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Start on Cloud

A unified distributed database ready for your transactional, analytical, and AI workloads.

DEPLOY YOUR WAY

OceanBase Cloud

The best way to deploy and scale OceanBase

OceanBase Enterprise

Run and manage OceanBase on your infra

TRY OPEN SOURCE

OceanBase Community Edition

The free, open-source distributed database

OceanBase seekdb

Open source AI native search database

Customer Stories

Real-world success stories from enterprises across diverse industries.

View All
BY USE CASES

Mission-Critical Transactions

Global & Multicloud Application

Elastic Scaling for Peak Traffic

Real-time Analytics

Active Geo-redundancy

Database Consolidation

Comprehensive knowledge hub for OceanBase.

Blog

Live Demos

Training & Certification

Documentation

Official technical guides, tutorials, API references, and manuals for all OceanBase products.

View All
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OceanBase Database

SQL - V4.3.0

  • What's New
  • What is OceanBase Database
    • Overview
    • Differences between the Enterprise Edition and the Community Edition
    • System architecture
    • Compatibility with Oracle
      • Compatibility with Oracle
      • SQL data types
      • Built-in functions
      • System views
    • Compatibility with MySQL
    • Limitations
  • Get Started
    • Try out OceanBase Database Community Edition
    • Learn OceanBase SQL
      • Before you begin
      • Basic SQL operations (MySQL mode)
      • Basic SQL operations (Oracle mode)
    • Build a sample application (Oracle mode)
      • Build a Java application
      • Build a C application
    • Build a sample application (MySQL mode)
      • Build a Python application
      • Build a Java application
      • Build a C application
      • Build a Go application
    • Try out advanced features of OceanBase Database
      • Scalable OLTP
        • Run the TPC-C benchmark in OceanBase Database
        • Try out the hot row update capability of OceanBase Database
      • Try out operational OLAP
      • Try out parallel import and data compression
      • Try out the multi-tenant feature
    • Video tutorials
  • Develop
    • Develop applications (MySQL mode)
      • Connect to OceanBase Database
        • Overview
        • Connect to an OceanBase tenant by using the mysql client
        • Connect to an OceanBase tenant by using OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using DBeaver
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Navicat
        • Use database connection pool
          • Database connection pool configuration
          • Connect to OceanBase Database by using a Tomcat connection pool
          • c3p0
          • Proxool
          • HikariCP
          • DBCP
          • Commons Pool
          • Druid
      • Sample applications
        • Java
          • Spring Boot
          • Spring Batch
          • Spring Data JDBC
          • Spring Data JPA
          • Hibernate
          • MyBatis
          • Connector/J
          • TestContainers
        • Python
          • mysqlclient
          • PyMySQL
          • MySQL-connector-python
        • C
          • MySQL Connector/C
        • Go
          • Go-SQL-Driver/MySQL
          • GORM
        • PHP
          • EXT
          • MySQLi
          • PDO
      • Plan database objects
        • Create a database
        • Create a table group
        • Create a table
        • Create an index
        • Create an external table
      • Write data
        • Insert data
        • Update data
        • Delete data
        • Replace data
        • Generate test data in batches
      • Read data
        • Single-table queries
        • Join tables
          • INNER JOIN queries
          • FULL JOIN queries
          • LEFT JOIN queries
          • RIGHT JOIN queries
          • Subqueries
          • Lateral derived table
        • Use operators and functions in queries
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use numerical functions in queries
          • Use string concatenation operators in queries
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use datetime functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use the CASE conditional operator in queries
          • Use the SELECT ... FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
          • Use the SELECT ... LOCK IN SHARE MODE statement to lock query results
        • Use a DBLink in queries
        • Set operations
      • Transactions
        • Overview
        • Start a transaction
        • Savepoints
          • Mark a savepoint
          • Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
          • Release a savepoint
        • Commit a transaction
        • Roll back a transaction
      • Application errors
        • Troubleshooting guidelines
          • About error codes
          • Error handling specifications for MySQL-compatible applications
        • Common errors and troubleshooting practices
          • Disconnected from the server, with ERROR 2013 reported
          • Idle transaction timed out, with ERROR 6002 reported
          • Transaction timed out, with ERROR 4012 reported
          • User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
          • Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
          • Table already exists, with ERROR 1050 reported
          • Table does not exist, with ERROR 1146 reported
          • Duplicate data inserted, with ERROR 1062 reported
          • ERROR 1215 reported in foreign key addition
          • Data truncated while being inserted, with ERROR 1265 reported
    • Develop applications (Oracle mode)
      • Connect to OceanBase Database
        • Overview
        • Connect to an OceanBase tenant by using OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
        • Use database connection pool
          • Database connection pool configuration
          • Tomcat
          • c3p0
          • Proxool
          • HikariCP
          • DBCP
          • Commons Pool
          • Druid
      • Sample applications
        • Java
          • OceanBase Connector/J
          • Spring Boot
          • Spring Batch
          • Spring Data JDBC
          • Spring Data JPA
          • Hibernate
          • MyBatis
          • JFinal
        • C/C++
          • OceanBase Connector/C
          • OceanBase Connector/ODBC
          • SqlSugar
      • Plan database objects
        • Create a table group
        • Create a table
        • Create an index
        • Create an external table
      • Write data
        • Insert data
        • Update data
        • Delete data
        • Replace data
        • Generate test data in batches
      • Read data
        • Single-table queries
        • Join tables
          • INNER JOIN queries
          • FULL JOIN queries
          • LEFT JOIN queries
          • RIGHT JOIN queries
          • Subqueries
        • Use operators and functions in queries
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use numerical functions in queries
          • Use string concatenation operators in queries
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use datetime functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use CASE functions in queries
          • Use the SELECT...FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
        • Use a DBLink in queries
        • Set operations
      • Transactions
        • Overview
        • Start a transaction
        • Savepoints
          • Mark a savepoint
          • Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
        • Commit a transaction
        • Roll back a transaction
      • Application errors
        • Troubleshooting guidelines
          • About error codes
          • Error handling specifications for Oracle-compatible applications
        • Common errors and troubleshooting practices
          • Idle transaction timed out, with Error ORA-24761 reported
          • Transaction timed out, with Error ORA-00600 reported
          • User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
          • Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
          • Table already exists, with Error ORA-00955 reported
          • Table does not exist, with Error ORA-04043 reported
          • Duplicate data inserted, with Error ORA-00001 reported
          • Error ORA-00600 reported in foreign key addition
          • Inconsistent data types, with Error ORA-00932 reported
  • Deploy
    • Overview
    • High availability deployment solutions for OceanBase clusters
    • Deploy OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition
      • Deployment process
      • Before deployment
        • Prepare servers
        • Server configuration
        • Prepare the installation packages
        • Deploy OAT
      • Deploy through GUI
        • Configure deployment environment using OAT
          • Add a server
        • Deploy OCP
          • Overview
          • Upload installation packages
          • Create MetaDB
          • Deploy OCP
        • Deploy OceanBase clusters using OCP
          • Deploy a two-replica OceanBase cluster with the arbitration service by using OCP
          • Deploy a single-replica OceanBase cluster by using OCP
          • Deploy a three-replica OceanBase cluster by using OCP
        • (Optional) Deploy ODP
      • Deploy through CLI
        • Configure deployment environment
          • Initialize an OBServer node using oatcli
          • (Optional) Configure the clock source
        • Deploy OceanBase clusters using CLI
          • Deploy an OceanBase cluster with two replicas and arbitration service using the CLI
          • Deploy a single-replica OceanBase cluster using the CLI
          • Deploy a three-replica OceanBase cluster using the CLI
        • (Optional) Deploy ODP
    • Deploy OceanBase Database Community Edition
      • Overview
      • Deploy locally
        • Software and hardware requirements
        • Before deployment
          • (Optional) Check resources
          • (Optional) Set password-free SSH logon
          • (Optional) Configure the clock source
          • (Optional) Perform disk planning
          • (Optional) Configure limits.conf
          • (Optional) Configure sysctl.conf
          • (Optional) Disable the firewall and SELinux
          • (Optional) Create a user
        • Deploy through GUI
          • Deploy an OceanBase cluster through the GUI of OBD
          • Deploy an OceanBase cluster through the GUI of OCP
        • Deploy OceanBase Database in a production environment by using the command line
        • Deploy OceanBase Database by using systemd
      • Deploy OceanBase Database in a Kubernetes cluster
    • Delete old clusters
  • Migrate
    • Overview
    • Migrate from MySQL databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use mydumper and myloader to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database using CloudCanal
      • Use Canal to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use Flink CDC to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use ChunJun to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to MySQL databases
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use OMS to migrate incremental data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Synchronize data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using Canal
      • Migrate data from a MySQL OceanBase database to a MySQL database using CloudCanal
      • Use Flink CDC to migrate data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Migrate data from a MySQL database in OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using ChunJun
    • Migrate from Oracle databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle database to an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to Oracle databases
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
    • Migrate from DB2 databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a DB2 LUW database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a DB2 LUW database to an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate table schemas from a DB2 LUW database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to DB2 databases
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database to a DB2 LUW database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to a DB2 LUW database
    • Migrate from TiDB databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a TiDB database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from PostgreSQL databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a PostgreSQL database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from CSV files to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate CSV files to OceanBase Database
      • Import data by using the LOAD DATA statement
    • Import data from SQL files to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate data between OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an OceanBase tenant to another of the same type
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an OceanBase tenant to another of the same type in active-active disaster recovery scenarios
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between MySQL tenants in OceanBase Database
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from a MySQL tenant to an Oracle tenant in OceanBase Database
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between Oracle tenants in OceanBase Database
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from an Oracle tenant to a MySQL tenant in OceanBase Database
    • Migrate data using SQL statements
      • Migrate data between tables
      • Migrate resource units
      • Export data by using OUTFILE statements
    • Bypass import
      • Overview
      • Import data in bypass mode by using the LOAD DATA statement
      • Import data in bypass mode by using the INSERT INTO SELECT statement
  • Manage
    • Log on to an OceanBase tenant
    • Manage clusters
      • Overview
      • Cluster parameters
      • Common cluster operations
        • View a zone
        • View a node
        • Restart a node
        • Add a node
        • Delete a node
        • Isolate a node
        • Replace a node
        • Add a zone
        • Start a zone
        • Delete a zone
        • Modify a zone
        • Isolate a zone
        • View cluster parameters
        • Modify cluster parameters
        • Reset a cluster parameter
      • Troubleshoot common problems
        • Failures of a minority of nodes
        • Failures of the majority of nodes
    • Manage tenants
      • Tenant introduction
      • Tenant capacity
      • Tenant types
      • User tenant introduction
      • Tenant system variables
      • Common tenant operations
        • Create a tenant
        • Resource isolation
          • Resource isolation overview
          • Manage resource isolation (Oracle mode)
            • Configure cgroups
            • Calibrate the disk performance
            • Configure user-level resource isolation
            • Configure SQL statement-level resource isolation
            • Update a resource management plan config
            • Delete a resource management plan config
            • Delete a resource management plan
            • Delete a resource group
            • Clear cgroup configurations
          • Manage resource isolation (MySQL mode)
            • Configure cgroups
            • Calibrate the disk performance
            • Configure user-level resource isolation
            • Configure SQL statement-level resource isolation
            • Update a resource management plan config
            • Delete a resource management plan config
            • Delete a resource management plan
            • Delete a resource group
            • Clear cgroup configurations
        • View tenant and resource information
        • View and set the tenant allowlist
        • View tenant system variables
        • Modify system variables of a tenant
        • Scale in/out
          • Introduction to scaling in/out
          • Modify the unit configs for a tenant
          • Modify the number of resource units for a tenant
          • Modify the number of primary zones for a tenant
        • Modify attributes of a resource pool
        • Modify attributes of a tenant
        • Lock and unlock a tenant
        • Clone a tenant
        • Cancel tenant cloning
        • Drop a tenant
        • Recover a tenant
        • Rename a tenant
        • Manage resource pools
          • View resource pool information
          • Allocate a resource pool to a tenant
          • Remove resource pools from a tenant
          • Merge and split resource pools
          • Drop a resource pool
        • Manage unit configs
          • Query unit configs
          • Modify unit configs
          • Drop unit configs
    • Manage replicas
      • Overview
      • Replica distribution
        • Locality
        • Common locality operations
          • View locality
          • Modify locality
          • Add replicas
          • Remove replicas
          • Adjust the distribution of replicas
          • View the locality change history
          • Migrate units
      • Traffic distribution
      • Data distribution
    • High availability
      • High availability overview
      • Multi-replica disaster recovery
        • Data link introduction
        • ODP high availability
        • Database-level high availability
        • Disaster recovery architecture and levels
      • Physical standby database disaster recovery
        • Overview
        • Limitations
        • Create a standby tenant
          • Preparations
          • Create an empty standby tenant
          • Create a standby tenant by using the backup and recovery feature
          • Create a standby tenant by using the BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG feature
        • Log transmission service
          • Overview
          • Configure log transmission service
            • Configure the log restore source
            • Set the log recovery endpoint
          • View log restore source information
          • View the log synchronization progress
          • Pause or resume log synchronization
          • Optimize the log synchronization performance
          • Set the log synchronization bandwidth limit
          • Set log synchronization compression
        • Log storage service
        • Switch roles
          • Overview of tenant roles
          • Switchover
          • Failover
        • Drop primary and standby tenants
      • Arbitration high availability
        • Overview
        • Enable the arbitration service for a tenant
        • Disable the arbitration service for a tenant
        • Modify the log stream downgrade control time
        • Query log stream upgrade/downgrade information
        • Replace the arbitration service for a cluster
        • Remove the arbitration service for a cluster
        • Clear residual cluster information
      • Manage recycle bin
        • Overview
        • Enable or disable the recycle bin
        • View objects in the recycle bin
        • Restore objects from the recycle bin
        • Purge the recycle bin
      • Flashback queries
    • Security and permissions
      • Overview
      • Identification and authentication
        • MySQL mode
          • Identity authentication
          • Password complexity
          • Logon failure processing
        • Oracle mode
          • Identity authentication
          • Password complexity
          • Logon failure processing
      • Access control
        • Overview
        • Users and permissions
          • Overview
          • MySQL mode
            • Create a user
            • Privilege types in MySQL mode
            • Grant privileges
            • Privilege delegation
            • Query user privileges
            • Modify user privileges
            • Lock or unlock a user
            • Drop a user
          • Oracle mode
            • Privilege types in Oracle mode
            • Create a user
            • View the information of a user
            • Grant direct privileges
            • Privilege delegation
            • Manage roles
              • Overview
              • Create a role
              • Grant a role to another role
              • Grant a role to a user
              • Activate or deactivate roles for a user
              • View roles
              • Modify a role
              • Revoke a role
              • Drop a role
            • Grant indirect privileges
            • Query user privileges
            • Modify user privileges
            • Lock or unlock a user
            • Drop a user
        • Network security access control
        • Row-level access control
        • RPC connection authentication
      • Data transmission encryption
        • Overview
        • OBServer transmission encryption
        • ODP transmission encryption
      • Transparent data encryption
        • Overview
        • MySQL mode
          • Enable transparent data encryption for new tables
          • Enable transparent data encryption for existing tables
          • Decrypt a table
        • Oracle mode
          • Enable transparent data encryption for new tables
          • Enable transparent data encryption for existing tables
          • Decrypt a table
      • Security audit
        • Overview
        • Enable security audit
        • Set and view audit rules
        • View audit records
        • Audit user logon operations
        • Audit user operations
        • Audit specified database objects
    • Backup and restore
      • Introduction to physical backup and restore
      • Experience physical backup and restore with simplified deployment
      • Deploy NFS
      • Log archive
        • Overview
        • Prepare for log archiving
        • Enable ARCHIVELOG
        • Suspend archiving
        • Disable ARCHIVELOG
        • View information about pieces
        • View the archiving progress
        • View the archiving history
        • View archiving parameter settings
        • Change the log archive destination
        • Views related to log archiving
      • Data backup
        • Overview
        • Prepare for the backup
        • Initiate a full data backup job
        • Initiate an incremental data backup job
        • Stop a backup job
        • View the data backup progress
        • View the data backup history
        • View data backup parameter settings
        • Change the backup destination
        • Views for monitoring backup progress and results
      • Clear backup data
        • Automatic cleanup of expired backups
        • Stop backup cleanup
        • Query the backup cleanup progress
        • Query the backup cleanup history
        • Backup cleanup parameter
        • Views related to backup cleanup
      • Restore data
        • Preparations
        • Perform physical restore
        • Cancel physical restore
        • View the physical restore progress
        • View physical restore results
        • Replay logs to a standby tenant
        • Convert a standby tenant into primary tenant
        • Upgrade a tenant after restore
        • Physical restore parameters
        • Views related to physical restore
      • Restore by table
        • Preparations
        • Restore data by table
        • Cancel table restore
        • View the table restore progress
        • View the table restore result
        • Parameters related to table restore
        • Views related to table restore
      • Optimize backup and restore performance
    • Monitor
      • Overview
      • Metrics
        • System monitoring
          • Overview
          • Metrics
          • Wait events
          • Latch events
        • SQL monitoring
          • Overview
          • SQL audit
          • Execution plans
      • Cases
    • Logs
      • Overview
      • Log levels
      • Log stability
      • Log control
      • Log metrics
      • View logs
        • Search for the logs of a specific SQL request
        • Query the log of a previous SQL request by using the SQL Trace feature
    • Performance tuning
      • Overview
      • Identify bottlenecks on the data link
      • Identify bottlenecks within components
        • ODP performance bottlenecks
        • ODP performance analysis
        • OBServer performance bottlenecks
          • Overview
          • Non-optimal plan
            • Non-optimal plan
            • Buffer tables
            • Cardinality
          • Hard parsing
          • Capacity issues
          • Internal wait events
      • SQL tuning
        • SQL tuning system
        • Execution plan optimization
          • Statistical information and row estimation
            • Overview
            • Statistical information
              • Overview
              • Collect statistical information
                • Overview
                • Manually collect statistics
                • Automatic statistics collection
              • Query statistics
              • Manage statistical information
                • Overview
                • Delete and set statistics
                • Import and export statistics
                • Lock statistics
                • Query historical versions of statistics and roll back to a specified version
                • Configure statistics collection strategies
            • Row estimation
              • Overview
              • Row estimation based on the selectivity
              • Row estimation based on the storage layer
            • Use statistical information and row estimation
          • Plan management
            • Plan cache
            • Disadvantages of the plan cache and countermeasures
            • Views related to the plan cache
          • Index selection
            • Overview
            • Reduce row reads
            • Avoid table access by index primary key
            • Avoid sorting
          • Join order and join algorithm
            • Joins
            • Join algorithm
              • Nested loop joins
              • Hash joins
              • Merge joins
              • Common business issues
            • Join types
            • Join order
          • Order and limit optimization
            • Overview
            • SORT assignment and optimization
            • Optimization in ORDER BY + LIMIT scenarios
        • Business logic optimization
          • SQL specifications
          • Schema specifications
        • Locate and analyze slow queries I
        • Locate and analyze slow queries (II)
        • Typical scenarios and cases
    • Daily inspection
      • Overview
      • Check cluster parameters
      • Check the host status
      • Check tenant resource usage
      • Check cluster resource usage
      • Check the OBServer node status
      • Check the NTP offset
      • Deadlock detection
      • End-to-end tracing
        • Overview
        • Process
        • Methods
        • Show end-to-end tracing information
    • Troubleshooting
      • Overview
      • Bootstrap
      • Storage
        • Minor compaction and major compaction
        • Memory-related errors
        • Migration, replication, and rebuild tasks
      • Election
        • Election
        • Leader switchover exceptions
        • Absence of the leader
      • Transaction
        • Transaction-related errors
        • Transaction rollbacks
        • Long-running transactions
        • Suspended transactions
        • Idle transactions
      • Log synchronization-related errors
      • Physical standby database
        • Log synchronization stuck for the physical standby database
        • Switchover failures
      • Backup and restore
        • Data backup failures
        • Physical restore failures
      • Troubleshoot SQL execution errors
      • Application exception -- error message does not contain OceanBase error code
      • Application exception -- error message contains an OceanBase error code
    • Emergency response
      • Emergency response overview
      • Analysis, diagnosis, and decision-making procedure
      • Common emergency problem handling
        • Hardware issues
          • Node failure
          • Network failure
          • ODP failure
          • Other hardware and network issues
        • Capacity issues
          • Exceptions of SQL queries
          • Node disk I/O high
          • Node network card overload
          • Tenant memory full
          • obproxy thread exhaustion
          • Node clog disk full
          • Node data disk full
          • Tenant request queue backlog
        • Other cluster issues
          • sys tenant or RootService exceptions
          • Insufficiency or leakage of system memory
  • Reference
    • System principles
      • Overall architecture of OceanBase Database
      • Development of OceanBase Database
      • Multi-tenant architecture
        • Overview
        • Compatibility modes
        • Tenants
        • Tenants and resource management
          • Tenant resource management
          • Multi-tenant resource isolation
          • Resource unit balancing
      • Database objects
        • Oracle mode
          • Introduction
            • Overview
            • Database object types
            • Database object storage
            • Dependencies between database objects
          • Tables
            • Overview
            • Data type
              • Overview
              • Character data types
              • Numeric data types
              • Datetime data types
              • ROWID data types
              • LOB data types
              • Multi-model data types
              • Format model
                • Overview
                • Number format models
                • Datetime format models
            • Integrity constraints
            • Table storage
            • Table compression
            • Partitioned table
            • Tables with and without a primary key
            • Temporary tables
          • Indexes
            • Overview
            • Local and global indexes
            • Unique and non-unique indexes
            • Use indexes
            • Index storage
          • Partitions
            • Overview
            • Partitioning keys
            • Partitioning types
            • Partitioned indexes
          • Views
            • Views in a database
            • Standard views
              • Standard views
              • Overview
              • OceanBase-specific views
              • Oracle-compatible views
              • View operations and data access
            • Materialized views
              • Materialized views
              • Materialized view logs
              • Creation and update strategies for materialized views
          • Other objects
            • Sequences
            • Synonyms
          • System views
            • Dictionary views
            • Performance views
          • Data integrity
            • Overview
            • Integrity constraint type
              • Overview
              • NOT NULL constraints
              • UNIQUE KEY constraints
              • PRIMARY KEY constraints
              • FOREIGN KEY constraints
              • CHECK constraints
            • Use of integrity constraints
        • MySQL mode
          • Introduction
            • Overview
            • Database object types
            • Database object storage
            • Dependencies between database objects
          • Tables
            • Overview
            • Data type
              • Overview
              • Numeric data types
              • Datetime data types
              • Character data types
              • LOB data types
              • Multi-model data types
              • Spatial data types
              • JSON data types
            • Integrity constraints
            • Table storage
            • Table compression
            • Partitioned table
            • Tables with and without a primary key
          • Indexes
            • About indexes
            • Local and global indexes
            • Unique and non-unique indexes
            • Spatial indexes
            • Use indexes
            • Index storage
          • Partitions
            • Overview
            • Partitioning keys
            • Partitioning types
            • Partitioned indexes
          • Views
            • Views in a database
            • Standard views
              • Overview
              • Overview
              • OceanBase-specific views
              • MySQL-compatible views
              • Oracle-compatible views in MySQL tenants
              • Oracle-compatible views in the sys tenant
              • View operations and data access
            • Materialized views
              • Materialized views
              • Materialized view logs
              • Creation and update strategies for materialized views
          • System views
            • Dictionary views
            • Performance views
          • Data integrity
            • Overview
            • Integrity constraint type
              • Overview
              • NOT NULL constraints
              • UNIQUE KEY constraints
              • PRIMARY KEY constraints
              • FOREIGN KEY constraints
            • Use of integrity constraints
      • Distributed database objects
        • Overview
        • Cluster architecture
        • Data partitions and replicas
          • Overview
          • Log streams
          • Partition replica type
            • Overview
            • Full-featured replica
            • Read-only replicas
          • Multi-replica consensus protocols
          • Data balancing
            • Intra-tenant balancing
            • Views and parameters related to data balancing
        • Dynamic scaling
          • Cluster scaling
          • Tenant resource scaling
            • Overview
            • Horizontal scaling of tenant resources
            • Vertical scaling of tenant resources
            • Cross-zone management of tenant resources
      • Data link
        • Overview
        • Database proxy
          • Overview
          • SQL routing
          • Connection management
          • ODP configuration management
          • Logs and monitoring
        • Database connector
          • Overview
          • OBCI
          • OceanBase Connector/J
          • OceanBase Connector/C
      • User interface and query language
        • SQL
          • Introduction
            • Overview
            • SQL data access
            • SQL standards
          • SQL statements
            • Overview
            • DDL statements
            • DML statements
            • DCL statements
          • Execution process of SQL queries
          • Query SQL execution plans
          • Distributed execution plan
            • Perform distributed execution and parallel queries
            • Generate distributed execution plans
            • Run and disable a parallel query
            • Manage distributed execution plans
            • Perform parameter tuning for a parallel query
        • PL
          • PL concepts
            • Oracle mode
              • Subprograms
              • Stored procedures
              • Functions
              • Triggers
              • Packages
            • MySQL mode
              • Subprograms
              • Stored procedures
              • Functions
              • Triggers
          • PL subprogram execution mechanism
        • Client programming languages
      • Transaction management
        • Transaction
          • Overview
          • Transaction structure
          • Statement-level atomicity
          • GTS
          • Transaction control
            • Overview
            • Active transactions
            • Savepoint
            • Transaction control statements
              • MySQL transaction control
              • Oracle transaction control
          • Redo logs
          • Local transactions
          • Distributed transaction
            • Overview
            • Two-phase commit
          • XA transactions
        • Transaction concurrency and consistency
          • Overview
          • Multi-version read consistency
          • Concurrency control
            • Overview
            • Lock mechanism
          • Transaction isolation level
            • Overview
            • Transaction isolation levels in Oracle mode
            • Transaction isolation levels in MySQL mode
          • Weak consistency read
      • Storage architecture
        • Overview
        • Data storage
          • Overview
          • MemTables
          • SSTables
          • Columnar storage
          • Compression and encoding
        • Compaction
          • Overview
          • Minor compaction
          • Major compaction
        • Multi-level caches
        • Query processing
        • Data integrity
          • Detect silent data corruption
      • Data reliability and high availability
        • High availability architecture
          • Overview
          • ODP high availability
          • Leader election in distributed systems
          • Multi-replica log synchronization
          • Paxos protocol
          • Automatic handling of node failures
        • Deployment solutions for disaster recovery
        • Data protection
          • Overview
          • Flashback queries
          • Recycle bin
        • Backup and restore
          • Overview
          • Backup directory structures
          • Backup architecture
          • Restore architecture
        • Arbitration-based high availability solution
        • Physical Standby Database solution
      • Database security
        • Overview
        • Authentication
        • Access control
        • Data transmission encryption
        • Data storage encryption
        • Monitoring and alerting
        • Security audit
      • OBServer node architecture
        • Structure of the OBServer node installation directory
        • Configuration files
        • observer thread model
          • Threads
          • Worker threads
          • Background threads
        • Logs
        • Memory management
          • Overview
          • Memory-related parameters
          • Memory-related views
          • Memory usage logs
          • Diagnose memory errors
    • System management
      • Configuration management
        • Overview
        • Set parameters
        • Set variables
      • Storage management
        • Minor compaction management
          • Overview
          • Automatically trigger a minor compaction
          • Manually initiate a minor compaction
          • View dump information
          • Modify minor compaction parameters
        • Major compaction management
          • Overview
          • Automatically trigger a major compaction
          • Configure scheduled major compactions
          • Adaptive major compaction
          • Manually initiate a major compaction
          • View merge information
          • Manually control a major compaction
          • Modify major compaction settings
        • Data compression
          • Overview
          • Data encoding and compression
      • Memory management
        • Overview
        • Memory structure
        • Set the maximum memory for an OceanBase database
        • Manage internal system memory
        • Memory management within a tenant
        • Manage the memory of the plan cache
        • Memleak-based regular memory leak diagnostics mechanism
        • Query memory usage information
        • Common memory issues
      • Process management
        • Overview
        • Multi-tenant threads of OceanBase Database
        • View the thread status
        • Background threads of OceanBase Database
        • FAQ about multi-tenant threads
      • Disk management
        • Configure automatic scale-out of disk space for data files
    • Database object management
      • Overview
      • MySQL mode
        • Create and manage databases
          • Create a database
          • View databases
          • Modify a database
          • Drop a database
        • Create and manage tables
          • Overview
          • Create a table
          • Column skip index attribute
          • Define an auto-increment column
          • Define column constraints
          • Query the table definition
          • Modify a table
          • Empty a table
          • Drop a table
          • Lock a table
          • Create and manage external tables
            • Overview
            • Create an external table
            • Manage external files
        • Create and manage partitions
          • Overview
          • Create a partitioned table
          • Modify partitioning rules
          • Add a partition
          • Drop a partition
          • Truncate a partition
          • Partition pruning
          • Query data in specified partitions
          • Create indexes on partitioned tables
            • Overview
            • Local indexes
            • Global indexes
        • Create and manage table groups
          • Overview
          • Create a table group
          • Query information about a table group
          • Add tables to a table group
          • Modify the SHARDING attribute of a table group
          • Manage tables in a table group
          • Drop a table group
        • Create and manage indexes
          • Overview
          • Create an index
          • Query indexes
          • Monitor indexes
          • Drop an index
          • System functions supported for function-based indexes
          • System functions not supported for function-based indexes
        • Manage views
          • Manage standard views
          • Manage materialized views
            • Materialized views
              • Overview
              • Create a materialized view
              • Query a materialized view
              • Drop a materialized view
              • Refresh a materialized view
            • Materialized view logs
              • Overview
              • Create a materialized view log
              • Drop a materialized view log
        • Create and manage sequences
          • Create a sequence
          • Query sequences
          • Reference a sequence
          • Modify a sequence
          • Drop a sequence
        • Create and manage triggers
          • Overview
          • Create a DML trigger
          • Query trigger information
          • Drop a trigger
        • Create and manage DBLinks
          • Create a DBLink
          • Query a DBLink
          • Use a DBLink to access data in a remote database
          • Drop a DBLink
      • Oracle mode
        • Create and manage tables
          • Overview
          • Create a table
          • Column skip index attribute
          • Define column constraints
          • Query the definition of a table
          • Modify a table
          • Empty a table
          • Drop a table
          • Lock a table
          • Create and manage external tables
            • Overview
            • Create an external table
            • Manage external files
        • Create and manage partitions
          • Overview
          • Create a partitioned table
          • Modify partitioning rules
          • Rename a partition
          • Add a partition
          • Drop a partition
          • Truncate a partition
          • Partition pruning
          • Query data in specified partitions
          • Create indexes on partitioned tables
            • Overview
            • Local indexes
            • Global indexes
        • Create and manage table groups
          • Overview
          • Create a table group
          • Query information about a table group
          • Add tables to a table group
          • Modify the SHARDING attribute of a table group
          • Manage tables in a table group
          • Drop a table group
        • Create and manage indexes
          • Overview
          • Create an index
          • Query indexes
          • Monitor indexes
          • Drop an index
          • System functions supported for function-based indexes
          • System functions not supported for function-based indexes
        • Manage views
          • Manage standard views
          • Manage materialized views
            • Materialized views
              • Overview
              • Create a materialized view
              • Query a materialized view
              • Drop a materialized view
              • Refresh a materialized view
            • Materialized view logs
              • Overview
              • Create a materialized view log
              • Drop a materialized view log
        • Manage sequences
        • Manage synonyms
        • Create and manage triggers
          • Overview
          • Create a DML trigger
          • Create an INSTEAD OF trigger
          • Create a composite trigger
          • Modify and drop a trigger
          • Disable or enable a trigger
          • Query trigger information
        • Manage directory objects
        • Create and manage DBLinks
          • Create a DBLink
          • Query existing DBLinks
          • Use a DBLink to access data in a remote database
          • Use a DBLink to modify data in a remote database
          • Drop a DBLink
          • Install and configure OCI
    • Database design specifications and practices
      • Object naming conventions
        • Overview
        • Tenant naming conventions
        • User naming conventions
        • Table naming conventions
        • Field naming conventions
        • Other naming conventions
      • Object structure design specifications
        • Field design
        • Table structure design
        • Partitioned table design
        • Index design
        • Other structural designs
      • Character set specifications
      • Database connection specifications
      • Comments
      • ORM conventions
      • Exception handling
    • SQL reference
      • SQL syntax
        • System tenants
          • Overview
          • ALTER SYSTEM
            • ACTIVATE STANDBY
            • SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST
            • SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE
            • ARCHIVELOG
            • NOARCHIVELOG
            • ARBITRATION
            • BOOTSTRAP
            • BACKUP KEY
            • BACKUP
            • BALANCE TASK
            • CANCEL BACKUP
            • CANCEL CLONE
            • CANCEL DELETE BACKUP
            • CANCEL MIGRATE UNIT
            • CHANGE TENANT
            • CANCEL RESTORE
            • CANCEL RECOVER TABLE
            • MAJOR and MINOR
            • MIGRATE UNIT
            • DELETE BACKUP POLICY
            • FLUSH PLAN CACHE
            • JOB
            • SET LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
            • PARAMETER
            • RECOVER STANDBY
            • RECOVER STANDBY CANCEL
            • REFRESH
            • RESTORE
            • RECOVER TABLE
            • SET DATA_BACKUP_DEST
            • SERVER
            • SWITCHOVER
            • THROTTLE
            • WASH MEMORY FRAGMENTATION
            • ZONE
          • ALTER RESOURCE POOL
          • ALTER RESOURCE TENANT
          • ALTER RESOURCE UNIT
          • ALTER TENANT
          • CREATE RESOURCE POOL
          • CREATE RESOURCE UNIT
          • CREATE TENANT
          • CREATE STANDBY TENANT
          • DROP RESOURCE POOL
          • DROP RESOURCE UNIT
          • DROP TENANT
          • SET DECRYPTION
          • SET ENCRYPTION
        • User tenants (MySQL mode)
          • Basic elements
            • Data types
              • Overview
              • Numeric types
                • Overview
                • Integer data types
                • Fixed-point data types
                • Floating-point data types
                • Bit value data type
              • Datetime types
                • Overview
                • DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP types
                • TIME type
                • YEAR type
              • String types
                • Overview
                • CHAR and VARCHAR
                • BINARY and VARBINARY
              • Large objects and text types
                • Overview
                • BLOB types
                • TEXT types
                • LOB type
              • ENUM type
              • SET type
              • JSON data types
                • Overview
                • Create a JSON value
                • Query and modify JSON values
                • Convert a JSON data type
              • Spatial data types
                • Overview
                • SRS
                • Create a spatial column
                • Create a spatial index
                • Spatial data formats
            • Expressions
              • Overview
              • Expression syntax
              • Convert data types in expression evaluation
            • Character set and collation
              • Overview
              • Character sets
              • Collations
              • Database-level character sets and collations
              • Table-level character sets and collations
              • Column-level character sets and collations
              • Character sets and collations for character expressions
              • Character sets and collations for client connection
            • Literals
              • Overview
              • Strings
              • Numbers
              • Datetime values
              • Bit values
              • Boolean values
              • NULLs
            • Schema object names
            • User-defined variables
            • Comments
          • Operators
            • Overview
            • Operator precedence
            • Arithmetic operators
            • Bitwise operators
            • Comparison operators
            • Logical operators
            • Assignment operators
            • Date and time operators
            • Concatenation operators
            • BINARY operator
            • CASE conditional operator
          • Sequence pseudocolumns
          • Functions
            • Overview
            • Single-row functions
              • Datetime functions
                • ADDDATE
                • CONVERT_TZ
                • CURDATE
                • CURRENT_DATE
                • CURRENT_TIME
                • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                • CURTIME
                • DATE
                • DATE_ADD
                • DATE_FORMAT
                • DATE_SUB
                • DATEDIFF
                • DAYOFMONTH
                • DAYOFWEEK
                • DAYOFYEAR
                • EXTRACT
                • FROM_DAYS
                • FROM_UNIXTIME
                • GET_FORMAT
                • HOUR
                • LAST_DAY
                • LOCALTIME
                • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                • MAKEDATE
                • MAKETIME
                • MICROSECOND
                • MINUTE
                • MONTH
                • MONTHNAME
                • NOW
                • PERIOD_ADD
                • PERIOD_DIFF
                • QUARTER
                • SEC_TO_TIME
                • SECOND
                • STR_TO_DATE
                • SUBDATE
                • SUBTIME
                • SYSDATE
                • TIME
                • TIME_FORMAT
                • TIME_TO_SEC
                • TIME_TO_USEC
                • TIMEDIFF
                • TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMPADD
                • TIMESTAMPDIFF
                • TO_DAYS
                • TO_SECONDS
                • UNIX_TIMESTAMP
                • USEC_TO_TIME
                • UTC_DATE
                • UTC_TIME
                • UTC_TIMESTAMP
                • WEEK
                • WEEKDAY
                • WEEKOFYEAR
                • YEARWEEK
                • YEAR
                • ADDTIME
                • DAYNAME
                • DAY
              • String functions
                • ASCII
                • BIN
                • BIT_LENGTH
                • CHAR
                • CHAR_LENGTH
                • CHARACTER_LENGTH
                • CONCAT
                • CONCAT_WS
                • ELT
                • EXPORT_SET
                • FIELD
                • FIND_IN_SET
                • FORMAT
                • HEX
                • INSERT
                • INSTR
                • INT2IP
                • IP2INT
                • LCASE
                • LEFT
                • LENGTH
                • LOCATE
                • LOWER
                • LPAD
                • LTRIM
                • MAKE_SET
                • MID
                • OCT
                • OCTET_LENGTH
                • ORD
                • POSITION
                • QUOTE
                • REGEXP
                • REGEXP_INSTR
                • REGEXP_LIKE
                • REGEXP_REPLACE
                • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                • REPEAT
                • REPLACE
                • REVERSE
                • RIGHT
                • RLIKE
                • RPAD
                • RTRIM
                • SPACE
                • STRCMP
                • SUBSTR
                • SUBSTRING
                • SUBSTRING_INDEX
                • TRIM
                • UCASE
                • UNHEX
                • UPPER
                • WEIGHT_STRING
                • TO_BASE64
                • FROM_BASE64
                • SOUNDEX
              • Conversion functions
                • CAST
                • CONVERT
                • SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
              • Mathematical functions
                • ABS
                • ACOS
                • ASIN
                • ATAN
                • ATAN2
                • BIT_COUNT
                • CEIL
                • CEILING
                • CONV
                • COS
                • COT
                • CRC32
                • DEGREES
                • EXP
                • FLOOR
                • GENERATOR
                • LN
                • LOG
                • LOG10
                • LOG2
                • MOD
                • NEG
                • PI
                • NORMAL
                • POW
                • POWER
                • RADIANS
                • RAND
                • RANDOM
                • RANDSTR
                • ROUND
                • SIGN
                • SIN
                • SQRT
                • TAN
                • TRUNCATE
                • UNIFORM
                • ZIPF
              • Comparison functions
                • GREATEST
                • INTERVAL
                • ISNULL
                • LEAST
              • Process control functions
                • CASE
                • IF
                • IFNULL
                • NULLIF
                • ORA_DECODE
            • Aggregate functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • COUNT
              • GROUP_CONCAT
              • GROUPING
              • MAX
              • MIN
              • STD
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
            • Analysis functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • COUNT
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • FIRST_VALUE
              • LAG
              • LAST_VALUE
              • LEAD
              • MAX
              • MIN
              • NTH_VALUE
              • NTILE
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • RANK
              • ROW_NUMBER
              • STD
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
            • Encryption functions
              • AES_DECRYPT
              • AES_ENCRYPT
              • COMPRESS
              • DECODE
              • DES_DECRYPT
              • DES_ENCRYPT
              • ENCODE
              • ENCRYPT
              • MD5
              • UNCOMPRESS
              • UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH
              • RANDOM_BYTES
              • SHA
              • SHA1
              • SHA2
              • VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH
            • Information functions
              • BENCHMARK
              • CHARSET
              • COERCIBILITY
              • COLLATION
              • CONNECTION_ID
              • CURRENT_USER
              • DATABASE
              • FOUND_ROWS
              • LAST_INSERT_ID
              • ICU_VERSION
              • OB_TRANSACTION_ID
              • ROW_COUNT
              • SCHEMA
              • SESSION_USER
              • SYSTEM_USER
              • USER
              • VERSION
              • OB_VERSION
            • JSON functions
              • Overview
              • Create JSON text functions
                • JSON_ARRAY
                • JSON_OBJECT
                • JSON_QUOTE
              • Search JSON text functions
                • JSON_CONTAINS
                • JSON_CONTAINS_PATH
                • JSON_EXTRACT
                • JSON_KEYS
                • JSON_OVERLAPS
                • JSON_SEARCH
                • JSON_VALUE
                • MEMBER OF
              • Modify JSON text functions
                • JSON_ARRAY_APPEND
                • JSON_ARRAY_INSERT
                • JSON_INSERT
                • JSON_MERGE
                • JSON_MERGE_PATCH
                • JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE
                • JSON_REMOVE
                • JSON_REPLACE
                • JSON_SET
                • JSON_UNQUOTE
              • Return JSON text property functions
                • JSON_DEPTH
                • JSON_LENGTH
                • JSON_TYPE
                • JSON_VALID
              • JSON_TABLE
              • JSON utility functions
                • JSON_PRETTY
                • JSON_STORAGE_SIZE
              • JSON aggregate functions
                • JSON_ARRAYAGG
                • JSON_OBJECTAGG
            • Spatial functions
              • Functions that create geometry values
              • Spatial operation functions
              • Spatial relation functions
              • Geometry property functions
              • Geometry format conversion functions
            • Performance schema functions
              • FORMAT_BYTES
              • FORMAT_PICO_TIME
            • Other functions
              • ANY_VALUE
              • BIN_TO_UUID
              • COALESCE
              • DEFAULT
              • NAME_CONST
              • INET_ATON
              • INET_NTOA
              • INET6_ATON
              • INET6_NTOA
              • IS_IPV4
              • IS_IPV4_COMPAT
              • IS_IPV6
              • IS_UUID
              • NVL
              • UUID_TO_BIN
              • SLEEP
              • UUID
              • UUID_SHORT
              • VALUES
          • Queries and subqueries
            • Overview
            • Subqueries
            • Joins
          • SQL statements
            • General syntax
            • Common Table Expressions
            • ALTER DATABASE
            • ALTER OUTLINE
            • ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE
            • ALTER SEQUENCE
            • MAJOR and MINOR
            • ALTER TABLE
            • ALTER TABLEGROUP
            • ALTER TABLEGROUP
            • ALTER USER
            • ALTER VIEW
            • ANALYZE
            • CREATE DATABASE
            • CREATE DATABASE LINK
            • CREATE INDEX
            • CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE
            • CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
            • CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
            • CREATE OUTLINE
            • CREATE RESTORE POINT
            • CREATE SEQUENCE
            • CREATE TABLE
            • CREATE TABLEGROUP
            • CREATE TABLESPACE
            • CREATE USER
            • CREATE VIEW
            • DEALLOCATE PREPARE
            • DROP DATABASE LINK
            • DELETE
            • DESCRIBE
            • DROP DATABASE
            • DROP INDEX
            • DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
            • DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
            • DROP OUTLINE
            • DROP TABLE
            • DROP TABLEGROUP
            • DROP TABLESPACE
            • DROP SEQUENCE
            • DROP USER
            • DROP VIEW
            • EXECUTE
            • EXPLAIN
            • FLASHBACK
            • GRANT
            • HELP
            • INSERT
            • KILL
            • LOAD DATA
            • LOCK TABLES
            • MERGE
            • OPTIMIZE
            • PREPARE
            • PURGE
            • PURGE RECYCLEBIN
            • RENAME USER
            • RENAME TABLE
            • REPLACE
            • REVOKE
            • SAVEPOINT
            • SCHEMA
            • SELECT INTO
            • SELECT
              • SELECT statement
              • JOIN clause
              • OVER clause
              • UNION clause
            • SET
            • SET CHARSET
            • SET NAMES
            • SET PASSWORD
            • SET TRANSACTION
            • SHOW
            • TRANSACTION
            • TRUNCATE TABLE
            • UPDATE
            • USE
            • VALUES
          • DDL feature
            • Overview
            • Online and offline DDL operations
            • Index operations
            • Primary key operations
            • Column operations
            • Generated column operations
            • Foreign key operations
            • Table operations
            • Partition operations
            • Column type change rules
            • Conversion rules for numeric data types
        • User tenants (Oracle mode)
          • Introduction to SQL
          • Pseudo columns
            • Overview
            • Hierarchical query pseudocolumns
            • Sequence pseudocolumns
            • ORA_ROWSCN pseudocolumn
            • ROWNUM pseudocolumn
            • ROWID pseudocolumn
          • Basic elements
            • Built-in data types
              • Overview
              • Character data types
                • Overview
                • CHAR data type
                • NCHAR data type
                • NVARCHAR2 data type
                • VARCHAR2 data type
                • VARCHAR data type
              • Numeric data types
                • Overview
                • NUMBER data type
                • FLOAT data type
                • Floating-point numbers
                • Precedence of numeric data types
              • Datetime and interval data types
                • Overview
                • DATE data type
                • TIMESTAMP data type
                • TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE data type
                • TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE data type
                • INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH data type
                • INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND data type
                • Calculation of dates, timestamps, and intervals
              • RAW data type
              • Large object data types
                • Overview
                • BLOB data type
                • CLOB data type
              • Rowid data types
              • User-defined data types
              • Any types
              • JSON data types
                • Overview
                • Create JSON columns
                • Query JSON data
                • Conversion rules for JSON data types
              • XML data types
                • Overview
                • XML data definition
                • Create an XMLType column
                • Query XMLType data
                • Convert XMLType data
            • Data type comparison rules
              • Overview
              • Numeric value comparison rules
              • Date value comparison rules
              • Character value comparison rules
              • Data type precedence
              • Data type conversion rules
              • Security considerations for data conversion
            • Literals
              • Overview
              • Text literals
              • Numeric literals
              • Datetime literals
                • Date literals
                • Timestamp literals
              • Interval literals
            • Format model
              • Overview
              • Number format models
              • Datetime format models
              • RR datetime format element
              • String-to-date conversion rules
            • NULL value
              • Overview
              • NULLs in SQL functions
              • NULLs in comparison conditions
              • NULLs in conditional expressions
            • Annotations
              • Overview
              • Comments within SQL statements
              • Comments on schema and non-schema objects
              • Hints
                • Overview
                • Hint list
                  • Hints related to access path
                  • Hints related to join orders
                  • Hints related to joins
                  • Hints related to parallel execution
                  • Hints related to query strategy
                  • Hints related to query conversion
                  • Other hints
            • Database objects
              • Schema objects
              • Non-schema objects
            • Database naming conventions
              • Overview
              • Suggestions on schema object names
            • Database object reference methods
              • Overview
              • Reference schema objects
              • Reference objects in a remote database
                • Create a DBLink
                • Reference a DBLink
              • Reference partitioned tables and indexes
              • Reference an attribute or method of an object type
            • Character sets and collations
          • Operators
            • Overview
            • Operator precedence
            • Arithmetic operators
            • Concatenation operator
            • Hierarchical query operators
            • Set operators
            • COLLATE operator
          • Functions
            • Overview
            • Single-row functions
              • Numeric functions
                • ABS
                • ACOS
                • ASIN
                • ATAN
                • ATAN2
                • BITAND
                • CEIL
                • COS
                • COSH
                • EXP
                • FLOOR
                • LN
                • GENERATOR
                • LOG
                • MOD
                • NANVL
                • NORMAL
                • POWER
                • REMAINDER
                • ROUND
                • RANDOM
                • RANDSTR
                • SIGN
                • SIN
                • SINH
                • SQRT
                • TAN
                • TANH
                • TRUNC
                • UNIFORM
                • WIDTH_BUCKET
                • ZIPF
              • String functions that return a string
                • CHR
                • CONCAT
                • INITCAP
                • LOWER
                • LPAD
                • LTRIM
                • NLS_LOWER
                • NLSSORT
                • NLS_UPPER
                • REGEXP_REPLACE
                • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                • REPLACE
                • RPAD
                • RTRIM
                • SUBSTR
                • TRANSLATE
                • TRANSLATE ... USING
                • TRIM
                • UPPER
              • String functions that return numbers
                • ASCII
                • INSTR
                • LENGTH
                • REGEXP_COUNT
                • REGEXP_INSTR
              • Datetime functions
                • ADD_MONTHS
                • CURRENT_DATE
                • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                • DBTIMEZONE
                • EXTRACT(datetime)
                • FROM_TZ
                • LAST_DAY
                • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                • MONTHS_BETWEEN
                • NEXT_DAY
                • NUMTODSINTERVAL
                • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
                • ROUND(date)
                • SESSIONTIMEZONE
                • SYS_EXTRACT_UTC
                • SYSDATE
                • SYSTIMESTAMP
                • TO_CHAR(datetime)
                • TO_DSINTERVAL
                • TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
                • TO_YMINTERVAL
                • TRUNC(date)
                • TZ_OFFSET
              • Generic comparison functions
                • GREATEST
                • LEAST
              • Conversion functions
                • ASCIISTR
                • CAST
                • CHARTOROWID
                • CONVERT
                • HEXTORAW
                • NUMTODSINTERVAL
                • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
                • RAWTOHEX
                • ROWIDTOCHAR
                • ROWIDTONCHAR
                • SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
                • TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
                • TO_BINARY_FLOAT
                • TO_BLOB
                • TO_CHAR(character)
                • TO_CHAR(datetime)
                • TO_CHAR(number)
                • TO_CLOB
                • TO_DATE
                • TO_DSINTERVAL
                • TO_MULTI_BYTE
                • TO_NUMBER
                • TO_NCHAR(character)
                • TO_NCHAR(datetime)
                • TO_NCHAR(number)
                • TO_SINGLE_BYTE
                • TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
                • TO_YMINTERVAL
                • UNISTR
              • Encoding and decoding functions
                • DECODE
                • DUMP
                • ORA_HASH
                • VSIZE
              • Null value related functions
                • COALESCE
                • LNNVL
                • NANVL
                • NULLIF
                • NVL
                • NVL2
              • Environment and identifier functions
                • SYS_CONTEXT
                • SYS_GUID
                • UID
                • USER
                • USERENV
                • OB_VERSION
              • Hierarchical functions
                • SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH
              • JSON functions
                • Overview
                • Create JSON text functions
                  • JSON_ARRAY
                  • JSON_OBJECT
                  • JSON_ARRAYAGG
                  • JSON_OBJECTAGG
                • Query JSON text functions
                  • JSON_VALUE
                  • JSON_QUERY
                  • JSON_EXISTS
                  • JSON_TABLE
                • Validate JSON text functions
                  • JSON_EQUAL
                • Modify JSON text functions
                  • JSON_MERGEPATCH
              • XML functions
                • Overview
                • Construct XMLType data functions
                  • XMLAGG
                  • XMLATTRIBUTES
                  • XMLELEMENT
                  • XMLPARSE
                • Query XMLType data functions
                  • EXTRACT
                  • EXTRACTVALUE
                  • XMLSERIALIZE
                  • XMLCAST
                • Modify XMLType data functions
                  • UPDATEXML
            • Aggregate functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • CORR
              • COUNT
              • COVAR_POP
              • COVAR_SAMP
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • GROUPING
              • KEEP
              • LISTAGG
              • MAX
              • MEDIAN
              • MIN
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • PERCENTILE_CONT
              • PERCENTILE_DISC
              • RANK
              • REGR_(Linear Regression)
              • ROLLUP
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
              • GROUP_ID
              • GROUPING_ID
            • Analysis functions
              • Analytic functions
              • AVG
              • CORR
              • COUNT
              • COVAR_POP
              • COVAR_SAMP
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • FIRST_VALUE
              • KEEP
              • LAG
              • LAST_VALUE
              • LEAD
              • LISTAGG
              • MAX
              • MEDIAN
              • MIN
              • NTILE
              • NTH_VALUE
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • PERCENTILE_CONT
              • PERCENTILE_DISC
              • RANK
              • RATIO_TO_REPORT
              • REGR_(Linear Regression)
              • ROW_NUMBER
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
            • Information functions
              • OB_TRANSACTION_ID
          • Expressions
            • Overview
            • Simple expressions
            • Compound expressions
            • Case expressions
            • Column expressions
            • CURSOR expressions
            • Datetime expressions
            • Function expressions
            • Interval expressions
            • Scalar subquery expressions
            • Type constructor expressions
            • Expression list
          • Conditions
            • Overview
            • Condition precedence
            • Comparison conditions
            • Floating-point conditions
            • Logical conditions
            • Pattern-matching conditions
            • NULL conditions
            • Compound conditions
            • BETWEEN condition
            • EXISTS condition
            • IN condition
          • Queries and subqueries
            • Overview
            • Simple query
            • Hierarchical query
            • Compound query
            • Join query
            • Subquery
            • DUAL table query
          • SQL statements
            • DDL
              • ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE
              • ALTER INDEX
              • ALTER KEYSTORE
              • ALTER OUTLINE
              • ALTER PROFILE
              • ALTER ROLE
              • ALTER SEQUENCE
              • ALTER SESSION
              • ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH PLAN CACHE
              • ALTER SYSTEM PARAMETER
              • ALTER TABLE
              • ALTER TABLEGROUP
              • ALTER USER
              • CREATE CONTEXT
              • CREATE DIRECTORY
              • CREATE DATABASE LINK
              • CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE
              • CREATE INDEX
              • CREATE KEYSTORE
              • CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
              • CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
              • CREATE OUTLINE
              • CREATE PROFILE
              • CREATE ROLE
              • CREATE SEQUENCE
              • CREATE SYNONYM
              • CREATE TABLE
              • CREATE TABLEGROUP
              • CREATE TABLESPACE
              • CREATE USER
              • CREATE VIEW
              • DROP CONTEXT
              • DROP DATABASE LINK
              • DROP DIRECTORY
              • DROP INDEX
              • DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
              • DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
              • DROP OUTLINE
              • DROP PROFILE
              • DROP ROLE
              • DROP SEQUENCE
              • DROP SYNONYM
              • DROP TABLE
              • DROP TABLEGROUP
              • DROP TABLESPACE
              • DROP USER
              • DROP VIEW
              • RENAME
              • TRUNCATE TABLE
              • MAJOR and MINOR
            • DML
              • DELETE
              • INSERT
              • MERGE
              • PURGE
              • EXPLAIN
              • SELECT
                • SIMPLE SELECT
                • Set-based SELECT
                • WITH clause
              • UPDATE
            • DCL
              • ANALYZE
              • ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
              • AUDIT
              • COMMENT
              • COMMIT
              • FLASHBACK TABLE BEFORE DROP
              • GRANT
              • KILL
              • LOAD DATA
              • LOCK TABLE
              • REVOKE
              • ROLLBACK
              • SAVEPOINT
              • SET NAMES
              • SET PASSWORD
              • SET ROLE
              • SET VARIABLE
              • SHOW
              • SHRINK
              • TRANSACTION
          • DDL feature
            • Overview
            • Online and offline DDL operations
            • Index operations
            • Primary key operations
            • Column operations
            • Generated column operations
            • Foreign key operations
            • Table operations
            • Partition operations
            • Column type change rules
            • Conversion rules for numeric data types
      • SQL specifications and practices
        • Limitations on writing SQL statements
        • SQL writing specifications
          • SELECT statements
          • DML statements
          • Multi-table join specifications
          • Table scan
          • Transactions
          • Cache
          • Hint
          • Others
        • SQL statement examples
          • Implicit data type conversion
          • Join tables
          • Weak consistency read
          • Pagination queries
      • PL reference
        • What is PL
          • Overview
          • Main features of PL
          • PL architecture
        • PL reference (MySQL mode)
          • Syntax of PL stored programs
          • PL stored procedures
            • Overview
            • Variables in stored programs
            • Stored procedures
            • Stored functions
            • Trigger
            • Limitations on stored programs
          • PL cursors
            • Overview
            • Cursor execution process
            • Limitations on server cursors
          • PL conditional control statements
            • CASE
            • IF
            • ITERATE
            • LEAVE
            • LOOP
            • REPEAT
            • RETURN
            • WHILE
          • PL data manipulation statements
            • CALL
            • DO
          • PL data definition statements
            • ALTER FUNCTION
            • ALTER PROCEDURE
            • CREATE FUNCTION
            • CREATE PROCEDURE
            • CREATE TRIGGER
            • DROP FUNCTION
            • DROP PROCEDURE
            • DROP TRIGGER
          • PL database management statements
            • SHOW CREATE FUNCTION
            • SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE
            • SHOW CREATE TRIGGER
            • SHOW FUNCTION STATUS
            • SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS
            • SHOW TRIGGERS
          • PL related dictionary views
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARAMETERS
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS
          • PL exception handling
            • Overview
            • DECLARE ... CONDITION
            • DECLARE ... HANDLER
            • GET DIAGNOSTICS
            • RESIGNAL
            • SIGNAL
            • Effective scope of an exception handler
            • Diagnostics area
            • Exception handling and OUT/INOUT parameters
            • Limitations on exception handling
          • PL system packages
            • Overview
            • DBMS_MVIEW
              • Overview
              • PURGE_LOG
              • REFRESH
            • DBMS_MVIEW_STAT
              • Overview
              • PURGE_REFRESH_STATS
              • SET_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
              • SET_SYSTEM_DEFAULT
            • DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • CREATE_PLAN
              • CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • DELETE_PLAN
              • DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
              • UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • DBMS_STATS
              • Overview
              • ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • CREATE_STAT_TABLE
              • DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
              • DELETE_INDEX_STATS
              • DELETE_TABLE_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • DELETE_SYSTEM_STATS
              • DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
              • DROP_STAT_TABLE
              • EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
              • GATHER_INDEX_STATS
              • GATHER_TABLE_STATS
              • GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
              • GATHER_SYSTEM_STATS
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • GET_PARAM
              • GET_PREFS
              • IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
              • RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
              • PURGE_STATS
              • SET_COLUMN_STATS
              • SET_INDEX_STATS
              • SET_TABLE_STATS
              • SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
              • SET_PARAM
              • SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • SET_SYSTEM_STATS
              • SET_TABLE_PREFS
              • UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
            • DBMS_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE_MANAGER
              • Overview
              • ADD_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE
              • DELETE_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE
              • UPDATE_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE
            • DBMS_UDR
              • Overview
              • CREATE_RULE
              • DISABLE_RULE
              • ENABLE_RULE
              • REMOVE_RULE
            • DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY
              • Overview
              • ASH_REPORT
              • CREATE_SNAPSHOT
              • DROP_SNAPSHOT_RANGE
              • MODIFY_SNAPSHOT_SETTINGS
            • DBMS_XPLAN
              • Overview
              • DISPLAY_ACTIVE_SESSION_PLAN
              • DISPLAY_CURSOR
              • DISPLAY
              • DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • DISPLAY_SQL_PLAN_BASELINE
              • ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
          • Reserved and non-reserved PL keywords
        • PL reference (Oracle mode)
          • PL language basics
            • Character sets
            • Lexical units
            • Declare
            • Reference identifiers
            • Scope and visibility of identifiers
            • Assign values
            • Expressions
            • PL blocks
            • Subprograms
            • Error-reporting functions
          • PL data types
            • Overview
            • SQL data types
            • LOB data types
            • BOOLEAN type
            • User-defined subtypes
            • PLS_INTEGER and BINARY_INTEGER
            • Arrays
            • PL JSON data types
          • PL process control
            • Overview
            • Conditional control
            • Loop control
            • Sequential control
          • PL collections and records
            • Overview
            • Collections
            • Associative arrays
            • Varrays
            • Nested tables
            • Collection constructor function
            • Collection methods
              • Overview
              • DELETE method
              • TRIM method
              • EXTEND method
              • EXISTS method
              • FIRST and LAST methods
              • COUNT method
              • LIMIT method
              • PRIOR and NEXT methods
            • Records
            • Insert records into a table and update a table by using records
            • Create and call a subprogram with record type parameters
          • PL static SQL
            • Overview
            • Cursors
              • Overview
              • Cursor attributes
              • Implicit cursors
              • Explicit cursors
              • Cursor variables
              • Traverse cursor data by using the FOR loop
              • Modify and drop a cursor
            • Transaction processing and control
            • Autonomous transactions
              • Overview
              • Control autonomous transactions
              • Autonomous triggers
              • Call autonomous functions from SQL statements
          • PL dynamic SQL
            • Overview
            • Execute dynamic SQL statements
            • DBMS_SQL system package
          • PL stored procedures and functions
            • Overview
            • Create a stored procedure
            • Create a function
            • Manage stored procedures and functions
            • Privilege control
            • Pipeline functions
              • Overview
              • Create a pipelined table function
              • Application
            • User-defined functions
              • Overview
              • Interface for user-defined aggregate functions
              • Create user-defined aggregate functions
              • Use user-defined aggregate functions
            • Collection of stored procedure information and its impact on parallel execution of SQL statements
            • PL DBLinks
          • PL triggers
            • Overview
            • Create a DML trigger
            • Modify and drop a trigger
            • Disable or enable a trigger
            • Query trigger information
            • INSTEAD OF DML trigger
            • Compound DML trigger
          • PL packages
            • Overview
            • Create a program package
            • Overloaded programs in a package
            • Manage program packages
            • Definition of the PL environment by the STANDARD package
          • PL exception handling
            • Overview
            • Compile-Time alerts
            • Exception types
            • Exception handling processes
          • DDL operations on stored PL units
            • Overview
            • ALTER FUNCTION
            • ALTER PACKAGE
            • ALTER PROCEDURE
            • ALTER TRIGGER
            • ALTER TYPE
            • CREATE FUNCTION
            • CREATE PACKAGE
            • CREATE PACKAGE BODY
            • CREATE PROCEDURE
            • CREATE TRIGGER
            • CREATE TYPE
            • CREATE TYPE BODY
            • DROP FUNCTION
            • DROP PACKAGE
            • DROP PROCEDURE
            • DROP TRIGGER
            • DROP TYPE
            • DROP TYPE BODY
          • PL label security package
            • Overview
            • SA_SYSDBA policy management package
              • Overview
              • SA_SYSDBA.ALTER_POLICY
              • SA_SYSDBA.CREATE_POLICY
              • SA_SYSDBA.DROP_POLICY
            • SA_COMPONENTS label component package
              • Overview
              • SA_COMPONENTS.ALTER_LEVEL
              • SA_COMPONENTS.CREATE_LEVEL
              • SA_COMPONENTS.DROP_LEVEL
            • SA_LABEL_ADMIN label management package
              • Overview
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.ALTER_LABEL
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.CREATE_LABEL
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.DROP_LABEL
            • SA_POLICY_ADMIN policy management package
              • Overview
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.APPLY_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.DISABLE_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.ENABLE_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.REMOVE_TABLE_POLICY
            • SA_USER_ADMIN user label management package
              • Overview
              • SA_USER_ADMIN.SET_LEVELS
            • SA_SESSION session management package
              • Overview
              • SA_SESSION.LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.RESTORE_DEFAULT_LABELS
              • SA_SESSION.ROW_LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.SET_LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.SET_ROW_LABEL
          • PL system package (Oracle mode)
            • Overview
            • DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO
              • Overview
              • READ_CLIENT_INFO
              • READ_MODULE
              • SET_ACTION
              • SET_CLIENT_INFO
              • SET_MODULE
            • DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT
              • Overview
              • CLEAN_AUDIT_TRAIL
              • CREATE_PURGE_JOB
              • DROP_PURGE_JOB
              • SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP
              • SET_PURGE_JOB_STATUS
            • DBMS_CRYPTO
              • Overview
              • ENCRYPT
              • DECRYPT
              • HASH
            • DBMS_DEBUG
              • Overview
              • ATTACH_SESSION
              • CONTINUE
              • DEBUG_ON
              • DEBUG_OFF
              • DETACH_SESSION
              • DELETE_BREAKPOINT
              • DISABLE_BREAKPOINT
              • ENABLE_BREAKPOINT
              • GET_VALUE
              • GET_VALUES
              • GET_RUNTIME_INFO
              • GET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
              • INITIALIZE
              • PROBE_VERSION
              • PRINT_BACKTRACE
              • SET_TIMEOUT
              • SET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
              • SET_BREAKPOINT
              • SHOW_BREAKPOINTS
            • DBMS_DESCRIBE
              • Overview
              • DESCRIBE_PROCEDURE
            • DBMS_JOB
              • Overview
              • BROKEN
              • CHANGE
              • ZONE
              • INTERVAL
              • NEXT_DATE
              • REMOVE
              • RUN
              • SUBMIT
              • USER_EXPORT
              • WHAT
            • DBMS_LOB
              • Overview
              • APPEND
              • CLOSE
              • COPY
              • CREATETEMPORARY
              • ERASE
              • FREETEMPORARY
              • GETLENGTH
              • ISOPEN
              • INSTR
              • ISTEMPORARY
              • OPEN
              • READ
              • SUBSTR
              • TRIM
              • WRITE
              • WRITEAPPEND
            • DBMS_LOCK
              • Overview
              • ALLOCATE_UNIQUE
              • ALLOCATE_UNIQUE_AUTONOMOUS
              • REQUEST
              • SLEEP
            • DBMS_METADATA
              • Overview
              • GET_DDL
            • DBMS_MVIEW
              • Overview
              • PURGE_LOG
              • REFRESH
            • DBMS_MONITOR
              • Overview
              • OB_SESSION_TRACE_ENABLE
              • OB_SESSION_TRACE_DISABLE
              • OB_CLIENT_ID_TRACE_ENABLE
              • OB_CLIENT_ID_TRACE_DISABLE
              • OB_MOD_ACT_TRACE_ENABLE
              • OB_MOD_ACT_TRACE_DISABLE
              • OB_TENANT_TRACE_ENABLE
              • OB_TENANT_TRACE_DISABLE
            • DBMS_MVIEW_STAT
              • Overview
              • PURGE_REFRESH_STATS
              • SET_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
              • SET_SYSTEM_DEFAULT
            • DBMS_OUTPUT
              • Overview
              • DISABLE
              • ENABLE
              • GET_LINE
              • GET_LINES
              • NEW_LINE
              • PUT
              • PUT_LINE
            • DBMS_PLAN_CACHE
              • Overview
              • PURGE
            • DBMS_RANDOM
              • Overview
              • INITIALIZE
              • NORMAL
              • RANDOM
              • SEED
              • STRING
              • TERMINATE
              • VALUE
            • DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • CREATE_PLAN
              • CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • DELETE_PLAN
              • DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
              • UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • DBMS_SCHEDULER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_JOB
              • CREATE_PROGRAM
              • DEFINE_PROGRAM_ARGUMENT
              • DISABLE
              • DROP_JOB
              • DROP_PROGRAM
              • ENABLE
              • GENERATE_JOB_NAME
              • RUN_JOB
              • SET_ATTRIBUTE
              • SET_JOB_ARGUMENT_VALUE
            • DBMS_SESSION
              • Overview
              • CLEAR_ALL_CONTEXT
              • CLEAR_CONTEXT
              • CLEAR_IDENTIFIER
              • RESET_PACKAGE
              • SET_CONTEXT
              • SET_IDENTIFIER
            • DBMS_SQL
              • Overview
              • BIND_VARIABLE
              • CLOSE_CURSOR
              • COLUMN_VALUE
              • DEFINE_COLUMN
              • DEFINE_ARRAY
              • DESCRIBE_COLUMNS
              • EXECUTE
              • EXECUTE_AND_FETCH
              • FETCH_ROWS
              • IS_OPEN
              • LAST_ERROR_POSITION
              • OPEN_CURSOR
              • PARSE
              • VARIABLE_VALUE
            • DBMS_STATS
              • Overview
              • ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • CREATE_STAT_TABLE
              • DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
              • DELETE_INDEX_STATS
              • DELETE_TABLE_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • DELETE_SYSTEM_STATS
              • DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
              • DROP_STAT_TABLE
              • EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
              • GATHER_INDEX_STATS
              • GATHER_TABLE_STATS
              • GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
              • GATHER_SYSTEM_STATS
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • GET_PARAM
              • GET_PREFS
              • IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
              • RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
              • PURGE_STATS
              • SET_COLUMN_STATS
              • SET_INDEX_STATS
              • SET_TABLE_STATS
              • SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
              • SET_PARAM
              • SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • SET_SYSTEM_STATS
              • SET_TABLE_PREFS
              • UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
              • COPY_TABLE_STATS
            • DBMS_UDR
              • Overview
              • CREATE_RULE
              • DISABLE_RULE
              • ENABLE_RULE
              • REMOVE_RULE
            • DBMS_UTILITY
              • Overview
              • ACTIVE_INSTANCES
              • CURRENT_INSTANCE
              • DB_VERSION
              • FORMAT_CALL_STACK
              • FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE
              • FORMAT_ERROR_STACK
              • GET_ENDIANNESS
              • GET_HASH_VALUE
              • GET_PARAMETER_VALUE
              • GET_SQL_HASH
              • GET_TIME
              • IS_BIT_SET
              • IS_CLUSTER_DATABASE
              • NAME_RESOLVE
              • NAME_TOKENIZE
              • OLD_CURRENT_SCHEMA
              • OLD_CURRENT_USER
              • PORT_STRING
              • TABLE_TO_COMMA
            • DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY
              • Overview
              • ASH_REPORT
            • DBMS_XA
              • Overview
              • DBMS_XA constants
              • DBMS_XA_XID object type
              • DIST_TXN_SYNC
              • XA_COMMIT
              • XA_END
              • XA_FORGET
              • XA_GETLASTOER
              • XA_PREPARE
              • XA_RECOVER
              • XA_ROLLBACK
              • XA_SETTIMEOUT
              • XA_START
            • DBMS_XMLGEN
              • Overview
              • CONVERT
            • DBMS_XPLAN
              • Overview
              • DISPLAY_ACTIVE_SESSION_PLAN
              • DISPLAY_CURSOR
              • DISPLAY
              • DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • DISPLAY_SQL_PLAN_BASELINE
              • ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
            • ODCIConst
              • Overview
              • ODCIArgDesc.ArgType
              • ODCIEnv.CallProperty
              • ODCIEnv.Envflags
              • ODCIIndexAlter
              • ODCIIndexAlter parameter alter_option
              • ODCIIndexInfo.IndexInfoFlags
              • ODCIIndexInfo.IndexParaDegree
              • ODCIPredInfo.Flags
              • ODCIQueryInfo.Flags
              • ODCIStatsOptions.Flags
              • ODCIStatsOptions.Options
              • Return Status
              • ScnFlg
            • UTL_ENCODE
              • Overview
              • BASE64_DECODE
              • BASE64_ENCODE
            • UTL_FILE
              • Overview
              • FCLOSE
              • FFLUSH
              • FOPEN
              • FGETPOS
              • FREMOVE
              • FRENAME
              • FSEEK
              • NEW_LINE
              • GET_LINE
              • PUT
              • PUT_LINE
            • UTL_I18N
              • Overview
              • RAW_TO_CHAR
              • STRING_TO_RAW
            • UTL_RAW
              • Overview
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_COMPLEMENT
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_DOUBLE
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_FLOAT
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_INTEGER
              • CAST_FROM_NUMBER
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_FLOAT
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_INTEGER
              • CAST_TO_NUMBER
              • CAST_TO_RAW
              • CAST_TO_VARCHAR2
              • COMPARE
              • CONCAT
              • COPIES
              • LENGTH
              • REVERSE
              • SUBSTR
            • ANYDATA TYPE
              • Overview
              • BEGINCREATE static procedure
              • ENDCREATE member procedure
              • GET* member functions
              • GETTYPE member function
              • GETTYPENAME member function
              • PIECEWISE member procedure
              • SET* member procedures
            • XMLType
              • Overview
              • CREATEXML
              • GETCLOBVAL
              • GETSTRINGVAL
              • TRANSFORM
              • XMLTYPE
          • Reserved PL keywords
      • Reserved keywords (MySQL mode)
      • Reserved keywords (Oracle mode)
    • Multi-model API
      • RPC message compression
    • System views
      • Overview
      • Overview of system views
      • Changes in views in OceanBase Database V3.x and V4.x
      • SYS tenant views
        • Dictionary views
          • information_schema.CHARACTER_SETS
          • information_schema.CHECK_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.COLLATIONS
          • information_schema.COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY
          • information_schema.COLUMNS
          • information_schema.COLUMN_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS
          • information_schema.ENGINES
          • information_schema.GLOBAL_STATUS
          • information_schema.GLOBAL_VARIABLES
          • information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
          • information_schema.PARAMETERS
          • information_schema.PARTITIONS
          • information_schema.PROCESSLIST
          • information_schema.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.ROUTINES
          • information_schema.SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.SCHEMATA
          • information_schema.SESSION_STATUS
          • information_schema.SESSION_VARIABLES
          • information_schema.STATISTICS
          • information_schema.TABLES
          • information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.TABLE_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.VIEW_TABLE_USAGE
          • information_schema.VIEWS
          • mysql.db
          • mysql.help_category
          • mysql.help_keyword
          • mysql.help_relation
          • mysql.help_topic
          • mysql.proc
          • mysql.time_zone
          • mysql.time_zone_name
          • mysql.time_zone_transition
          • mysql.time_zone_transition_type
          • mysql.user
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_CONFIGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNITS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SEQUENCE_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESOURCE_POOLS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ROOTSERVICE_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS_V$
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINE_CONCURRENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_SYS_VARIABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_COLUMN_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_MANAGEMENT_CONFIG
          • information_schema.QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • oceanbase.DBA_SEQUENCES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USER_DEFINED_RULES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CLUSTER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RSRC_IO_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLANS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATA_DICTIONARY_IN_LOG
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATA_DICTIONARY_IN_LOG
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TASK_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_STAT_STALE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.ALL_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TRANSFER_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TRANSFER_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ACCESS_POINT
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ACCESS_POINT
          • oceanbase.DBA_DB_LINKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TENANT_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SNAPSHOT
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_SNAPSHOT
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_STATNAME
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_STATNAME
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SYSSTAT
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_SYSSTAT
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_CONTROL
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_CONTROL
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_KV_TTL_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_KV_TTL_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_KV_TTL_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_KV_TTL_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASK_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_CLONE_PROGRESS
          • DBA_OB_CLONE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_SYSTEM_EVENT
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SYSTEM_EVENT
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_EVENT_NAME
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_EVENT_NAME
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_SQLSTAT
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SQLSTAT
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_SQLTEXT
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SQLTEXT
          • CDB_MVIEW_LOGS
          • CDB_MVIEWS
          • CDB_MVREF_STATS_SYS_DEFAULTS
          • CDB_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
          • CDB_MVREF_RUN_STATS
          • CDB_MVREF_STATS
          • CDB_MVREF_CHANGE_STATS
          • CDB_MVREF_STMT_STATS
          • DBA_MVIEW_LOGS
          • DBA_MVIEWS
          • DBA_MVREF_STATS_SYS_DEFAULTS
          • DBA_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
          • DBA_MVREF_RUN_STATS
          • DBA_MVREF_STATS
          • DBA_MVREF_CHANGE_STATS
          • DBA_MVREF_STMT_STATS
          • CDB_INDEX_USAGE
          • DBA_INDEX_USAGE
          • CDB_OB_AUX_STATISTICS
          • DBA_OB_AUX_STATISTICS
          • DBA_OB_TRUSTED_ROOT_CERTIFICATE
        • Performance views
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • GV$OB_KVCACHE
          • GV$OB_PARAMETERS
          • GV$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • GV$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_SERVERS
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • GV$OB_UNITS
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • GV$SESSION_EVENT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • GV$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • GV$SESSTAT
          • GV$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
          • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$LATCH
          • GV$OB_MEMORY
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • GV$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
          • GV$OB_RPC_INCOMING
          • GV$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • GV$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • GV$DML_STATS
          • GV$SESSION_LONGOPS
          • GV$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • GV$OB_PS_STAT
          • GV$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • GV$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • GV$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • GV$OB_MERGE_INFO
          • GV$OB_SSTABLES
          • GV$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • V$OB_KVCACHE
          • V$OB_PARAMETERS
          • V$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • V$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • V$OB_SERVERS
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • V$OB_UNITS
          • V$STATNAME
          • V$EVENT_NAME
          • V$SESSION_WAIT
          • V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • V$SESSTAT
          • V$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • V$OB_MEMORY
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • V$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • V$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
          • V$OB_RPC_INCOMING
          • V$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • V$SESSION_LONGOPS
          • V$LATCH
          • V$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • V$OB_PS_STAT
          • V$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • V$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • V$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • V$OB_MERGE_INFO
          • V$SQL_MONITOR_STATNAME
          • V$OB_ENCRYPTED_TABLES
          • V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES
          • V$OB_SSTABLES
          • V$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • GV$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
          • V$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
          • GV$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
          • V$SYSSTAT
          • V$SESSION_EVENT
          • V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$DML_STATS
          • GV$OB_LOG_STAT
          • V$OB_LOG_STAT
          • V$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_PLAN
          • V$OB_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS
          • V$RSRC_PLAN
          • GV$OB_THREAD
          • V$OB_THREAD
          • GV$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
          • V$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
          • GV$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
          • V$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
          • GV$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
          • V$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_LOCKS
          • V$OB_LOCKS
          • V$OB_LS_LOG_RESTORE_STATUS
          • V$OB_TIMESTAMP_SERVICE
          • GV$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
          • V$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
          • GV$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
          • V$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
          • GV$OB_SQL_PLAN
          • V$OB_SQL_PLAN
          • GV$OB_TENANT_RUNTIME_INFO
          • V$OB_TENANT_RUNTIME_INFO
          • GV$OB_FLT_TRACE_CONFIG
          • GV$OB_LS_SNAPSHOTS
          • V$OB_LS_SNAPSHOTS
          • GV$OB_SQLSTAT
          • V$OB_SQLSTAT
          • GV$OB_SESS_TIME_MODEL
          • V$OB_SESS_TIME_MODEL
          • GV$OB_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • V$OB_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • GV$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
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          • DBA_SCHEDULER_JOB_RUN_DETAILS
          • DBA_WR_SNAPSHOT
          • DBA_WR_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • DBA_WR_STATNAME
          • DBA_WR_SYSSTAT
          • DBA_WR_CONTROL
          • DBA_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOBS
          • DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOBS
          • DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASKS
          • DBA_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASK_HISTORY
          • DBMS_LOCK_ALLOCATED
          • USER_USERS
          • DBA_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASKS
          • DBA_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASK_HISTORY
          • DBA_WR_SYSTEM_EVENT
          • DBA_WR_EVENT_NAME
          • DBA_WR_SQLSTAT
          • DBA_WR_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • DBA_WR_SQLTEXT
          • ALL_MVIEW_LOGS
          • DBA_MVIEW_LOGS
          • USER_MVIEW_LOGS
          • DBA_MVIEWS
          • ALL_MVIEWS
          • USER_MVIEWS
          • DBA_MVREF_STATS_SYS_DEFAULTS
          • USER_MVREF_STATS_SYS_DEFAULTS
          • DBA_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
          • USER_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
          • DBA_MVREF_RUN_STATS
          • USER_MVREF_RUN_STATS
          • DBA_MVREF_STATS
          • USER_MVREF_STATS
          • DBA_MVREF_CHANGE_STATS
          • USER_MVREF_CHANGE_STATS
          • DBA_MVREF_STMT_STATS
          • USER_MVREF_STMT_STATS
          • DBA_INDEX_USAGE
          • DBA_OB_AUX_STATISTICS
        • Performance views
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • GV$OB_KVCACHE
          • GV$OB_PARAMETERS
          • GV$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • GV$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • GV$OB_UNITS
          • GV$DBLINK
          • GV$INSTANCE
          • GV$OB_MEMORY
          • GV$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE
          • GV$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • GV$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • GV$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • GV$OB_PS_STAT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • GV$SESSTAT
          • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • GV$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • GV$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
          • GV$OB_SSTABLES
          • GV$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • V$GLOBALCONTEXT
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • V$OB_KVCACHE
          • V$OB_PARAMETERS
          • V$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • V$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • V$OB_UNITS
          • V$DBLINK
          • V$INSTANCE
          • V$OB_MEMORY
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE
          • V$NLS_PARAMETERS
          • V$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • V$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • V$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • V$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • V$OB_PS_STAT
          • V$SESSION_WAIT
          • V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • V$SESSTAT
          • V$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • V$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • V$VERSION
          • V$SQL_MONITOR_STATNAME
          • V$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
          • V$TIMEZONE_NAMES
          • V$OB_ENCRYPTED_TABLES
          • V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES
          • V$RSRC_PLAN
          • V$OB_SSTABLES
          • V$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • V$SYSSTAT
          • V$EVENT_NAME
          • GV$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • GV$DML_STATS
          • V$DML_STATS
          • GV$OB_LOG_STAT
          • V$OB_LOG_STAT
          • GV$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • V$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
          • V$OB_GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
          • V$OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_PLAN
          • GV$OPEN_CURSOR
          • V$OPEN_CURSOR
          • V$OB_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS
          • GV$OB_THREAD
          • V$OB_THREAD
          • GV$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
          • V$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
          • GV$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
          • V$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
          • GV$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
          • V$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_LOCKS
          • V$OB_LOCKS
          • V$OB_LS_LOG_RESTORE_STATUS
          • V$OB_TIMESTAMP_SERVICE
          • GV$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
          • V$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
          • GV$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
          • V$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
          • GV$OB_SQL_PLAN
          • V$OB_SQL_PLAN
          • GV$OB_FLT_TRACE_CONFIG
          • GV$OB_LS_SNAPSHOTS
          • V$OB_LS_SNAPSHOTS
          • GV$OB_SQLSTAT
          • V$OB_SQLSTAT
          • GV$OB_SESS_TIME_MODEL
          • V$OB_SESS_TIME_MODEL
          • GV$OB_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • V$OB_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • GV$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$STATNAME
          • V$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • GV$OB_SESSION
          • V$OB_SESSION
      • Common statistical events
      • General wait events
    • Parameters and system variables
      • Overview
      • Parameters
        • Overview
        • Cluster-level parameters
          • all_cluster_list
          • auto_broadcast_location_cache_rate_limit
          • all_server_list
          • auto_leader_switch_interval
          • auto_refresh_location_cache_rate_limit
          • autoinc_cache_refresh_interval
          • backup_backup_dest
          • backup_backup_dest_option
          • backup_dest_option
          • backup_concurrency
          • backup_dest
          • backup_log_archive_option
          • backup_net_limit
          • backup_recovery_window
          • backup_region
          • backup_zone
          • balance_blacklist_failure_threshold
          • balance_blacklist_retry_interval
          • balancer_emergency_percentage
          • balancer_log_interval
          • balancer_task_timeout
          • balancer_timeout_check_interval
          • balancer_tolerance_percentage
          • bf_cache_miss_count_threshold
          • bf_cache_priority
          • builtin_db_data_verify_cycle
          • cache_wash_threshold
          • clog_disk_utilization_threshold
          • clog_expire_days
          • clog_cache_priority
          • clog_disk_usage_limit_percentage
          • clog_sync_time_warn_threshold
          • clog_transport_compress_func
          • cpu_reserved
          • cluster
          • cluster_id
          • config_additional_dir
          • cpu_count
          • data_copy_concurrency
          • data_dir
          • data_disk_usage_limit_percentage
          • data_storage_error_tolerance_time
          • data_storage_warning_tolerance_time
          • datafile_disk_percentage
          • datafile_size
          • dead_socket_detection_timeout
          • debug_sync_timeout
          • default_compress
          • default_transport_compress_func
          • default_compress_func
          • default_row_format
          • devname
          • disk_io_thread_count
          • dtl_buffer_size
          • election_cpu_quota
          • election_blacklist_interval
          • enable_async_syslog
          • enable_auto_refresh_location_cache
          • enable_auto_leader_switch
          • enable_ddl
          • enable_global_freeze_trigger
          • enable_log_archive
          • enable_election_group
          • enable_major_freeze
          • enable_merge_by_turn
          • enable_manual_merge
          • enable_ob_ratelimit
          • enable_one_phase_commit
          • enable_perf_event
          • enable_pg
          • enable_record_trace_id
          • enable_record_trace_log
          • enable_rereplication
          • enable_rich_error_msg
          • enable_separate_sys_clog
          • enable_smooth_leader_switch
          • enable_rootservice_standalone
          • enable_sql_audit
          • enable_sql_operator_dump
          • enable_sys_table_ddl
          • enable_sys_unit_standalone
          • enable_syslog_recycle<main id="notice" type='explain'>
          • enable_syslog_wf
          • enable_tcp_keepalive
          • fast_recovery_concurrency
          • enable_upgrade_mode
          • flush_log_at_trx_commit
          • gc_wait_archive
          • fuse_row_cache_priority
          • global_index_build_single_replica_timeout
          • global_major_freeze_residual_memory
          • get_leader_candidate_rpc_timeout
          • global_write_halt_residual_memory
          • high_priority_net_thread_count
          • ignore_replay_checksum_error
          • ignore_replica_checksum_error
          • index_clog_cache_priority
          • index_info_block_cache_priority
          • index_cache_priority
          • ilog_index_expire_time
          • internal_sql_execute_timeout
          • large_query_threshold
          • large_query_worker_percentage
          • leak_mod_to_check
          • lease_time
          • location_cache_priority
          • location_cache_cpu_quota
          • location_cache_expire_time
          • location_cache_refresh_min_interval
          • location_cache_refresh_rpc_timeout
          • location_cache_refresh_sql_timeout
          • location_fetch_concurrency
          • location_refresh_thread_count
          • log_archive_batch_buffer_limit
          • log_archive_checkpoint_interval
          • max_kept_major_version_number
          • max_px_worker_count
          • max_string_print_length
          • max_syslog_file_count
          • memory_chunk_cache_size
          • memory_limit
          • memory_limit_percentage
          • memory_reserved
          • memstore_limit_percentage
          • merge_stat_sampling_ratio
          • merge_thread_count
          • merger_completion_percentage
          • merger_switch_leader_duration_time
          • merger_warm_up_duration_time
          • micro_block_merge_verify_level
          • migrate_concurrency
          • migration_disable_time
          • min_observer_version
          • minor_deferred_gc_time
          • mysql_port
          • net_thread_count
          • ob_event_history_recycle_interval
          • ob_ratelimit_stat_period
          • obconfig_url
          • tablet_meta_table_check_interval
          • tablet_meta_table_scan_batch_count
          • plan_cache_evict_interval
          • plan_cache_high_watermark
          • plan_cache_low_watermark
          • px_task_size
          • px_workers_per_cpu_quota
          • rdma_io_thread_count
          • recyclebin_object_expire_time
          • ls_meta_table_check_interval
          • resource_hard_limit
          • rebuild_replica_data_lag_threshold
          • rootservice_async_task_queue_size
          • rootservice_async_task_thread_count
          • rootservice_list
          • rootservice_memory_limit
          • rootservice_ready_check_interval
          • row_compaction_update_limit
          • rpc_port
          • rpc_timeout
          • schema_history_expire_time
          • schema_history_recycle_interval
          • server_balance_cpu_mem_tolerance_percent
          • server_balance_critical_disk_waterlevel
          • server_balance_disk_tolerance_percent
          • server_check_interval
          • server_cpu_quota_max
          • server_cpu_quota_min
          • server_permanent_offline_time
          • server_data_copy_out_concurrency
          • server_data_copy_in_concurrency
          • ssl_client_authentication
          • ssl_external_kms_info
          • stack_size
          • sql_audit_memory_limit
          • sys_bkgd_migration_change_member_list_timeout
          • sys_bkgd_migration_retry_num
          • sys_bkgd_net_percentage
          • switchover_process_thread_count
          • syslog_io_bandwidth_limit
          • sys_bkgd_io_high_percentage
          • sys_bkgd_io_low_percentage
          • syslog_level
          • sys_cpu_limit_trigger
          • system_memory
          • system_trace_level
          • tableapi_transport_compress_func
          • tablet_size
          • tcp_keepcnt
          • system_cpu_quota
          • tcp_keepidle
          • tcp_keepintvl
          • tenant_cpu_variation_per_server
          • tenant_task_queue_size
          • token_reserved_percentage
          • trace_log_sampling_interval
          • trace_log_slow_query_watermark
          • trx_2pc_retry_interval
          • tenant_groups
          • use_large_pages
          • user_block_cache_priority
          • user_row_cache_priority
          • trx_force_kill_threshold
          • trx_try_wait_lock_timeout
          • virtual_table_location_cache_expire_time
          • unit_balance_resource_weight
          • weak_read_version_refresh_interval
          • workers_per_cpu_quota
          • user_iort_up_percentage
          • zone
          • user_tab_col_stat_cache_priority
          • wait_leader_batch_count
          • log_disk_size
          • log_disk_percentage
          • tablet_ls_cache_priority
          • opt_tab_stat_cache_priority
          • zone_merge_concurrency
          • index_block_cache_priority
          • zone_merge_order
          • sql_login_thread_count
          • zone_merge_timeout
          • ob_esi_rpc_port
          • enable_asan_for_memory_context
          • enable_ob_esi_process
          • enable_cgroup
          • ob_esi_session_timeout
          • diag_syslog_per_error_limit
          • ob_esi_io_concurrency
          • ob_startup_mode
          • ob_esi_memory_limit
          • log_storage_warning_tolerance_time
          • ob_esi_syslog_level
          • ob_esi_max_syslog_file_count
          • sql_net_thread_count
          • minor_freeze_times
          • minor_merge_concurrency
          • minor_warm_up_duration_time
          • multiblock_read_gap_size
          • multiblock_read_size
          • ofs_list
          • partition_table_check_interval
          • replica_safe_remove_time
          • resource_soft_limit
          • restore_concurrency
          • rpc_client_authentication_method
          • rpc_server_authentication_method
          • row_purge_thread_count
          • datafile_maxsize
          • datafile_next
          • standby_fetch_log_bandwidth_limit
          • local_ip
          • observer_id
          • storage_meta_cache_priority
          • sql_protocol_min_tls_version
          • enable_rpc_authentication_bypass
          • strict_check_os_params
          • enable_dblink
        • Tenant-level parameters
          • audit_sys_operations
          • audit_trail
          • clog_max_unconfirmed_log_count
          • clog_persistence_compress_func
          • connection_control_failed_connections_threshold
          • connection_control_min_connection_delay
          • connection_control_max_connection_delay
          • enable_clog_persistence_compress
          • enable_early_lock_release
          • enable_monotonic_weak_read
          • external_kms_info
          • enable_sql_extension
          • default_progressive_merge_num
          • backup_data_file_size
          • io_category_config
          • log_disk_utilization_limit_threshold
          • log_disk_utilization_threshold
          • major_compact_trigger
          • ddl_thread_score
          • compaction_low_thread_score
          • max_stale_time_for_weak_consistency
          • compaction_high_thread_score
          • minor_compact_trigger
          • compaction_mid_thread_score
          • ob_enable_batched_multi_statement
          • ob_proxy_readonly_transaction_routing_policy
          • ob_ssl_invited_common_names
          • open_cursors
          • plsql_code_type
          • plsql_debug
          • plsql_optimize_level
          • plsql_warnings
          • sql_work_area
          • tde_method
          • writing_throttling_maximum_duration
          • writing_throttling_trigger_percentage
          • workarea_size_policy
          • plsql_v2_compatibility
          • job_queue_processes
          • ha_high_thread_score
          • ha_mid_thread_score
          • ha_low_thread_score
          • ob_compaction_schedule_interval
          • default_auto_increment_mode
          • ob_query_switch_leader_retry_timeout
          • default_enable_extended_rowid
          • major_freeze_duty_time
          • undo_retention
          • query_response_time_stats
          • query_response_time_flush
          • query_response_time_range_base
          • merger_check_interval
          • freeze_trigger_percentage
          • cpu_quota_concurrency
          • arbitration_timeout
          • compatible
          • log_transport_compress_all
          • log_transport_compress_func
          • rpc_memory_limit_percentage
          • tenant_sql_login_thread_count
          • tenant_sql_net_thread_count
          • dump_data_dictionary_to_log_interval
          • enable_user_defined_rewrite_rules
          • partition_balance_schedule_interval
          • log_disk_throttling_percentage
          • enable_rebalance
          • balancer_idle_time
          • log_disk_throttling_maximum_duration
          • ls_gc_delay_time
          • standby_db_preferred_upstream_log_region
          • archive_lag_target
          • range_optimizer_max_mem_size
          • log_restore_concurrency
          • log_archive_concurrency
          • standby_db_fetch_log_rpc_timeout
          • enable_transfer
          • kv_ttl_duty_duration
          • kv_ttl_history_recycle_interval
          • enable_kv_ttl
          • ttl_thread_score
          • compaction_dag_cnt_limit
          • compaction_schedule_tablet_batch_cnt
          • kv_transport_compress_func
          • kv_transport_compress_threshold
          • optimizer_index_cost_adj
          • default_table_store_format
      • System variables
        • Overview of system variables
        • Global variables
          • auto_increment_cache_size
          • auto_increment_increment
          • auto_increment_offset
          • autocommit
          • binlog_row_image
          • block_encryption_mode
          • character_set_client
          • character_set_connection
          • character_set_database
          • character_set_filesystem
          • character_set_results
          • character_set_server
          • character_set_system
          • collation_connection
          • collation_database
          • collation_server
          • connect_timeout
          • cursor_sharing
          • datadir
          • debug_sync
          • default_password_lifetime
          • div_precision_increment
          • error_on_overlap_time
          • explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
          • foreign_key_checks
          • group_concat_max_len
          • identity
          • init_connect
          • innodb_strict_mode
          • interactive_timeout
          • license
          • lower_case_table_names
          • max_allowed_packet
          • max_connections
          • max_sp_recursion_depth
          • max_user_connections
          • net_buffer_length
          • net_read_timeout
          • net_write_timeout
          • nls_calendar
          • nls_characterset
          • nls_comp
          • nls_currency
          • nls_date_format
          • nls_date_language
          • nls_dual_currency
          • nls_iso_currency
          • nls_length_semantics
          • nls_nchar_characterset
          • nls_nchar_conv_excp
          • nls_numeric_characters
          • nls_sort
          • nls_territory
          • nls_timestamp_format
          • nls_timestamp_tz_format
          • ob_create_table_strict_mode
          • ob_bnl_join_cache_size
          • ob_default_replica_num
          • ob_compatibility_mode
          • ob_enable_blk_nestedloop_join
          • ob_early_lock_release
          • ob_enable_hash_group_by
          • ob_enable_aggregation_pushdown
          • ob_enable_index_direct_select
          • ob_enable_jit
          • ob_enable_plan_cache
          • ob_enable_sql_audit
          • ob_enable_transformation
          • ob_enable_transmission_checksum
          • ob_enable_truncate_flashback
          • ob_global_debug_sync
          • ob_log_level
          • ob_pl_block_timeout
          • ob_plan_cache_evict_high_percentage
          • ob_plan_cache_evict_low_percentage
          • ob_plan_cache_percentage
          • ob_proxy_global_variables_version
          • ob_query_timeout
          • ob_read_consistency
          • ob_reserved_meta_memory_percentage
          • ob_route_policy
          • ob_sql_audit_percentage
          • ob_sql_work_area_percentage
          • ob_tcp_invited_nodes
          • ob_temp_tablespace_size_percentage
          • ob_timestamp_service
          • ob_trx_idle_timeout
          • ob_trx_lock_timeout
          • ob_trx_timeout
          • optimizer_capture_sql_plan_baselines
          • optimizer_use_sql_plan_baselines
          • parallel_max_servers
          • parallel_servers_target
          • performance_schema
          • plugin_dir
          • plsql_optimize_level
          • query_cache_size
          • query_cache_type
          • read_only
          • recyclebin
          • resource_manager_plan
          • secure_file_priv
          • sql_auto_is_null
          • sql_mode
          • sql_quote_show_create
          • sql_safe_updates
          • sql_select_limit
          • sql_throttle_current_priority
          • sql_throttle_network
          • sql_throttle_priority
          • sql_throttle_rt
          • sql_warnings
          • system_time_zone
          • time_zone
          • transaction_isolation
          • transaction_read_only
          • tx_isolation
          • tx_read_only
          • version
          • version_comment
          • wait_timeout
          • validate_password_check_user_name
          • validate_password_length
          • validate_password_mixed_case_count
          • validate_password_number_count
          • validate_password_policy
          • validate_password_special_char_count
          • server_uuid
          • default_storage_engine
          • ob_enable_rich_error_msg
          • cte_max_recursion_depth
          • regexp_stack_limit
          • event_scheduler
          • regexp_time_limit
          • log_row_value_options
          • ob_max_read_stale_time
          • parallel_degree_policy
          • parallel_degree_limit
          • parallel_min_scan_time_threshold
          • optimizer_dynamic_sampling
          • runtime_filter_type
          • runtime_filter_wait_time_ms
          • runtime_filter_max_in_num
          • runtime_bloom_filter_max_size
          • optimizer_features_enable
          • ob_default_lob_inrow_threshold
          • ob_enable_pl_cache
        • Session-level variables
          • is_result_accurate
          • last_insert_id
          • nls_language
          • ob_capability_flag
          • ob_enable_show_trace
          • ob_last_schema_version
          • ob_org_cluster_id
          • ob_proxy_partition_hit
          • ob_proxy_set_trx_executed
          • ob_trace_info
          • timestamp
          • tracefile_identifier
          • ob_max_read_stale_time
          • parallel_degree_policy
          • parallel_degree_limit
          • parallel_min_scan_time_threshold
          • optimizer_dynamic_sampling
          • runtime_filter_type
          • runtime_filter_wait_time_ms
          • runtime_filter_max_in_num
          • runtime_bloom_filter_max_size
    • Error codes
      • MySQL mode
        • Overview
        • 0001 to 3999
        • 4000 to 4499
        • 4500 to 4999
        • 5000 to 5999
        • 6000 to 6999
        • 7000 to 7999
        • 8000 to 8999
        • 9000 to 9499
        • 9500 to 9999
        • 10000 to 12000
        • 22998, 30926, 38104, and 38105
      • Oracle mode
        • Overview
        • ORA-00000 to ORA-00999
        • ORA-01000 to ORA-01499
        • ORA-01500 to ORA-01999
        • ORA-02000 to ORA-04999
        • ORA-05000 to ORA-10000
        • ORA-10000 to ORA-19999
        • ORA-20000 to ORA-29999
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SQL - V 4.3.0
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ORA-20000 to ORA-29999

Last Updated:2026-04-15 08:30:02  Updated
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Applicability

This topic applies only to OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition. OceanBase Database Community Edition provides only MySQL mode.

ORA-20000: '%.*s' invalid partition name

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 11002

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The partition name '%.*s' is incorrect.

  • Solution: Check whether the partition name '%.*s' is correct and complies with the naming rules. Make sure that the partition name is valid.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.3.0.

ORA-20000: The stored procedure 'raise_application_error' was called which causes this error to be generated", "ORA%06ld: %.*s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 20000

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The error code of RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR defined by the stored procedure is called.

  • Solution: Fix the problem based on the description in the error message, or contact the application administrator or database administrator for more information.

ORA-21000: error number argument to raise_application_error of stringstring is out of range

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 21000

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The error code of RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR is out of range.

ORA-21560: argument %.*s is null, invalid, or out of range

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5934

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The passed argument value is NULL, invalid, or out of range. For example, the value of the LOB/FILE positional or size argument exceeds the range of 1 to (4 GB – 1), or files are opened in invalid open modes.

  • Solution: Check and correct the program to ensure that no NULL, invalid, or out-of-range value is passed.

ORA-22003: value is out of range

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 4157

  • SQLSTATE: 22003

  • Cause: An unexpected communication error occurred while executing the specified TCP/IP function func. The return code of the TCP/IP function is rc, and the argument of the func function is parm.

  • Solution: Contact OceanBase Technical Support for troubleshooting.

ORA-22369: invalid parameter encountered in method %s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5955

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: An invalid parameter is being passed to SYS, including SYS.AnyType, SYS.AnyData, and SYS.AnyDataSet.

  • Solution: Check the parameters being passed and make sure that the parameters are allowed.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ORA-22370: incorrect usage of method %s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5956

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: SYS.AnyType, SYS.AnyData, or SYS.AnyDataSet is being used inappropriately.

  • Solution: Make sure that the usage is correct.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ORA-22625: OCIAnyData is not well-formed

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5965

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You are attempting to use OCIAnyData without initializing or constructing it.

  • Solution: Use OCIAnyDataBeginConstruct to initialize the handle before attributes are added. Use OCIAnyDataEndConstruct to complete the construction. Alternatively, use OCIAnyDataConvert to perform the construction. Make sure that OCIAnyData is properly constructed before it accesses attributes.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ORA-22626: Type Mismatch while constructing or accessing OCIAnyData

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5957

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The provided type did not match the type of AnyData. If the operation is attempting to do piecewise construction or access, the type provided does not match the type of the current attribute.

  • Solution: Make sure that the type provided matches the type of object to be constructed or accessed.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ORA-22627: tc [%s] must be that of object/varray/nested table

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5966

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The type code is not that of the object/varray/nested table.

  • Solution: Make sure that the type code is OCI_TYPECODE_OBJECT, OCI_TYPECODE_VARRAY, or OCI_TYPECODE_TABLE.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ORA-22806: not an object or REF

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5477
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The item is neither an object nor a REF.
  • Solution: Use an object or REF and retry the operation.

ORA-22816: unsupported feature with RETURNING clause

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9573

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The object type column does not support the RETURNING clause, LONG column, remote tables, and INSERT and INSTEAD OF triggers with subqueries.

  • Solution: Use independent statements to obtain values.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ORA-22858: invalid alteration of datatype

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 7414
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The data type cannot be changed or the specified new data type is invalid.
  • Solution:
    1. Check whether the data type can be changed and make sure that the specified new data type is valid.
    2. Check the size of the data to be changed and make sure that all data can be accommodated in the new data type.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.0.

ORA-22859: invalid modification of columns

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 7415
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The column or table schema cannot be modified.
  • Solution:
    1. Confirm whether the table schema can be modified before you perform modifications.
    2. Confirm whether the column attributes can be modified before you perform modifications.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.0.

ORA-22859: Expected XML tag, got no content

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 7416
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The XML data lacks tag content.
  • Solution:
    1. Make sure that the XML data is valid and all tags have content.
    2. Make sure that the XML format is valid and all tags are correctly nested and closed.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.0.

ORA-22866: cannot replace a type with table dependents

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 11006

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You cannot replace a type with table dependencies.

  • Solution: Delete all tables that depend on the current type and try again.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.2.

ORA-22901: cannot compare VARRAY or LOB attributes of an object type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 7432

  • SQLSTATE: 42000

  • Cause: You are attempting to compare the VARRAY or LOB attributes of an object type without the MAP or ORDER method.

  • Solution: Define the MAP or ORDER method for the object type.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.2.

ORA-22902: CURSOR expression not allowed

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9766

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The output parameter is not a bind variable.

  • Solution: Check the use method of the output parameter and make sure that the output parameter is a bind variable.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.3.0.

ORA-22903: MULTISET expression not allowed

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9716
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The MULTISET expression is not allowed.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-22907: invalid CAST to a type that is not a nested table or VARRAY

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9717
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The CAST operation was performed on something other than a nested table or VARRAY type.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-22922: LOB value does not exist

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 7419
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The LOB value that you tried to access does not exist.
  • Solution: Make sure that the table or index that contains the LOB value exists or can be restored.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.0.

ORA-22928: invalid privilege on directories

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5374

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You are attempting to grant or revoke a directory operation privilege that is invalid for directories.

  • Solution: You can grant or revoke only the CREATE, DELETE, READ, WRITE, and EXECUTE privileges on directories. Do not grant or revoke other privileges.

ORA-22950: cannot ORDER objects without MAP or ORDER method

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 7412
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The MAP or ORDER method is not specified for the comparison of objects.
  • Solution:
    1. Specify the MAP or ORDER method in the definition of an object for sorting. You can use the MAP method to map an object to a scalar value, and use the ORDER method to compare the values of two objects.
    2. If you cannot specify the MAP or ORDER method, you can modify the sorting method. For example, you can use other columns for sorting.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.0.

ORA-22990: LOB locators cannot span transactions

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9715

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The LOB locator cannot span transactions in writing.

  • Solution: Assign another value to the LOB locator before performing the write operation.

ORA-22998: CLOB or NCLOB in multibyte character set not supported

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 22998

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: CLOB or NCLOB data in a fixed-width or variable-width multi-byte character set is passed to an SQL character function that does not support multi-byte LOB data.

  • Solution: Use a DBMS_LOB function such as DBMS_LOB.INSTR() and DBMS_LOB.SUBSTR(), or use PL/SQL statements DBMS_LOB.READ/WRITE to access LOB data.

ORA-23413: table %s.%s does not have a materialized view log

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9755

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: Fast refreshes are not supported because the primary table does not have a materialized view log.

  • Solution: Create the corresponding materialized view log.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.2.

ORA-23420: the parameter %s must evaluate to a time in the future

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9764

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The interval parameter evaluates to a value earlier than the time returned by CURRENT_DATE.

  • Solution: Select an expression that evaluates to a value later than the time returned by CURRENT_DATE.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.2.

ORA-23481: unexpected name string'%.*s'

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5932

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The name string is invalid.

ORA-23538: cannot explicitly refresh a NEVER REFRESH materialized view (%s)

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9761

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You are attempting to explicitly perform a NEVER REFRESH MV operation.

  • Solution: Do not perform this refresh operation, or remove the materialized view from the list.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.2.

ORA-24323: value not allowed

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 7297

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: An empty or invalid value is passed to a parameter.

  • Solution: Make sure that valid values are correctly passed to all required parameters.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.2.

ORA-23538: cannot explicitly refresh a NEVER REFRESH materialized view (%s)

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9761

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You are attempting to explicitly perform a NEVER REFRESH MV operation.

  • Solution: Do not perform this refresh operation, or remove the materialized view from the list.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.2.

ORA-24234: unable to get source of string \'%.*s\'.\'%.*s\', insufficient privileges or does not exist

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5962

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The specified PL/SQL object in a DBMS_PREPROCESSOR subprogram did not exist, or you did not have the privileges required to view its source.

  • Solution: Make sure that the specified object exists and you have the privileges required to view its source.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ORA-24235: bad value for object type: %.*s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5961

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Source: The specified object type was not appropriate.

  • Solution: Make sure that the specified object type is one of the following types: package, package body, procedure, function, trigger, type, and type body.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ORA-24236: source text is empty

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5960

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The input source text provided for a DBMS_PREPROCESSOR subprogram was empty.

  • Solution: Pass non-empty input source text as the input.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ORA-24323: value not allowed

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 7297

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: An empty or invalid value is passed to a parameter.

  • Solution: Make sure that valid values are correctly passed to all required parameters.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.2.

ORA-24334: no descriptor for this position

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5973

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The application was trying to get a descriptor of an illegal position from a handle.

  • Solution: Check the position number.

ORA-24381: error(s) in array DML

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5883

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: One or multiple rows in the DML statement failed.

  • Solution: Refer to the error stack in the error handle.

ORA-24761: transaction rolled back

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 6002

  • SQLSTATE: 40000

  • Cause: The transaction is rolled back.

ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: transaction context does not exist

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 6213

  • SQLSTATE: 40000

  • Cause: The transaction is rolled back because the transaction context does not exist.

ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: transaction is killed

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 6211

  • SQLSTATE: 25000

  • Cause: The transaction is rolled back because the transaction is terminated.

ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: partition is frozen

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 6214

  • SQLSTATE: 25000

  • Cause: The transaction is rolled back because the partition is frozen.

ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: Transaction exiting

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 6223

  • SQLSTATE: 25000

  • Cause: The transaction is rolled back because the transaction already exists.

ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: transaction needs rollback

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 6224

  • SQLSTATE: 25000

  • Cause: The transaction is rolled back as required.

ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: transaction idle timeout

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 6278

  • SQLSTATE: 25000

  • Cause: The transaction is rolled back because the transaction timed out.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: transaction context count reach limit

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 6234

  • SQLSTATE: 25000

  • Cause: The transaction is rolled back because the transaction context count reaches the limit.

ORA-25002: cannot create INSTEAD OF triggers on tables

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9572

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You cannot create an INSTEAD OF trigger on a table.

  • Solution: Create an INSTEAD OF trigger on a view, or create a DML trigger on a table.

ORA-25004: WHEN clause is not allowed in INSTEAD OF triggers

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9571

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The WHEN clause is specified in an INSTEAD OF trigger.

  • Solution: Delete the WHEN clause when you create an INSTEAD OF trigger.

ORA-25005: cannot CREATE INSTEAD OF trigger on a read-only view

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9663

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You cannot create an INSTEAD OF trigger on a read-only view.

  • Solution: Create the INSTEAD OF trigger on a non-read-only view.

ORA-25009: Nested tableclause allowed only for INSTEAD OF triggers

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9569

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: Nested table clauses are allowed only in INSTEAD OF triggers.

  • Solution: Define nested table triggers by using the nested table columns of a view.

ORA-25021: cannot reference a trigger defined on another table

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9705

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The referenced trigger in the FOLLOWS clause was defined on another table.

  • Solution: Create the referenced trigger on the same table.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ORA-25022: cannot reference a trigger of a different type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9706

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The referenced trigger in the FOLLOWS or PRECEDES clause was either a different type or not a compound trigger.

  • Solution: Create the referenced trigger as the same type or as a compound trigger.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ORA-25023: Cyclic trigger dependency is not allowed

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9707

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: Cyclic trigger dependency was formed.

  • Solution: Do not create a trigger that can form cyclic dependency.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ORA-25025: cannot specify PRECEDES clause

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9708

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The PRECEDES clause was specified when a regular trigger was created.

  • Solution: Do not create a regular trigger with a PRECEDES clause.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ORA-25128: No insert/update/delete on table with constraint disabled and validated

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5795

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to perform an insert, update, or delete operation on a table with the DISABLE VALIDATE constraint.

  • Solution: Change the status of the constraint.

ORA-25129: cannot modify constraint (%.*s) - no such constraint

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5800

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The specified constraint does not exist in the table.

ORA-25137: Data value %s out of range in '%s'

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 4157

  • SQLSTATE: 22003

  • Cause: After conversion, the operand value is greater than the target value.

  • Solution: Increase the target value.

ORA-25154: Column part of using clause can not have qualifier

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5619

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A column used to name a join, such as the NATURAL join or a join that uses the USING clause, cannot contain explicit qualifiers.

  • Solution: Delete the qualifiers.

ORA-25156: old style outer join (+) cannot be used with ANSI joins

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5625

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: If a query block uses an ANSI style join, the old-style join + used to specify an outer join cannot be used.

  • Solution: Use an ANSI style to specify an outer join.

ORA-25405: Transaction state unknown

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 6222

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A failure occurred when a transaction is committed. The transaction status may not be automatically checked during failover.

  • Solution: Manually check the transaction status.

ORA-28001: the password has expired

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 4366

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The user account has expired, and the password must be changed.

  • Solution: Change the password or contact the database administrator.

ORA-28101: policy already exists

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9718
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The strategy already exists.
  • Solution: Check whether the strategy has been added or use a different strategy name.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28102: policy does not exist

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9719
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The strategy does not exist.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28103: adding a policy to an object owned by SYS is not allowed

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9720
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: You cannot add strategies to objects owned by the sys tenant.
  • Solution: Do not perform this operation.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28104: input value for %s is not valid

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9721
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The input value of the parameter is invalid.
  • Solution: Specify a valid parameter value.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28105: cannot create security relevant column policy in an object view

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9722
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: Security-related column strategies cannot be created in an object view.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28106: input value for argument %s is not valid

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9723
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The input value of the parameter is invalid or missing.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28107: policy was disabled

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9724
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The strategy was disabled.
  • Solution: Enable the strategy before using it.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28108: circular security policies detected

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9725
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: Strategies on the same object are mutually referenced.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28109: the number of related policies has exceeded the limit of 16

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9726
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The strategies on an object has exceeded the upper limit.
  • Solution: Drop one or more strategies.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28110: policy function or package %.*s.%.*s has error

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9727
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The policy function or package is incorrect, has been deleted, or is no longer valid.
  • Solution: Check the status of the feature and correct the problem, or create a new strategy with a valid feature.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28111: insufficient privilege to evaluate policy predicate

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9728
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The owner of the strategy function does not have privilege to access the object.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28112: failed to execute policy function

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9729
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The strategy function cannot be executed. One or more errors occurred during the execution of the strategy function.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28113: policy predicate has error

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9730
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The strategy predicate has encountered an error.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28116: insufficient privileges to do direct path access

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9731
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: You do not have sufficient privileges to access the path directly.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28117: integrity constraint violated * parent record not found

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9732
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The parent record cannot be found because the integrity constraint is violated.
  • Solution: Make sure that the updated foreign key value is visible at the parent level.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28118: policy group already exists

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9733
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The strategy group already exists.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28119: policy group does not exist

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9734
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The strategy group does not exist.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28120: driving context already exists

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9735
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The driving context already exists.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28121: driving context does not exist

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9736
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The driving context does not exist.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28122: can not update SYS_DEFAULT policy group

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9737
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The SYS_DEFAULT strategy group cannot be updated.
  • Solution: Do not create or drop the SYS_DEFAULT strategy group. Such operations are not allowed.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28123: Driving context %.*s,%.*s contains invalid group %.*s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9738
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The driving context contains an invalid group.
  • Solution: Make sure that a valid strategy group is passed to DBMS_SESSION.SET_CONTEXT when the driving context of the strategy is initialized.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28124: Column %.*s in sec_relevant_cols cannot be of an object data type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9739
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The column in sec_relevant_cols cannot be of an object data type.
  • Solution: Make sure that none of the columns specified in sec_relevant_cols are of an object data type or XML type.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28125: A protected base column was referenced in an unprotected virtual column expression

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9740
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: A protected base column was referenced in an unprotected virtual column expression.
  • Solution: Check the strategy definition and ensure that the virtual columns are also protected.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28126: Attribute association failed for policy %.*s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9741
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The attribute association of the strategy failed.
  • Solution: Specify a context attribute of a local application.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28132: The MERGE INTO syntax does not support the security policy

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9742
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: The MERGE INTO syntax does not support security strategies.
  • Solution:
    • If you do not have the privilege to modify security strategies, use INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE DML statements instead of the MERGE INTO statement on tables with defined security strategies.
    • If you have the privilege to modify security strategies, redefine the security strategy so that its statement_types include all DML statement types, including INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE, or ensure that the strategy has no security-related columns.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-28115: policy with check option violation

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5789

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The security flag written into data is invalid.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ORA-28106: input value for argument #%d is not valid

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9687

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The input value for the argument is invalid.

ORA-28264: Client identifier is too long

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9688

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The client ID is longer than 64 bytes in length.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V3.2.4.

ORA-28265: Namespace beginning with 'SYS_' is not allowed

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9690

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A context namespace beginning with 'SYS_' was not allowed.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V3.2.4.

ORA-28267: The maximum size specified by the _session_context_size parameter was exceeded

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9691

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The number of key-value pairs for a session-based context exceeds the upper limit specified by _session_context_size.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V3.2.4.

ORA-28268: Invalid NameSpace Value

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9689

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The name of the context namespace was invalid.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V3.2.4.

ORA-29253: Invalid count argument passed to procedure dbms_sql.define_array

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9679

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The count argument specified in the call to the procedure define_array of the dbms_sql package had an invalid value. Invalid values are negative numbers and nulls. The argument value must be a positive integer.

  • Solution: Correct your PL/SQL program so that only valid arguments are passed to define the array and try again.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ORA-29257: host %.*s unknown

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5928

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The specified host is unknown.

  • Solution: Check the spelling of the host name or the IP address, and ensure that the host name and the IP address are valid.

ORA-29261: bad argument

  • Error codes in OceanBase Database: 5951 and 5968

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A wrong argument is passed to the PL API.

  • Solution: Check the arguments passed to the PL API, and try again.

ORA-29295: invalid mime header tag

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5970

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: An error occurred while scanning the string for the mime header tag.

  • Solution: Verify that the source data is a valid mime header string in the format of charset/encoding/encoded string.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ORA-29357: %s %.*s already exists

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 4702

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The parameter name CREATE_CATEGORY of the CREATE_PLAN, CREATE_CDB_PLAN, or CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP program, or of the DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER program package is already in use.

  • Solution: Specify an unused parameter name.

ORA-29358: resource plan %.*s does not exist

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 4703

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: An invalid plan name is specified for the UPDATE_PLAN or UPDATE_CDB_PLAN parameter of the DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER program package.

  • Solution: Specify a valid plan name.

ORA-29361: value %ld for %s is outside valid range of 0 to 100

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 4704

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: An invalid value is specified for the plan directive parameter.

  • Solution: Specify a value ranging from 0 to 100.

ORA-29362: plan directive %.*s, %.*s does not exist

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 4705

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A nonexistent plan directive is specified for UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE or UPDATE_CDB_PLAN_DIRECTIVE of the DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER program package.

  • Solution: Specify an existing plan directive.

ORA-29364: plan directive %.*s, %.*s already exists

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 4706

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You are attempting to create a plan directive that already exists.

  • Solution: Use another value and try again.

ORA-29366: plan directive name '%.*s' not supported

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 4707

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The plan directive name is not supported.

ORA-29368: consumer group %.*s does not exist

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 4710

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A nonexistent consumer group is specified.

  • Solution: Specify an existing consumer group.

ORA-29471: DBMS_SQL access denied

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5856

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: Access to DBMS_SQL is denied for security considerations.

  • Solution: Obtain more information from the alert logs and trace file.

ORA-29474: DBMS_SQL.OPEN_CURSOR failed. security_level of 0 is not allowed

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9677

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The security level of 0 is specified for DBMS_SQL.OPEN_CURSOR.

  • Solution: Specify a valid security level.

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ORA-20000: '%.*s' invalid partition name
ORA-20000: The stored procedure 'raise_application_error' was called which causes this error to be generated", "ORA%06ld: %.*s
ORA-21000: error number argument to raise_application_error of stringstring is out of range
ORA-21560: argument %.*s is null, invalid, or out of range
ORA-22003: value is out of range
ORA-22369: invalid parameter encountered in method %s
ORA-22370: incorrect usage of method %s
ORA-22625: OCIAnyData is not well-formed
ORA-22626: Type Mismatch while constructing or accessing OCIAnyData
ORA-22627: tc [%s] must be that of object/varray/nested table
ORA-22806: not an object or REF
ORA-22816: unsupported feature with RETURNING clause
ORA-22858: invalid alteration of datatype
ORA-22859: invalid modification of columns
ORA-22859: Expected XML tag, got no content
ORA-22866: cannot replace a type with table dependents
ORA-22901: cannot compare VARRAY or LOB attributes of an object type
ORA-22902: CURSOR expression not allowed
ORA-22903: MULTISET expression not allowed
ORA-22907: invalid CAST to a type that is not a nested table or VARRAY
ORA-22922: LOB value does not exist
ORA-22928: invalid privilege on directories
ORA-22950: cannot ORDER objects without MAP or ORDER method
ORA-22990: LOB locators cannot span transactions
ORA-22998: CLOB or NCLOB in multibyte character set not supported
ORA-23413: table %s.%s does not have a materialized view log
ORA-23420: the parameter %s must evaluate to a time in the future
ORA-23481: unexpected name string'%.*s'
ORA-23538: cannot explicitly refresh a NEVER REFRESH materialized view (%s)
ORA-24323: value not allowed
ORA-23538: cannot explicitly refresh a NEVER REFRESH materialized view (%s)
ORA-24234: unable to get source of string \'%.*s\'.\'%.*s\', insufficient privileges or does not exist
ORA-24235: bad value for object type: %.*s
ORA-24236: source text is empty
ORA-24323: value not allowed
ORA-24334: no descriptor for this position
ORA-24381: error(s) in array DML
ORA-24761: transaction rolled back
ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: transaction context does not exist
ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: transaction is killed
ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: partition is frozen
ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: Transaction exiting
ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: transaction needs rollback
ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: transaction idle timeout
ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: transaction context count reach limit
ORA-25002: cannot create INSTEAD OF triggers on tables
ORA-25004: WHEN clause is not allowed in INSTEAD OF triggers
ORA-25005: cannot CREATE INSTEAD OF trigger on a read-only view
ORA-25009: Nested tableclause allowed only for INSTEAD OF triggers
ORA-25021: cannot reference a trigger defined on another table
ORA-25022: cannot reference a trigger of a different type
ORA-25023: Cyclic trigger dependency is not allowed
ORA-25025: cannot specify PRECEDES clause
ORA-25128: No insert/update/delete on table with constraint disabled and validated
ORA-25129: cannot modify constraint (%.*s) - no such constraint
ORA-25137: Data value %s out of range in '%s'
ORA-25154: Column part of using clause can not have qualifier
ORA-25156: old style outer join (+) cannot be used with ANSI joins
ORA-25405: Transaction state unknown
ORA-28001: the password has expired
ORA-28101: policy already exists
ORA-28102: policy does not exist
ORA-28103: adding a policy to an object owned by SYS is not allowed
ORA-28104: input value for %s is not valid
ORA-28105: cannot create security relevant column policy in an object view
ORA-28106: input value for argument %s is not valid
ORA-28107: policy was disabled
ORA-28108: circular security policies detected
ORA-28109: the number of related policies has exceeded the limit of 16
ORA-28110: policy function or package %.*s.%.*s has error
ORA-28111: insufficient privilege to evaluate policy predicate
ORA-28112: failed to execute policy function
ORA-28113: policy predicate has error
ORA-28116: insufficient privileges to do direct path access
ORA-28117: integrity constraint violated * parent record not found
ORA-28118: policy group already exists
ORA-28119: policy group does not exist
ORA-28120: driving context already exists
ORA-28121: driving context does not exist
ORA-28122: can not update SYS_DEFAULT policy group
ORA-28123: Driving context %.*s,%.*s contains invalid group %.*s
ORA-28124: Column %.*s in sec_relevant_cols cannot be of an object data type
ORA-28125: A protected base column was referenced in an unprotected virtual column expression
ORA-28126: Attribute association failed for policy %.*s
ORA-28132: The MERGE INTO syntax does not support the security policy
ORA-28115: policy with check option violation
ORA-28106: input value for argument #%d is not valid
ORA-28264: Client identifier is too long
ORA-28265: Namespace beginning with 'SYS_' is not allowed
ORA-28267: The maximum size specified by the _session_context_size parameter was exceeded
ORA-28268: Invalid NameSpace Value
ORA-29253: Invalid count argument passed to procedure dbms_sql.define_array
ORA-29257: host %.*s unknown
ORA-29261: bad argument
ORA-29295: invalid mime header tag
ORA-29357: %s %.*s already exists
ORA-29358: resource plan %.*s does not exist
ORA-29361: value %ld for %s is outside valid range of 0 to 100
ORA-29362: plan directive %.*s, %.*s does not exist
ORA-29364: plan directive %.*s, %.*s already exists
ORA-29366: plan directive name '%.*s' not supported
ORA-29368: consumer group %.*s does not exist
ORA-29471: DBMS_SQL access denied
ORA-29474: DBMS_SQL.OPEN_CURSOR failed. security_level of 0 is not allowed
ORA-20000: '%.*s' invalid partition name
ORA-20000: The stored procedure 'raise_application_error' was called which causes this error to be generated", "ORA%06ld: %.*s
ORA-21000: error number argument to raise_application_error of stringstring is out of range
ORA-21560: argument %.*s is null, invalid, or out of range
ORA-22003: value is out of range
ORA-22369: invalid parameter encountered in method %s
ORA-22370: incorrect usage of method %s
ORA-22625: OCIAnyData is not well-formed
ORA-22626: Type Mismatch while constructing or accessing OCIAnyData
ORA-22627: tc [%s] must be that of object/varray/nested table
ORA-22806: not an object or REF
ORA-22816: unsupported feature with RETURNING clause
ORA-22858: invalid alteration of datatype
ORA-22859: invalid modification of columns
ORA-22859: Expected XML tag, got no content
ORA-22866: cannot replace a type with table dependents
ORA-22901: cannot compare VARRAY or LOB attributes of an object type
ORA-22902: CURSOR expression not allowed
ORA-22903: MULTISET expression not allowed
ORA-22907: invalid CAST to a type that is not a nested table or VARRAY
ORA-22922: LOB value does not exist
ORA-22928: invalid privilege on directories
ORA-22950: cannot ORDER objects without MAP or ORDER method
ORA-22990: LOB locators cannot span transactions
ORA-22998: CLOB or NCLOB in multibyte character set not supported
ORA-23413: table %s.%s does not have a materialized view log
ORA-23420: the parameter %s must evaluate to a time in the future
ORA-23481: unexpected name string'%.*s'
ORA-23538: cannot explicitly refresh a NEVER REFRESH materialized view (%s)
ORA-24323: value not allowed
ORA-23538: cannot explicitly refresh a NEVER REFRESH materialized view (%s)
ORA-24234: unable to get source of string \'%.*s\'.\'%.*s\', insufficient privileges or does not exist
ORA-24235: bad value for object type: %.*s
ORA-24236: source text is empty
ORA-24323: value not allowed
ORA-24334: no descriptor for this position
ORA-24381: error(s) in array DML
ORA-24761: transaction rolled back
ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: transaction context does not exist
ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: transaction is killed
ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: partition is frozen
ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: Transaction exiting
ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: transaction needs rollback
ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: transaction idle timeout
ORA-24761: transaction rolled back: transaction context count reach limit
ORA-25002: cannot create INSTEAD OF triggers on tables
ORA-25004: WHEN clause is not allowed in INSTEAD OF triggers
ORA-25005: cannot CREATE INSTEAD OF trigger on a read-only view
ORA-25009: Nested tableclause allowed only for INSTEAD OF triggers
ORA-25021: cannot reference a trigger defined on another table
ORA-25022: cannot reference a trigger of a different type
ORA-25023: Cyclic trigger dependency is not allowed
ORA-25025: cannot specify PRECEDES clause
ORA-25128: No insert/update/delete on table with constraint disabled and validated
ORA-25129: cannot modify constraint (%.*s) - no such constraint
ORA-25137: Data value %s out of range in '%s'
ORA-25154: Column part of using clause can not have qualifier
ORA-25156: old style outer join (+) cannot be used with ANSI joins
ORA-25405: Transaction state unknown
ORA-28001: the password has expired
ORA-28101: policy already exists
ORA-28102: policy does not exist
ORA-28103: adding a policy to an object owned by SYS is not allowed
ORA-28104: input value for %s is not valid
ORA-28105: cannot create security relevant column policy in an object view
ORA-28106: input value for argument %s is not valid
ORA-28107: policy was disabled
ORA-28108: circular security policies detected
ORA-28109: the number of related policies has exceeded the limit of 16
ORA-28110: policy function or package %.*s.%.*s has error
ORA-28111: insufficient privilege to evaluate policy predicate
ORA-28112: failed to execute policy function
ORA-28113: policy predicate has error
ORA-28116: insufficient privileges to do direct path access
ORA-28117: integrity constraint violated * parent record not found
ORA-28118: policy group already exists
ORA-28119: policy group does not exist
ORA-28120: driving context already exists
ORA-28121: driving context does not exist
ORA-28122: can not update SYS_DEFAULT policy group
ORA-28123: Driving context %.*s,%.*s contains invalid group %.*s
ORA-28124: Column %.*s in sec_relevant_cols cannot be of an object data type
ORA-28125: A protected base column was referenced in an unprotected virtual column expression
ORA-28126: Attribute association failed for policy %.*s
ORA-28132: The MERGE INTO syntax does not support the security policy
ORA-28115: policy with check option violation
ORA-28106: input value for argument #%d is not valid
ORA-28264: Client identifier is too long
ORA-28265: Namespace beginning with 'SYS_' is not allowed
ORA-28267: The maximum size specified by the _session_context_size parameter was exceeded
ORA-28268: Invalid NameSpace Value
ORA-29253: Invalid count argument passed to procedure dbms_sql.define_array
ORA-29257: host %.*s unknown
ORA-29261: bad argument
ORA-29295: invalid mime header tag
ORA-29357: %s %.*s already exists
ORA-29358: resource plan %.*s does not exist
ORA-29361: value %ld for %s is outside valid range of 0 to 100
ORA-29362: plan directive %.*s, %.*s does not exist
ORA-29364: plan directive %.*s, %.*s already exists
ORA-29366: plan directive name '%.*s' not supported
ORA-29368: consumer group %.*s does not exist
ORA-29471: DBMS_SQL access denied
ORA-29474: DBMS_SQL.OPEN_CURSOR failed. security_level of 0 is not allowed