
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOB_DETAILS
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_DETAILS
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_PROGRESS
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_EXPIRED
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_ARCHIVELOG_PROGRESS
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_CLEAN_HISTORY
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASK_CLEAN_HISTORY
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
        • oceanbase.CDB_CKPT_HISTORY
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATION_JOB
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATION_JOB_HISTORY
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TENANT_BACKUP_VALIDATION_TASK
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_VALIDATION_TASK_HISTORY
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_BACKUP_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_BACKUPSET_TASK_HISTORY
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_BACKUPSET_TASK
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_BACKUPSET_JOB_HISTORY
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_BACKUPSET_JOB
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_OBSOLETE
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_ARCHIVELOG
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_BACKUP_ARCHIVELOG
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_PIECE_FILES
        • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
      • Performance views
        • gv$plan_cache_stat
        • gv$plan_cache_plan_stat
        • gv$session_event
        • gv$session_wait
        • gv$session_wait_history
        • gv$system_event
        • gv$sesstat
        • gv$sysstat
        • gv$sql_audit
        • gv$latch
        • gv$memory
        • gv$memstore
        • gv$memstore_info
        • gv$plan_cache_plan_explain
        • gv$obrpc_outgoing
        • gv$obrpc_incoming
        • gv$sql
        • gv$sql_plan_monitor
        • gv$outline
        • gv$concurrent_limit_sql
        • gv$sql_plan_statistics
        • gv$server_memstore
        • gv$unit_load_balance_event_history
        • gv$tenant
        • gv$database
        • gv$table
        • gv$unit
        • gv$partition
        • gv$lock_wait_stat
        • gv$session_longops
        • gv$tenant_memstore_allocator_info
        • gv$minor_merge_info
        • gv$tenant_px_worker_stat
        • gv$partition_audit
        • gv$ps_stat
        • gv$ps_item_info
        • gv$sql_workarea
        • gv$sql_workarea_histogram
        • gv$ob_sql_workarea_memory_info
        • gv$server_schema_info
        • gv$merge_info
        • gv$lock
        • v$statname
        • v$event_name
        • v$session_event
        • v$session_wait
        • v$session_wait_history
        • v$sesstat
        • v$sysstat
        • v$system_event
        • v$memory
        • v$memstore
        • v$memstore_info
        • v$plan_cache_stat
        • v$plan_cache_plan_stat
        • v$plan_cache_plan_explain
        • v$sql_audit
        • v$obrpc_outgoing
        • v$obrpc_incoming
        • v$sql
        • v$sql_plan_monitor
        • v$sql_plan_statistics
        • v$unit
        • v$partition
        • v$lock_wait_stat
        • v$session_longops
        • v$latch
        • v$tenant_memstore_allocator_info
        • v$tenant_px_worker_stat
        • v$partition_audit
        • v$ob_cluster
        • v$ob_standby_status
        • v$ob_cluster_stats
        • v$ob_cluster_event_history
        • v$ps_stat
        • v$ps_item_info
        • v$sql_workarea
        • v$sql_workarea_active
        • v$sql_workarea_histogram
        • v$ob_sql_workarea_memory_info
        • v$ob_timestamp_service
        • v$server_schema_info
        • v$merge_info
        • v$lock
        • v$sql_monitor_statname
        • v$restore_point
        • v$ob_cluster_failover_info
        • v$encrypted_tables
        • v$encrypted_tablespaces
        • v$ob_all_clusters
    • System variables
      • System variable overview
      • auto_increment_increment
      • auto_increment_offset
      • autocommit
      • character_set_client
      • character_set_connection
      • character_set_database
      • character_set_results
      • character_set_server
      • character_set_system
      • collation_connection
      • collation_database
      • collation_server
      • interactive_timeout
      • last_insert_id
      • max_allowed_packet
      • sql_mode
      • time_zone
      • tx_isolation
      • version_comment
      • wait_timeout
      • binlog_row_image
      • character_set_filesystem
      • connect_timeout
      • datadir
      • debug_sync
      • div_precision_increment
      • explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
      • group_concat_max_len
      • identity
      • lower_case_table_names
      • net_read_timeout
      • net_write_timeout
      • read_only
      • sql_auto_is_null
      • sql_select_limit
      • timestamp
      • tx_read_only
      • version
      • sql_warnings
      • max_user_connections
      • init_connect
      • license
      • net_buffer_length
      • system_time_zone
      • query_cache_size
      • query_cache_type
      • sql_quote_show_create
      • max_sp_recursion_depth
      • sql_safe_updates
      • ob_default_replica_num
      • ob_proxy_partition_hit
      • ob_log_level
      • ob_max_parallel_degree
      • ob_query_timeout
      • ob_read_consistency
      • ob_enable_transformation
      • ob_trx_timeout
      • ob_enable_plan_cache
      • ob_enable_index_direct_select
      • ob_proxy_set_trx_executed
      • ob_enable_aggregation_pushdown
      • ob_last_schema_version
      • ob_global_debug_sync
      • ob_proxy_global_variables_version
      • ob_enable_trace_log
      • ob_enable_hash_group_by
      • ob_enable_blk_nestedloop_join
      • ob_bnl_join_cache_size
      • ob_org_cluster_id
      • ob_plan_cache_percentage
      • ob_plan_cache_evict_high_percentage
      • ob_plan_cache_evict_low_percentage
      • recyclebin
      • ob_capability_flag
      • ob_stmt_parallel_degree
      • is_result_accurate
      • error_on_overlap_time
      • ob_compatibility_mode
      • ob_create_table_strict_mode
      • ob_sql_work_area_percentage
      • ob_route_policy
      • ob_enable_transmission_checksum
      • foreign_key_checks
      • ob_enable_truncate_flashback
      • ob_tcp_invited_nodes
      • sql_throttle_current_priority
      • sql_throttle_priority
      • sql_throttle_rt
      • sql_throttle_network
      • auto_increment_cache_size
      • ob_enable_jit
      • ob_temp_tablespace_size_percentage
      • ob_timestamp_service
      • plugin_dir
      • undo_retention
      • ob_sql_audit_percentage
      • ob_enable_sql_audit
      • optimizer_use_sql_plan_baselines
      • optimizer_capture_sql_plan_baselines
      • parallel_max_servers
      • parallel_servers_target
      • ob_early_lock_release
      • ob_trx_idle_timeout
      • block_encryption_mode
      • ob_reserved_meta_memory_percentage
      • ob_check_sys_variable
      • tracefile_identifier
      • transaction_isolation
      • ob_trx_lock_timeout
      • validate_password_check_user_name
      • validate_password_length
      • validate_password_mixed_case_count
      • validate_password_number_count
      • validate_password_policy
      • validate_password_special_char_count
      • default_password_lifetime
      • ob_trace_info
      • secure_file_priv
      • ob_pl_block_timeout
      • performance_schema
      • transaction_read_only
      • max_connections
    • System configuration items
      • Overview of system configuration items
      • all_cluster_list
      • enable_unit_balance_resource_weight
      • plan_cache_high_watermark
      • plan_cache_low_watermark
      • sql_audit_queue_size
      • tenant_cpu_variation_per_server
      • max_stale_time_for_weak_consistency
      • sql_work_area
      • auto_leader_switch_interval
      • auto_delete_expired_backup
      • autoinc_cache_refresh_interval
      • audit_sys_operations
      • audit_trail
      • balancer_idle_time
      • balancer_log_interval
      • balancer_timeout_check_interval
      • balancer_task_timeout
      • balancer_tolerance_percentage
      • balancer_emergency_percentage
      • balance_blacklist_failure_threshold
      • balance_blacklist_retry_interval
      • backup_concurrency
      • backup_dest
      • backup_net_limit
      • backup_recovery_window
      • backup_region
      • builtin_db_data_verify_cycle
      • bf_cache_miss_count_threshold
      • bf_cache_priority
      • cache_wash_threshold
      • clog_cache_priority
      • clog_sync_time_warn_threshold
      • clog_disk_usage_limit_percentage
      • clog_transport_compress_all
      • clog_transport_compress_func
      • clog_persistence_compress_func
      • clog_max_unconfirmed_log_count
      • cluster
      • cluster_id
      • cpu_count
      • cpu_quota_concurrency
      • cpu_reserved
      • config_additional_dir
      • data_copy_concurrency
      • data_dir
      • datafile_disk_percentage
      • dtl_buffer_size
      • datafile_size
      • default_compress_func
      • default_compress
      • default_progressive_merge_num
      • default_row_format
      • devname
      • data_disk_usage_limit_percentage
      • disk_io_thread_count
      • dead_socket_detection_timeout
      • enable_clog_persistence_compress
      • election_cpu_quota
      • enable_one_phase_commit
      • enable_sys_unit_standalone
      • enable_pg
      • enable_smooth_leader_switch
      • election_blacklist_interval
      • enable_election_group
      • enable_auto_leader_switch
      • enable_global_freeze_trigger
      • enable_manual_merge
      • enable_merge_by_turn
      • enable_perf_event
      • enable_rebalance
      • enable_record_trace_log
      • enable_record_trace_id
      • enable_early_lock_release
      • enable_rereplication
      • enable_rich_error_msg
      • enable_rootservice_standalone
      • enable_sql_audit
      • enable_sql_operator_dump
      • enable_async_syslog
      • enable_syslog_recycle
      • enable_syslog_wf
      • enable_upgrade_mode
      • enable_separate_sys_clog
      • enable_ddl
      • enable_major_freeze
      • enable_rebuild_on_purpose
      • enable_log_archive
      • enable_monotonic_weak_read
      • external_kms_info
      • freeze_trigger_percentage
      • flush_log_at_trx_commit
      • fuse_row_cache_priority
      • force_refresh_location_cache_interval
      • force_refresh_location_cache_threshold
      • get_leader_candidate_rpc_timeout
      • global_major_freeze_residual_memory
      • global_write_halt_residual_memory
      • ignore_replay_checksum_error
      • global_index_build_single_replica_timeout
      • high_priority_net_thread_count
      • ignore_replica_checksum_error
      • ignore_replay_checksum_error
      • index_cache_priority
      • index_clog_cache_priority
      • index_info_block_cache_priority
      • internal_sql_execute_timeout
      • large_query_worker_percentage
      • large_query_threshold
      • leak_mod_to_check
      • lease_time
      • location_cache_cpu_quota
      • location_cache_expire_time
      • location_cache_priority
      • location_cache_refresh_min_interval
      • location_fetch_concurrency
      • location_refresh_thread_count
      • log_archive_checkpoint_interval
      • log_archive_concurrency
      • log_restore_concurrency
      • major_freeze_duty_time
      • max_kept_major_version_number
      • max_string_print_length
      • max_syslog_file_count
      • merge_stat_sampling_ratio
      • major_compact_trigger
      • memory_chunk_cache_size
      • memory_limit
      • memory_limit_percentage
      • memory_reserved
      • merge_thread_count
      • merger_check_interval
      • merger_completion_percentage
      • merger_switch_leader_duration_time
      • merger_warm_up_duration_time
      • max_px_worker_count
      • migration_disable_time
      • min_observer_version
      • minor_deferred_gc_time
      • minor_freeze_times
      • minor_warm_up_duration_time
      • mysql_port
      • minor_merge_concurrency
      • multiblock_read_gap_size
      • multiblock_read_size
      • micro_block_merge_verify_level
      • migrate_concurrency
      • minor_compact_trigger
      • memstore_limit_percentage
      • net_thread_count
      • obconfig_url
      • ob_enable_batched_multi_statement
      • partition_table_check_interval
      • partition_table_scan_batch_count
      • plan_cache_evict_interval
      • px_task_size
      • px_workers_per_cpu_quota
      • replica_safe_remove_time
      • resource_hard_limit
      • resource_soft_limit
      • rootservice_async_task_queue_size
      • rootservice_async_task_thread_count
      • rootservice_list
      • rootservice_ready_check_interval
      • row_compaction_update_limit
      • row_purge_thread_count
      • rpc_port
      • rpc_timeout
      • restore_concurrency
      • rootservice_memory_limit
      • rebuild_replica_data_lag_threshold
      • schema_history_expire_time
      • ssl_client_authentication
      • server_check_interval
      • server_data_copy_in_concurrency
      • server_data_copy_out_concurrency
      • server_permanent_offline_time
      • server_temporary_offline_time
      • stack_size
      • server_balance_critical_disk_waterlevel
      • server_balance_disk_tolerance_percent
      • system_memory
      • server_balance_cpu_mem_tolerance_percent
      • server_cpu_quota_max
      • server_cpu_quota_min
      • sql_audit_memory_limit
      • sys_bkgd_io_high_percentage
      • sys_bkgd_io_low_percentage
      • sys_bkgd_io_timeout
      • sys_bkgd_net_percentage
      • sys_bkgd_migration_change_member_list_timeout
      • sys_bkgd_migration_retry_num
      • syslog_level
      • switchover_process_thread_count
      • system_cpu_quota
      • sys_cpu_limit_trigger
      • system_trace_level
      • syslog_io_bandwidth_limit
      • tablet_size
      • tableapi_transport_compress_func
      • tenant_task_queue_size
      • tenant_groups
      • trace_log_slow_query_watermark
      • trace_log_sampling_interval
      • trx_2pc_retry_interval
      • trx_try_wait_lock_timeout
      • trx_force_kill_threshold
      • tde_method
      • token_reserved_percentage
      • unit_balance_resource_weight
      • user_block_cache_priority
      • user_row_cache_priority
      • user_tab_col_stat_cache_priority
      • user_iort_up_percentage
      • use_large_pages
      • virtual_table_location_cache_expire_time
      • workers_per_cpu_quota
      • wait_leader_batch_count
      • writing_throttling_maximum_duration
      • writing_throttling_trigger_percentage
      • weak_read_version_refresh_interval
      • workarea_size_policy
      • zone
      • zone_merge_concurrency
      • zone_merge_order
      • zone_merge_timeout
      • ob_ssl_invited_common_names
      • ssl_external_kms_info
      • ob_event_history_recycle_interval
      • backup_backup_dest
      • plsql_ccflags
      • plsql_code_type
      • plsql_debug
      • plsql_optimize_level
      • plsql_v2_compatibility
      • plsql_warnings
      • recyclebin_object_expire_time
      • log_archive_batch_buffer_limit
      • clog_disk_utilization_threshold
      • backup_backup_archive_log_batch_count
      • backup_backup_archivelog_retry_interval
      • backup_backupset_batch_count
      • backup_backupset_retry_interval
      • open_cursors
      • location_cache_refresh_rpc_timeout
      • location_cache_refresh_sql_timeout
      • backup_dest_option
      • backup_backup_dest_option
      • backup_zone
      • backup_log_archive_option
      • enable_tcp_keepalive
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OceanBase Database V2.2.77

Last Updated:2023-08-18 09:26:34  Updated
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What is on this page
V2.2.77
Version information
Purpose
Enhanced features
Fixed issues
V2.2.77 BP1
Version information
Enhanced features
Fixed issues
Upgrade and limits
V2.2.77 BP2
Version information
Enhanced features
Fixed issues
Upgrade and limits
V2.2.77 BP3
Version information
Enhanced features
Fixed issues
Upgrade and limits
V2.2.77 BP4
Version information
Enhanced features
Fixed issues
Upgrade and limits
V2.2.77 BP5
Version information
Enhanced features
Compatibility changes
Fixed issues
Upgrade and limits
V2.2.77 BP6
Version information
Fixed issues
Upgrade and limits
V2.2.77 BP7
Version information
Enhanced features
Fixed issues
Upgrade and limits
V2.2.77 BP8
Version information
Enhanced features
Fixed issues
Upgrade and limits
V2.2.77 BP9
Version information
Fixed issues
Upgrade and limits
V2.2.77 BP10
Version information
Enhanced features
Compatibility changes
Fixed issues
Upgrade and limits
V2.2.77 BP11
Version information
Enhanced features
Fixed issues
Upgrade and limits
V2.2.77 BP12
Version information
Fixed issues
Upgrade and limits
V2.2.77 BP13
Version information
Enhanced features
Upgrade and limits

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V2.2.77

Version information

  • Release date: May 8, 2021

  • Version: V2.2.77

Purpose

OceanBase Database V2.2.X is a generally available series that provides products of higher availability, compatibility, and security for customers to batch launch multiple projects.

Enhanced features

  • Primary and standby clusters are enhanced.

  • Physical backup and recovery are supported.

  • The encryption of an individual log-only replica at the zone level is supported.

  • Template-based and non-template-based subpartitioned tables are supported.

  • Drop and Truncate operations on partitioned tables are supported.

Fixed issues

  • An error is returned for the aligned read of the 4 KB clog offset.

  • An error is returned during the type derivation of an expression that contains NULL.

V2.2.77 BP1

Version information

  • Release date: May 27, 2021.

  • Version: V2.2.77 BP1

Enhanced features

  • You can specify the maximum memory usage of partitions in a transaction by setting the tenant-level parameter _tenant_max_trx_size.

Fixed issues

  • The OBServer crashes when the memory is insufficient and the memory request fails.

  • The plan cache has memory leaks.

  • The Nested Loop Join operator may cause the OBServer to crash in the TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX PRIMARY KEY operation.

  • When foreign keys exist, the Semi-Join rewrite generates incorrect results.

  • The OBServer crashes when an intermediate result set is released.

  • In Oracle mode, the WIDTH_BUCKET() function is incompatible with Oracle when min_value is less than expression.

  • In Oracle mode, the RPAD() function is incompatible with Oracle.

Upgrade and limits

  • The primary and standby clusters can be upgraded only in maximum performance mode. If a cluster is in maximum protection mode or maximum availability mode, you must switch the cluster to maximum performance mode before you can upgrade the cluster.

  • PL debugging is supported only for x86 platforms. We recommend that you do not use this feature on an ARM platform.

V2.2.77 BP2

Version information

  • Release date: June 4, 2021

  • Version: V2.2.77 BP2

Enhanced features

  • In MySQL mode, using escape characters such as single quotation marks (' ') in a LIKE statement is supported.

  • You can explicitly disable the enforced routing of a transaction after it is complete by setting the tenant-level parameter ob_proxy_readonly_transaction_routing_policy. This way, all SQL statements in the transaction are forwarded to the same OBServer node.

  • The memory size that can be utilized by sql_audit of an OceanBase Database tenant is increased.

  • The timeout wait for asynchronous I/O is optimized.

Fixed issues

  • The RootServer node of the standby cluster occasionally crashes.

  • The parameter that specifies the maximum memory available for sql_audit does not take effect.

  • When the GBK character set is used, two consecutive queries that use Chinese characters return incorrect filed name even if the data is correct.

Upgrade and limits

  • The primary and standby clusters can be upgraded only in maximum performance mode. If a cluster is in maximum protection mode or maximum availability mode, you must switch the cluster to maximum performance mode before you can upgrade the cluster.

  • PL debugging is supported only for x86 platforms. We recommend that you do not use this feature on an ARM platform.

V2.2.77 BP3

Version information

  • Release date: June 18, 2021

  • Version: V2.2.77 BP3

Enhanced features

  • The LOG(), LN(), PI(), RADIANS(), ATAN(), ASIN(), ACOS(), and COT() functions are supported in MySQL mode.

  • The MONTHNAME() function is supported in MySQL mode.

  • The LAST_DAY() function is supported in MySQL mode.

  • The QUARTER() function is supported in MySQL mode.

  • The BIT_LENGTH() function is supported in MySQL mode.

Fixed issues

  • The OBServer crashes during the packet return process of a query because of network exceptions.``

  • The parallel execution framework has memory leaks.

  • The OBServer crashes during the process of obtaining the partition location because of concurrent memory requests.

  • The OBServer crashes during the eviction of plan cache because of the access to a null pointer.````

  • The OBServer crashes because of stack overflow, which is caused by a large number of static SQL statements in the anonymous block when prepared statement is disabled.

  • The execution of the SELF ANTI JOIN statement results in an incorrect estimation of the number of rows because of SQL rewriting.

  • The OB_ARCHIVE_TEMP_MEMORY module has memory leaks during log archiving.

  • The PL/SQL statement cannot hit the plan cache.

  • The OBServer retains the session after the client is disconnected.

Upgrade and limits

  • The primary and standby clusters can be upgraded only in maximum performance mode. If a cluster is in maximum protection mode or maximum availability mode, you must switch the cluster to maximum performance mode before you can upgrade the cluster.

  • PL debugging is supported only for x86 platforms. We recommend that you do not use this feature on an ARM platform.

V2.2.77 BP4

Version information

  • Release date: July 13, 2021

  • Version: V2.2.77 BP4

Enhanced features

  • The MAKETIME() function is supported in MySQL mode.

  • The UTC_DATE(), UTC_TIME(), and GET_FORMAT() functions are supported in MySQL mode.

Fixed issues

  • XA transactions in the Active status cannot be rolled back.``

  • In Oracle mode, if the index column contains the CHAR data type and values that are less than or equal to 0, the index column cannot be queried.

  • The execution of the ANTI-, SEMI-, and OUTER-JOIN statements with an OR join condition generates incorrect data.

  • The OBServer crashes because of an OSS SDK bug during the physical backup to the Alibaba Cloud OSS bucket.

  • The OBServer occasionally crashes because of queries on the gv$sysstat view.

Upgrade and limits

  • The primary and standby clusters can be upgraded only in maximum performance mode. If a cluster is in maximum protection mode or maximum availability mode, you must switch the cluster to maximum performance mode before you can upgrade the cluster.

  • PL debugging is supported only for x86 platforms. We recommend that you do not use this feature on an ARM platform.

V2.2.77 BP5

Version information

  • Release date: July 31, 2021

  • Version: V2.2.77 BP5

Enhanced features

  • You can set the SQL_MODE parameter to NO_ZERO_IN_DATE in MySQL mode.

Compatibility changes

  • The following default actions of the SQL_MODE parameter are changed in MySQL mode:

Fixed issues

  • The OBServer crashes when an excessive amount of columns are operated by the TRIGGER operation.

  • The query on the generated column in conjunction with the ORDER BY LIMIT action generates an incorrect plan.

  • Incorrect results are generated because no deep copy is performed during a BATCH NESTED LOOP JOIN operation.

  • The OBServer crashes because no deep copy that allocates the memory is performed when the PL/SQL engine executes dynamic SQL statements.

  • The OBServer crashes because like Number is used as a filter condition.

  • The OBServer crashes when the redo log module prints logs.

  • An error is returned when the SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS statement is executed after the execution of the DROP USER statement.

  • The plan_type field of the sql_audit parameter displays incorrect plan type.

Upgrade and limits

  • The primary and standby clusters can be upgraded only in maximum performance mode. If a cluster is in maximum protection mode or maximum availability mode, you must switch the cluster to maximum performance mode before you can upgrade the cluster.

  • PL debugging is supported only for x86 platforms. We recommend that you do not use this feature on an ARM platform.

V2.2.77 BP6

Version information

  • Release date: August 25, 2021

  • Version: V2.2.77 BP6

Fixed issues

  • The backup set is marked as Deleted after the secondary backup fails.``

  • In a scenario where a tenant recovery operation is performed, if an existing tenant has the same name as the tenant to be recovered, the existing tenant is dropped.``.

  • In a parallel execution (PX), if a long timeout is set for a tenant by default, the operation of session termination takes a long time to respond.``

  • The observer process may fail to start with a small probability after clog compression is enabled.

  • Deadlocks are possible when SECURITY AUDIT is enabled in high concurrency scenarios.

  • The OBServer crashes in Oracle mode because of the execution of the SELECT FETCH UNION SELECT FETCH syntax.

  • The OBServer crashes when the memory request fails during the execution of a distributed plan.

Upgrade and limits

  • The primary and standby clusters can be upgraded only in maximum performance mode. If a cluster is in maximum protection mode or maximum availability mode, you must switch the cluster to maximum performance mode before you can upgrade the cluster.

  • PL debugging is supported only for x86 platforms. We recommend that you do not use this feature on an ARM platform.

V2.2.77 BP7

Version information

  • Release date: September 18, 2021

  • Version: V2.2.77 BP7

Enhanced features

  • The eviction mechanism of SQL execution plans for partitioned tables is optimized.``

  • Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) communication encryption is supported by ob_admin.

  • The LOAD DATA REPLACE syntax is supported in Oracle mode.

  • The user logon and logoff statistics are collected.

  • The ORDER BY expression is supported in MySQL mode.

  • Automatic load balancing for partitions in a STOP SERVER/ZONE operation is optimized.

  • The routing of temporary tables is optimized.

Fixed issues

  • The creation of a tenant fails if the _enanble_easy_keepalive parameter is set to true.

  • The substr(c1,x,1)='a' query cannot hit the plan cache.

  • The logical recovery fails because the rowkey does not meet the length requirements.

  • The accumulation of clogs causes the OBServer to restart, which results in excessive memory consumption by the SYS tenant.

Upgrade and limits

  • The primary and standby clusters can be upgraded only in maximum performance mode. If a cluster is in maximum protection mode or maximum availability mode, you must switch the cluster to maximum performance mode before you can upgrade the cluster.

  • PL debugging is supported only for x86 platforms. We recommend that you do not use this feature on an ARM platform.

V2.2.77 BP8

Version information

  • Release date: October 15, 2021

  • Version: V2.2.77 BP8

Enhanced features

  • The internal __ALL_VIRTUAL_PROCESSLIST table is provided to display the transaction timeout status.

Fixed issues

  • Under the SQL parallel framework, the SELECT FOR UPDATE statement causes the optimizer to report the OB_STATE_NOT_MATCH error.

  • The gv$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR view cannot properly display non-distributed plans.

  • An internal error is returned when the NVL() function is used in the CASE WHEN statement.``

  • In Oracle mode, the value of the PARTITION KEY COUNT field in the ALL_PART_TABLES table is not displayed.

  • The tenant recovery operation fails when the tenant is deleted.

  • In MySQL mode, the execution of the SET PASSWORD statement in stored procedures does not take effect.

  • The creation of views in PL fails in MySQL mode.

  • The redo_transport_option parameter of the standby cluster does not take effect.

  • The OBServer crashes during the conversion from the INT and STRING data types to the DATATIME, DATE, and TIME data types.

  • The OBServer crashes during the process of setting the PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS variable.

  • In Oracle mode, the use of TRIGGER causes the SQL EXECUTOR module to have memory leaks.

  • The 4019 error is returned when you create a tenant after a large number of tenants are deleted.

  • The OBServer crashes during the process of setting the clog_disk_usage_limit_percentage and clog_disk_utilization_threshold parameters.

Upgrade and limits

  • The primary and standby clusters can be upgraded only in maximum performance mode. If a cluster is in maximum protection mode or maximum availability mode, you must switch the cluster to maximum performance mode before you can upgrade the cluster.

  • PL debugging is supported only for x86 platforms. We recommend that you do not use this feature on an ARM platform.

V2.2.77 BP9

Version information

  • Release date: November 19, 2021

  • Version: V2.2.77 BP9

Fixed issues

  • The 4038 error is returned at the close phase of a parallel execution.

  • When PL debugging is performed in the OceanBase Developer Center (ODC) console, resources for debugging cannot be quickly released if ODC directly exits.

  • The client session is disconnected when the memory request fails at the SQL PARSE phase.

  • When a temporary table is created and added with constraints, the cluster is hung if a constraint of the temporary table has the same name as that of a non-temporary table.

  • The MERGE INTO (SELECT *) statement is incompatible with Oracle.

  • In Oracle mode, the ALL_TAB_PARTITIONS view displays partitions in an unordered way.

  • The 4016 error is returned during the execution of the REPLACE INTO statement.

  • The gv$sql_audit view displays inaccurate QUEUE_TIME and RETRY_CNT statistics.

  • The incorrect FILE HANDLE is obtained when the NFSv4 protocol is used for backup.

  • The gv$sql_audit view displays the password for user creation in plaintext.

  • If the base table of the gv$sql_audit view does not exist, the value of elapsed_time in the recorded query information is 0.

  • In Oracle mode, the pivot and unpivot clauses are incompatible with Oracle.

  • The restart of the observer process keeps failing because it cannot be replayed after the restart, which is caused by the reuse of old slogs due to insufficient storage space.

  • When the SHOW TABLE STATUS statement is executed to query a partitioned table, the result is NULL.

  • In Oracle mode, the error unknown timezone is returned for the obclient connection after you specify the global time_zone system variable.

  • In MySQL mode, the user privileges on a table remain valid after the table is deleted.

  • Some IP addresses in the gv$sql_audit view are parsed into 0.0.0.0.

  • In Oracle mode, an error is returned when the SELECT * FROM (GENERATED TABLE) statement is executed due to duplicate column names.

  • The BIT data type is incompatible with MySQL.

  • The OBServer crashes when it reads the configuration file during startup.

  • The OBServer crashes during the data backup to OSS.

  • The OBServer crashes during the conversion of the SET/ENUM/LOB data types.

Upgrade and limits

  • The primary and standby clusters can be upgraded only in maximum performance mode. If a cluster is in maximum protection mode or maximum availability mode, you must switch the cluster to maximum performance mode before you can upgrade the cluster.

  • PL debugging is supported only for x86 platforms. We recommend that you do not use this feature on an ARM platform.

V2.2.77 BP10

Version information

  • Release date: January 17, 2022

  • Version: V2.2.77 BP10

Enhanced features

  • The tag cleanup mode is supported in OSS.

  • The USERENV('SID') and USERENV('LANGUAGE') functions are supported in Oracle mode.

  • When the backup space reaches 100%, you can delete obsolete backup files.

  • The stability and performance of the queuing table are improved.

  • The streaming compression algorithm, which is not supported for clog compression, is removed.

  • The 4 KB aligned writes of disk DIRECT_IO are supported.

Compatibility changes

  • By default, the auto_refresh_location_cache parameter is set to true to enable the balance strategy for partition replicas.

  • By default, the schema_history_recycle_interval parameter is set to true to enable the periodic cleanup of expiry records in the system table by background threads.

Fixed issues

  • The column type in the view of null columns is NULL, but that in the Oracle database is char(0).

  • In the gv$sql_audit view, the maximum length of the QUERY_SQL column is not 64 KB.

  • In Oracle mode, a false positive error is returned indicating that the total row length of all columns exceeds the value of the OB_MAX_USER_ROW_LENGTH parameter.

  • The index creation fails when the GBK character set is used.

  • The statistics of a tenant recovered by using the backup and recovery feature are not promptly updated.

  • The error not support is returned when you set the secure_file_priv parameter after the connection is created by using the IP address 127.0.0.1.

  • An error is returned for incorrect calculation of string length when the CREATE TABLE statement involves the setting of variable values.

  • The error Column length too big for column is returned during the length check of the LOB columns.

  • An error is returned during the execution of the ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN statement due to the delayed deletion of physical backups.

  • When the sql_auto_is_null parameter is set to ON, the error Invalid Argument is returned during a query where the auto-increment columns need to be identified.

  • In Oracle mode, no privilege is provided to control the TRUNCATE DLL operation.

  • The creation of a global index fails if the process of an OBServer node exits.

  • The __all_virtual_memory_info table displays incomplete tenant information.

  • The try_cnt column of the gv$sql_audit view shows inaccurate statistics.

  • In Oracle mode, the TO_CHAR() function cannot recognize the date format.

  • An error occurs when checking is conducted for the index created on a column of the CHAR type in Oracle mode.

  • All rows are NULL after the LEFT JOIN UPDATE on multiple tables.

  • In PL mode, the OBServer crashes due to the existence of the PRINT LOB data type.

  • The OBServer crashes because the LIKE clause in the SQL statement exceeds 250 KB in length.

Upgrade and limits

  • The primary and standby clusters can be upgraded only in maximum performance mode. If a cluster is in maximum protection mode or maximum availability mode, you must switch the cluster to maximum performance mode before you can upgrade the cluster.

  • PL debugging is supported only for x86 platforms. We recommend that you do not use this feature on an ARM platform.

V2.2.77 BP11

Version information

  • Release date: May 2, 2022

  • Version: V2.2.77 BP11

Enhanced features

  • The integration of the transparent data encryption (TDE) feature with the Alibaba Cloud Key Management Service (KMS) system is supported.

  • The performance of non-blocking TableAPI queries is improved.

  • The maximum value of the in(values) query is optimized to make it compatible with MySQL.

  • Filtering by tenant is supported by liboblog to synchronize only logs of the specified tenants.

  • Returning the synchronization timestamps of logs is supported by liboblog.

Fixed issues

  • In MySQL mode, an error is returned during the parsing of the GROUP BY expression because of unclear semantics. In this version, the expression from the selection list is used to avoid errors.

  • In MySQL mode, an error is returned for invalid characters generated during the conversion of the GBK character set by calling the CONVERT() function. In this version, the invalid characters are converted to 0x3F, which is compatible with MySQL.

Upgrade and limits

  • The primary and standby clusters can be upgraded only in maximum performance mode. If a cluster is in maximum protection mode or maximum availability mode, you must switch the cluster to maximum performance mode before you can upgrade the cluster.

  • PL debugging is supported only for x86 platforms. We recommend that you do not use this feature on an ARM platform.

V2.2.77 BP12

Version information

  • Release date: June 14, 2022

  • Version: V2.2.77 BP12

Fixed issues

  • In Oracle mode, when you create a stored procedure with the specified character set GBK, the OBServer becomes suspended unexpectedly during the SQL prepare phase.
  • In MySQL mode, an error is returned because the Limit operator does not support character type conversion.
  • When the system performs a follower-to-leader switchover during a major compaction, the SQL statement is rolled back because the cached route is inaccurate. This causes a long execution time.
  • The error code 4007 is returned when the DBMS_LOB.SUBSTR system package is executed in Oracle mode.
  • The queue_time field is displayed as a negative value in the v$sql_audit view.
  • In the SYS tenant, the resource specifications are not restored to the default settings after a unit is removed.
  • When the input parameter is converted during the execution of a stored procedure, the following error is returned: value too large for column.
  • In multi-table join queries, the CPU utilization is high when the join key has an index and a ROWNUM or LIMIT operator.
  • When a null condition is used to query the INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS view, incorrect results are returned.
  • The OBServer crashes due to an exception occurring in table access by global index primary key. This is caused because the background thread does not initialize the tenant context.
  • The OBServer crashes because the cluster is stopped while Tencent Cloud Object Storage (COS) or Alibaba Cloud Object Storage Service (OSS) writes data.
  • A syntax error is returned when the DBMS_LOB system package is executed to insert data.
  • The logs of the RootService node repeatedly report errors because an exception occurs when an index is created.

Upgrade and limits

  • The primary and standby clusters can be upgraded only in maximum performance mode. If a cluster is in maximum protection mode or maximum availability mode, you must switch the cluster to maximum performance mode before you can upgrade the cluster.
  • PL debugging is supported only for x86 platforms. We recommend that you do not use this feature on an ARM platform.

V2.2.77 BP13

Version information

  • Release date: August 26, 2022

  • Version: V2.2.77 BP13

Enhanced features

  • Adding partitions is supported in specific scenarios. You can add partitions at the beginning or in the middle of RANGE-partitioned tables. When you add a partition, make sure that no data is written to this partition. You can enable this feature by using the tenant-level parameter _enable_add_between_range_partitions.
  • Cluster-level parameters of a specific OBServer can be modified by using ob_admin. However, tenant-level parameters cannot be modified for a specific OBServer.
  • Backup files on Tencent Cloud COS can be tagged to facilitate file management. Fixed issues
  • The restart of a cluster times out due to an excessive number of schema history records.
  • In MySQL mode, an error is returned for invalid characters generated during the conversion of the GBK character set by calling the CONVERT() function. In this version, the invalid characters are converted to 0x3F, which is compatible with MySQL.
  • In the primary-standby deployment mode, records in the virtual table __all_server_event_history expand in a quick manner due to frequent execution of the ALTER SYSTEM CHANGE TENANT operation on the primary database.
  • During the execution of a distributed plan, when one OBServer fails, the execution of SQL statements on other OBServers hangs until timeout.
  • When an equivalent condition is used to detect the case sensitivity of the collation, the returned result set is wrong because an execution plan is incorrectly hit.
  • When a backup task is forcibly canceled, the backup status stays in Stopping.
  • When the INSERT...ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE statement is executed, an error indicating duplicated primary keys is returned.
  • An error is returned during the execution of a Nested Aggregate operator that contains Distinct.
  • Invalid log information about RPC communication between OBServers is deleted.
  • When the __min_full_resource_pool_memory parameter is set to an abnormal value, the OBServer can still be started.
  • When the LAST_INSERT_ID() function is executed within a stored procedure, the invalid execution result is generated.
  • The error code 4016 is returned when a partition is truncated.
  • An error occurs for the data of the net_wait_time field in the gv$sql_audit view.
  • When the weak_read_version_refresh_interval parameter is set to 0, the data in partitions is not synchronized.
  • The query timeout hint added to the cursor of a stored procedure does not take effect.
  • In Oracle mode, when a prepared statement is enabled, the return value of the NUMTODSINTERVAL() function is truncated to a specific precision.
  • After a partition is dropped or truncated, the locality change is suspended due to duplicate global indexes.

Upgrade and limits

  • The primary and standby clusters can be upgraded only in maximum performance mode. If a cluster is in maximum protection mode or maximum availability mode, you must switch the cluster to maximum performance mode before you can upgrade the cluster.
  • PL debugging is supported only for x86 platforms. We recommend that you do not use this feature on an ARM platform.

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