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Start on Cloud

A unified distributed database ready for your transactional, analytical, and AI workloads.

DEPLOY YOUR WAY

OceanBase Cloud

The best way to deploy and scale OceanBase

OceanBase Enterprise

Run and manage OceanBase on your infra

TRY OPEN SOURCE

OceanBase Community Edition

The free, open-source distributed database

OceanBase seekdb

Open source AI native search database

Customer Stories

Real-world success stories from enterprises across diverse industries.

View All
BY USE CASES

Mission-Critical Transactions

Global & Multicloud Application

Elastic Scaling for Peak Traffic

Real-time Analytics

Active Geo-redundancy

Database Consolidation

Comprehensive knowledge hub for OceanBase.

Blog

Live Demos

Training & Certification

Documentation

Official technical guides, tutorials, API references, and manuals for all OceanBase products.

View All
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OceanBase Database

SQL - V4.3.0

  • What's New
  • What is OceanBase Database
    • Overview
    • Differences between the Enterprise Edition and the Community Edition
    • System architecture
    • Compatibility with Oracle
      • Compatibility with Oracle
      • SQL data types
      • Built-in functions
      • System views
    • Compatibility with MySQL
    • Limitations
  • Get Started
    • Try out OceanBase Database Community Edition
    • Learn OceanBase SQL
      • Before you begin
      • Basic SQL operations (MySQL mode)
      • Basic SQL operations (Oracle mode)
    • Build a sample application (Oracle mode)
      • Build a Java application
      • Build a C application
    • Build a sample application (MySQL mode)
      • Build a Python application
      • Build a Java application
      • Build a C application
      • Build a Go application
    • Try out advanced features of OceanBase Database
      • Scalable OLTP
        • Run the TPC-C benchmark in OceanBase Database
        • Try out the hot row update capability of OceanBase Database
      • Try out operational OLAP
      • Try out parallel import and data compression
      • Try out the multi-tenant feature
    • Video tutorials
  • Develop
    • Develop applications (MySQL mode)
      • Connect to OceanBase Database
        • Overview
        • Connect to an OceanBase tenant by using the mysql client
        • Connect to an OceanBase tenant by using OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using DBeaver
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Navicat
        • Use database connection pool
          • Database connection pool configuration
          • Connect to OceanBase Database by using a Tomcat connection pool
          • c3p0
          • Proxool
          • HikariCP
          • DBCP
          • Commons Pool
          • Druid
      • Sample applications
        • Java
          • Spring Boot
          • Spring Batch
          • Spring Data JDBC
          • Spring Data JPA
          • Hibernate
          • MyBatis
          • Connector/J
          • TestContainers
        • Python
          • mysqlclient
          • PyMySQL
          • MySQL-connector-python
        • C
          • MySQL Connector/C
        • Go
          • Go-SQL-Driver/MySQL
          • GORM
        • PHP
          • EXT
          • MySQLi
          • PDO
      • Plan database objects
        • Create a database
        • Create a table group
        • Create a table
        • Create an index
        • Create an external table
      • Write data
        • Insert data
        • Update data
        • Delete data
        • Replace data
        • Generate test data in batches
      • Read data
        • Single-table queries
        • Join tables
          • INNER JOIN queries
          • FULL JOIN queries
          • LEFT JOIN queries
          • RIGHT JOIN queries
          • Subqueries
          • Lateral derived table
        • Use operators and functions in queries
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use numerical functions in queries
          • Use string concatenation operators in queries
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use datetime functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use the CASE conditional operator in queries
          • Use the SELECT ... FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
          • Use the SELECT ... LOCK IN SHARE MODE statement to lock query results
        • Use a DBLink in queries
        • Set operations
      • Transactions
        • Overview
        • Start a transaction
        • Savepoints
          • Mark a savepoint
          • Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
          • Release a savepoint
        • Commit a transaction
        • Roll back a transaction
      • Application errors
        • Troubleshooting guidelines
          • About error codes
          • Error handling specifications for MySQL-compatible applications
        • Common errors and troubleshooting practices
          • Disconnected from the server, with ERROR 2013 reported
          • Idle transaction timed out, with ERROR 6002 reported
          • Transaction timed out, with ERROR 4012 reported
          • User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
          • Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
          • Table already exists, with ERROR 1050 reported
          • Table does not exist, with ERROR 1146 reported
          • Duplicate data inserted, with ERROR 1062 reported
          • ERROR 1215 reported in foreign key addition
          • Data truncated while being inserted, with ERROR 1265 reported
    • Develop applications (Oracle mode)
      • Connect to OceanBase Database
        • Overview
        • Connect to an OceanBase tenant by using OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
        • Use database connection pool
          • Database connection pool configuration
          • Tomcat
          • c3p0
          • Proxool
          • HikariCP
          • DBCP
          • Commons Pool
          • Druid
      • Sample applications
        • Java
          • OceanBase Connector/J
          • Spring Boot
          • Spring Batch
          • Spring Data JDBC
          • Spring Data JPA
          • Hibernate
          • MyBatis
          • JFinal
        • C/C++
          • OceanBase Connector/C
          • OceanBase Connector/ODBC
          • SqlSugar
      • Plan database objects
        • Create a table group
        • Create a table
        • Create an index
        • Create an external table
      • Write data
        • Insert data
        • Update data
        • Delete data
        • Replace data
        • Generate test data in batches
      • Read data
        • Single-table queries
        • Join tables
          • INNER JOIN queries
          • FULL JOIN queries
          • LEFT JOIN queries
          • RIGHT JOIN queries
          • Subqueries
        • Use operators and functions in queries
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use numerical functions in queries
          • Use string concatenation operators in queries
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use datetime functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use CASE functions in queries
          • Use the SELECT...FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
        • Use a DBLink in queries
        • Set operations
      • Transactions
        • Overview
        • Start a transaction
        • Savepoints
          • Mark a savepoint
          • Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
        • Commit a transaction
        • Roll back a transaction
      • Application errors
        • Troubleshooting guidelines
          • About error codes
          • Error handling specifications for Oracle-compatible applications
        • Common errors and troubleshooting practices
          • Idle transaction timed out, with Error ORA-24761 reported
          • Transaction timed out, with Error ORA-00600 reported
          • User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
          • Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
          • Table already exists, with Error ORA-00955 reported
          • Table does not exist, with Error ORA-04043 reported
          • Duplicate data inserted, with Error ORA-00001 reported
          • Error ORA-00600 reported in foreign key addition
          • Inconsistent data types, with Error ORA-00932 reported
  • Deploy
    • Overview
    • High availability deployment solutions for OceanBase clusters
    • Deploy OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition
      • Deployment process
      • Before deployment
        • Prepare servers
        • Server configuration
        • Prepare the installation packages
        • Deploy OAT
      • Deploy through GUI
        • Configure deployment environment using OAT
          • Add a server
        • Deploy OCP
          • Overview
          • Upload installation packages
          • Create MetaDB
          • Deploy OCP
        • Deploy OceanBase clusters using OCP
          • Deploy a two-replica OceanBase cluster with the arbitration service by using OCP
          • Deploy a single-replica OceanBase cluster by using OCP
          • Deploy a three-replica OceanBase cluster by using OCP
        • (Optional) Deploy ODP
      • Deploy through CLI
        • Configure deployment environment
          • Initialize an OBServer node using oatcli
          • (Optional) Configure the clock source
        • Deploy OceanBase clusters using CLI
          • Deploy an OceanBase cluster with two replicas and arbitration service using the CLI
          • Deploy a single-replica OceanBase cluster using the CLI
          • Deploy a three-replica OceanBase cluster using the CLI
        • (Optional) Deploy ODP
    • Deploy OceanBase Database Community Edition
      • Overview
      • Deploy locally
        • Software and hardware requirements
        • Before deployment
          • (Optional) Check resources
          • (Optional) Set password-free SSH logon
          • (Optional) Configure the clock source
          • (Optional) Perform disk planning
          • (Optional) Configure limits.conf
          • (Optional) Configure sysctl.conf
          • (Optional) Disable the firewall and SELinux
          • (Optional) Create a user
        • Deploy through GUI
          • Deploy an OceanBase cluster through the GUI of OBD
          • Deploy an OceanBase cluster through the GUI of OCP
        • Deploy OceanBase Database in a production environment by using the command line
        • Deploy OceanBase Database by using systemd
      • Deploy OceanBase Database in a Kubernetes cluster
    • Delete old clusters
  • Migrate
    • Overview
    • Migrate from MySQL databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use mydumper and myloader to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database using CloudCanal
      • Use Canal to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use Flink CDC to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use ChunJun to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to MySQL databases
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use OMS to migrate incremental data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Synchronize data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using Canal
      • Migrate data from a MySQL OceanBase database to a MySQL database using CloudCanal
      • Use Flink CDC to migrate data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Migrate data from a MySQL database in OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using ChunJun
    • Migrate from Oracle databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle database to an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to Oracle databases
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
    • Migrate from DB2 databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a DB2 LUW database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a DB2 LUW database to an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate table schemas from a DB2 LUW database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to DB2 databases
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database to a DB2 LUW database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to a DB2 LUW database
    • Migrate from TiDB databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a TiDB database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from PostgreSQL databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a PostgreSQL database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from CSV files to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate CSV files to OceanBase Database
      • Import data by using the LOAD DATA statement
    • Import data from SQL files to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate data between OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an OceanBase tenant to another of the same type
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an OceanBase tenant to another of the same type in active-active disaster recovery scenarios
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between MySQL tenants in OceanBase Database
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from a MySQL tenant to an Oracle tenant in OceanBase Database
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between Oracle tenants in OceanBase Database
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from an Oracle tenant to a MySQL tenant in OceanBase Database
    • Migrate data using SQL statements
      • Migrate data between tables
      • Migrate resource units
      • Export data by using OUTFILE statements
    • Bypass import
      • Overview
      • Import data in bypass mode by using the LOAD DATA statement
      • Import data in bypass mode by using the INSERT INTO SELECT statement
  • Manage
    • Log on to an OceanBase tenant
    • Manage clusters
      • Overview
      • Cluster parameters
      • Common cluster operations
        • View a zone
        • View a node
        • Restart a node
        • Add a node
        • Delete a node
        • Isolate a node
        • Replace a node
        • Add a zone
        • Start a zone
        • Delete a zone
        • Modify a zone
        • Isolate a zone
        • View cluster parameters
        • Modify cluster parameters
        • Reset a cluster parameter
      • Troubleshoot common problems
        • Failures of a minority of nodes
        • Failures of the majority of nodes
    • Manage tenants
      • Tenant introduction
      • Tenant capacity
      • Tenant types
      • User tenant introduction
      • Tenant system variables
      • Common tenant operations
        • Create a tenant
        • Resource isolation
          • Resource isolation overview
          • Manage resource isolation (Oracle mode)
            • Configure cgroups
            • Calibrate the disk performance
            • Configure user-level resource isolation
            • Configure SQL statement-level resource isolation
            • Update a resource management plan config
            • Delete a resource management plan config
            • Delete a resource management plan
            • Delete a resource group
            • Clear cgroup configurations
          • Manage resource isolation (MySQL mode)
            • Configure cgroups
            • Calibrate the disk performance
            • Configure user-level resource isolation
            • Configure SQL statement-level resource isolation
            • Update a resource management plan config
            • Delete a resource management plan config
            • Delete a resource management plan
            • Delete a resource group
            • Clear cgroup configurations
        • View tenant and resource information
        • View and set the tenant allowlist
        • View tenant system variables
        • Modify system variables of a tenant
        • Scale in/out
          • Introduction to scaling in/out
          • Modify the unit configs for a tenant
          • Modify the number of resource units for a tenant
          • Modify the number of primary zones for a tenant
        • Modify attributes of a resource pool
        • Modify attributes of a tenant
        • Lock and unlock a tenant
        • Clone a tenant
        • Cancel tenant cloning
        • Drop a tenant
        • Recover a tenant
        • Rename a tenant
        • Manage resource pools
          • View resource pool information
          • Allocate a resource pool to a tenant
          • Remove resource pools from a tenant
          • Merge and split resource pools
          • Drop a resource pool
        • Manage unit configs
          • Query unit configs
          • Modify unit configs
          • Drop unit configs
    • Manage replicas
      • Overview
      • Replica distribution
        • Locality
        • Common locality operations
          • View locality
          • Modify locality
          • Add replicas
          • Remove replicas
          • Adjust the distribution of replicas
          • View the locality change history
          • Migrate units
      • Traffic distribution
      • Data distribution
    • High availability
      • High availability overview
      • Multi-replica disaster recovery
        • Data link introduction
        • ODP high availability
        • Database-level high availability
        • Disaster recovery architecture and levels
      • Physical standby database disaster recovery
        • Overview
        • Limitations
        • Create a standby tenant
          • Preparations
          • Create an empty standby tenant
          • Create a standby tenant by using the backup and recovery feature
          • Create a standby tenant by using the BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG feature
        • Log transmission service
          • Overview
          • Configure log transmission service
            • Configure the log restore source
            • Set the log recovery endpoint
          • View log restore source information
          • View the log synchronization progress
          • Pause or resume log synchronization
          • Optimize the log synchronization performance
          • Set the log synchronization bandwidth limit
          • Set log synchronization compression
        • Log storage service
        • Switch roles
          • Overview of tenant roles
          • Switchover
          • Failover
        • Drop primary and standby tenants
      • Arbitration high availability
        • Overview
        • Enable the arbitration service for a tenant
        • Disable the arbitration service for a tenant
        • Modify the log stream downgrade control time
        • Query log stream upgrade/downgrade information
        • Replace the arbitration service for a cluster
        • Remove the arbitration service for a cluster
        • Clear residual cluster information
      • Manage recycle bin
        • Overview
        • Enable or disable the recycle bin
        • View objects in the recycle bin
        • Restore objects from the recycle bin
        • Purge the recycle bin
      • Flashback queries
    • Security and permissions
      • Overview
      • Identification and authentication
        • MySQL mode
          • Identity authentication
          • Password complexity
          • Logon failure processing
        • Oracle mode
          • Identity authentication
          • Password complexity
          • Logon failure processing
      • Access control
        • Overview
        • Users and permissions
          • Overview
          • MySQL mode
            • Create a user
            • Privilege types in MySQL mode
            • Grant privileges
            • Privilege delegation
            • Query user privileges
            • Modify user privileges
            • Lock or unlock a user
            • Drop a user
          • Oracle mode
            • Privilege types in Oracle mode
            • Create a user
            • View the information of a user
            • Grant direct privileges
            • Privilege delegation
            • Manage roles
              • Overview
              • Create a role
              • Grant a role to another role
              • Grant a role to a user
              • Activate or deactivate roles for a user
              • View roles
              • Modify a role
              • Revoke a role
              • Drop a role
            • Grant indirect privileges
            • Query user privileges
            • Modify user privileges
            • Lock or unlock a user
            • Drop a user
        • Network security access control
        • Row-level access control
        • RPC connection authentication
      • Data transmission encryption
        • Overview
        • OBServer transmission encryption
        • ODP transmission encryption
      • Transparent data encryption
        • Overview
        • MySQL mode
          • Enable transparent data encryption for new tables
          • Enable transparent data encryption for existing tables
          • Decrypt a table
        • Oracle mode
          • Enable transparent data encryption for new tables
          • Enable transparent data encryption for existing tables
          • Decrypt a table
      • Security audit
        • Overview
        • Enable security audit
        • Set and view audit rules
        • View audit records
        • Audit user logon operations
        • Audit user operations
        • Audit specified database objects
    • Backup and restore
      • Introduction to physical backup and restore
      • Experience physical backup and restore with simplified deployment
      • Deploy NFS
      • Log archive
        • Overview
        • Prepare for log archiving
        • Enable ARCHIVELOG
        • Suspend archiving
        • Disable ARCHIVELOG
        • View information about pieces
        • View the archiving progress
        • View the archiving history
        • View archiving parameter settings
        • Change the log archive destination
        • Views related to log archiving
      • Data backup
        • Overview
        • Prepare for the backup
        • Initiate a full data backup job
        • Initiate an incremental data backup job
        • Stop a backup job
        • View the data backup progress
        • View the data backup history
        • View data backup parameter settings
        • Change the backup destination
        • Views for monitoring backup progress and results
      • Clear backup data
        • Automatic cleanup of expired backups
        • Stop backup cleanup
        • Query the backup cleanup progress
        • Query the backup cleanup history
        • Backup cleanup parameter
        • Views related to backup cleanup
      • Restore data
        • Preparations
        • Perform physical restore
        • Cancel physical restore
        • View the physical restore progress
        • View physical restore results
        • Replay logs to a standby tenant
        • Convert a standby tenant into primary tenant
        • Upgrade a tenant after restore
        • Physical restore parameters
        • Views related to physical restore
      • Restore by table
        • Preparations
        • Restore data by table
        • Cancel table restore
        • View the table restore progress
        • View the table restore result
        • Parameters related to table restore
        • Views related to table restore
      • Optimize backup and restore performance
    • Monitor
      • Overview
      • Metrics
        • System monitoring
          • Overview
          • Metrics
          • Wait events
          • Latch events
        • SQL monitoring
          • Overview
          • SQL audit
          • Execution plans
      • Cases
    • Logs
      • Overview
      • Log levels
      • Log stability
      • Log control
      • Log metrics
      • View logs
        • Search for the logs of a specific SQL request
        • Query the log of a previous SQL request by using the SQL Trace feature
    • Performance tuning
      • Overview
      • Identify bottlenecks on the data link
      • Identify bottlenecks within components
        • ODP performance bottlenecks
        • ODP performance analysis
        • OBServer performance bottlenecks
          • Overview
          • Non-optimal plan
            • Non-optimal plan
            • Buffer tables
            • Cardinality
          • Hard parsing
          • Capacity issues
          • Internal wait events
      • SQL tuning
        • SQL tuning system
        • Execution plan optimization
          • Statistical information and row estimation
            • Overview
            • Statistical information
              • Overview
              • Collect statistical information
                • Overview
                • Manually collect statistics
                • Automatic statistics collection
              • Query statistics
              • Manage statistical information
                • Overview
                • Delete and set statistics
                • Import and export statistics
                • Lock statistics
                • Query historical versions of statistics and roll back to a specified version
                • Configure statistics collection strategies
            • Row estimation
              • Overview
              • Row estimation based on the selectivity
              • Row estimation based on the storage layer
            • Use statistical information and row estimation
          • Plan management
            • Plan cache
            • Disadvantages of the plan cache and countermeasures
            • Views related to the plan cache
          • Index selection
            • Overview
            • Reduce row reads
            • Avoid table access by index primary key
            • Avoid sorting
          • Join order and join algorithm
            • Joins
            • Join algorithm
              • Nested loop joins
              • Hash joins
              • Merge joins
              • Common business issues
            • Join types
            • Join order
          • Order and limit optimization
            • Overview
            • SORT assignment and optimization
            • Optimization in ORDER BY + LIMIT scenarios
        • Business logic optimization
          • SQL specifications
          • Schema specifications
        • Locate and analyze slow queries I
        • Locate and analyze slow queries (II)
        • Typical scenarios and cases
    • Daily inspection
      • Overview
      • Check cluster parameters
      • Check the host status
      • Check tenant resource usage
      • Check cluster resource usage
      • Check the OBServer node status
      • Check the NTP offset
      • Deadlock detection
      • End-to-end tracing
        • Overview
        • Process
        • Methods
        • Show end-to-end tracing information
    • Troubleshooting
      • Overview
      • Bootstrap
      • Storage
        • Minor compaction and major compaction
        • Memory-related errors
        • Migration, replication, and rebuild tasks
      • Election
        • Election
        • Leader switchover exceptions
        • Absence of the leader
      • Transaction
        • Transaction-related errors
        • Transaction rollbacks
        • Long-running transactions
        • Suspended transactions
        • Idle transactions
      • Log synchronization-related errors
      • Physical standby database
        • Log synchronization stuck for the physical standby database
        • Switchover failures
      • Backup and restore
        • Data backup failures
        • Physical restore failures
      • Troubleshoot SQL execution errors
      • Application exception -- error message does not contain OceanBase error code
      • Application exception -- error message contains an OceanBase error code
    • Emergency response
      • Emergency response overview
      • Analysis, diagnosis, and decision-making procedure
      • Common emergency problem handling
        • Hardware issues
          • Node failure
          • Network failure
          • ODP failure
          • Other hardware and network issues
        • Capacity issues
          • Exceptions of SQL queries
          • Node disk I/O high
          • Node network card overload
          • Tenant memory full
          • obproxy thread exhaustion
          • Node clog disk full
          • Node data disk full
          • Tenant request queue backlog
        • Other cluster issues
          • sys tenant or RootService exceptions
          • Insufficiency or leakage of system memory
  • Reference
    • System principles
      • Overall architecture of OceanBase Database
      • Development of OceanBase Database
      • Multi-tenant architecture
        • Overview
        • Compatibility modes
        • Tenants
        • Tenants and resource management
          • Tenant resource management
          • Multi-tenant resource isolation
          • Resource unit balancing
      • Database objects
        • Oracle mode
          • Introduction
            • Overview
            • Database object types
            • Database object storage
            • Dependencies between database objects
          • Tables
            • Overview
            • Data type
              • Overview
              • Character data types
              • Numeric data types
              • Datetime data types
              • ROWID data types
              • LOB data types
              • Multi-model data types
              • Format model
                • Overview
                • Number format models
                • Datetime format models
            • Integrity constraints
            • Table storage
            • Table compression
            • Partitioned table
            • Tables with and without a primary key
            • Temporary tables
          • Indexes
            • Overview
            • Local and global indexes
            • Unique and non-unique indexes
            • Use indexes
            • Index storage
          • Partitions
            • Overview
            • Partitioning keys
            • Partitioning types
            • Partitioned indexes
          • Views
            • Views in a database
            • Standard views
              • Standard views
              • Overview
              • OceanBase-specific views
              • Oracle-compatible views
              • View operations and data access
            • Materialized views
              • Materialized views
              • Materialized view logs
              • Creation and update strategies for materialized views
          • Other objects
            • Sequences
            • Synonyms
          • System views
            • Dictionary views
            • Performance views
          • Data integrity
            • Overview
            • Integrity constraint type
              • Overview
              • NOT NULL constraints
              • UNIQUE KEY constraints
              • PRIMARY KEY constraints
              • FOREIGN KEY constraints
              • CHECK constraints
            • Use of integrity constraints
        • MySQL mode
          • Introduction
            • Overview
            • Database object types
            • Database object storage
            • Dependencies between database objects
          • Tables
            • Overview
            • Data type
              • Overview
              • Numeric data types
              • Datetime data types
              • Character data types
              • LOB data types
              • Multi-model data types
              • Spatial data types
              • JSON data types
            • Integrity constraints
            • Table storage
            • Table compression
            • Partitioned table
            • Tables with and without a primary key
          • Indexes
            • About indexes
            • Local and global indexes
            • Unique and non-unique indexes
            • Spatial indexes
            • Use indexes
            • Index storage
          • Partitions
            • Overview
            • Partitioning keys
            • Partitioning types
            • Partitioned indexes
          • Views
            • Views in a database
            • Standard views
              • Overview
              • Overview
              • OceanBase-specific views
              • MySQL-compatible views
              • Oracle-compatible views in MySQL tenants
              • Oracle-compatible views in the sys tenant
              • View operations and data access
            • Materialized views
              • Materialized views
              • Materialized view logs
              • Creation and update strategies for materialized views
          • System views
            • Dictionary views
            • Performance views
          • Data integrity
            • Overview
            • Integrity constraint type
              • Overview
              • NOT NULL constraints
              • UNIQUE KEY constraints
              • PRIMARY KEY constraints
              • FOREIGN KEY constraints
            • Use of integrity constraints
      • Distributed database objects
        • Overview
        • Cluster architecture
        • Data partitions and replicas
          • Overview
          • Log streams
          • Partition replica type
            • Overview
            • Full-featured replica
            • Read-only replicas
          • Multi-replica consensus protocols
          • Data balancing
            • Intra-tenant balancing
            • Views and parameters related to data balancing
        • Dynamic scaling
          • Cluster scaling
          • Tenant resource scaling
            • Overview
            • Horizontal scaling of tenant resources
            • Vertical scaling of tenant resources
            • Cross-zone management of tenant resources
      • Data link
        • Overview
        • Database proxy
          • Overview
          • SQL routing
          • Connection management
          • ODP configuration management
          • Logs and monitoring
        • Database connector
          • Overview
          • OBCI
          • OceanBase Connector/J
          • OceanBase Connector/C
      • User interface and query language
        • SQL
          • Introduction
            • Overview
            • SQL data access
            • SQL standards
          • SQL statements
            • Overview
            • DDL statements
            • DML statements
            • DCL statements
          • Execution process of SQL queries
          • Query SQL execution plans
          • Distributed execution plan
            • Perform distributed execution and parallel queries
            • Generate distributed execution plans
            • Run and disable a parallel query
            • Manage distributed execution plans
            • Perform parameter tuning for a parallel query
        • PL
          • PL concepts
            • Oracle mode
              • Subprograms
              • Stored procedures
              • Functions
              • Triggers
              • Packages
            • MySQL mode
              • Subprograms
              • Stored procedures
              • Functions
              • Triggers
          • PL subprogram execution mechanism
        • Client programming languages
      • Transaction management
        • Transaction
          • Overview
          • Transaction structure
          • Statement-level atomicity
          • GTS
          • Transaction control
            • Overview
            • Active transactions
            • Savepoint
            • Transaction control statements
              • MySQL transaction control
              • Oracle transaction control
          • Redo logs
          • Local transactions
          • Distributed transaction
            • Overview
            • Two-phase commit
          • XA transactions
        • Transaction concurrency and consistency
          • Overview
          • Multi-version read consistency
          • Concurrency control
            • Overview
            • Lock mechanism
          • Transaction isolation level
            • Overview
            • Transaction isolation levels in Oracle mode
            • Transaction isolation levels in MySQL mode
          • Weak consistency read
      • Storage architecture
        • Overview
        • Data storage
          • Overview
          • MemTables
          • SSTables
          • Columnar storage
          • Compression and encoding
        • Compaction
          • Overview
          • Minor compaction
          • Major compaction
        • Multi-level caches
        • Query processing
        • Data integrity
          • Detect silent data corruption
      • Data reliability and high availability
        • High availability architecture
          • Overview
          • ODP high availability
          • Leader election in distributed systems
          • Multi-replica log synchronization
          • Paxos protocol
          • Automatic handling of node failures
        • Deployment solutions for disaster recovery
        • Data protection
          • Overview
          • Flashback queries
          • Recycle bin
        • Backup and restore
          • Overview
          • Backup directory structures
          • Backup architecture
          • Restore architecture
        • Arbitration-based high availability solution
        • Physical Standby Database solution
      • Database security
        • Overview
        • Authentication
        • Access control
        • Data transmission encryption
        • Data storage encryption
        • Monitoring and alerting
        • Security audit
      • OBServer node architecture
        • Structure of the OBServer node installation directory
        • Configuration files
        • observer thread model
          • Threads
          • Worker threads
          • Background threads
        • Logs
        • Memory management
          • Overview
          • Memory-related parameters
          • Memory-related views
          • Memory usage logs
          • Diagnose memory errors
    • System management
      • Configuration management
        • Overview
        • Set parameters
        • Set variables
      • Storage management
        • Minor compaction management
          • Overview
          • Automatically trigger a minor compaction
          • Manually initiate a minor compaction
          • View dump information
          • Modify minor compaction parameters
        • Major compaction management
          • Overview
          • Automatically trigger a major compaction
          • Configure scheduled major compactions
          • Adaptive major compaction
          • Manually initiate a major compaction
          • View merge information
          • Manually control a major compaction
          • Modify major compaction settings
        • Data compression
          • Overview
          • Data encoding and compression
      • Memory management
        • Overview
        • Memory structure
        • Set the maximum memory for an OceanBase database
        • Manage internal system memory
        • Memory management within a tenant
        • Manage the memory of the plan cache
        • Memleak-based regular memory leak diagnostics mechanism
        • Query memory usage information
        • Common memory issues
      • Process management
        • Overview
        • Multi-tenant threads of OceanBase Database
        • View the thread status
        • Background threads of OceanBase Database
        • FAQ about multi-tenant threads
      • Disk management
        • Configure automatic scale-out of disk space for data files
    • Database object management
      • Overview
      • MySQL mode
        • Create and manage databases
          • Create a database
          • View databases
          • Modify a database
          • Drop a database
        • Create and manage tables
          • Overview
          • Create a table
          • Column skip index attribute
          • Define an auto-increment column
          • Define column constraints
          • Query the table definition
          • Modify a table
          • Empty a table
          • Drop a table
          • Lock a table
          • Create and manage external tables
            • Overview
            • Create an external table
            • Manage external files
        • Create and manage partitions
          • Overview
          • Create a partitioned table
          • Modify partitioning rules
          • Add a partition
          • Drop a partition
          • Truncate a partition
          • Partition pruning
          • Query data in specified partitions
          • Create indexes on partitioned tables
            • Overview
            • Local indexes
            • Global indexes
        • Create and manage table groups
          • Overview
          • Create a table group
          • Query information about a table group
          • Add tables to a table group
          • Modify the SHARDING attribute of a table group
          • Manage tables in a table group
          • Drop a table group
        • Create and manage indexes
          • Overview
          • Create an index
          • Query indexes
          • Monitor indexes
          • Drop an index
          • System functions supported for function-based indexes
          • System functions not supported for function-based indexes
        • Manage views
          • Manage standard views
          • Manage materialized views
            • Materialized views
              • Overview
              • Create a materialized view
              • Query a materialized view
              • Drop a materialized view
              • Refresh a materialized view
            • Materialized view logs
              • Overview
              • Create a materialized view log
              • Drop a materialized view log
        • Create and manage sequences
          • Create a sequence
          • Query sequences
          • Reference a sequence
          • Modify a sequence
          • Drop a sequence
        • Create and manage triggers
          • Overview
          • Create a DML trigger
          • Query trigger information
          • Drop a trigger
        • Create and manage DBLinks
          • Create a DBLink
          • Query a DBLink
          • Use a DBLink to access data in a remote database
          • Drop a DBLink
      • Oracle mode
        • Create and manage tables
          • Overview
          • Create a table
          • Column skip index attribute
          • Define column constraints
          • Query the definition of a table
          • Modify a table
          • Empty a table
          • Drop a table
          • Lock a table
          • Create and manage external tables
            • Overview
            • Create an external table
            • Manage external files
        • Create and manage partitions
          • Overview
          • Create a partitioned table
          • Modify partitioning rules
          • Rename a partition
          • Add a partition
          • Drop a partition
          • Truncate a partition
          • Partition pruning
          • Query data in specified partitions
          • Create indexes on partitioned tables
            • Overview
            • Local indexes
            • Global indexes
        • Create and manage table groups
          • Overview
          • Create a table group
          • Query information about a table group
          • Add tables to a table group
          • Modify the SHARDING attribute of a table group
          • Manage tables in a table group
          • Drop a table group
        • Create and manage indexes
          • Overview
          • Create an index
          • Query indexes
          • Monitor indexes
          • Drop an index
          • System functions supported for function-based indexes
          • System functions not supported for function-based indexes
        • Manage views
          • Manage standard views
          • Manage materialized views
            • Materialized views
              • Overview
              • Create a materialized view
              • Query a materialized view
              • Drop a materialized view
              • Refresh a materialized view
            • Materialized view logs
              • Overview
              • Create a materialized view log
              • Drop a materialized view log
        • Manage sequences
        • Manage synonyms
        • Create and manage triggers
          • Overview
          • Create a DML trigger
          • Create an INSTEAD OF trigger
          • Create a composite trigger
          • Modify and drop a trigger
          • Disable or enable a trigger
          • Query trigger information
        • Manage directory objects
        • Create and manage DBLinks
          • Create a DBLink
          • Query existing DBLinks
          • Use a DBLink to access data in a remote database
          • Use a DBLink to modify data in a remote database
          • Drop a DBLink
          • Install and configure OCI
    • Database design specifications and practices
      • Object naming conventions
        • Overview
        • Tenant naming conventions
        • User naming conventions
        • Table naming conventions
        • Field naming conventions
        • Other naming conventions
      • Object structure design specifications
        • Field design
        • Table structure design
        • Partitioned table design
        • Index design
        • Other structural designs
      • Character set specifications
      • Database connection specifications
      • Comments
      • ORM conventions
      • Exception handling
    • SQL reference
      • SQL syntax
        • System tenants
          • Overview
          • ALTER SYSTEM
            • ACTIVATE STANDBY
            • SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST
            • SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE
            • ARCHIVELOG
            • NOARCHIVELOG
            • ARBITRATION
            • BOOTSTRAP
            • BACKUP KEY
            • BACKUP
            • BALANCE TASK
            • CANCEL BACKUP
            • CANCEL CLONE
            • CANCEL DELETE BACKUP
            • CANCEL MIGRATE UNIT
            • CHANGE TENANT
            • CANCEL RESTORE
            • CANCEL RECOVER TABLE
            • MAJOR and MINOR
            • MIGRATE UNIT
            • DELETE BACKUP POLICY
            • FLUSH PLAN CACHE
            • JOB
            • SET LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
            • PARAMETER
            • RECOVER STANDBY
            • RECOVER STANDBY CANCEL
            • REFRESH
            • RESTORE
            • RECOVER TABLE
            • SET DATA_BACKUP_DEST
            • SERVER
            • SWITCHOVER
            • THROTTLE
            • WASH MEMORY FRAGMENTATION
            • ZONE
          • ALTER RESOURCE POOL
          • ALTER RESOURCE TENANT
          • ALTER RESOURCE UNIT
          • ALTER TENANT
          • CREATE RESOURCE POOL
          • CREATE RESOURCE UNIT
          • CREATE TENANT
          • CREATE STANDBY TENANT
          • DROP RESOURCE POOL
          • DROP RESOURCE UNIT
          • DROP TENANT
          • SET DECRYPTION
          • SET ENCRYPTION
        • User tenants (MySQL mode)
          • Basic elements
            • Data types
              • Overview
              • Numeric types
                • Overview
                • Integer data types
                • Fixed-point data types
                • Floating-point data types
                • Bit value data type
              • Datetime types
                • Overview
                • DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP types
                • TIME type
                • YEAR type
              • String types
                • Overview
                • CHAR and VARCHAR
                • BINARY and VARBINARY
              • Large objects and text types
                • Overview
                • BLOB types
                • TEXT types
                • LOB type
              • ENUM type
              • SET type
              • JSON data types
                • Overview
                • Create a JSON value
                • Query and modify JSON values
                • Convert a JSON data type
              • Spatial data types
                • Overview
                • SRS
                • Create a spatial column
                • Create a spatial index
                • Spatial data formats
            • Expressions
              • Overview
              • Expression syntax
              • Convert data types in expression evaluation
            • Character set and collation
              • Overview
              • Character sets
              • Collations
              • Database-level character sets and collations
              • Table-level character sets and collations
              • Column-level character sets and collations
              • Character sets and collations for character expressions
              • Character sets and collations for client connection
            • Literals
              • Overview
              • Strings
              • Numbers
              • Datetime values
              • Bit values
              • Boolean values
              • NULLs
            • Schema object names
            • User-defined variables
            • Comments
          • Operators
            • Overview
            • Operator precedence
            • Arithmetic operators
            • Bitwise operators
            • Comparison operators
            • Logical operators
            • Assignment operators
            • Date and time operators
            • Concatenation operators
            • BINARY operator
            • CASE conditional operator
          • Sequence pseudocolumns
          • Functions
            • Overview
            • Single-row functions
              • Datetime functions
                • ADDDATE
                • CONVERT_TZ
                • CURDATE
                • CURRENT_DATE
                • CURRENT_TIME
                • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                • CURTIME
                • DATE
                • DATE_ADD
                • DATE_FORMAT
                • DATE_SUB
                • DATEDIFF
                • DAYOFMONTH
                • DAYOFWEEK
                • DAYOFYEAR
                • EXTRACT
                • FROM_DAYS
                • FROM_UNIXTIME
                • GET_FORMAT
                • HOUR
                • LAST_DAY
                • LOCALTIME
                • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                • MAKEDATE
                • MAKETIME
                • MICROSECOND
                • MINUTE
                • MONTH
                • MONTHNAME
                • NOW
                • PERIOD_ADD
                • PERIOD_DIFF
                • QUARTER
                • SEC_TO_TIME
                • SECOND
                • STR_TO_DATE
                • SUBDATE
                • SUBTIME
                • SYSDATE
                • TIME
                • TIME_FORMAT
                • TIME_TO_SEC
                • TIME_TO_USEC
                • TIMEDIFF
                • TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMPADD
                • TIMESTAMPDIFF
                • TO_DAYS
                • TO_SECONDS
                • UNIX_TIMESTAMP
                • USEC_TO_TIME
                • UTC_DATE
                • UTC_TIME
                • UTC_TIMESTAMP
                • WEEK
                • WEEKDAY
                • WEEKOFYEAR
                • YEARWEEK
                • YEAR
                • ADDTIME
                • DAYNAME
                • DAY
              • String functions
                • ASCII
                • BIN
                • BIT_LENGTH
                • CHAR
                • CHAR_LENGTH
                • CHARACTER_LENGTH
                • CONCAT
                • CONCAT_WS
                • ELT
                • EXPORT_SET
                • FIELD
                • FIND_IN_SET
                • FORMAT
                • HEX
                • INSERT
                • INSTR
                • INT2IP
                • IP2INT
                • LCASE
                • LEFT
                • LENGTH
                • LOCATE
                • LOWER
                • LPAD
                • LTRIM
                • MAKE_SET
                • MID
                • OCT
                • OCTET_LENGTH
                • ORD
                • POSITION
                • QUOTE
                • REGEXP
                • REGEXP_INSTR
                • REGEXP_LIKE
                • REGEXP_REPLACE
                • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                • REPEAT
                • REPLACE
                • REVERSE
                • RIGHT
                • RLIKE
                • RPAD
                • RTRIM
                • SPACE
                • STRCMP
                • SUBSTR
                • SUBSTRING
                • SUBSTRING_INDEX
                • TRIM
                • UCASE
                • UNHEX
                • UPPER
                • WEIGHT_STRING
                • TO_BASE64
                • FROM_BASE64
                • SOUNDEX
              • Conversion functions
                • CAST
                • CONVERT
                • SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
              • Mathematical functions
                • ABS
                • ACOS
                • ASIN
                • ATAN
                • ATAN2
                • BIT_COUNT
                • CEIL
                • CEILING
                • CONV
                • COS
                • COT
                • CRC32
                • DEGREES
                • EXP
                • FLOOR
                • GENERATOR
                • LN
                • LOG
                • LOG10
                • LOG2
                • MOD
                • NEG
                • PI
                • NORMAL
                • POW
                • POWER
                • RADIANS
                • RAND
                • RANDOM
                • RANDSTR
                • ROUND
                • SIGN
                • SIN
                • SQRT
                • TAN
                • TRUNCATE
                • UNIFORM
                • ZIPF
              • Comparison functions
                • GREATEST
                • INTERVAL
                • ISNULL
                • LEAST
              • Process control functions
                • CASE
                • IF
                • IFNULL
                • NULLIF
                • ORA_DECODE
            • Aggregate functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • COUNT
              • GROUP_CONCAT
              • GROUPING
              • MAX
              • MIN
              • STD
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
            • Analysis functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • COUNT
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • FIRST_VALUE
              • LAG
              • LAST_VALUE
              • LEAD
              • MAX
              • MIN
              • NTH_VALUE
              • NTILE
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • RANK
              • ROW_NUMBER
              • STD
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
            • Encryption functions
              • AES_DECRYPT
              • AES_ENCRYPT
              • COMPRESS
              • DECODE
              • DES_DECRYPT
              • DES_ENCRYPT
              • ENCODE
              • ENCRYPT
              • MD5
              • UNCOMPRESS
              • UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH
              • RANDOM_BYTES
              • SHA
              • SHA1
              • SHA2
              • VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH
            • Information functions
              • BENCHMARK
              • CHARSET
              • COERCIBILITY
              • COLLATION
              • CONNECTION_ID
              • CURRENT_USER
              • DATABASE
              • FOUND_ROWS
              • LAST_INSERT_ID
              • ICU_VERSION
              • OB_TRANSACTION_ID
              • ROW_COUNT
              • SCHEMA
              • SESSION_USER
              • SYSTEM_USER
              • USER
              • VERSION
              • OB_VERSION
            • JSON functions
              • Overview
              • Create JSON text functions
                • JSON_ARRAY
                • JSON_OBJECT
                • JSON_QUOTE
              • Search JSON text functions
                • JSON_CONTAINS
                • JSON_CONTAINS_PATH
                • JSON_EXTRACT
                • JSON_KEYS
                • JSON_OVERLAPS
                • JSON_SEARCH
                • JSON_VALUE
                • MEMBER OF
              • Modify JSON text functions
                • JSON_ARRAY_APPEND
                • JSON_ARRAY_INSERT
                • JSON_INSERT
                • JSON_MERGE
                • JSON_MERGE_PATCH
                • JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE
                • JSON_REMOVE
                • JSON_REPLACE
                • JSON_SET
                • JSON_UNQUOTE
              • Return JSON text property functions
                • JSON_DEPTH
                • JSON_LENGTH
                • JSON_TYPE
                • JSON_VALID
              • JSON_TABLE
              • JSON utility functions
                • JSON_PRETTY
                • JSON_STORAGE_SIZE
              • JSON aggregate functions
                • JSON_ARRAYAGG
                • JSON_OBJECTAGG
            • Spatial functions
              • Functions that create geometry values
              • Spatial operation functions
              • Spatial relation functions
              • Geometry property functions
              • Geometry format conversion functions
            • Performance schema functions
              • FORMAT_BYTES
              • FORMAT_PICO_TIME
            • Other functions
              • ANY_VALUE
              • BIN_TO_UUID
              • COALESCE
              • DEFAULT
              • NAME_CONST
              • INET_ATON
              • INET_NTOA
              • INET6_ATON
              • INET6_NTOA
              • IS_IPV4
              • IS_IPV4_COMPAT
              • IS_IPV6
              • IS_UUID
              • NVL
              • UUID_TO_BIN
              • SLEEP
              • UUID
              • UUID_SHORT
              • VALUES
          • Queries and subqueries
            • Overview
            • Subqueries
            • Joins
          • SQL statements
            • General syntax
            • Common Table Expressions
            • ALTER DATABASE
            • ALTER OUTLINE
            • ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE
            • ALTER SEQUENCE
            • MAJOR and MINOR
            • ALTER TABLE
            • ALTER TABLEGROUP
            • ALTER TABLEGROUP
            • ALTER USER
            • ALTER VIEW
            • ANALYZE
            • CREATE DATABASE
            • CREATE DATABASE LINK
            • CREATE INDEX
            • CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE
            • CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
            • CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
            • CREATE OUTLINE
            • CREATE RESTORE POINT
            • CREATE SEQUENCE
            • CREATE TABLE
            • CREATE TABLEGROUP
            • CREATE TABLESPACE
            • CREATE USER
            • CREATE VIEW
            • DEALLOCATE PREPARE
            • DROP DATABASE LINK
            • DELETE
            • DESCRIBE
            • DROP DATABASE
            • DROP INDEX
            • DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
            • DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
            • DROP OUTLINE
            • DROP TABLE
            • DROP TABLEGROUP
            • DROP TABLESPACE
            • DROP SEQUENCE
            • DROP USER
            • DROP VIEW
            • EXECUTE
            • EXPLAIN
            • FLASHBACK
            • GRANT
            • HELP
            • INSERT
            • KILL
            • LOAD DATA
            • LOCK TABLES
            • MERGE
            • OPTIMIZE
            • PREPARE
            • PURGE
            • PURGE RECYCLEBIN
            • RENAME USER
            • RENAME TABLE
            • REPLACE
            • REVOKE
            • SAVEPOINT
            • SCHEMA
            • SELECT INTO
            • SELECT
              • SELECT statement
              • JOIN clause
              • OVER clause
              • UNION clause
            • SET
            • SET CHARSET
            • SET NAMES
            • SET PASSWORD
            • SET TRANSACTION
            • SHOW
            • TRANSACTION
            • TRUNCATE TABLE
            • UPDATE
            • USE
            • VALUES
          • DDL feature
            • Overview
            • Online and offline DDL operations
            • Index operations
            • Primary key operations
            • Column operations
            • Generated column operations
            • Foreign key operations
            • Table operations
            • Partition operations
            • Column type change rules
            • Conversion rules for numeric data types
        • User tenants (Oracle mode)
          • Introduction to SQL
          • Pseudo columns
            • Overview
            • Hierarchical query pseudocolumns
            • Sequence pseudocolumns
            • ORA_ROWSCN pseudocolumn
            • ROWNUM pseudocolumn
            • ROWID pseudocolumn
          • Basic elements
            • Built-in data types
              • Overview
              • Character data types
                • Overview
                • CHAR data type
                • NCHAR data type
                • NVARCHAR2 data type
                • VARCHAR2 data type
                • VARCHAR data type
              • Numeric data types
                • Overview
                • NUMBER data type
                • FLOAT data type
                • Floating-point numbers
                • Precedence of numeric data types
              • Datetime and interval data types
                • Overview
                • DATE data type
                • TIMESTAMP data type
                • TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE data type
                • TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE data type
                • INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH data type
                • INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND data type
                • Calculation of dates, timestamps, and intervals
              • RAW data type
              • Large object data types
                • Overview
                • BLOB data type
                • CLOB data type
              • Rowid data types
              • User-defined data types
              • Any types
              • JSON data types
                • Overview
                • Create JSON columns
                • Query JSON data
                • Conversion rules for JSON data types
              • XML data types
                • Overview
                • XML data definition
                • Create an XMLType column
                • Query XMLType data
                • Convert XMLType data
            • Data type comparison rules
              • Overview
              • Numeric value comparison rules
              • Date value comparison rules
              • Character value comparison rules
              • Data type precedence
              • Data type conversion rules
              • Security considerations for data conversion
            • Literals
              • Overview
              • Text literals
              • Numeric literals
              • Datetime literals
                • Date literals
                • Timestamp literals
              • Interval literals
            • Format model
              • Overview
              • Number format models
              • Datetime format models
              • RR datetime format element
              • String-to-date conversion rules
            • NULL value
              • Overview
              • NULLs in SQL functions
              • NULLs in comparison conditions
              • NULLs in conditional expressions
            • Annotations
              • Overview
              • Comments within SQL statements
              • Comments on schema and non-schema objects
              • Hints
                • Overview
                • Hint list
                  • Hints related to access path
                  • Hints related to join orders
                  • Hints related to joins
                  • Hints related to parallel execution
                  • Hints related to query strategy
                  • Hints related to query conversion
                  • Other hints
            • Database objects
              • Schema objects
              • Non-schema objects
            • Database naming conventions
              • Overview
              • Suggestions on schema object names
            • Database object reference methods
              • Overview
              • Reference schema objects
              • Reference objects in a remote database
                • Create a DBLink
                • Reference a DBLink
              • Reference partitioned tables and indexes
              • Reference an attribute or method of an object type
            • Character sets and collations
          • Operators
            • Overview
            • Operator precedence
            • Arithmetic operators
            • Concatenation operator
            • Hierarchical query operators
            • Set operators
            • COLLATE operator
          • Functions
            • Overview
            • Single-row functions
              • Numeric functions
                • ABS
                • ACOS
                • ASIN
                • ATAN
                • ATAN2
                • BITAND
                • CEIL
                • COS
                • COSH
                • EXP
                • FLOOR
                • LN
                • GENERATOR
                • LOG
                • MOD
                • NANVL
                • NORMAL
                • POWER
                • REMAINDER
                • ROUND
                • RANDOM
                • RANDSTR
                • SIGN
                • SIN
                • SINH
                • SQRT
                • TAN
                • TANH
                • TRUNC
                • UNIFORM
                • WIDTH_BUCKET
                • ZIPF
              • String functions that return a string
                • CHR
                • CONCAT
                • INITCAP
                • LOWER
                • LPAD
                • LTRIM
                • NLS_LOWER
                • NLSSORT
                • NLS_UPPER
                • REGEXP_REPLACE
                • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                • REPLACE
                • RPAD
                • RTRIM
                • SUBSTR
                • TRANSLATE
                • TRANSLATE ... USING
                • TRIM
                • UPPER
              • String functions that return numbers
                • ASCII
                • INSTR
                • LENGTH
                • REGEXP_COUNT
                • REGEXP_INSTR
              • Datetime functions
                • ADD_MONTHS
                • CURRENT_DATE
                • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                • DBTIMEZONE
                • EXTRACT(datetime)
                • FROM_TZ
                • LAST_DAY
                • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                • MONTHS_BETWEEN
                • NEXT_DAY
                • NUMTODSINTERVAL
                • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
                • ROUND(date)
                • SESSIONTIMEZONE
                • SYS_EXTRACT_UTC
                • SYSDATE
                • SYSTIMESTAMP
                • TO_CHAR(datetime)
                • TO_DSINTERVAL
                • TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
                • TO_YMINTERVAL
                • TRUNC(date)
                • TZ_OFFSET
              • Generic comparison functions
                • GREATEST
                • LEAST
              • Conversion functions
                • ASCIISTR
                • CAST
                • CHARTOROWID
                • CONVERT
                • HEXTORAW
                • NUMTODSINTERVAL
                • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
                • RAWTOHEX
                • ROWIDTOCHAR
                • ROWIDTONCHAR
                • SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
                • TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
                • TO_BINARY_FLOAT
                • TO_BLOB
                • TO_CHAR(character)
                • TO_CHAR(datetime)
                • TO_CHAR(number)
                • TO_CLOB
                • TO_DATE
                • TO_DSINTERVAL
                • TO_MULTI_BYTE
                • TO_NUMBER
                • TO_NCHAR(character)
                • TO_NCHAR(datetime)
                • TO_NCHAR(number)
                • TO_SINGLE_BYTE
                • TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
                • TO_YMINTERVAL
                • UNISTR
              • Encoding and decoding functions
                • DECODE
                • DUMP
                • ORA_HASH
                • VSIZE
              • Null value related functions
                • COALESCE
                • LNNVL
                • NANVL
                • NULLIF
                • NVL
                • NVL2
              • Environment and identifier functions
                • SYS_CONTEXT
                • SYS_GUID
                • UID
                • USER
                • USERENV
                • OB_VERSION
              • Hierarchical functions
                • SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH
              • JSON functions
                • Overview
                • Create JSON text functions
                  • JSON_ARRAY
                  • JSON_OBJECT
                  • JSON_ARRAYAGG
                  • JSON_OBJECTAGG
                • Query JSON text functions
                  • JSON_VALUE
                  • JSON_QUERY
                  • JSON_EXISTS
                  • JSON_TABLE
                • Validate JSON text functions
                  • JSON_EQUAL
                • Modify JSON text functions
                  • JSON_MERGEPATCH
              • XML functions
                • Overview
                • Construct XMLType data functions
                  • XMLAGG
                  • XMLATTRIBUTES
                  • XMLELEMENT
                  • XMLPARSE
                • Query XMLType data functions
                  • EXTRACT
                  • EXTRACTVALUE
                  • XMLSERIALIZE
                  • XMLCAST
                • Modify XMLType data functions
                  • UPDATEXML
            • Aggregate functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • CORR
              • COUNT
              • COVAR_POP
              • COVAR_SAMP
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • GROUPING
              • KEEP
              • LISTAGG
              • MAX
              • MEDIAN
              • MIN
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • PERCENTILE_CONT
              • PERCENTILE_DISC
              • RANK
              • REGR_(Linear Regression)
              • ROLLUP
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
              • GROUP_ID
              • GROUPING_ID
            • Analysis functions
              • Analytic functions
              • AVG
              • CORR
              • COUNT
              • COVAR_POP
              • COVAR_SAMP
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • FIRST_VALUE
              • KEEP
              • LAG
              • LAST_VALUE
              • LEAD
              • LISTAGG
              • MAX
              • MEDIAN
              • MIN
              • NTILE
              • NTH_VALUE
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • PERCENTILE_CONT
              • PERCENTILE_DISC
              • RANK
              • RATIO_TO_REPORT
              • REGR_(Linear Regression)
              • ROW_NUMBER
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
            • Information functions
              • OB_TRANSACTION_ID
          • Expressions
            • Overview
            • Simple expressions
            • Compound expressions
            • Case expressions
            • Column expressions
            • CURSOR expressions
            • Datetime expressions
            • Function expressions
            • Interval expressions
            • Scalar subquery expressions
            • Type constructor expressions
            • Expression list
          • Conditions
            • Overview
            • Condition precedence
            • Comparison conditions
            • Floating-point conditions
            • Logical conditions
            • Pattern-matching conditions
            • NULL conditions
            • Compound conditions
            • BETWEEN condition
            • EXISTS condition
            • IN condition
          • Queries and subqueries
            • Overview
            • Simple query
            • Hierarchical query
            • Compound query
            • Join query
            • Subquery
            • DUAL table query
          • SQL statements
            • DDL
              • ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE
              • ALTER INDEX
              • ALTER KEYSTORE
              • ALTER OUTLINE
              • ALTER PROFILE
              • ALTER ROLE
              • ALTER SEQUENCE
              • ALTER SESSION
              • ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH PLAN CACHE
              • ALTER SYSTEM PARAMETER
              • ALTER TABLE
              • ALTER TABLEGROUP
              • ALTER USER
              • CREATE CONTEXT
              • CREATE DIRECTORY
              • CREATE DATABASE LINK
              • CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE
              • CREATE INDEX
              • CREATE KEYSTORE
              • CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
              • CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
              • CREATE OUTLINE
              • CREATE PROFILE
              • CREATE ROLE
              • CREATE SEQUENCE
              • CREATE SYNONYM
              • CREATE TABLE
              • CREATE TABLEGROUP
              • CREATE TABLESPACE
              • CREATE USER
              • CREATE VIEW
              • DROP CONTEXT
              • DROP DATABASE LINK
              • DROP DIRECTORY
              • DROP INDEX
              • DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
              • DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
              • DROP OUTLINE
              • DROP PROFILE
              • DROP ROLE
              • DROP SEQUENCE
              • DROP SYNONYM
              • DROP TABLE
              • DROP TABLEGROUP
              • DROP TABLESPACE
              • DROP USER
              • DROP VIEW
              • RENAME
              • TRUNCATE TABLE
              • MAJOR and MINOR
            • DML
              • DELETE
              • INSERT
              • MERGE
              • PURGE
              • EXPLAIN
              • SELECT
                • SIMPLE SELECT
                • Set-based SELECT
                • WITH clause
              • UPDATE
            • DCL
              • ANALYZE
              • ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
              • AUDIT
              • COMMENT
              • COMMIT
              • FLASHBACK TABLE BEFORE DROP
              • GRANT
              • KILL
              • LOAD DATA
              • LOCK TABLE
              • REVOKE
              • ROLLBACK
              • SAVEPOINT
              • SET NAMES
              • SET PASSWORD
              • SET ROLE
              • SET VARIABLE
              • SHOW
              • SHRINK
              • TRANSACTION
          • DDL feature
            • Overview
            • Online and offline DDL operations
            • Index operations
            • Primary key operations
            • Column operations
            • Generated column operations
            • Foreign key operations
            • Table operations
            • Partition operations
            • Column type change rules
            • Conversion rules for numeric data types
      • SQL specifications and practices
        • Limitations on writing SQL statements
        • SQL writing specifications
          • SELECT statements
          • DML statements
          • Multi-table join specifications
          • Table scan
          • Transactions
          • Cache
          • Hint
          • Others
        • SQL statement examples
          • Implicit data type conversion
          • Join tables
          • Weak consistency read
          • Pagination queries
      • PL reference
        • What is PL
          • Overview
          • Main features of PL
          • PL architecture
        • PL reference (MySQL mode)
          • Syntax of PL stored programs
          • PL stored procedures
            • Overview
            • Variables in stored programs
            • Stored procedures
            • Stored functions
            • Trigger
            • Limitations on stored programs
          • PL cursors
            • Overview
            • Cursor execution process
            • Limitations on server cursors
          • PL conditional control statements
            • CASE
            • IF
            • ITERATE
            • LEAVE
            • LOOP
            • REPEAT
            • RETURN
            • WHILE
          • PL data manipulation statements
            • CALL
            • DO
          • PL data definition statements
            • ALTER FUNCTION
            • ALTER PROCEDURE
            • CREATE FUNCTION
            • CREATE PROCEDURE
            • CREATE TRIGGER
            • DROP FUNCTION
            • DROP PROCEDURE
            • DROP TRIGGER
          • PL database management statements
            • SHOW CREATE FUNCTION
            • SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE
            • SHOW CREATE TRIGGER
            • SHOW FUNCTION STATUS
            • SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS
            • SHOW TRIGGERS
          • PL related dictionary views
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARAMETERS
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS
          • PL exception handling
            • Overview
            • DECLARE ... CONDITION
            • DECLARE ... HANDLER
            • GET DIAGNOSTICS
            • RESIGNAL
            • SIGNAL
            • Effective scope of an exception handler
            • Diagnostics area
            • Exception handling and OUT/INOUT parameters
            • Limitations on exception handling
          • PL system packages
            • Overview
            • DBMS_MVIEW
              • Overview
              • PURGE_LOG
              • REFRESH
            • DBMS_MVIEW_STAT
              • Overview
              • PURGE_REFRESH_STATS
              • SET_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
              • SET_SYSTEM_DEFAULT
            • DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • CREATE_PLAN
              • CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • DELETE_PLAN
              • DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
              • UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • DBMS_STATS
              • Overview
              • ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • CREATE_STAT_TABLE
              • DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
              • DELETE_INDEX_STATS
              • DELETE_TABLE_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • DELETE_SYSTEM_STATS
              • DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
              • DROP_STAT_TABLE
              • EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
              • GATHER_INDEX_STATS
              • GATHER_TABLE_STATS
              • GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
              • GATHER_SYSTEM_STATS
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • GET_PARAM
              • GET_PREFS
              • IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
              • RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
              • PURGE_STATS
              • SET_COLUMN_STATS
              • SET_INDEX_STATS
              • SET_TABLE_STATS
              • SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
              • SET_PARAM
              • SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • SET_SYSTEM_STATS
              • SET_TABLE_PREFS
              • UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
            • DBMS_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE_MANAGER
              • Overview
              • ADD_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE
              • DELETE_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE
              • UPDATE_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE
            • DBMS_UDR
              • Overview
              • CREATE_RULE
              • DISABLE_RULE
              • ENABLE_RULE
              • REMOVE_RULE
            • DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY
              • Overview
              • ASH_REPORT
              • CREATE_SNAPSHOT
              • DROP_SNAPSHOT_RANGE
              • MODIFY_SNAPSHOT_SETTINGS
            • DBMS_XPLAN
              • Overview
              • DISPLAY_ACTIVE_SESSION_PLAN
              • DISPLAY_CURSOR
              • DISPLAY
              • DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • DISPLAY_SQL_PLAN_BASELINE
              • ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
          • Reserved and non-reserved PL keywords
        • PL reference (Oracle mode)
          • PL language basics
            • Character sets
            • Lexical units
            • Declare
            • Reference identifiers
            • Scope and visibility of identifiers
            • Assign values
            • Expressions
            • PL blocks
            • Subprograms
            • Error-reporting functions
          • PL data types
            • Overview
            • SQL data types
            • LOB data types
            • BOOLEAN type
            • User-defined subtypes
            • PLS_INTEGER and BINARY_INTEGER
            • Arrays
            • PL JSON data types
          • PL process control
            • Overview
            • Conditional control
            • Loop control
            • Sequential control
          • PL collections and records
            • Overview
            • Collections
            • Associative arrays
            • Varrays
            • Nested tables
            • Collection constructor function
            • Collection methods
              • Overview
              • DELETE method
              • TRIM method
              • EXTEND method
              • EXISTS method
              • FIRST and LAST methods
              • COUNT method
              • LIMIT method
              • PRIOR and NEXT methods
            • Records
            • Insert records into a table and update a table by using records
            • Create and call a subprogram with record type parameters
          • PL static SQL
            • Overview
            • Cursors
              • Overview
              • Cursor attributes
              • Implicit cursors
              • Explicit cursors
              • Cursor variables
              • Traverse cursor data by using the FOR loop
              • Modify and drop a cursor
            • Transaction processing and control
            • Autonomous transactions
              • Overview
              • Control autonomous transactions
              • Autonomous triggers
              • Call autonomous functions from SQL statements
          • PL dynamic SQL
            • Overview
            • Execute dynamic SQL statements
            • DBMS_SQL system package
          • PL stored procedures and functions
            • Overview
            • Create a stored procedure
            • Create a function
            • Manage stored procedures and functions
            • Privilege control
            • Pipeline functions
              • Overview
              • Create a pipelined table function
              • Application
            • User-defined functions
              • Overview
              • Interface for user-defined aggregate functions
              • Create user-defined aggregate functions
              • Use user-defined aggregate functions
            • Collection of stored procedure information and its impact on parallel execution of SQL statements
            • PL DBLinks
          • PL triggers
            • Overview
            • Create a DML trigger
            • Modify and drop a trigger
            • Disable or enable a trigger
            • Query trigger information
            • INSTEAD OF DML trigger
            • Compound DML trigger
          • PL packages
            • Overview
            • Create a program package
            • Overloaded programs in a package
            • Manage program packages
            • Definition of the PL environment by the STANDARD package
          • PL exception handling
            • Overview
            • Compile-Time alerts
            • Exception types
            • Exception handling processes
          • DDL operations on stored PL units
            • Overview
            • ALTER FUNCTION
            • ALTER PACKAGE
            • ALTER PROCEDURE
            • ALTER TRIGGER
            • ALTER TYPE
            • CREATE FUNCTION
            • CREATE PACKAGE
            • CREATE PACKAGE BODY
            • CREATE PROCEDURE
            • CREATE TRIGGER
            • CREATE TYPE
            • CREATE TYPE BODY
            • DROP FUNCTION
            • DROP PACKAGE
            • DROP PROCEDURE
            • DROP TRIGGER
            • DROP TYPE
            • DROP TYPE BODY
          • PL label security package
            • Overview
            • SA_SYSDBA policy management package
              • Overview
              • SA_SYSDBA.ALTER_POLICY
              • SA_SYSDBA.CREATE_POLICY
              • SA_SYSDBA.DROP_POLICY
            • SA_COMPONENTS label component package
              • Overview
              • SA_COMPONENTS.ALTER_LEVEL
              • SA_COMPONENTS.CREATE_LEVEL
              • SA_COMPONENTS.DROP_LEVEL
            • SA_LABEL_ADMIN label management package
              • Overview
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.ALTER_LABEL
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.CREATE_LABEL
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.DROP_LABEL
            • SA_POLICY_ADMIN policy management package
              • Overview
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.APPLY_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.DISABLE_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.ENABLE_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.REMOVE_TABLE_POLICY
            • SA_USER_ADMIN user label management package
              • Overview
              • SA_USER_ADMIN.SET_LEVELS
            • SA_SESSION session management package
              • Overview
              • SA_SESSION.LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.RESTORE_DEFAULT_LABELS
              • SA_SESSION.ROW_LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.SET_LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.SET_ROW_LABEL
          • PL system package (Oracle mode)
            • Overview
            • DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO
              • Overview
              • READ_CLIENT_INFO
              • READ_MODULE
              • SET_ACTION
              • SET_CLIENT_INFO
              • SET_MODULE
            • DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT
              • Overview
              • CLEAN_AUDIT_TRAIL
              • CREATE_PURGE_JOB
              • DROP_PURGE_JOB
              • SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP
              • SET_PURGE_JOB_STATUS
            • DBMS_CRYPTO
              • Overview
              • ENCRYPT
              • DECRYPT
              • HASH
            • DBMS_DEBUG
              • Overview
              • ATTACH_SESSION
              • CONTINUE
              • DEBUG_ON
              • DEBUG_OFF
              • DETACH_SESSION
              • DELETE_BREAKPOINT
              • DISABLE_BREAKPOINT
              • ENABLE_BREAKPOINT
              • GET_VALUE
              • GET_VALUES
              • GET_RUNTIME_INFO
              • GET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
              • INITIALIZE
              • PROBE_VERSION
              • PRINT_BACKTRACE
              • SET_TIMEOUT
              • SET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
              • SET_BREAKPOINT
              • SHOW_BREAKPOINTS
            • DBMS_DESCRIBE
              • Overview
              • DESCRIBE_PROCEDURE
            • DBMS_JOB
              • Overview
              • BROKEN
              • CHANGE
              • ZONE
              • INTERVAL
              • NEXT_DATE
              • REMOVE
              • RUN
              • SUBMIT
              • USER_EXPORT
              • WHAT
            • DBMS_LOB
              • Overview
              • APPEND
              • CLOSE
              • COPY
              • CREATETEMPORARY
              • ERASE
              • FREETEMPORARY
              • GETLENGTH
              • ISOPEN
              • INSTR
              • ISTEMPORARY
              • OPEN
              • READ
              • SUBSTR
              • TRIM
              • WRITE
              • WRITEAPPEND
            • DBMS_LOCK
              • Overview
              • ALLOCATE_UNIQUE
              • ALLOCATE_UNIQUE_AUTONOMOUS
              • REQUEST
              • SLEEP
            • DBMS_METADATA
              • Overview
              • GET_DDL
            • DBMS_MVIEW
              • Overview
              • PURGE_LOG
              • REFRESH
            • DBMS_MONITOR
              • Overview
              • OB_SESSION_TRACE_ENABLE
              • OB_SESSION_TRACE_DISABLE
              • OB_CLIENT_ID_TRACE_ENABLE
              • OB_CLIENT_ID_TRACE_DISABLE
              • OB_MOD_ACT_TRACE_ENABLE
              • OB_MOD_ACT_TRACE_DISABLE
              • OB_TENANT_TRACE_ENABLE
              • OB_TENANT_TRACE_DISABLE
            • DBMS_MVIEW_STAT
              • Overview
              • PURGE_REFRESH_STATS
              • SET_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
              • SET_SYSTEM_DEFAULT
            • DBMS_OUTPUT
              • Overview
              • DISABLE
              • ENABLE
              • GET_LINE
              • GET_LINES
              • NEW_LINE
              • PUT
              • PUT_LINE
            • DBMS_PLAN_CACHE
              • Overview
              • PURGE
            • DBMS_RANDOM
              • Overview
              • INITIALIZE
              • NORMAL
              • RANDOM
              • SEED
              • STRING
              • TERMINATE
              • VALUE
            • DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • CREATE_PLAN
              • CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • DELETE_PLAN
              • DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
              • UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • DBMS_SCHEDULER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_JOB
              • CREATE_PROGRAM
              • DEFINE_PROGRAM_ARGUMENT
              • DISABLE
              • DROP_JOB
              • DROP_PROGRAM
              • ENABLE
              • GENERATE_JOB_NAME
              • RUN_JOB
              • SET_ATTRIBUTE
              • SET_JOB_ARGUMENT_VALUE
            • DBMS_SESSION
              • Overview
              • CLEAR_ALL_CONTEXT
              • CLEAR_CONTEXT
              • CLEAR_IDENTIFIER
              • RESET_PACKAGE
              • SET_CONTEXT
              • SET_IDENTIFIER
            • DBMS_SQL
              • Overview
              • BIND_VARIABLE
              • CLOSE_CURSOR
              • COLUMN_VALUE
              • DEFINE_COLUMN
              • DEFINE_ARRAY
              • DESCRIBE_COLUMNS
              • EXECUTE
              • EXECUTE_AND_FETCH
              • FETCH_ROWS
              • IS_OPEN
              • LAST_ERROR_POSITION
              • OPEN_CURSOR
              • PARSE
              • VARIABLE_VALUE
            • DBMS_STATS
              • Overview
              • ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • CREATE_STAT_TABLE
              • DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
              • DELETE_INDEX_STATS
              • DELETE_TABLE_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • DELETE_SYSTEM_STATS
              • DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
              • DROP_STAT_TABLE
              • EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
              • GATHER_INDEX_STATS
              • GATHER_TABLE_STATS
              • GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
              • GATHER_SYSTEM_STATS
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • GET_PARAM
              • GET_PREFS
              • IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
              • RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
              • PURGE_STATS
              • SET_COLUMN_STATS
              • SET_INDEX_STATS
              • SET_TABLE_STATS
              • SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
              • SET_PARAM
              • SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • SET_SYSTEM_STATS
              • SET_TABLE_PREFS
              • UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
              • COPY_TABLE_STATS
            • DBMS_UDR
              • Overview
              • CREATE_RULE
              • DISABLE_RULE
              • ENABLE_RULE
              • REMOVE_RULE
            • DBMS_UTILITY
              • Overview
              • ACTIVE_INSTANCES
              • CURRENT_INSTANCE
              • DB_VERSION
              • FORMAT_CALL_STACK
              • FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE
              • FORMAT_ERROR_STACK
              • GET_ENDIANNESS
              • GET_HASH_VALUE
              • GET_PARAMETER_VALUE
              • GET_SQL_HASH
              • GET_TIME
              • IS_BIT_SET
              • IS_CLUSTER_DATABASE
              • NAME_RESOLVE
              • NAME_TOKENIZE
              • OLD_CURRENT_SCHEMA
              • OLD_CURRENT_USER
              • PORT_STRING
              • TABLE_TO_COMMA
            • DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY
              • Overview
              • ASH_REPORT
            • DBMS_XA
              • Overview
              • DBMS_XA constants
              • DBMS_XA_XID object type
              • DIST_TXN_SYNC
              • XA_COMMIT
              • XA_END
              • XA_FORGET
              • XA_GETLASTOER
              • XA_PREPARE
              • XA_RECOVER
              • XA_ROLLBACK
              • XA_SETTIMEOUT
              • XA_START
            • DBMS_XMLGEN
              • Overview
              • CONVERT
            • DBMS_XPLAN
              • Overview
              • DISPLAY_ACTIVE_SESSION_PLAN
              • DISPLAY_CURSOR
              • DISPLAY
              • DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • DISPLAY_SQL_PLAN_BASELINE
              • ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
            • ODCIConst
              • Overview
              • ODCIArgDesc.ArgType
              • ODCIEnv.CallProperty
              • ODCIEnv.Envflags
              • ODCIIndexAlter
              • ODCIIndexAlter parameter alter_option
              • ODCIIndexInfo.IndexInfoFlags
              • ODCIIndexInfo.IndexParaDegree
              • ODCIPredInfo.Flags
              • ODCIQueryInfo.Flags
              • ODCIStatsOptions.Flags
              • ODCIStatsOptions.Options
              • Return Status
              • ScnFlg
            • UTL_ENCODE
              • Overview
              • BASE64_DECODE
              • BASE64_ENCODE
            • UTL_FILE
              • Overview
              • FCLOSE
              • FFLUSH
              • FOPEN
              • FGETPOS
              • FREMOVE
              • FRENAME
              • FSEEK
              • NEW_LINE
              • GET_LINE
              • PUT
              • PUT_LINE
            • UTL_I18N
              • Overview
              • RAW_TO_CHAR
              • STRING_TO_RAW
            • UTL_RAW
              • Overview
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_COMPLEMENT
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_DOUBLE
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_FLOAT
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_INTEGER
              • CAST_FROM_NUMBER
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_FLOAT
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_INTEGER
              • CAST_TO_NUMBER
              • CAST_TO_RAW
              • CAST_TO_VARCHAR2
              • COMPARE
              • CONCAT
              • COPIES
              • LENGTH
              • REVERSE
              • SUBSTR
            • ANYDATA TYPE
              • Overview
              • BEGINCREATE static procedure
              • ENDCREATE member procedure
              • GET* member functions
              • GETTYPE member function
              • GETTYPENAME member function
              • PIECEWISE member procedure
              • SET* member procedures
            • XMLType
              • Overview
              • CREATEXML
              • GETCLOBVAL
              • GETSTRINGVAL
              • TRANSFORM
              • XMLTYPE
          • Reserved PL keywords
      • Reserved keywords (MySQL mode)
      • Reserved keywords (Oracle mode)
    • Multi-model API
      • RPC message compression
    • System views
      • Overview
      • Overview of system views
      • Changes in views in OceanBase Database V3.x and V4.x
      • SYS tenant views
        • Dictionary views
          • information_schema.CHARACTER_SETS
          • information_schema.CHECK_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.COLLATIONS
          • information_schema.COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY
          • information_schema.COLUMNS
          • information_schema.COLUMN_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS
          • information_schema.ENGINES
          • information_schema.GLOBAL_STATUS
          • information_schema.GLOBAL_VARIABLES
          • information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
          • information_schema.PARAMETERS
          • information_schema.PARTITIONS
          • information_schema.PROCESSLIST
          • information_schema.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.ROUTINES
          • information_schema.SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.SCHEMATA
          • information_schema.SESSION_STATUS
          • information_schema.SESSION_VARIABLES
          • information_schema.STATISTICS
          • information_schema.TABLES
          • information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.TABLE_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.VIEW_TABLE_USAGE
          • information_schema.VIEWS
          • mysql.db
          • mysql.help_category
          • mysql.help_keyword
          • mysql.help_relation
          • mysql.help_topic
          • mysql.proc
          • mysql.time_zone
          • mysql.time_zone_name
          • mysql.time_zone_transition
          • mysql.time_zone_transition_type
          • mysql.user
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_CONFIGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNITS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SEQUENCE_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESOURCE_POOLS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ROOTSERVICE_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS_V$
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINE_CONCURRENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_SYS_VARIABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_COLUMN_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_MANAGEMENT_CONFIG
          • information_schema.QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • oceanbase.DBA_SEQUENCES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USER_DEFINED_RULES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CLUSTER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RSRC_IO_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLANS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATA_DICTIONARY_IN_LOG
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATA_DICTIONARY_IN_LOG
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TASK_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_STAT_STALE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.ALL_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TRANSFER_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TRANSFER_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ACCESS_POINT
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ACCESS_POINT
          • oceanbase.DBA_DB_LINKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TENANT_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SNAPSHOT
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_SNAPSHOT
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_STATNAME
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_STATNAME
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SYSSTAT
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_SYSSTAT
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_CONTROL
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_CONTROL
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_KV_TTL_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_KV_TTL_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_KV_TTL_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_KV_TTL_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASK_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_CLONE_PROGRESS
          • DBA_OB_CLONE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_SYSTEM_EVENT
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SYSTEM_EVENT
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_EVENT_NAME
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_EVENT_NAME
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_SQLSTAT
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SQLSTAT
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • oceanbase.CDB_WR_SQLTEXT
          • oceanbase.DBA_WR_SQLTEXT
          • CDB_MVIEW_LOGS
          • CDB_MVIEWS
          • CDB_MVREF_STATS_SYS_DEFAULTS
          • CDB_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
          • CDB_MVREF_RUN_STATS
          • CDB_MVREF_STATS
          • CDB_MVREF_CHANGE_STATS
          • CDB_MVREF_STMT_STATS
          • DBA_MVIEW_LOGS
          • DBA_MVIEWS
          • DBA_MVREF_STATS_SYS_DEFAULTS
          • DBA_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
          • DBA_MVREF_RUN_STATS
          • DBA_MVREF_STATS
          • DBA_MVREF_CHANGE_STATS
          • DBA_MVREF_STMT_STATS
          • CDB_INDEX_USAGE
          • DBA_INDEX_USAGE
          • CDB_OB_AUX_STATISTICS
          • DBA_OB_AUX_STATISTICS
          • DBA_OB_TRUSTED_ROOT_CERTIFICATE
        • Performance views
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • GV$OB_KVCACHE
          • GV$OB_PARAMETERS
          • GV$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • GV$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_SERVERS
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • GV$OB_UNITS
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • GV$SESSION_EVENT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • GV$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • GV$SESSTAT
          • GV$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
          • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$LATCH
          • GV$OB_MEMORY
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • GV$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
          • GV$OB_RPC_INCOMING
          • GV$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • GV$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • GV$DML_STATS
          • GV$SESSION_LONGOPS
          • GV$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • GV$OB_PS_STAT
          • GV$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • GV$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • GV$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • GV$OB_MERGE_INFO
          • GV$OB_SSTABLES
          • GV$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • V$OB_KVCACHE
          • V$OB_PARAMETERS
          • V$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • V$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • V$OB_SERVERS
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • V$OB_UNITS
          • V$STATNAME
          • V$EVENT_NAME
          • V$SESSION_WAIT
          • V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • V$SESSTAT
          • V$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • V$OB_MEMORY
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • V$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • V$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
          • V$OB_RPC_INCOMING
          • V$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • V$SESSION_LONGOPS
          • V$LATCH
          • V$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • V$OB_PS_STAT
          • V$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • V$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • V$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • V$OB_MERGE_INFO
          • V$SQL_MONITOR_STATNAME
          • V$OB_ENCRYPTED_TABLES
          • V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES
          • V$OB_SSTABLES
          • V$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • GV$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
          • V$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
          • GV$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
          • V$SYSSTAT
          • V$SESSION_EVENT
          • V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$DML_STATS
          • GV$OB_LOG_STAT
          • V$OB_LOG_STAT
          • V$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_PLAN
          • V$OB_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS
          • V$RSRC_PLAN
          • GV$OB_THREAD
          • V$OB_THREAD
          • GV$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
          • V$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
          • GV$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
          • V$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
          • GV$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
          • V$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_LOCKS
          • V$OB_LOCKS
          • V$OB_LS_LOG_RESTORE_STATUS
          • V$OB_TIMESTAMP_SERVICE
          • GV$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
          • V$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
          • GV$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
          • V$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
          • GV$OB_SQL_PLAN
          • V$OB_SQL_PLAN
          • GV$OB_TENANT_RUNTIME_INFO
          • V$OB_TENANT_RUNTIME_INFO
          • GV$OB_FLT_TRACE_CONFIG
          • GV$OB_LS_SNAPSHOTS
          • V$OB_LS_SNAPSHOTS
          • GV$OB_SQLSTAT
          • V$OB_SQLSTAT
          • GV$OB_SESS_TIME_MODEL
          • V$OB_SESS_TIME_MODEL
          • GV$OB_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • V$OB_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • GV$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
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          • DBA_SCHEDULER_JOB_RUN_DETAILS
          • DBA_WR_SNAPSHOT
          • DBA_WR_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • DBA_WR_STATNAME
          • DBA_WR_SYSSTAT
          • DBA_WR_CONTROL
          • DBA_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOBS
          • DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOBS
          • DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASKS
          • DBA_OB_RECOVER_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_JOB_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_IMPORT_TABLE_TASK_HISTORY
          • DBMS_LOCK_ALLOCATED
          • USER_USERS
          • DBA_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASKS
          • DBA_OB_TRANSFER_PARTITION_TASK_HISTORY
          • DBA_WR_SYSTEM_EVENT
          • DBA_WR_EVENT_NAME
          • DBA_WR_SQLSTAT
          • DBA_WR_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • DBA_WR_SQLTEXT
          • ALL_MVIEW_LOGS
          • DBA_MVIEW_LOGS
          • USER_MVIEW_LOGS
          • DBA_MVIEWS
          • ALL_MVIEWS
          • USER_MVIEWS
          • DBA_MVREF_STATS_SYS_DEFAULTS
          • USER_MVREF_STATS_SYS_DEFAULTS
          • DBA_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
          • USER_MVREF_STATS_PARAMS
          • DBA_MVREF_RUN_STATS
          • USER_MVREF_RUN_STATS
          • DBA_MVREF_STATS
          • USER_MVREF_STATS
          • DBA_MVREF_CHANGE_STATS
          • USER_MVREF_CHANGE_STATS
          • DBA_MVREF_STMT_STATS
          • USER_MVREF_STMT_STATS
          • DBA_INDEX_USAGE
          • DBA_OB_AUX_STATISTICS
        • Performance views
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • GV$OB_KVCACHE
          • GV$OB_PARAMETERS
          • GV$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • GV$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • GV$OB_UNITS
          • GV$DBLINK
          • GV$INSTANCE
          • GV$OB_MEMORY
          • GV$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE
          • GV$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • GV$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • GV$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • GV$OB_PS_STAT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • GV$SESSTAT
          • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • GV$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • GV$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
          • GV$OB_SSTABLES
          • GV$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • V$GLOBALCONTEXT
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • V$OB_KVCACHE
          • V$OB_PARAMETERS
          • V$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • V$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • V$OB_UNITS
          • V$DBLINK
          • V$INSTANCE
          • V$OB_MEMORY
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE
          • V$NLS_PARAMETERS
          • V$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • V$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • V$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • V$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • V$OB_PS_STAT
          • V$SESSION_WAIT
          • V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • V$SESSTAT
          • V$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • V$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • V$VERSION
          • V$SQL_MONITOR_STATNAME
          • V$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
          • V$TIMEZONE_NAMES
          • V$OB_ENCRYPTED_TABLES
          • V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES
          • V$RSRC_PLAN
          • V$OB_SSTABLES
          • V$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • V$SYSSTAT
          • V$EVENT_NAME
          • GV$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • GV$DML_STATS
          • V$DML_STATS
          • GV$OB_LOG_STAT
          • V$OB_LOG_STAT
          • GV$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • V$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
          • V$OB_GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
          • V$OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_PLAN
          • GV$OPEN_CURSOR
          • V$OPEN_CURSOR
          • V$OB_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS
          • GV$OB_THREAD
          • V$OB_THREAD
          • GV$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
          • V$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
          • GV$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
          • V$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
          • GV$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
          • V$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_LOCKS
          • V$OB_LOCKS
          • V$OB_LS_LOG_RESTORE_STATUS
          • V$OB_TIMESTAMP_SERVICE
          • GV$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
          • V$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
          • GV$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
          • V$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
          • GV$OB_SQL_PLAN
          • V$OB_SQL_PLAN
          • GV$OB_FLT_TRACE_CONFIG
          • GV$OB_LS_SNAPSHOTS
          • V$OB_LS_SNAPSHOTS
          • GV$OB_SQLSTAT
          • V$OB_SQLSTAT
          • GV$OB_SESS_TIME_MODEL
          • V$OB_SESS_TIME_MODEL
          • GV$OB_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • V$OB_SYS_TIME_MODEL
          • GV$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$STATNAME
          • V$OB_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • GV$OB_SESSION
          • V$OB_SESSION
      • Common statistical events
      • General wait events
    • Parameters and system variables
      • Overview
      • Parameters
        • Overview
        • Cluster-level parameters
          • all_cluster_list
          • auto_broadcast_location_cache_rate_limit
          • all_server_list
          • auto_leader_switch_interval
          • auto_refresh_location_cache_rate_limit
          • autoinc_cache_refresh_interval
          • backup_backup_dest
          • backup_backup_dest_option
          • backup_dest_option
          • backup_concurrency
          • backup_dest
          • backup_log_archive_option
          • backup_net_limit
          • backup_recovery_window
          • backup_region
          • backup_zone
          • balance_blacklist_failure_threshold
          • balance_blacklist_retry_interval
          • balancer_emergency_percentage
          • balancer_log_interval
          • balancer_task_timeout
          • balancer_timeout_check_interval
          • balancer_tolerance_percentage
          • bf_cache_miss_count_threshold
          • bf_cache_priority
          • builtin_db_data_verify_cycle
          • cache_wash_threshold
          • clog_disk_utilization_threshold
          • clog_expire_days
          • clog_cache_priority
          • clog_disk_usage_limit_percentage
          • clog_sync_time_warn_threshold
          • clog_transport_compress_func
          • cpu_reserved
          • cluster
          • cluster_id
          • config_additional_dir
          • cpu_count
          • data_copy_concurrency
          • data_dir
          • data_disk_usage_limit_percentage
          • data_storage_error_tolerance_time
          • data_storage_warning_tolerance_time
          • datafile_disk_percentage
          • datafile_size
          • dead_socket_detection_timeout
          • debug_sync_timeout
          • default_compress
          • default_transport_compress_func
          • default_compress_func
          • default_row_format
          • devname
          • disk_io_thread_count
          • dtl_buffer_size
          • election_cpu_quota
          • election_blacklist_interval
          • enable_async_syslog
          • enable_auto_refresh_location_cache
          • enable_auto_leader_switch
          • enable_ddl
          • enable_global_freeze_trigger
          • enable_log_archive
          • enable_election_group
          • enable_major_freeze
          • enable_merge_by_turn
          • enable_manual_merge
          • enable_ob_ratelimit
          • enable_one_phase_commit
          • enable_perf_event
          • enable_pg
          • enable_record_trace_id
          • enable_record_trace_log
          • enable_rereplication
          • enable_rich_error_msg
          • enable_separate_sys_clog
          • enable_smooth_leader_switch
          • enable_rootservice_standalone
          • enable_sql_audit
          • enable_sql_operator_dump
          • enable_sys_table_ddl
          • enable_sys_unit_standalone
          • enable_syslog_recycle<main id="notice" type='explain'>
          • enable_syslog_wf
          • enable_tcp_keepalive
          • fast_recovery_concurrency
          • enable_upgrade_mode
          • flush_log_at_trx_commit
          • gc_wait_archive
          • fuse_row_cache_priority
          • global_index_build_single_replica_timeout
          • global_major_freeze_residual_memory
          • get_leader_candidate_rpc_timeout
          • global_write_halt_residual_memory
          • high_priority_net_thread_count
          • ignore_replay_checksum_error
          • ignore_replica_checksum_error
          • index_clog_cache_priority
          • index_info_block_cache_priority
          • index_cache_priority
          • ilog_index_expire_time
          • internal_sql_execute_timeout
          • large_query_threshold
          • large_query_worker_percentage
          • leak_mod_to_check
          • lease_time
          • location_cache_priority
          • location_cache_cpu_quota
          • location_cache_expire_time
          • location_cache_refresh_min_interval
          • location_cache_refresh_rpc_timeout
          • location_cache_refresh_sql_timeout
          • location_fetch_concurrency
          • location_refresh_thread_count
          • log_archive_batch_buffer_limit
          • log_archive_checkpoint_interval
          • max_kept_major_version_number
          • max_px_worker_count
          • max_string_print_length
          • max_syslog_file_count
          • memory_chunk_cache_size
          • memory_limit
          • memory_limit_percentage
          • memory_reserved
          • memstore_limit_percentage
          • merge_stat_sampling_ratio
          • merge_thread_count
          • merger_completion_percentage
          • merger_switch_leader_duration_time
          • merger_warm_up_duration_time
          • micro_block_merge_verify_level
          • migrate_concurrency
          • migration_disable_time
          • min_observer_version
          • minor_deferred_gc_time
          • mysql_port
          • net_thread_count
          • ob_event_history_recycle_interval
          • ob_ratelimit_stat_period
          • obconfig_url
          • tablet_meta_table_check_interval
          • tablet_meta_table_scan_batch_count
          • plan_cache_evict_interval
          • plan_cache_high_watermark
          • plan_cache_low_watermark
          • px_task_size
          • px_workers_per_cpu_quota
          • rdma_io_thread_count
          • recyclebin_object_expire_time
          • ls_meta_table_check_interval
          • resource_hard_limit
          • rebuild_replica_data_lag_threshold
          • rootservice_async_task_queue_size
          • rootservice_async_task_thread_count
          • rootservice_list
          • rootservice_memory_limit
          • rootservice_ready_check_interval
          • row_compaction_update_limit
          • rpc_port
          • rpc_timeout
          • schema_history_expire_time
          • schema_history_recycle_interval
          • server_balance_cpu_mem_tolerance_percent
          • server_balance_critical_disk_waterlevel
          • server_balance_disk_tolerance_percent
          • server_check_interval
          • server_cpu_quota_max
          • server_cpu_quota_min
          • server_permanent_offline_time
          • server_data_copy_out_concurrency
          • server_data_copy_in_concurrency
          • ssl_client_authentication
          • ssl_external_kms_info
          • stack_size
          • sql_audit_memory_limit
          • sys_bkgd_migration_change_member_list_timeout
          • sys_bkgd_migration_retry_num
          • sys_bkgd_net_percentage
          • switchover_process_thread_count
          • syslog_io_bandwidth_limit
          • sys_bkgd_io_high_percentage
          • sys_bkgd_io_low_percentage
          • syslog_level
          • sys_cpu_limit_trigger
          • system_memory
          • system_trace_level
          • tableapi_transport_compress_func
          • tablet_size
          • tcp_keepcnt
          • system_cpu_quota
          • tcp_keepidle
          • tcp_keepintvl
          • tenant_cpu_variation_per_server
          • tenant_task_queue_size
          • token_reserved_percentage
          • trace_log_sampling_interval
          • trace_log_slow_query_watermark
          • trx_2pc_retry_interval
          • tenant_groups
          • use_large_pages
          • user_block_cache_priority
          • user_row_cache_priority
          • trx_force_kill_threshold
          • trx_try_wait_lock_timeout
          • virtual_table_location_cache_expire_time
          • unit_balance_resource_weight
          • weak_read_version_refresh_interval
          • workers_per_cpu_quota
          • user_iort_up_percentage
          • zone
          • user_tab_col_stat_cache_priority
          • wait_leader_batch_count
          • log_disk_size
          • log_disk_percentage
          • tablet_ls_cache_priority
          • opt_tab_stat_cache_priority
          • zone_merge_concurrency
          • index_block_cache_priority
          • zone_merge_order
          • sql_login_thread_count
          • zone_merge_timeout
          • ob_esi_rpc_port
          • enable_asan_for_memory_context
          • enable_ob_esi_process
          • enable_cgroup
          • ob_esi_session_timeout
          • diag_syslog_per_error_limit
          • ob_esi_io_concurrency
          • ob_startup_mode
          • ob_esi_memory_limit
          • log_storage_warning_tolerance_time
          • ob_esi_syslog_level
          • ob_esi_max_syslog_file_count
          • sql_net_thread_count
          • minor_freeze_times
          • minor_merge_concurrency
          • minor_warm_up_duration_time
          • multiblock_read_gap_size
          • multiblock_read_size
          • ofs_list
          • partition_table_check_interval
          • replica_safe_remove_time
          • resource_soft_limit
          • restore_concurrency
          • rpc_client_authentication_method
          • rpc_server_authentication_method
          • row_purge_thread_count
          • datafile_maxsize
          • datafile_next
          • standby_fetch_log_bandwidth_limit
          • local_ip
          • observer_id
          • storage_meta_cache_priority
          • sql_protocol_min_tls_version
          • enable_rpc_authentication_bypass
          • strict_check_os_params
          • enable_dblink
        • Tenant-level parameters
          • audit_sys_operations
          • audit_trail
          • clog_max_unconfirmed_log_count
          • clog_persistence_compress_func
          • connection_control_failed_connections_threshold
          • connection_control_min_connection_delay
          • connection_control_max_connection_delay
          • enable_clog_persistence_compress
          • enable_early_lock_release
          • enable_monotonic_weak_read
          • external_kms_info
          • enable_sql_extension
          • default_progressive_merge_num
          • backup_data_file_size
          • io_category_config
          • log_disk_utilization_limit_threshold
          • log_disk_utilization_threshold
          • major_compact_trigger
          • ddl_thread_score
          • compaction_low_thread_score
          • max_stale_time_for_weak_consistency
          • compaction_high_thread_score
          • minor_compact_trigger
          • compaction_mid_thread_score
          • ob_enable_batched_multi_statement
          • ob_proxy_readonly_transaction_routing_policy
          • ob_ssl_invited_common_names
          • open_cursors
          • plsql_code_type
          • plsql_debug
          • plsql_optimize_level
          • plsql_warnings
          • sql_work_area
          • tde_method
          • writing_throttling_maximum_duration
          • writing_throttling_trigger_percentage
          • workarea_size_policy
          • plsql_v2_compatibility
          • job_queue_processes
          • ha_high_thread_score
          • ha_mid_thread_score
          • ha_low_thread_score
          • ob_compaction_schedule_interval
          • default_auto_increment_mode
          • ob_query_switch_leader_retry_timeout
          • default_enable_extended_rowid
          • major_freeze_duty_time
          • undo_retention
          • query_response_time_stats
          • query_response_time_flush
          • query_response_time_range_base
          • merger_check_interval
          • freeze_trigger_percentage
          • cpu_quota_concurrency
          • arbitration_timeout
          • compatible
          • log_transport_compress_all
          • log_transport_compress_func
          • rpc_memory_limit_percentage
          • tenant_sql_login_thread_count
          • tenant_sql_net_thread_count
          • dump_data_dictionary_to_log_interval
          • enable_user_defined_rewrite_rules
          • partition_balance_schedule_interval
          • log_disk_throttling_percentage
          • enable_rebalance
          • balancer_idle_time
          • log_disk_throttling_maximum_duration
          • ls_gc_delay_time
          • standby_db_preferred_upstream_log_region
          • archive_lag_target
          • range_optimizer_max_mem_size
          • log_restore_concurrency
          • log_archive_concurrency
          • standby_db_fetch_log_rpc_timeout
          • enable_transfer
          • kv_ttl_duty_duration
          • kv_ttl_history_recycle_interval
          • enable_kv_ttl
          • ttl_thread_score
          • compaction_dag_cnt_limit
          • compaction_schedule_tablet_batch_cnt
          • kv_transport_compress_func
          • kv_transport_compress_threshold
          • optimizer_index_cost_adj
          • default_table_store_format
      • System variables
        • Overview of system variables
        • Global variables
          • auto_increment_cache_size
          • auto_increment_increment
          • auto_increment_offset
          • autocommit
          • binlog_row_image
          • block_encryption_mode
          • character_set_client
          • character_set_connection
          • character_set_database
          • character_set_filesystem
          • character_set_results
          • character_set_server
          • character_set_system
          • collation_connection
          • collation_database
          • collation_server
          • connect_timeout
          • cursor_sharing
          • datadir
          • debug_sync
          • default_password_lifetime
          • div_precision_increment
          • error_on_overlap_time
          • explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
          • foreign_key_checks
          • group_concat_max_len
          • identity
          • init_connect
          • innodb_strict_mode
          • interactive_timeout
          • license
          • lower_case_table_names
          • max_allowed_packet
          • max_connections
          • max_sp_recursion_depth
          • max_user_connections
          • net_buffer_length
          • net_read_timeout
          • net_write_timeout
          • nls_calendar
          • nls_characterset
          • nls_comp
          • nls_currency
          • nls_date_format
          • nls_date_language
          • nls_dual_currency
          • nls_iso_currency
          • nls_length_semantics
          • nls_nchar_characterset
          • nls_nchar_conv_excp
          • nls_numeric_characters
          • nls_sort
          • nls_territory
          • nls_timestamp_format
          • nls_timestamp_tz_format
          • ob_create_table_strict_mode
          • ob_bnl_join_cache_size
          • ob_default_replica_num
          • ob_compatibility_mode
          • ob_enable_blk_nestedloop_join
          • ob_early_lock_release
          • ob_enable_hash_group_by
          • ob_enable_aggregation_pushdown
          • ob_enable_index_direct_select
          • ob_enable_jit
          • ob_enable_plan_cache
          • ob_enable_sql_audit
          • ob_enable_transformation
          • ob_enable_transmission_checksum
          • ob_enable_truncate_flashback
          • ob_global_debug_sync
          • ob_log_level
          • ob_pl_block_timeout
          • ob_plan_cache_evict_high_percentage
          • ob_plan_cache_evict_low_percentage
          • ob_plan_cache_percentage
          • ob_proxy_global_variables_version
          • ob_query_timeout
          • ob_read_consistency
          • ob_reserved_meta_memory_percentage
          • ob_route_policy
          • ob_sql_audit_percentage
          • ob_sql_work_area_percentage
          • ob_tcp_invited_nodes
          • ob_temp_tablespace_size_percentage
          • ob_timestamp_service
          • ob_trx_idle_timeout
          • ob_trx_lock_timeout
          • ob_trx_timeout
          • optimizer_capture_sql_plan_baselines
          • optimizer_use_sql_plan_baselines
          • parallel_max_servers
          • parallel_servers_target
          • performance_schema
          • plugin_dir
          • plsql_optimize_level
          • query_cache_size
          • query_cache_type
          • read_only
          • recyclebin
          • resource_manager_plan
          • secure_file_priv
          • sql_auto_is_null
          • sql_mode
          • sql_quote_show_create
          • sql_safe_updates
          • sql_select_limit
          • sql_throttle_current_priority
          • sql_throttle_network
          • sql_throttle_priority
          • sql_throttle_rt
          • sql_warnings
          • system_time_zone
          • time_zone
          • transaction_isolation
          • transaction_read_only
          • tx_isolation
          • tx_read_only
          • version
          • version_comment
          • wait_timeout
          • validate_password_check_user_name
          • validate_password_length
          • validate_password_mixed_case_count
          • validate_password_number_count
          • validate_password_policy
          • validate_password_special_char_count
          • server_uuid
          • default_storage_engine
          • ob_enable_rich_error_msg
          • cte_max_recursion_depth
          • regexp_stack_limit
          • event_scheduler
          • regexp_time_limit
          • log_row_value_options
          • ob_max_read_stale_time
          • parallel_degree_policy
          • parallel_degree_limit
          • parallel_min_scan_time_threshold
          • optimizer_dynamic_sampling
          • runtime_filter_type
          • runtime_filter_wait_time_ms
          • runtime_filter_max_in_num
          • runtime_bloom_filter_max_size
          • optimizer_features_enable
          • ob_default_lob_inrow_threshold
          • ob_enable_pl_cache
        • Session-level variables
          • is_result_accurate
          • last_insert_id
          • nls_language
          • ob_capability_flag
          • ob_enable_show_trace
          • ob_last_schema_version
          • ob_org_cluster_id
          • ob_proxy_partition_hit
          • ob_proxy_set_trx_executed
          • ob_trace_info
          • timestamp
          • tracefile_identifier
          • ob_max_read_stale_time
          • parallel_degree_policy
          • parallel_degree_limit
          • parallel_min_scan_time_threshold
          • optimizer_dynamic_sampling
          • runtime_filter_type
          • runtime_filter_wait_time_ms
          • runtime_filter_max_in_num
          • runtime_bloom_filter_max_size
    • Error codes
      • MySQL mode
        • Overview
        • 0001 to 3999
        • 4000 to 4499
        • 4500 to 4999
        • 5000 to 5999
        • 6000 to 6999
        • 7000 to 7999
        • 8000 to 8999
        • 9000 to 9499
        • 9500 to 9999
        • 10000 to 12000
        • 22998, 30926, 38104, and 38105
      • Oracle mode
        • Overview
        • ORA-00000 to ORA-00999
        • ORA-01000 to ORA-01499
        • ORA-01500 to ORA-01999
        • ORA-02000 to ORA-04999
        • ORA-05000 to ORA-10000
        • ORA-10000 to ORA-19999
        • ORA-20000 to ORA-29999
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ORA-30000 to ORA-49999

Last Updated:2026-04-15 08:30:02  Updated
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What is on this page
ORA-30002: SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function is not allowed here
ORA-30003: illegal parameter in SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function
ORA-30003: illegal parameter in SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function
ORA-30004: A column value contained the string that the SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function was to use to separate column values
ORA-30005: missing or invalid WAIT interval
ORA-30006: resource busy; acquire with WAIT timeout expired
ORA-30007: CONNECT BY ROOT operator is not supported in the START WITH or in the CONNECT BY condition
ORA-30009: Not enough memory for CONNECT BY operation
ORA-30076: invalid extract field for extract source
ORA-30078: partition bound must be TIME/TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE literals
ORA-30084: invalid data type for datetime primary with time zone modifier
ORA-30088: datetime/interval precision is out of range
ORA-30175: invalid type given for an argument
ORA-30186: '\\' must be followed by four hexidecimal characters or another '\\'
ORA-30205: invalid Character set
ORA-30481: GROUPING function only supported with GROUP BY CUBE or ROLLUP
ORA-30482: DISTINCT not allowed here
ORA-30485: missing ORDER BY expression in the window specification
ORA-30487: ORDER BY not allowed here
ORA-30488: argument should be a function of expressions in PARTITION BY
ORA-30493: The percentile value should be a number between 0 and 1
ORA-30494: The argument [%s] of WIDTH_BUCKET function is NULL or invalid
ORA-30495: The argument should be of numeric or date/datetime type
ORA-30496: Argument should be a constant
ORA-30497: Argument should be a constant or a function of expressions in GROUP BY.
ORA-30553: The function is not deterministic
ORA-30562: SAMPLE percentage must be in the range [0.000001,100)
ORA-30563: outer join operator (+) is not allowed here
ORA-30625: method dispatch on NULL SELF argument is disallowed
ORA-30665: invalid NOT NULL constraint specified on a DEFAULT ON NULL column
ORA-30669: table can have only one identity column
ORA-30670: invalid NOT NULL constraint specified on an identity column
ORA-30671: cannot modify NOT NULL constraint on an identity column
ORA-30672: cannot drop NOT NULL constraint on an identity column
ORA-30673: column to be modified is not an identity column
ORA-30674: identity column cannot have a default value
ORA-30675: identity column must be a numeric type
ORA-30926: unable to get a stable set of rows in the source tables
ORA-30929: ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause not allowed here
ORA-30929: ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause not allowed here
ORA-30929: ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause not allowed here
ORA-30930: NOCYCLE keyword is required with CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE pseudo column
ORA-30980: Invalid Input
ORA-31003: Parent %.*s already contains child entry %.*s
ORA-31011: XML parsing failed
ORA-31012: Given XPATH expression not supported
ORA-31013: invalid xpath expression
ORA-31056: The document being inserted does not conform to specified child name
ORA-31067: XML nodes must be updated with valid nodes and of the same type
ORA-31188: The specified printing option is invalid
ORA-31195: XML node '' (type=%s) does not support this operation
ORA-31600: invalid input value %.*s for parameter %.*s in function %.*s
ORA-31603: object '%.*s' of type %.*s not found in schema '%.*s'
ORA-32021: parameter value longer than %d characters
ORA-32031: illegal reference of a query name in WITH clause
ORA-32033: unsupported column aliasing
ORA-32034: unsupported use of WITH clause
ORA-32038: number of WITH clause column names does not match number of elements in select list
ORA-32039: recursive WITH clause must have column alias list
ORA-32040: recursive WITH clause must use a UNION ALL operation
ORA-32041: UNION ALL operation in recursive WITH clause must have only two branches
ORA-32042: recursive WITH clause must reference itself directly in one of the UNION ALL branches
ORA-32043: recursive WITH clause needs an initialization branch
ORA-32044: cycle detected while executing recursive WITH query
ORA-32045: maximum level of recursion reached while executing recursive WITH query
ORA-32046: sequence column name for SEARCH clause must not be part of the column alias list
ORA-32047: cycle mark value and non-cycle mark value must be one byte character string values
ORA-32048: cycle mark column name for CYCLE clause must not be part of the column alias list
ORA-32049: duplicate name found in column alias list for WITH clause
ORA-32480: SEARCH and CYCLE clauses can only be specified for recursive WITH clause elements
ORA-32481: cycle value for CYCLE clause must be different from the non-cycle value
ORA-32482: sequence column for SEARCH clause must be different from the cycle mark column for CYCLE clause
ORA-32483: duplicate name found in sort specification list for SEARCH clause of WITH clause
ORA-32484: duplicate name found in cycle column list for CYCLE clause of WITH clause
ORA-32485: element in cycle column list of CYCLE clause must appear in the column alias list of the WITH clause element
ORA-32486: unsupported operation in recursive branch of recursive WITH clause
ORA-32487: unsupported join in recursive WITH query
ORA-32488: WITH clause element did not have a column alias list
ORA-32489: element in sort specification list of SEARCH clause did not appear in the column alias list of the WITH clause element
ORA-32490: recursive query name referenced more than once in recursive branch of recursive WITH clause element
ORA-32575: Explicit column default is not supported for modifying views
ORA-32595: DDL statement cannot be audited with BY SESSION specified
ORA-32792: prebuilt table managed column cannot be an identity column
ORA-32793: cannot alter a system-generated sequence
ORA-32794: cannot drop a system-generated sequence
ORA-32795: cannot insert into a generated always identity column
ORA-32796: cannot update a generated always identity column
ORA-32797: identity column sequence mismatch in ALTER TABLE EXCHANGE PARTITION
ORA-32798: cannot rename a system-generated sequence
ORA-38101: Invalid column in the INSERT VALUES Clause:'%.*s'.'%.*s'
ORA-38104: Columns referenced in the ON Clause cannot be updated:'%.*s'.'%.*s'
ORA-38778: Restore point %s already exists
ORA-38779: cannot create restore point - too many restore points
ORA-38780: Restore point %s does not exists
ORA-38900: miss mandatory column %.*s of error log table
ORA-39956: duplicate setting for PL/SQL compiler parameter %.*s
ORA-39962: invalid parameter for PLSQL_CCFLAGS
ORA-40441: JSON syntax error
ORA-40441: JSON syntax error
ORA-40441: JSON syntax error
ORA-40441: This version doesn't yet support 'references in JSON Schema.
ORA-40442: JSON path expression syntax error ('INT')
ORA-40442: JSON path expression syntax error ('INT').JSON path expression syntax error ('%s')
ORA-40444: JSON processing error
ORA-40449: invalid data type for return value
ORA-40450: invalid '%s' clause
ORA-40451: invalid default value provided
ORA-40452: default value not matching type defined in RETURNING clause
ORA-40454: path expression not a literal
ORA-40455: default value not a literal
ORA-40456: JSON_VALUE evaluated to non*scalar value
ORA-40459: output value too large (actual: %d, maximum: %d)
ORA-40462: No value was found by '%.192s' on the specified path
ORA-40462: JSON_VALUE evaluated to no value
ORA-40470: More than one value was found by '%.192s' on the specified path
ORA-40473: duplicate key names in JSON object
ORA-40476: JSON key too long
ORA-40480: result cannot be returned without array wrapper
ORA-40481: ASCII or PRETTY not supported for non*textual return data type
ORA-40484: invalid data type for '%s' column
ORA-40487: invalid usage of keyword EXISTS
ORA-40491: invalid input data type for JSON_TABLE
ORA-40560: JSON_TABLE nested path expressions not disjunct
ORA-40565: JSON path expression did not select a value
ORA-40566: JSON path expression selected a value of different data type
ORA-40569: Unimplemented JSON feature
ORA-40570: JSON conversion failed
ORA-40571: JSON key name not found.", "JSON key name not found
ORA-40573: Invalid use of PL/SQL JSON object type
ORA-40576: Invalid use of bind variable in SQL/JSON path
ORA-40587: invalid JSON type
ORA-40595: Name input to JSON generation function cannot be null
ORA-40597: JSON path expression syntax error ('%.*s')
ORA-40600: JSON_EQUAL used outside predicate
ORA-40629: Patch specification is not valid JSON
ORA-40654: Input to JSON generation function has unsupported data type
ORA-40654: Input to JSON generation function has unsupported data type
ORA-40656: Variable in JSON path expression has no value in PASSING clause
ORA-40664: cannot add additional IS jSON check constraint
ORA-40688: date or time stamp string value does not conform to ISO 8601 format
ORA-40750: Patch specification is not valid JSON
ORA-40779: Truncation is not supported with data type in RETURNING clause
ORA-40783: invalid binary JSON data\nstring
ORA-40796: invalid comparison operation involving JSON type value
ORA-40799: cannot convert Boolean value to number
ORA-40833: empty input to JSON operator
ORA-40876: invalid JSON schema document
ORA-42399: cannot perform a DML operation on a read-only view

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Applicability

This topic applies only to OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition. OceanBase Database Community Edition provides only MySQL mode.

ORA-30002: SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function is not allowed here

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5768

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function is called beyond the SELECT list and ORDER BY clause.

  • Solution: Delete the calls of the SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function except those in the SELECT list and ORDER BY clause.

ORA-30003: illegal parameter in SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5769

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function contains invalid arguments.

ORA-30003: illegal parameter in SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5927

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function contains invalid arguments.

ORA-30004: A column value contained the string that the SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function was to use to separate column values

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5770

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The string used by the SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function to separate column values is included in a column value.

  • Solution: Specify another separator that is not included in any column value for the SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function, and try again.

ORA-30005: missing or invalid WAIT interval

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5495
  • SQLSTATE: HY000
  • Cause: When you run the WAIT command, the specified wait time parameter is invalid or missing.
  • Solution: Check the syntax of the WAIT command and make sure that the wait time parameter is correctly specified.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.0.

ORA-30006: resource busy; acquire with WAIT timeout expired

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 6003

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The requested resource is busy.

  • Solution: Try again later.

ORA-30007: CONNECT BY ROOT operator is not supported in the START WITH or in the CONNECT BY condition

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5771

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You are attempting to use the CONNECT BY ROOT operator in the START WITH or CONNECT BY condition.

  • Solution: Delete the CONNECT BY ROOT operator from the START WITH or CONNECT BY condition.

ORA-30009: Not enough memory for CONNECT BY operation

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5926

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: On an engine of the current version, an error is returned if the recursion depth exceeds 2^30. On an engine of an earlier version, an error is returned if the total number of nodes on the path from the root node to the current node, including the subnodes, exceeds a specific value (2^30). The current recursion depth limit is fixed and suitable in general cases.

  • Solution: No solution is available now. The issue cannot be resolved by simply increasing the memory size. However, you can reduce the recursion levels or the data amount to work around this issue.

ORA-30076: invalid extract field for extract source

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5686

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The data extraction source does not contain the specified data extraction field.

ORA-30078: partition bound must be TIME/TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE literals

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5349

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The TIME or TIMESTAMP column does not contain TIME ZONE.

  • Solution: Use the TIME or TIMESTAMP format with TIME ZONE.

ORA-30084: invalid data type for datetime primary with time zone modifier

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5950

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: If a time zone modifier is specified, the value of the datetime parameter must be of the TIME, TIME WITH TIME ZONE, TIMESTAMP, or TIME STAMP WITH TIME ZONE type.

ORA-30088: datetime/interval precision is out of range

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5605

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The specified datetime or interval precision is not within the range of 0 to 9.

  • Solution: Make sure that the datetime or interval precision is within the range of 0 to 9.

ORA-30175: invalid type given for an argument

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5351

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The argument list contains arguments of invalid types.

  • Solution: Use correct data types for arguments.

ORA-30186: '\\' must be followed by four hexidecimal characters or another '\\'

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5938

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: In the argument of the SQL function UNISTR, a pair of double backslashes (\\) must be followed by four hexadecimal characters or another pair of double backslashes (\\).

  • Solution: Correct the string format.

ORA-30205: invalid Character set

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5969

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The specified character set is invalid.

  • Solution: Check whether the character set ID is valid.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ORA-30481: GROUPING function only supported with GROUP BY CUBE or ROLLUP

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5501
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The GROUPING function is supported only in the GROUP BY CUBE or ROLLUP statement.
  • Solution: Use the GROUPING function only in the GROUP BY CUBE or ROLLUP statement.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.1.

ORA-30482: DISTINCT not allowed here

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5798

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The DISTINCT option is not allowed in the function.

ORA-30485: missing ORDER BY expression in the window specification

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5300

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The ORDER BY expression is missing from the window function or aggregation group.

ORA-30487: ORDER BY not allowed here

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5797

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The ORDER BY expression is not allowed in the DISTINCT function and RATIO_TO_REPORT.

ORA-30488: argument should be a function of expressions in PARTITION BY

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5347

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The argument of the window function must be a constant for a partition.

ORA-30493: The percentile value should be a number between 0 and 1

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5861

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The percentile value specified for the PERCENTILE_CONT or PERCENTILE_DISC function is not within the specified range.

  • Solution: Specify a value within the range of [0,1].

ORA-30494: The argument [%s] of WIDTH_BUCKET function is NULL or invalid

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5925

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The [%s] argument of the WIDTH_BUCKET function is NULL or invalid.

ORA-30495: The argument should be of numeric or date/datetime type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5862

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The argument must be of the numeric or date/datetime type.

ORA-30496: Argument should be a constant

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5852

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The argument value is not a constant.

ORA-30497: Argument should be a constant or a function of expressions in GROUP BY.

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 11010

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The delimiter for the LISTAGG aggregate function can only be a constant or a GROUP BY expression.

  • Solution: Check whether the delimiter for the LISTAGG aggregate function is correct.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.3.0.

ORA-30553: The function is not deterministic

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5996

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The function on which the index is defined is not deterministic.

  • Solution: If the function is deterministic, mark it DETERMINISTIC. If it is not deterministic (which depends on the package state, database state, current time, or anything other than the function inputs), do not create the index. You should never change the values returned by a deterministic function even when the function is rewritten or recompiled.

ORA-30562: SAMPLE percentage must be in the range [0.000001,100)

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5730

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The SAMPLE percentage should be within the range of [0.000001,100).

ORA-30563: outer join operator (+) is not allowed here

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5626

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You are attempting to reference + in the SELECT_LIST function or the CONNECT BY, START WITH, or ORDER BY clause.

  • Solution: Do not use operators in the SELECT_LIST function or the CONNECT BY, START WITH, or ORDER BY clause.

ORA-30625: method dispatch on NULL SELF argument is disallowed

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5847

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A MEMBER method is called by the NULL SELF argument.

  • Solution: Change the method call type so that a valid SELF argument is passed.

ORA-30665: invalid NOT NULL constraint specified on a DEFAULT ON NULL column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5949

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The NOT NULL constraint is not correctly specified on the DEFAULT ON NULL column.

  • Solution: If the NOT NULL constraint is specified on the DEFAULT ON NULL column, enable the constraint immediately.

ORA-30669: table can have only one identity column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5909

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to specify multiple identity columns for a table.

  • Solution: Specify only one identity column for each table.

ORA-30670: invalid NOT NULL constraint specified on an identity column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5910

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The NOT NULL constraint is not properly specified on the identity column.

  • Solution: If the NOT NULL constraint is specified for the identity column, enable the constraint immediately.

ORA-30671: cannot modify NOT NULL constraint on an identity column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5911

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The NOT NULL constraint on the identity column cannot be modified.

  • Solution: Do not modify the NOT NULL constraint on an identity column.

ORA-30672: cannot drop NOT NULL constraint on an identity column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5912

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The NOT NULL constraint on the identity column cannot be deleted.

  • Solution: Do not delete the NOT NULL constraint from the identity column. To delete the constraint, call the DROP IDENTITY operation in the ALTER TABLE MODIFY statement to delete the identity attribute of the column.

ORA-30673: column to be modified is not an identity column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5913

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to modify the identity attribute of a non-identity column.

  • Solution: Modify the identity attribute of only an identity column.

ORA-30674: identity column cannot have a default value

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5914

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to add a default value to an identity column.

  • Solution: Do not specify a default value for an identity column.

ORA-30675: identity column must be a numeric type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5915

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to create non-numeric values for an identity column or change the values of an identity column into non-numeric values.

  • Solution: Do not assign a non-numeric data type to an identity column.

ORA-30926: unable to get a stable set of rows in the source tables

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 30926

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A stable set of rows cannot be obtained due to a large DML activity or a non-deterministic WHERE clause.

  • Solution: Delete the non-deterministic WHERE clause and re-execute the DML statement.

ORA-30929: ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause not allowed here

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5325

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The specified query with the ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause does not contain the CONNECT BY clause.

  • Solution: Delete the ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause or add the CONNECT BY clause to the query.

ORA-30929: ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause not allowed here

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5451
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause is specified in a query that does not have a CONNECT BY clause.
  • Solution: Remove the ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause or add a CONNECT BY clause.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-30929: ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause not allowed here

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5772

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The specified query with the ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause does not contain the CONNECT BY clause.

  • Solution: Delete the ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause or add the CONNECT BY clause to the query.

ORA-30930: NOCYCLE keyword is required with CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE pseudo column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5773

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE is specified in a query, but this query does not contain the NOCYCLE keyword.

  • Solution: Delete CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE from the query or add the NOCYCLE keyword to the query.

ORA-30980: Invalid Input

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5462
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The type conversion failed due to invalid input.
  • Solution: Enter data of the correct type.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-31003: Parent %.*s already contains child entry %.*s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 7433

  • SQLSTATE: 42000

  • Cause: You are attempting to insert a duplicate child entry into the XDB hierarchical resolver.

  • Solution: Insert a unique name into the container.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.2.

ORA-31011: XML parsing failed

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9549

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The XML parser returns an error when it parses a document.

  • Solution: Check whether the document to be parsed is valid.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V3.2.4.

ORA-31012: Given XPATH expression not supported

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 7409
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The specified XPath expression is not supported.
  • Solution: Make sure that the specified XPath expression is valid and is supported by the current database version.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.0.

ORA-31013: invalid xpath expression

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 7404
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The format of the XPath expression is incorrect or invalid.
  • Solution: Make sure that the XPath expression and XML data are correct.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.0.

ORA-31056: The document being inserted does not conform to specified child name

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 7429

  • SQLSTATE: 42000

  • Cause: The inserted XML element does not conform to the registered XML schema identified by the URL.

  • Solution: Insert elements that conform to the specified XML schema.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.2.

ORA-31067: XML nodes must be updated with valid nodes and of the same type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 7418
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: An invalid XML node or node type is used in the update.
  • Solution: Make sure that the new node type matches the node type before the update.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.0.

ORA-31188: The specified printing option is invalid

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 7407
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The specified printing option is invalid.
  • Solution: Make sure that the specified printing option is valid.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.0.

ORA-31195: XML node '' (type=%s) does not support this operation

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 7430

  • SQLSTATE: 42000

  • Cause: This operation is not supported for the type of the given node. For example, you cannot add a subnode to an attribute node or pass in a document node as a subnode.

  • Solution: Perform the operation on a node of a proper type.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.2.

ORA-31600: invalid input value %.*s for parameter %.*s in function %.*s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9504

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The input parameter value is NULL or invalid.

  • Solution: Specify a valid value and call the function again.

ORA-31603: object '%.*s' of type %.*s not found in schema '%.*s'

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9503

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The specified object cannot be found in the database.

  • Solution: Modify the object configuration and try again.

ORA-32021: parameter value longer than %d characters

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5939

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The parameter value exceeds the maximum length, or one of the parameter values in the parameter list exceeds the maximum value.

  • Solution: Reduce the length of the parameter value and try again. For the DISPATCHERS parameter, use a listener alias to reduce the value length.

ORA-32031: illegal reference of a query name in WITH clause

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5737

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: Forward or recursive reference of a query name in the WITH clause is not allowed.

  • Solution: Modify the query statement and try again.

ORA-32033: unsupported column aliasing

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5738

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The WITH clause does not support column aliases.

  • Solution: Specify an alias in the subquery and try again.

ORA-32034: unsupported use of WITH clause

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5739

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The WITH clause is used improperly in either of the following ways:

    • A WITH clause is nested in another WITH clause.

    • In a set query, a WITH clause is specified for branches.

  • Solution: Modify the query and try again.

ORA-32038: number of WITH clause column names does not match number of elements in select list

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5740

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A column alias or name list is specified for a WITH query name, but the number of elements in the list does not match the number of elements in the SELECT list of the definition query.

  • Solution: Update the column alias list or SELECT list to ensure that they have the same number of elements.

ORA-32039: recursive WITH clause must have column alias list

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5741

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A WITH query recursively references itself, but no column alias list is specified for this query.

  • Solution: Add a column alias list for the WITH query name.

ORA-32040: recursive WITH clause must use a UNION ALL operation

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5742

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A WITH query recursively references itself, but the UNION ALL operation is not used in the definition query.

  • Solution: Rewrite the recursive WITH query so that the UNION ALL operation is used.

ORA-32041: UNION ALL operation in recursive WITH clause must have only two branches

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5743

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A WITH query recursively references itself but uses a UNION ALL operation with more than two branches, which is not supported.

  • Solution: Rewrite the recursive WITH query so that it uses only two branches in the UNION ALL operation.

ORA-32042: recursive WITH clause must reference itself directly in one of the UNION ALL branches

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5744

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A WITH query recursively references itself indirectly. For example, it does so through a subquery or view.

  • Solution: Rewrite the recursive WITH query so that it directly references itself in the FROM clause of a branch of the UNION ALL operation.

ORA-32043: recursive WITH clause needs an initialization branch

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5745

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A WITH query recursively references itself, but an initial branch that does not reference itself is absent in the UNION ALL operation.

  • Solution: Rewrite the WITH query by adding an initial branch that does not reference itself to the UNION ALL operation.

ORA-32044: cycle detected while executing recursive WITH query

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5746

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A recursive WITH query forms a cycle, and the system stops this query to avoid an infinite cycle.

  • Solution: Rewrite the recursive WITH query to stop the recursion, or use the CYCLE clause in the query.

ORA-32045: maximum level of recursion reached while executing recursive WITH query

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5747

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A recursive WITH query reaches the specified maximum recursion level and stops.

  • Solution: Increase the maximum recursion level or use the CYCLE clause.

ORA-32046: sequence column name for SEARCH clause must not be part of the column alias list

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5748

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The SEARCH clause in a recursive WITH query specifies a sequence column, but this sequence column already exists in the column alias list of the WITH query.

  • Solution: Specify a different name for the sequence column in the SEARCH clause, or delete this name from the column alias list.

ORA-32047: cycle mark value and non-cycle mark value must be one byte character string values

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5749

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The cycle mark or non-cycle mark value specified in the CYCLE clause of a recursive WITH query is not a one-byte string.

  • Solution: Specify a one-byte string as the value of cycle mark or non-cycle mark in the CYCLE clause of the recursive WITH query.

ORA-32048: cycle mark column name for CYCLE clause must not be part of the column alias list

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5750

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The CYCLE clause in a recursive WITH query specifies a cycle mark column, but this column already exists in the column alias list of the WITH query.

  • Solution: Specify a different name for the cycle mark column in the CYCLE clause, or delete this name from the column alias list.

ORA-32049: duplicate name found in column alias list for WITH clause

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5751

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A name appears multiple times in the column alias list of the WITH clause.

  • Solution: Delete duplicate names from the column alias list.

ORA-32480: SEARCH and CYCLE clauses can only be specified for recursive WITH clause elements

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5752

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The SEARCH or CYCLE clause is specified for a non-recursive WITH clause element.

  • Solution: Delete the SEARCH or CYCLE clause, or add recursion to the WITH clause element.

ORA-32481: cycle value for CYCLE clause must be different from the non-cycle value

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5753

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The CYCLE clause is specified for a recursive WITH query, but the cycle value is the same as a non-cycle value or the DEFAULT value.

  • Solution: Change the cycle value or the non-cycle value to ensure that they are different.

ORA-32482: sequence column for SEARCH clause must be different from the cycle mark column for CYCLE clause

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5754

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The SEARCH and CYCLE clauses are specified for a recursive WITH query, but the sequence column of the SEARCH clause is the same as the cycle mark column of the CYCLE clause.

  • Solution: Modify the sequence or cycle mark column to ensure that they are different.

ORA-32483: duplicate name found in sort specification list for SEARCH clause of WITH clause

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5755

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A SEARCH clause is specified for a recursive query, but the sort specification list in the recursive query contains duplicate names.

  • Solution: Delete duplicate names from the sort specification list.

ORA-32484: duplicate name found in cycle column list for CYCLE clause of WITH clause

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5756

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A CYCLE clause is specified for a recursive query, but the cycle column list of the CYCLE clause contains duplicate names.

  • Solution: Delete duplicate names from the cycle column list of the CYCLE clause.

ORA-32485: element in cycle column list of CYCLE clause must appear in the column alias list of the WITH clause element

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5757

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: In the CYCLE clause specified for a recursive WITH query, the elements in the cycle column list are not included in the column alias list of the WITH clause element.

  • Solution: Modify the cycle column list so that only the names included in the column alias list of the WITH clause element are used.

ORA-32486: unsupported operation in recursive branch of recursive WITH clause

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5758

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The recursive component of the UNION ALL operation in a recursive WITH clause element uses an unsupported operation. The recursive branch of the UNION ALL operation must not use GROUP BY, DISTINCT, MODEL, grouping sets, CONNECY BY, window functions, HAVING, or aggregate functions.

  • Solution: Rewrite the query and ensure that it does not contain unsupported operations.

ORA-32487: unsupported join in recursive WITH query

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5759

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The recursive component in the recursive WITH clause element contains the following unsupported join operations:

    • A LEFT OUTER join with the name of the recursive query on the right side

    • A RIGHT OUTER join with the name of the recursive query on the left side

    • A FULL OUTER join that involves the name of the recursive query

  • Solution: Rewrite the query and ensure that it does not contain unsupported join operations.

ORA-32488: WITH clause element did not have a column alias list

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5760

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A WITH clause element uses the SEARCH clause and/or the CYCLE clause but does not specify a column alias list for them.

  • Solution: Add a column alias list for the WITH query name.

ORA-32489: element in sort specification list of SEARCH clause did not appear in the column alias list of the WITH clause element

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5761

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The elements in the sort specification list of the SEARCH clause specified for a recursive WITH query are not included in the column alias list of the WITH clause element.

  • Solution: Modify the sort specification list so that only the names in the column alias list of the WITH clause element are used.

ORA-32490: recursive query name referenced more than once in recursive branch of recursive WITH clause element

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5762

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The recursive component of the UNION ALL operation in a recursive WITH clause element references the name of the recursive query multiple times. The recursive branch of the recursive WITH query can reference the name of the recursive query only once.

  • Solution: Rewrite the query so that its recursive branch references the name of the query only once.

ORA-32575: Explicit column default is not supported for modifying views

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5511
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The DEFAULT keyword is used to modify the view.
  • Solution: Omit column values to implicitly use the default values.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.1.

ORA-32595: DDL statement cannot be audited with BY SESSION specified

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 4364

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You are attempting to audit a DDL statement with a specified BY SESSION clause. DDL statements can be audited only by using BY ACCESS.

  • Solution: Use BY ACCESS to audit the DDL statement.

ORA-32792: prebuilt table managed column cannot be an identity column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5916

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to create an instantiated view on a pre-built table with an identity column.

  • Solution: Delete the identity attribute or delete the identity column from the instantiated view.

ORA-32793: cannot alter a system-generated sequence

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5917

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to modify a system-generated sequence.

  • Solution: Do not modify sequences generated by the system, such as a sequence created for the identity column.

ORA-32794: cannot drop a system-generated sequence

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5918

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to drop a system-generated sequence.

  • Solution: Do not drop sequences generated by the system, for example, a sequence created for the identity column.

ORA-32795: cannot insert into a generated always identity column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5919

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to insert a value into an identity column created by using the GENERATED ALWAYS keyword.

  • Solution: Do not directly insert a value into an identity column that is created by using the GENERATED ALWAYS keyword. Instead, the value should be provided by the associated sequence generator.

ORA-32796: cannot update a generated always identity column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5920

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to update an identity column created by using the GENERATED ALWAYS keyword.

  • Solution: Do not directly update an identity column that is created by using the GENERATED ALWAYS keyword.

ORA-32797: identity column sequence mismatch in ALTER TABLE EXCHANGE PARTITION

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5921

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: Sequences of identity columns of two tables specified in the EXCHANGE statement are neither incremented nor decremented.

  • Solution: Make sure that the sequences of the identity columns with INCREMENT BY have the same symbol.

ORA-32798: cannot rename a system-generated sequence

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5922

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The operation attempted to rename a system-generated sequence.

  • Solution: Do not rename sequences generated by the system, such as a sequence created for the identity column.

ORA-38101: Invalid column in the INSERT VALUES Clause:'%.*s'.'%.*s'

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5803

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The INSERT VALUES clause references an invalid table column.

ORA-38104: Columns referenced in the ON Clause cannot be updated:'%.*s'.'%.*s'

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 38104

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: LHS in UPDATE SET contains columns referenced in the ON clause.

ORA-38778: Restore point %s already exists

  • Error codes in OceanBase Database: 6259 and 6261

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The restore point name in the CREATE RESTORE POINT statement already exists. The restore point name must be unique.

  • Solution: Specify another name or delete the existing restore point with the same name.

ORA-38779: cannot create restore point - too many restore points

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 6263

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The number of created restore points has reached the maximum number allowed.

  • Solution: Delete some existing restore points and try again.

ORA-38780: Restore point %s does not exists

  • Error codes in OceanBase Database: 6260 and 6262

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The restore point name specified in the statement does not exist.

  • Solution: Query the restore point table for the restore point.

ORA-38900: miss mandatory column %.*s of error log table

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5385

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The mandatory column of the error logging table is missing.

  • Solution: Add the named column to the error logging table.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ORA-39956: duplicate setting for PL/SQL compiler parameter %.*s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5964

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A PL/SQL compiler parameter was set more than once.

  • Solution: Remove the duplicate setting of the PL/SQL compiler parameter.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ORA-39962: invalid parameter for PLSQL_CCFLAGS

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5940

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The value of the PLSQL_CCFLAGS parameter is invalid.

  • Solution: Specify a valid value for the PLSQL_CCFLAGS parameter.

ORA-40441: JSON syntax error

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5411
  • SQLSTATE: 22032
  • Cause: The syntax of the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) data provided is invalid and cannot be parsed.
  • Solution: Check the JSON data and provide the JSON data with the correct syntax.

Note

Since OceanBase Database V4.1.0, the error message is changed from ORA-00600: Invalid JSON text to ORA-40441: JSON syntax error.

ORA-40441: JSON syntax error

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5412
  • SQLSTATE: 22032
  • Cause: The syntax of the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) data provided is invalid and cannot be parsed.
  • Solution: Check the JSON data and provide the JSON data with the correct syntax.

Note

Since OceanBase Database V4.1.0, the error message is changed from ORA-00600: Invalid JSON text in argument to ORA-40441: JSON syntax error.

ORA-40441: JSON syntax error

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5447
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The syntax of the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) data provided is invalid and cannot be parsed.
  • Solution: Provide the JSON data with the correct syntax.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40441: This version doesn't yet support 'references in JSON Schema.

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 6284

  • SQLSTATE: 42000

  • Cause: References are not supported in a JSON schema in the current version.

  • Solution: Modify the design of the JSON schema to avoid using references.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.2.

ORA-40442: JSON path expression syntax error ('INT')

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5414
  • SQLSTATE: 22032
  • Cause: The syntax of the JSON path expression provided is invalid and cannot be parsed.
  • Solution: Provide the JSON path expression with the correct syntax.

Note

In OceanBase Database V4.1.0 and later, the error message is changed from ORA-00600: Invalid JSON path expression to ORA-40442: JSON path expression syntax error ('INT').

ORA-40442: JSON path expression syntax error ('INT').JSON path expression syntax error ('%s')

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5442
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The syntax of the JSON path expression provided is invalid and cannot be parsed.
  • Solution: Provide the JSON path expression with the correct syntax.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40444: JSON processing error

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5514
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: A JSON data processing error occurred.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.1.

ORA-40449: invalid data type for return value

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5443
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The data type provided for the return value is invalid or is not supported.
  • Solution: Enter a supported return value.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40450: invalid '%s' clause

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5460
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The %s statement is invalid.
  • Solution: Provide the correct %s statement.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40451: invalid default value provided

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5486
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The default value provided is invalid.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40452: default value not matching type defined in RETURNING clause

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5474
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The default value is not of the type defined in the RETURNING statement.
  • Solution: Make sure that the default value is of the type defined in the RETURNING clause.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40454: path expression not a literal

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5487
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The path expression is not a literal.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40455: default value not a literal

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5446
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The default value provided is not a literal (constant).
  • Solution: Provide a constant value.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40456: JSON_VALUE evaluated to non*scalar value

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5444
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The JSON path expression provided selected a non-scalar value.
  • Solution: Correct the JSON path expression or use JSON_QUERY.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40459: output value too large (actual: %d, maximum: %d)

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5473
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The provided JSON operator generates a result that exceeds the maximum length specified in the RETURNING clause.
  • Solution: Increase the maximum length of the data type in the RETURNING clause, or use CLOB/BLOB in the RETURNING clause.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40462: No value was found by '%.192s' on the specified path

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5432
  • SQLSTATE: 22035
  • Cause: The JSON path expression provided did not select any value.
  • Solution: Correct the JSON path expression.

Note

Since OceanBase Database V4.1.0, the error message is changed from ORA-00600: No value was found by '%.192s' on the specified path to ORA-40462: No value was found by '%.192s' on the specified path.

ORA-40462: JSON_VALUE evaluated to no value

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5445
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The JSON path expression provided did not select any value.
  • Solution: Correct the JSON path expression.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40470: More than one value was found by '%.192s' on the specified path

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5433
  • SQLSTATE: 22034
  • Cause: The JSON path expression provided selected multiple values.
  • Solution: Correct the JSON path expression or use JSON_QUERY.

Note

Since OceanBase Database V4.1.0, the error message is changed from ORA-00600: More than one value was found by '%.192s' on the specified path to ORA-40470: More than one value was found by '%.192s' on the specified path.

ORA-40473: duplicate key names in JSON object

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5453
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The JSON data provided has a duplicate key name in an object.
  • Solution: Provide JSON data with a unique key name in each JSON object.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40476: JSON key too long

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5422
  • SQLSTATE: 22032
  • Cause: The JSON data provided has a key that exceeds the maximum name length.
  • Solution: Provide JSON data with a shorter key name.

Note

Since OceanBase Database V4.1.0, the error message is changed from ORA-00600: The JSON object contains a key name that is too long to ORA-40476: JSON key too long.

ORA-40480: result cannot be returned without array wrapper

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5449
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The result cannot be returned without an array wrapper.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40481: ASCII or PRETTY not supported for non*textual return data type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5469
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: An attempt was made to pretty print or escape non-ASCII characters for a non-textual output of a JSON operation.
  • Solution: Change the return data type to VARCHAR2 or CLOB, or remove the PRETTY or ASCII serialization option.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40484: invalid data type for '%s' column

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5459
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The data type of column %s is invalid.
  • Solution: Enter correct information for column %s.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40487: invalid usage of keyword EXISTS

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5480
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: An invalid keyword exists. The syntax of the expression is incorrect.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40491: invalid input data type for JSON_TABLE

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5481
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The input to JSON_TABLE is of an invalid data type.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40560: JSON_TABLE nested path expressions not disjunct

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5483
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The JSON_TABLE expression contains duplicate path expressions at the same level.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40565: JSON path expression did not select a value

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5468
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The JSON path expression did not select any value.
  • Solution: Correct the JSON path expression.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40566: JSON path expression selected a value of different data type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5467
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The JSON path expression selected a value of a data type that is different from the requested data type.
  • Solution: Use another get*method to retrieve the value selected by the JSON path expression.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40569: Unimplemented JSON feature

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5479
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: An attempt was made to execute an unimplemented JSON feature.
  • Solution: Check that the expression exists.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40570: JSON conversion failed

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5476
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: JSON conversion failed.
  • Solution: Check the type definition or the selected JSON value.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40571: JSON key name not found.", "JSON key name not found

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5485
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The key was not found in JSON data.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40573: Invalid use of PL/SQL JSON object type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5470
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: An attempt was made to use a PL/SQL JSON object type in an invalid context.
  • Solution: Use PL/SQL JSON object types only inside PL/SQL.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40576: Invalid use of bind variable in SQL/JSON path

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5484
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: A bind variable in the SQL/JSON path is used improperly.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40587: invalid JSON type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5441
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The JSON type is invalid. The JSON text is invalid.

ORA-40595: Name input to JSON generation function cannot be null

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5429
  • SQLSTATE: 22032
  • Cause: The name input given to the JSON generation function was null.
  • Solution: Make sure that the input has a valid value.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40597: JSON path expression syntax error ('%.*s')

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5454
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The specified JSON path expression had invalid syntax ("%.*s").

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40600: JSON_EQUAL used outside predicate

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5448
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: JSON_EQUAL is used outside the predicate.
  • Solution: Use JSON_EQUAL in the predicate. For example, embed it in a CASE expression.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40629: Patch specification is not valid JSON

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5450
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The patch specification was not expressed in valid JSON.
  • Solution: Make sure that the patch specification is expressed in valid JSON.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40654: Input to JSON generation function has unsupported data type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 7420

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: An input parameter of the JSON generation function is of an unsupported data type.

  • Solution: Pass in parameters of correct data types or use a conversion function to convert the input parameter to a supported data type.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.2.

ORA-40654: Input to JSON generation function has unsupported data type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 7431

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: An input parameter of the JSON generation function is of an unsupported data type.

  • Solution: Pass in parameters of correct data types or use a conversion function to convert the input parameter to a supported data type.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.2.

ORA-40656: Variable in JSON path expression has no value in PASSING clause

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5456
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The JSON path expression contained a variable that had no value in the PASSING clause.
  • Solution: Add the variable to the external PASSING clause and ensure that the variable names match.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40664: cannot add additional IS jSON check constraint

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5464
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: An attempt was made to add an IS JSON check constraint to a column that already had an IS JSON check constraint.
  • Solution: Check the IS JSON constraint.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40688: date or time stamp string value does not conform to ISO 8601 format

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5472
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The date or timestamp string value did not conform to the ISO 8601 format.
  • Solution: Provide a proper date or timestamp string value conforming to the ISO 8601 format for conversion.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40750: Patch specification is not valid JSON

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5452
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The specified sorting condition includes LOB columns, such as CLOB, BLOB, or JSON columns.
  • Solution: Make sure that the sorting column data type is not a large object, such as CLOB, BLOB, or JSON.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40779: Truncation is not supported with data type in RETURNING clause

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5478
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: The data type in the RETURNING statement does not support truncation.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40783: invalid binary JSON data\nstring

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5413
  • SQLSTATE: 22032
  • Cause: The provided binary JSON data is invalid.
  • Solution: Provide valid binary JSON data.

Note

Since OceanBase Database V4.1.0, the error message is changed from ORA-00600: The JSON binary value contains invalid data to ORA-40783: invalid binary JSON data\nstring.

ORA-40796: invalid comparison operation involving JSON type value

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5461
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: An attempt was made to compare JSON type values.
  • Solution: Add a JSON tail type conversion function to compare the JSON type value with the scalar value. Use JSON_EQUAL to compare two JSON type values.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40799: cannot convert Boolean value to number

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5475
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: An attempt was made to convert a Boolean value selected by a JSON path expression with a number() or numberOnly() function to a number.
  • Solution: Remove the number()/numberOnly() function from the JSON path expression.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40833: empty input to JSON operator

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5463
  • SQLSTATE: 42000
  • Cause: An empty input, such as an empty CLOB, was provided to a JSON operator that expects a non-empty input.
  • Solution: Check and correct the input.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ORA-40876: invalid JSON schema document

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 6285

  • SQLSTATE: 22032

  • Cause: The JSON schema is invalid.

  • Solution: Comply with the JSON schema specifications.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.2.

ORA-42399: cannot perform a DML operation on a read-only view

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5723

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You are attempting to insert, delete, or update rows in a read-only view, which is not allowed.

  • Solution: Execute required DML operations on the base table of the view, or use the ALTER VIEW ... READ WRITE statement to make the view operable.

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What is on this page
ORA-30002: SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function is not allowed here
ORA-30003: illegal parameter in SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function
ORA-30003: illegal parameter in SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function
ORA-30004: A column value contained the string that the SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function was to use to separate column values
ORA-30005: missing or invalid WAIT interval
ORA-30006: resource busy; acquire with WAIT timeout expired
ORA-30007: CONNECT BY ROOT operator is not supported in the START WITH or in the CONNECT BY condition
ORA-30009: Not enough memory for CONNECT BY operation
ORA-30076: invalid extract field for extract source
ORA-30078: partition bound must be TIME/TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE literals
ORA-30084: invalid data type for datetime primary with time zone modifier
ORA-30088: datetime/interval precision is out of range
ORA-30175: invalid type given for an argument
ORA-30186: '\\' must be followed by four hexidecimal characters or another '\\'
ORA-30205: invalid Character set
ORA-30481: GROUPING function only supported with GROUP BY CUBE or ROLLUP
ORA-30482: DISTINCT not allowed here
ORA-30485: missing ORDER BY expression in the window specification
ORA-30487: ORDER BY not allowed here
ORA-30488: argument should be a function of expressions in PARTITION BY
ORA-30493: The percentile value should be a number between 0 and 1
ORA-30494: The argument [%s] of WIDTH_BUCKET function is NULL or invalid
ORA-30495: The argument should be of numeric or date/datetime type
ORA-30496: Argument should be a constant
ORA-30497: Argument should be a constant or a function of expressions in GROUP BY.
ORA-30553: The function is not deterministic
ORA-30562: SAMPLE percentage must be in the range [0.000001,100)
ORA-30563: outer join operator (+) is not allowed here
ORA-30625: method dispatch on NULL SELF argument is disallowed
ORA-30665: invalid NOT NULL constraint specified on a DEFAULT ON NULL column
ORA-30669: table can have only one identity column
ORA-30670: invalid NOT NULL constraint specified on an identity column
ORA-30671: cannot modify NOT NULL constraint on an identity column
ORA-30672: cannot drop NOT NULL constraint on an identity column
ORA-30673: column to be modified is not an identity column
ORA-30674: identity column cannot have a default value
ORA-30675: identity column must be a numeric type
ORA-30926: unable to get a stable set of rows in the source tables
ORA-30929: ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause not allowed here
ORA-30929: ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause not allowed here
ORA-30929: ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause not allowed here
ORA-30930: NOCYCLE keyword is required with CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE pseudo column
ORA-30980: Invalid Input
ORA-31003: Parent %.*s already contains child entry %.*s
ORA-31011: XML parsing failed
ORA-31012: Given XPATH expression not supported
ORA-31013: invalid xpath expression
ORA-31056: The document being inserted does not conform to specified child name
ORA-31067: XML nodes must be updated with valid nodes and of the same type
ORA-31188: The specified printing option is invalid
ORA-31195: XML node '' (type=%s) does not support this operation
ORA-31600: invalid input value %.*s for parameter %.*s in function %.*s
ORA-31603: object '%.*s' of type %.*s not found in schema '%.*s'
ORA-32021: parameter value longer than %d characters
ORA-32031: illegal reference of a query name in WITH clause
ORA-32033: unsupported column aliasing
ORA-32034: unsupported use of WITH clause
ORA-32038: number of WITH clause column names does not match number of elements in select list
ORA-32039: recursive WITH clause must have column alias list
ORA-32040: recursive WITH clause must use a UNION ALL operation
ORA-32041: UNION ALL operation in recursive WITH clause must have only two branches
ORA-32042: recursive WITH clause must reference itself directly in one of the UNION ALL branches
ORA-32043: recursive WITH clause needs an initialization branch
ORA-32044: cycle detected while executing recursive WITH query
ORA-32045: maximum level of recursion reached while executing recursive WITH query
ORA-32046: sequence column name for SEARCH clause must not be part of the column alias list
ORA-32047: cycle mark value and non-cycle mark value must be one byte character string values
ORA-32048: cycle mark column name for CYCLE clause must not be part of the column alias list
ORA-32049: duplicate name found in column alias list for WITH clause
ORA-32480: SEARCH and CYCLE clauses can only be specified for recursive WITH clause elements
ORA-32481: cycle value for CYCLE clause must be different from the non-cycle value
ORA-32482: sequence column for SEARCH clause must be different from the cycle mark column for CYCLE clause
ORA-32483: duplicate name found in sort specification list for SEARCH clause of WITH clause
ORA-32484: duplicate name found in cycle column list for CYCLE clause of WITH clause
ORA-32485: element in cycle column list of CYCLE clause must appear in the column alias list of the WITH clause element
ORA-32486: unsupported operation in recursive branch of recursive WITH clause
ORA-32487: unsupported join in recursive WITH query
ORA-32488: WITH clause element did not have a column alias list
ORA-32489: element in sort specification list of SEARCH clause did not appear in the column alias list of the WITH clause element
ORA-32490: recursive query name referenced more than once in recursive branch of recursive WITH clause element
ORA-32575: Explicit column default is not supported for modifying views
ORA-32595: DDL statement cannot be audited with BY SESSION specified
ORA-32792: prebuilt table managed column cannot be an identity column
ORA-32793: cannot alter a system-generated sequence
ORA-32794: cannot drop a system-generated sequence
ORA-32795: cannot insert into a generated always identity column
ORA-32796: cannot update a generated always identity column
ORA-32797: identity column sequence mismatch in ALTER TABLE EXCHANGE PARTITION
ORA-32798: cannot rename a system-generated sequence
ORA-38101: Invalid column in the INSERT VALUES Clause:'%.*s'.'%.*s'
ORA-38104: Columns referenced in the ON Clause cannot be updated:'%.*s'.'%.*s'
ORA-38778: Restore point %s already exists
ORA-38779: cannot create restore point - too many restore points
ORA-38780: Restore point %s does not exists
ORA-38900: miss mandatory column %.*s of error log table
ORA-39956: duplicate setting for PL/SQL compiler parameter %.*s
ORA-39962: invalid parameter for PLSQL_CCFLAGS
ORA-40441: JSON syntax error
ORA-40441: JSON syntax error
ORA-40441: JSON syntax error
ORA-40441: This version doesn't yet support 'references in JSON Schema.
ORA-40442: JSON path expression syntax error ('INT')
ORA-40442: JSON path expression syntax error ('INT').JSON path expression syntax error ('%s')
ORA-40444: JSON processing error
ORA-40449: invalid data type for return value
ORA-40450: invalid '%s' clause
ORA-40451: invalid default value provided
ORA-40452: default value not matching type defined in RETURNING clause
ORA-40454: path expression not a literal
ORA-40455: default value not a literal
ORA-40456: JSON_VALUE evaluated to non*scalar value
ORA-40459: output value too large (actual: %d, maximum: %d)
ORA-40462: No value was found by '%.192s' on the specified path
ORA-40462: JSON_VALUE evaluated to no value
ORA-40470: More than one value was found by '%.192s' on the specified path
ORA-40473: duplicate key names in JSON object
ORA-40476: JSON key too long
ORA-40480: result cannot be returned without array wrapper
ORA-40481: ASCII or PRETTY not supported for non*textual return data type
ORA-40484: invalid data type for '%s' column
ORA-40487: invalid usage of keyword EXISTS
ORA-40491: invalid input data type for JSON_TABLE
ORA-40560: JSON_TABLE nested path expressions not disjunct
ORA-40565: JSON path expression did not select a value
ORA-40566: JSON path expression selected a value of different data type
ORA-40569: Unimplemented JSON feature
ORA-40570: JSON conversion failed
ORA-40571: JSON key name not found.", "JSON key name not found
ORA-40573: Invalid use of PL/SQL JSON object type
ORA-40576: Invalid use of bind variable in SQL/JSON path
ORA-40587: invalid JSON type
ORA-40595: Name input to JSON generation function cannot be null
ORA-40597: JSON path expression syntax error ('%.*s')
ORA-40600: JSON_EQUAL used outside predicate
ORA-40629: Patch specification is not valid JSON
ORA-40654: Input to JSON generation function has unsupported data type
ORA-40654: Input to JSON generation function has unsupported data type
ORA-40656: Variable in JSON path expression has no value in PASSING clause
ORA-40664: cannot add additional IS jSON check constraint
ORA-40688: date or time stamp string value does not conform to ISO 8601 format
ORA-40750: Patch specification is not valid JSON
ORA-40779: Truncation is not supported with data type in RETURNING clause
ORA-40783: invalid binary JSON data\nstring
ORA-40796: invalid comparison operation involving JSON type value
ORA-40799: cannot convert Boolean value to number
ORA-40833: empty input to JSON operator
ORA-40876: invalid JSON schema document
ORA-42399: cannot perform a DML operation on a read-only view