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Start on Cloud

A unified distributed database ready for your transactional, analytical, and AI workloads.

DEPLOY YOUR WAY

OceanBase Cloud

The best way to deploy and scale OceanBase

OceanBase Enterprise

Run and manage OceanBase on your infra

TRY OPEN SOURCE

OceanBase Community Edition

The free, open-source distributed database

OceanBase seekdb

Open source AI native search database

Customer Stories

Real-world success stories from enterprises across diverse industries.

View All
BY USE CASES

Mission-Critical Transactions

Global & Multicloud Application

Elastic Scaling for Peak Traffic

Real-time Analytics

Active Geo-redundancy

Database Consolidation

Comprehensive knowledge hub for OceanBase.

Blog

Live Demos

Training & Certification

Documentation

Official technical guides, tutorials, API references, and manuals for all OceanBase products.

View All
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OceanBase Database

SQL - V4.1.0Enterprise Edition

  • What is OceanBase Database
    • Overview
    • Differences between the features of the Enterprise Edition and the Community Edition
    • System architecture
    • Compatibility with Oracle
      • Overview
      • SQL data types
      • Built-in functions
      • System views
    • Compatibility with MySQL
    • Limitations
  • Get Started
    • Get started with OceanBase Database
    • Learn OceanBase SQL
      • Before you begin
      • Basic SQL operations (MySQL mode)
      • Basic SQL operations (Oracle mode)
    • Build a sample application (MySQL mode)
      • Build a Python application
      • Build a Java application
      • Build a C application
      • Build a Go application
    • Build a sample application (Oracle mode)
      • Build a Python application
      • Build a Java application
      • Build a C application
    • Try out advanced features of OceanBase Database
      • Scalable OLTP
        • Run the TPC-C benchmark in OceanBase Database
        • Try out the hot row update capability of OceanBase Database
      • Try out operational OLAP
      • Try out parallel import and data compression
      • Try out the multi-tenant feature
      • DDL
        • Try out new DDL features in MySQL mode
        • Try out new DDL features in Oracle mode
    • Video tutorials
  • Develop
    • Develop applications in MySQL mode
      • Connect to OceanBase Database
        • Overview
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring JDBC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring JPA
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Hibernate
        • Use database connection pool
          • Database connection pool configuration
          • Configure a Tomcat connection pool
          • Configure a C3P0 connection pool
          • Configure a Proxool connection pool
          • Configure a HiKariCP connection pool
          • Configure a DBCP connection pool
          • Configure a CommonPool connection pool
          • Configure a JDBC connection pool
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using the mysql client
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Boot
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Batch
      • Create database objects
        • Create a database
        • Create a table
        • Create indexes
      • Write data
        • Insert data
        • Update data
        • Delete data
        • Replace data
      • Read data
        • About queries
        • Use SQL hints in queries
        • Variables of query timeout
        • Single-table queries
        • Conditional queries
        • ORDER BY queries
        • GROUP BY queries
        • Use the LIMIT clause in queries
        • Join tables
          • INNER JOIN queries
          • FULL JOIN queries
          • LEFT JOIN queries
          • RIGHT JOIN queries
          • Subqueries
        • Use operators and functions in queries
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use the SELECT FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
          • Use numerical functions in queries
          • Use string concatenation operators in queries
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use datetime functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use the CASE conditional operator in queries
        • Execution plans
          • View an execution plan
          • Understand an execution plan
      • Transactions
        • Overview
        • Start a transaction
        • Savepoints
          • Mark a savepoint
          • Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
          • Release a savepoint
        • Commit a transaction
        • Roll back a transaction
      • Troubleshoot common errors
        • Disconnected from the server, with ERROR 2013 reported
        • Data truncated while being inserted, with ERROR 1265 reported
        • Idle transaction timed out, with ERROR 6002 reported
        • Transaction timed out, with ERROR 4012 reported
        • User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
        • Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
        • Table already exists, with ERROR 1050 reported
        • Table does not exist, with ERROR 1146 reported
        • Duplicate data inserted, with ERROR 1062 reported
        • ERROR 1215 reported in foreign key addition
    • Develop applications in Oracle mode
      • Connect to OceanBase Database
        • Overview
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using MyBatis
        • Use database connection pool
          • Database connection pool configuration
          • Configure a Tomcat connection pool
          • Configure a C3P0 connection pool
          • Configure a Proxool connection pool
          • Configure a HiKariCP connection pool
          • Example of configuring a DBCP connection pool
          • Configure a CommonPool connection pool
          • Configure a JDBC connection pool
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Boot
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Batch
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring JDBC
      • Create database objects
        • Create a table
        • Create an index
      • Write data
        • Insert data
        • Update data
        • Delete data
        • Replace data
      • Read data
        • About queries
        • Single-table queries
        • Conditional queries
        • ORDER BY queries
        • GROUP BY queries
        • Use Row_Limiting_Clause in queries
        • Join tables
          • INNER JOIN queries
          • FULL JOIN queries
          • LEFT JOIN queries
          • RIGHT JOIN queries
          • Subqueries
        • Use operators and functions in queries
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use the SELECT FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
          • Use numerical functions in queries
          • Use string concatenation operators in queries
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use datetime functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use CASE functions in queries
        • Execution plans
          • View execution plans of queries
          • Understand an execution plan
        • Use SQL hints in queries
        • About query timeout variables
      • Transactions
        • Overview
        • Start a transaction
        • Savepoints
          • Mark a savepoint
          • Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
        • Commit a transaction
        • Roll back a transaction
      • Troubleshoot common errors
        • Inconsistent data types, with ORA-00932 error reported
        • Idle transaction timed out, with ORA-24761 error reported
        • Transaction timeout, with ORA-00600 error reported
        • User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
        • Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
        • Table already exists, with ORA-00955 error reported
        • Table does not exist, with ORA-04043 error reported
        • Duplicate data inserted, with ORA-00001 error reported
        • ORA-00600 error reported in foreign key addition
  • Deploy
    • Overview
    • OceanBase cluster deployment solutions
    • Deploy OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition
      • Deployment process
      • Before deployment
        • Prepare servers
        • Configure servers
        • Prepare installation packages
      • Deploy through GUI
        • Configure deployment environment
          • Deploy OAT
          • Verify OAT deployment
          • Configure the clock source
          • Upload installation packages
          • Add a server
          • Edit a server
          • Create MetaDB
        • Deploy OCP
          • Overview
          • Deploy OCP
          • Verify OCP deployment
        • Deploy OceanBase clusters
          • Add an OBServer node to the resource pool
          • Create an OceanBase cluster
        • Deploy ODP
          • Overview
          • Deploy ODP
        • Create OceanBase tenant
          • View resources available for a business tenant
          • Create a tenant
          • Verify connectivity after tenant creation
        • Deploy ODC
          • Overview
          • Deploy ODC
          • Verify ODC deployment
      • Deploy through CLI
        • Configure deployment environment
          • Install oat-cli
          • Use oat-cli to configure the deployment environment
          • Configure the clock source
          • Upload installation packages
          • Configure host information
          • Check the environment before deployment
        • Deploy OCP
          • Overview
          • Generate a configuration file
          • Deploy OCP
          • Verify OCP deployment
        • Deploy OceanBase clusters
          • Deploy a single-replica OceanBase cluster
          • Deploy a three-replica OceanBase cluster
        • Deploy ODP
          • Deploy ODP
        • Create OceanBase tenants
          • View resources available for a business tenant
          • Create a tenant
          • Verify connectivity after tenant creation
        • Deploy ODC
          • Overview
          • Modify the configuration file
          • Start deployment
          • Verify deployment
    • Deploy OceanBase Database Community Edition
      • Overview
      • Deploy locally
        • Software and hardware requirements
        • Before deployment
          • Check resources
          • Set password-free SSH logon
          • Configure the clock source
          • Perform disk planning
          • Configure the limits.conf file
          • Configure the sysctl.conf file
          • Disable the firewall and SELinux
          • Create a user
        • Deploy through GUI
          • Deploy an OceanBase cluster by using OCP
        • Deploy OceanBase Database in a production environment by using a CLI
      • Deploy OceanBase Database in a Kubernetes cluster
    • Clean up an old cluster
  • Migrate
    • About data migration
    • Migrate data using SQL statements
      • Migrate data between tables
      • Migrate resource units
      • Export data by using OUTFILE statements
    • Bypass import
      • Overview
      • Import data in bypass mode by using the LOAD DATA statement
      • Import data in bypass mode by using the INSERT INTO SELECT statement
    • Migrate from MySQL databases to OceanBase Database
      • Migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database by using mydumper and myloader
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use CloudCanal to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use Canal to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use Flink CDC to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use ChunJun to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to MySQL databases
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Synchronize data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using Canal
      • Migrate data from a MySQL OceanBase database to a MySQL database using CloudCanal
      • Migrate data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using Flink CDC
      • Migrate data from a MySQL database in OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using ChunJun
    • Migrate from Oracle databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to Oracle databases
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
    • Migrate from DB2 databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate DB2 LUW table schemas to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from CSV files to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate CSV files to OceanBase Database
      • Import data by using the LOAD DATA statement
    • Import data from SQL files to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate data between OceanBase Database
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between MySQL tenants in OceanBase Database clusters
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from a MySQL tenant to an Oracle tenant in an OceanBase cluster
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between Oracle tenants in OceanBase Database clusters
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from an Oracle tenant to a MySQL tenant in OceanBase Database
  • Manage
    • Log on to an OceanBase Database tenant
    • Manage clusters
      • Overview
      • Cluster parameters
      • Common cluster operations
        • View a zone
        • Modify a zone
        • Isolate a zone
        • View cluster parameters
        • Modify cluster parameters
        • Online scale-out from standalone deployment to distributed deployment
        • Upgrade clusters
          • Upgrade using CLI
            • Overview
            • Perform an upgrade
            • Check upgrade results
        • View a node
        • Restart a node
        • Add a node
        • Delete a node
        • Isolate a node
        • Replace a node
        • Start a zone
        • Add a zone
        • Delete a zone
      • Troubleshoot common problems
        • Failures of a minority of nodes
        • Failures of the majority of nodes
    • Troubleshooting
      • Troubleshoot SQL execution errors
    • Manage tenants
      • Tenant introduction
      • Tenant capacity
      • Tenant types
      • User tenants
      • System variables of a tenant
      • Common tenant operations
        • Modify attributes of a tenant
        • Lock and unlock a tenant
        • Drop a tenant
        • Restore a tenant
        • Drop a resource pool
        • Drop a unit config
        • Create a tenant
        • Resource isolation
          • Overview
          • Manage resource isolation (Oracle mode)
            • Configure cgroups
            • Configure user-level resource isolation
            • Configure SQL statement-level resource isolation
            • Update a plan directive
            • Delete a plan directive
            • Delete a resource management plan
            • Delete a resource group
            • Clear cgroup configurations
          • Manage resource isolation (MySQL mode)
            • Configure cgroups
            • Configure user-level resource isolation
            • Configure SQL statement-level resource isolation
            • Update a plan directive
            • Delete a plan directive
            • Delete a resource management plan
            • Delete a resource group
            • Clear cgroup configurations
        • View tenant and resource information
        • Set and modify the tenant allowlist
        • View system variables of a tenant
        • Modify system variables of a tenant
        • Scale in/out
          • Tenant scaling
          • Modify the unit configs for a tenant
          • Modify the number of resource units for a tenant
          • Modify the number of primary zones for a tenant
        • Modify the attributes of a resource pool
    • Manage replicas
      • What is replica
      • Replica distribution
        • Locality
        • Locality common operations
          • View locality
          • Modify locality
          • Add replicas
          • Remove replicas
          • Adjust the distribution of replicas
          • View the locality change history
          • Migrate units
      • Traffic distribution
      • Data distribution
    • High availability
      • What is high availability
      • Multi-replica disaster recovery
        • Data links
        • High availability of ODP
        • Database-level high availability
        • Disaster recovery architecture and levels
      • Physical standby database disaster recovery
        • Overview
        • Limitations
        • Create a standby tenant
        • Change the restore source of a standby tenant
        • Monitor the log synchronization status of a standby tenant
        • Adjust the log synchronization performance of a standby tenant
        • Adjust the log archiving speed of the primary tenant
        • Switch roles
          • Overview
          • Switchover
          • Failover
        • Drop a primary or standby tenant
      • Arbitration high availability
        • Overview
        • Enable the arbitration service
        • Disable the arbitration service
        • Modify the downgrade timeout period
        • Replace the arbitration service
        • Remove the arbitration service
      • Manage recycle bin
        • Recycle bin
        • Enable or disable the recycle bin
        • View objects in the recycle bin
        • Restore objects from the recycle bin
        • Purge the recycle bin
      • Flashback queries
    • Security and permissions
      • Overview
      • Identification and authentication
        • MySQL mode
          • Authentication
          • Password complexity
          • Login failure processing
        • Oracle mode
          • Authentication
          • Password complexity
          • Login failure processing
      • Access control
        • Overview
        • Users and permissions
          • Overview
          • MySQL mode
            • Privilege types in MySQL mode
            • Grant privileges
            • Privilege delegation
            • View user privileges
            • Modify user privileges
          • Oracle mode
            • Privilege types in Oracle mode
            • Direct privileges
            • Privilege delegation
            • Manage roles
            • Indirect privileges
            • View user privileges
            • Modify user privileges
        • Network security access control
        • Row-level access control
      • Data transmission encryption
        • Overview
        • OBServer transmission encryption
        • ODP transmission encryption
      • Transparent data encryption
        • Overview
        • MySQL mode
          • Enable transparent data encryption for new tables
          • Enable transparent data encryption for existing tables
          • Decrypt a table
        • Oracle mode
          • Enable transparent data encryption for a new table
          • Enable transparent data encryption for an existing table
          • Decrypt a table
      • Security audit
        • Overview
        • Enable security audit
        • Set and view audit rules
        • View audit records
        • Audit user logon operations
        • Audit user operations
        • Audit specified database objects
    • Backup and restore
      • Introduction to physical backup and restore
      • Deploy NFS
      • Log archive
        • Overview
        • Prepare for log archiving
        • Enable log archiving
        • Disable log archiving
        • View information about pieces
        • View the archiving progress
        • View the archiving history
        • View the archiving parameter settings
        • Change the destination of log archiving
        • Views related to log archiving
      • Data backup
        • Preparations
        • Initiate a full data backup job
        • Initiate an incremental data backup job
        • Stop a backup job
        • View the data backup progress
        • View the data backup history
        • View data backup parameter settings
        • Change the backup destination
        • Views related to data backup
      • Clear backup data
        • Automatic cleanup of expired backups
        • Stop backup cleanup
        • Query the backup cleanup progress
        • Query the backup cleanup history
        • Backup cleanup parameter
        • Views related to backup cleanup
      • Restore data
        • Preparations before the restore
        • Perform physical restore
        • Cancel the restore
        • Query the restore progress
        • Query the restore result
        • Change the role of a standby tenant to PRIMARY
        • Replay logs to a standby tenant
        • Parameters related to physical restore
        • Views related to physical restore
    • Monitoring
      • Overview
      • Metrics
        • System monitoring
          • Overview
          • Metrics
          • Wait events
          • Latch events
        • SQL monitoring
          • Overview
          • SQL Audit
          • Execution plans
      • Cases
    • Logs
      • Overview
      • Log levels
      • Log stability
      • Log control
      • Log metrics
      • View logs
        • Search for the logs of a specific SQL request
    • Performance tuning
      • SQL tuning
        • Execution plan optimization
          • Statistical information and row estimation
            • Statistical information
              • Collect statistical information
                • Automatic statistics collection
        • Business logic optimization
          • Schema specifications
  • Reference
    • Concepts
      • Overall architecture of OceanBase Database
      • Data reliability and high availability
        • High availability architecture
          • Automatic handling of node failures
      • Database objects
        • Oracle mode
          • Tables
            • Overview
        • MySQL mode
          • Tables
            • Data type
              • Date and time data types
    • Administrator guide
      • Database connection and routing
        • Overview
        • Manage ODP
          • Overview
          • Manage ODP clusters
            • Create an ODP cluster
            • Manage ODP cluster parameters
            • Delete an ODP cluster
            • Upgrade all ODPs in an ODP cluster
            • Restart all ODPs in an ODP cluster
            • Manage OceanBase clusters connected to an ODP
            • Monitor ODP cluster performance
          • Manage ODP
            • Add an ODP
            • Start an ODP
            • Refresh ODP configurations
            • Stop an ODP
            • Restart an ODP
            • Delete an ODP
            • Upgrade one or more ODPs
          • ODP startup parameters
        • Physical connections
        • Logical connection
          • Query all sessions
          • Query the details of a session
          • Query the metrics of a session
          • Query session variables
          • Terminate a server session
        • Manage routing
          • Table-based routing of ODP
          • LDC-based routing
          • ODP routing policy
            • Read/Write splitting
            • Follower-first read
            • Blocklist mechanism
            • Transaction routing
      • Cluster and multi-tenant management
        • Manage clusters
          • Create a cluster
          • View resource information of a cluster
          • Manage clusters
          • Manage cluster parameters
            • Overview
            • Query cluster parameters
            • Modify cluster-level parameters
          • Manage zones in clusters
            • Overview of zone management
            • Add or delete a zone
            • Start or stop a zone
            • Modify the configurations of a zone
            • Restart a zone
            • Isolate a failed zone
          • Manage nodes
            • Add nodes
            • View the status of a node
            • Stop or start a node
            • Restart a node
            • Isolate a failed node
            • Delete a node
            • Replace a node
          • View the topology of a cluster
          • Overview of cluster tenant management
          • Monitor cluster performance
          • Cluster performance report
        • Manage configurations
          • Overview of configuration management
          • Set parameters
          • Set variables
          • General system parameters
          • Default production parameters
          • Minimum resource configurations
        • Manage resources
          • Overview
          • Create a resource unit configuration
          • Manage resource units
            • View resource unit configurations
            • Modify configurations of a resource unit
            • Drop a resource unit
          • Create a resource pool
          • Manage resource pools
            • View resource pools
            • Allocate a resource pool to a tenant
            • Modify a resource pool
            • Merge resource pools
            • Split a resource pool
            • Remove a resource pool from a tenant
            • Delete a resource pool
          • View resource allocation
        • Manage tenants
          • Overview of tenant management
          • Set and view the tenant allowlist
          • View the topology of a tenant
          • View the resource configurations of a tenant
          • Modify the resource configurations of a tenant
          • View the performance metrics of a tenant
          • View tenant sessions
          • Terminate a tenant session
          • Set the maximum number of connections for a tenant
          • Manage tenant parameters
            • Overview
            • Query tenant-level parameters
            • Modify tenant-level parameters
          • Manage tenant variables
          • Create a tenant
          • Create a user tenant
          • View tenant information
          • Copy a tenant
          • Modify a tenant
          • Rename a tenant
          • Drop a tenant
          • Manage users and permissions
            • Introduction
              • Overview
              • sys tenant
              • Oracle tenants
              • MySQL tenants
            • Oracle mode
              • Create a user
              • Set password complexity rules
              • Handle logon failures
              • View user privileges
              • Modify user privileges
              • Change the password of a user
              • Lock and unlock a user
              • Drop a user
              • Manage roles
                • Overview
                • Create a role
                • Assign a role to another role
                • Assign a role to a user
                • Specify valid or invalid roles for a user
                • View roles
                • Modify a role
                • Revoke a role
                • Drop a role
            • MySQL mode
              • Create a user
              • Set password complexity rules
              • Handle logon failures
              • View user privileges
              • Modify user privileges
              • Change the password of a user
              • Lock and unlock a user
              • Drop a user
        • Manage data storage
          • Dump management
            • Overview
            • Automatically trigger a minor compaction
            • Manually initiate a minor compaction
            • View minor compaction information
            • Modify minor compaction settings
          • Merge management
            • Overview
            • Automatically trigger a major compaction
            • Configure scheduled major compactions
            • Adaptive major compaction
            • Manually initiate a major compaction
            • Manually control a major compaction
            • View the major compaction process
            • Modify major compaction settings
          • Data compression
            • Overview
            • Data encoding and compression
        • Manage memory
          • Overview
          • Memory structure
          • Set the maximum memory for an OceanBase database
          • Manage internal system memory
          • Manage internal tenant memory
          • Manage the memory of the plan cache
          • Memleak-based regular memory leak diagnostics mechanism
          • Query memory usage information
          • Common memory issues
        • Manage processes
          • Overview
          • Multi-tenant threads of OceanBase Database
          • FAQ about multi-tenant threads
          • Background threads of OceanBase Database
        • Manage logs
          • Log overview
          • Log print level
            • Log generation levels
            • Set a log generation level
          • Manage size and quantity of log files
            • Use the log file splitting feature
            • Control the number of log files
          • View logs
            • Query the log of an SQL request
            • Query the log of a previous SQL request by using the SQL Trace feature
      • Manage database objects
        • Overview
        • MySQL mode
          • Manage databases
            • Create a database
            • View databases
            • Modify a database
            • Drop a database
          • Manage tables
            • Overview
            • Create a table
            • Define an auto-increment column
            • Define column constraints
            • Query the definition of a table
            • Modify a table
            • Empty a table
            • Drop a table
            • Lock a table
          • Manage indexes
            • Overview
            • Create an index
            • Query indexes
            • Drop an index
          • Manage views
          • Manage sequence
            • Create a sequence
            • Query sequences
            • Reference a sequence
            • Modify a sequence
            • Drop a sequence
          • Manage triggers
            • Overview
            • Create a DML trigger
            • Query trigger information
            • Drop a trigger
        • Oracle mode
          • Manage tables
            • Overview
            • Create a table
            • Define column constraints
            • Query the definition of a table
            • Modify a table
            • Empty a table
            • Drop a table
            • Lock a table
          • Manage indexes
            • Overview
            • Create an index
            • Query indexes
            • Drop an index
          • Manage views
          • Manage sequences
          • Manage synonyms
          • Manage triggers
            • Overview
            • Create a DML trigger
            • Create an INSTEAD OF trigger
            • Create a composite trigger
            • Modify and drop a trigger
            • Disable or enable a trigger
            • Query trigger information
          • Manage directory objects
          • Manage DBLink
            • Create a DBLink
            • View existing DBLinks
            • Use a DBLink to access data in a remote database
            • Use a DBLink to modify data in a remote database
            • Drop a DBLink
      • Manage replicas
        • Manage partitions
          • Oracle mode
            • Overview
            • Create a partitioned table
            • Modify partitioning rules
            • Add a partition
            • Drop partitions
            • Truncate a partition
            • Partition pruning
            • Query data in specified partitions
            • Create partitioned table index
              • Overview
              • Local indexes
              • Global indexes
          • MySQL mode
            • Overview
            • Create a partitioned table
            • Modify partitioning rules
            • Add a partition
            • Drop partitions
            • Truncate a partition
            • Partition pruning
            • Query data in specified partitions
            • Create partitioned table index
              • Overview
              • Local indexes
              • Global indexes
        • Manage replicas
          • Overview
          • Create a replica
          • Edit a tenant replica in a zone
          • Delete a tenant replica from a zone
        • Manage locality
          • Overview
          • Modify tenant locality
      • O&M
        • Scaling
          • Overview
          • Overview
            • Scale out
              • Add zones to a cluster
              • Add OBServer nodes to zones
            • Scale in
              • Delete zones from a cluster
              • Delete OBServer nodes from zones
          • Tenant resource scaling
            • Modify unit_config
            • Modify UNIT_NUM
        • Monitoring and alerting
          • Overview
          • Monitoring
            • Status monitoring
            • Performance monitoring
            • SQL monitoring
          • Alerting
            • Configure an alert channel
            • Alert push
            • Perform alert management
            • Manage general alert rules
        • Performance diagnosis
          • ASH report
            • ASH
            • Generate ASH reports
            • Analyze ASH reports
        • Emergency handling
          • Analysis, diagnostics, and decision-making process
          • Common emergency problem handling
            • Issues related to capacity changes
              • High disk I/O on the node
              • Tenant memory full
    • Performance tuning guide
      • Overview
      • Performance related tools
        • System tools
          • General tool Top
          • CPU tools
          • Memory tools
          • Disk I/O tools
          • Network tools
        • Internal tables
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
        • Logs
          • slow trans
          • dump tenant info
          • trace log
        • OCP
      • System tuning
        • OS parameter tuning
        • Database parameter tuning
          • CPU parameters
          • I/O parameters
          • Memory-related parameters
          • Network transmission parameters
        • OBProxy parameter tuning
          • CPU parameters
          • Network transmission parameters
          • Route parameters on nodes
      • Business model tuning
        • Load balancing
        • SQL diagnostics
        • Distributed transactions
      • SQL optimization guide
        • SQL request execution process
        • SQL execution plan
          • Introduction to SQL execution plans
          • Execution plan operator
            • TABLE SCAN
            • MATERIAL
            • SORT
            • LIMIT
            • FOR UPDATE
            • SELECT INTO
            • SUBPLAN SCAN
            • UNION
            • INTERSECT
            • EXCEPT/MINUS
            • INSERT
            • DELETE
            • UPDATE
            • MERGE
            • EXCHANGE
            • GI
            • JOIN
            • COUNT
            • GROUP BY
            • WINDOW FUNCTION
            • SUBPLAN FILTER
            • DISTINCT
            • SEQUENCE
          • Plan cache
          • Fast parameterization
          • Real-time execution plan display
        • Distributed execution plan
          • Perform distributed execution and parallel queries
          • Generate a distributed plan
          • Schedule distributed execution plans
          • Manage distributed execution plans
          • Execute parallel queries
          • Perform parameter tuning for a parallel query
          • Parallel DML
        • SQL optimization
          • Overview
          • General procedure of SQL tuning
          • SQL execution performance monitoring
            • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
            • SQL Trace
            • Plan cache views
            • SQL performance analysis example
              • Use SQL Audit to analyze wait events in a query
              • Find the TOP N queries with the longest execution time within a specified period
              • Analyze queries related to distributed plans
              • Check whether the RPC execution count of a distributed subplan is balanced across servers in a cluster
              • Analyze SQL queries that cause an abrupt RT jitter
              • View and analyze the shape of an execution plan
              • Analyze slow SQL queries
              • Query SQL traffic distribution and QPS
              • Check whether SQL queries are balanced across servers in a cluster
              • Find the TOP N SQL queries
              • Analyze whether an unusually large number of remote execution requests exist in the system or the execution of an SQL statement
              • Find full table scan SQL statements in a tenant
          • Optimizer statistics
            • Overview of statistics
            • Statistics conllection methods
              • Overview
              • Histograms
              • Manual statistics collection
              • Automatic statistics collection
              • Online statistics collection
            • Statistics management
              • Overview
              • Deletion
              • Setting
              • Import and export
              • Locking and unlocking
              • History management
              • Collection strategy prefs management
            • Examples
          • Query rewrite
            • Overview
            • Rule-based query rewrite
            • Cost-based query rewrite
          • Query optimization
            • Access path
              • Overview
              • Rule-based path selection
              • Cost-based path selection
            • Join algorithm
              • Overview
              • Join algorithms
              • Join order
          • Manage execution plans
            • Optimizer hints
            • Plan binding
            • SQL plan management
        • Glossary
        • General issues in SQL tuning
      • Performance testing
        • Run the TPC-H benchmark on OceanBase Database
        • TPC-H benchmark report of OceanBase Database
        • Run the Sysbench benchmark on OceanBase Database
        • Sysbench benchmark report of OceanBase Database
        • Run the TPC-C benchmark on OceanBase Database
        • TPC-C benchmark report of OceanBase Database
    • Application development reference
      • SQL syntax
        • System tenants
          • Overview
          • DROP RESOURCE UNIT
          • DROP TENANT
          • SET DECRYPTION
          • SET ENCRYPTION
          • ALTER SYSTEM
            • BACKUP
            • Log archive
            • BALANCE TASK
            • CANCEL MIGRATE UNIT
            • CHANGE TENANT
            • DELETE BACKUPSET
            • DELETE OBSOLETE BACKUP
            • FAILOVER
            • FLUSH
            • JOB
            • MERGE
            • MIGRATE UNIT
            • PARAMETER
            • RECOVER
            • REFRESH
            • REPLICA
            • RESTORE
            • SERVER
            • SWITCHOVER
            • THROTTLE
            • ZONE
          • ALTER RESOURCE POOL
          • ALTER RESOURCE TENANT
          • ALTER RESOURCE UNIT
          • ALTER TENANT
          • CREATE RESOURCE POOL
          • CREATE RESOURCE UNIT
          • CREATE TENANT
          • DROP RESOURCE POOL
        • Common tenant (MySQL mode)
          • Basis elements
            • Data types
              • Overview
              • Numeric types
                • Overview
                • Integer data types
                • Fixed-point data types
                • Floating-point data types
                • Bit value data type
              • Date and time types
                • Overview
                • DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP types
                • TIME type
                • YEAR type
              • Character types
                • Overview
                • CHAR and VARCHAR
                • BINARY and VARBINARY
              • Large objects and text types
                • Overview
                • BLOB types
                • TEXT types
              • ENUM data type
              • SET data type
              • JSON data types
                • Overview
                • Create a JSON value
                • Query and modify JSON values
                • Convert a JSON data type
              • Spatial data types
                • Overview
                • SRS
                • Create a spatial column
                • Create a spatial index
                • Spatial data formats
            • Expressions
              • Overview
              • Expression syntax
              • Convert data types in expression evaluation
            • Character set and collation
              • Overview
              • Character sets
              • Collations
              • Database-level character sets and collations
              • Table-level character sets and collations
              • Column-level character sets and collations
              • Character sets and collations for character expressions
              • Character sets and collations for client connection
            • Literal
              • Overview
              • Strings
              • Value
              • Datetime values
              • Bit values
              • Boolean
              • NULLs
            • Schema object names
            • User-defined variables
            • Comments
          • Other functions
            • ANY_VALUE
            • INET_ATON
            • INET_NTOA
            • INET6_ATON
            • INET6_NTOA
            • IS_IPV4
            • IS_IPV4_COMPAT
            • BIN_TO_UUID
            • IS_IPV6
            • IS_UUID
            • NVL
            • UUID_TO_BIN
            • SLEEP
            • UUID
            • UUID_SHORT
            • COALESCE
            • VALUES
            • DEFAULT
            • NAME_CONST
          • Operator
            • Overview
            • BINARY operator
            • CASE conditional operator
            • Operator precedence
            • Arithmetic operators
            • Bitwise operators
            • Comparison operators
            • Logical operators
            • Assignment operators
            • Datetime operators
            • Concatenation operators
          • Sequence pseudocolumns
          • Function
            • Overview
            • Single-row functions
              • Date and time functions
                • ADDDATE
                • DATE_FORMAT
                • DATE_SUB
                • DATEDIFF
                • DAYOFMONTH
                • DAYOFWEEK
                • DAYOFYEAR
                • EXTRACT
                • FROM_DAYS
                • FROM_UNIXTIME
                • GET_FORMAT
                • CONVERT_TZ
                • HOUR
                • LAST_DAY
                • LOCALTIME
                • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                • MAKEDATE
                • MAKETIME
                • MICROSECOND
                • MINUTE
                • MONTH
                • MONTHNAME
                • CURDATE
                • NOW
                • PERIOD_ADD
                • PERIOD_DIFF
                • QUARTER
                • SEC_TO_TIME
                • SECOND
                • STR_TO_DATE
                • SUBDATE
                • SUBTIME
                • SYSDATE
                • CURRENT_DATE
                • TIME
                • TIME_FORMAT
                • TIME_TO_SEC
                • TIME_TO_USEC
                • TIMEDIFF
                • TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMPADD
                • TIMESTAMPDIFF
                • TO_DAYS
                • TO_SECONDS
                • CURRENT_TIME
                • UNIX_TIMESTAMP
                • USEC_TO_TIME
                • UTC_DATE
                • UTC_TIME
                • UTC_TIMESTAMP
                • WEEK
                • WEEKDAY
                • WEEKOFYEAR
                • YEARWEEK
                • YEAR
                • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                • ADDTIME
                • DAYNAME
                • DAY
                • CURTIME
                • DATE
                • DATE_ADD
              • String functions
                • ASCII
                • ELT
                • EXPORT_SET
                • BIN
                • FIELD
                • FIND_IN_SET
                • FORMAT
                • BIT_LENGTH
                • HEX
                • INSERT
                • INSTR
                • INT2IP
                • IP2INT
                • CHAR
                • LCASE
                • LEFT
                • CHAR_LENGTH
                • LENGTH
                • LOCATE
                • LOWER
                • LPAD
                • LTRIM
                • MAKE_SET
                • MID
                • OCT
                • OCTET_LENGTH
                • ORD
                • CHARACTER_LENGTH
                • POSITION
                • CONCAT
                • QUOTE
                • REGEXP
                • REGEXP_INSTR
                • REGEXP_LIKE
                • REGEXP_REPLACE
                • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                • REPEAT
                • REPLACE
                • REVERSE
                • RIGHT
                • CONCAT_WS
                • RLIKE
                • RPAD
                • RTRIM
                • SPACE
                • STRCMP
                • SUBSTR
                • SUBSTRING
                • SUBSTRING_INDEX
                • TRIM
                • UCASE
                • UNHEX
                • UPPER
                • WEIGHT_STRING
                • TO_BASE64
                • FROM_BASE64
                • SOUNDEX
              • Conversion functions
                • CAST
                • SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
                • CONVERT
              • Mathematical functions
                • ABS
                • COS
                • COT
                • CRC32
                • DEGREES
                • EXP
                • FLOOR
                • LN
                • LOG
                • LOG10
                • LOG2
                • ACOS
                • MOD
                • NEG
                • PI
                • POW
                • POWER
                • RADIANS
                • RAND
                • ROUND
                • SIGN
                • SIN
                • ASIN
                • SQRT
                • TAN
                • TRUNCATE
                • ATAN
                • ATAN2
                • BIT_COUNT
                • CEIL
                • CEILING
                • CONV
              • Comparison functions
                • GREATEST
                • INTERVAL
                • ISNULL
                • LEAST
              • Process control functions
                • CASE
                • IF
                • IFNULL
                • NULLIF
                • ORA_DECODE
            • Aggregation functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • MIN
              • STD
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • AVG
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • COUNT
              • GROUP_CONCAT
              • GROUPING
              • MAX
            • Analysis functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • COUNT
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • FIRST_VALUE
              • AVG
              • LAG
              • LAST_VALUE
              • LEAD
              • BIT_AND
              • MAX
              • MIN
              • NTH_VALUE
              • NTILE
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • RANK
              • ROW_NUMBER
              • STD
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • BIT_OR
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • BIT_XOR
            • Encryption functions
              • AES_DECRYPT
              • MD5
              • UNCOMPRESS
              • UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH
              • RANDOM_BYTES
              • SHA
              • SHA1
              • SHA2
              • VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH
              • AES_ENCRYPT
              • COMPRESS
              • DECODE
              • DES_DECRYPT
              • DES_ENCRYPT
              • ENCODE
              • ENCRYPT
            • Information functions
              • BENCHMARK
              • ICU_VERSION
              • ROW_COUNT
              • SCHEMA
              • SESSION_USER
              • SYSTEM_USER
              • USER
              • VERSION
              • OB_VERSION
              • CHARSET
              • COERCIBILITY
              • COLLATION
              • CONNECTION_ID
              • CURRENT_USER
              • DATABASE
              • FOUND_ROWS
              • LAST_INSERT_ID
            • JSON functions
              • Create JSON text
                • JSON_ARRAY
                • JSON_OBJECT
                • JSON_QUOTE
              • Search JSON text
                • JSON_CONTAINS
                • JSON_CONTAINS_PATH
                • JSON_EXTRACT
                • JSON_KEYS
                • JSON_OVERLAPS
                • JSON_SEARCH
                • JSON_VALUE
                • MEMBER OF
              • Modify JSON text
                • JSON_ARRAY_APPEND
                • JSON_UNQUOTE
                • JSON_ARRAY_INSERT
                • JSON_INSERT
                • JSON_MERGE
                • JSON_MERGE_PATCH
                • JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE
                • JSON_REMOVE
                • JSON_REPLACE
                • JSON_SET
              • Return JSON text properties
                • JSON_DEPTH
                • JSON_LENGTH
                • JSON_TYPE
                • JSON_VALID
              • JSON utility functions
                • JSON_PRETTY
                • JSON_STORAGE_SIZE
              • JSON aggregation functions
                • JSON_ARRAYAGG
                • JSON_OBJECTAGG
            • Spatial functions
              • Create a geometric function
              • Spatial operation functions
              • Spatial relation functions
              • Geometry property functions
              • Geometric format conversion functions
          • Queries and subqueries
            • Overview
            • Subquery
            • JOIN
          • SQL statements
            • General syntax
            • ALTER DATABASE
            • ALTER OUTLINE
            • ALTER SEQUENCE
            • MERGE
            • ALTER TABLE
            • ALTER TABLEGROUP
            • ALTER USER
            • ALTER VIEW
            • CTE
            • ANALYZE
            • CREATE DATABASE
            • CREATE INDEX
            • CREATE OUTLINE
            • CREATE SEQUENCE
            • CREATE TABLE
            • CREATE TABLEGROUP
            • CREATE USER
            • CREATE VIEW
            • DEALLOCATE PREPARE
            • DELETE
            • DESCRIBE
            • DROP DATABASE
            • DROP INDEX
            • DROP OUTLINE
            • DROP TABLE
            • DROP TABLEGROUP
            • DROP SEQUENCE
            • DROP USER
            • DROP VIEW
            • EXECUTE
            • EXPLAIN
            • FLASHBACK
            • GRANT
            • HELP
            • INSERT
            • KILL
            • LOAD DATA
            • LOCK TABLES
            • MERGE
            • OPTIMIZE
            • PREPARE
            • PURGE
            • PURGE RECYCLEBIN
            • RENAME USER
            • RENAME TABLE
            • REPLACE
            • REVOKE
            • SAVEPOINT
            • SCHEMA
            • SELECT INTO
            • SELECT
              • SELECT
              • JOIN clause
              • OVER clause
              • UNION clause
            • SET
            • SET CHARSET
            • SET NAMES
            • SET PASSWORD
            • SET TRANSACTION
            • SHOW
            • TRANSACTION
            • TRUNCATE TABLE
            • UPDATE
            • USE
          • DDL features
            • Overview
            • Index operations
            • Primary key operations
            • Column operations
            • Column generation operations
            • Foreign key operations
            • Table operations
            • Partition operations
            • Column type change rules
          • Performance schema functions
            • FORMAT_BYTES
            • FORMAT_PICO_TIM
        • Common tenant (Oracle mode)
          • Introduction to SQL
          • DDL features
            • Overview
            • Index operations
            • Primary key operations
            • Column operations
            • Column generation operations
            • Foreign key operations
            • Table operations
            • Partition operations
            • Column type change rules
          • Pseudo column
            • Overview
            • Hierarchical query pseudocolumns
            • Sequence pseudocolumns
            • ORA_ROWSCN pseudocolumn
            • ROWNUM pseudocolumn
            • ROWID pseudocolumn
          • Basic elements
            • Built-in data types
              • Overview
              • JSON data types
                • Overview
                • Create JSON columns
                • Query JSON data
                • Conversion rules for JSON data types
              • Character data types
                • Overview
                • CHAR data type
                • NCHAR data type
                • NVARCHAR2 data type
                • VARCHAR2 data type
                • VARCHAR data type
              • Numeric data types
                • Overview
                • NUMBER data type
                • FLOAT data type
                • Floating-point numbers
                • Precedence of numeric data types
              • Date and time and interval data types
                • Overview
                • DATE type
                • TIMESTAMP type
                • TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE date type
                • TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE data type
                • INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH data type
                • INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND data type
                • Calculation of dates, timestamps, and intervals
              • RAW data type
              • Large object data types
                • Overview
                • BLOB data type
                • CLOB data type
              • Rowid data types
              • User-defined data types
              • Any type
            • Data type comparison rules
              • Overview
              • Numeric value comparison rules
              • Date value comparison rules
              • Character value comparison rules
              • Data type precedence
              • Data type conversion rules
              • Security considerations for data conversion
            • Literal
              • Overview
              • Text literals
              • Numeric literals
              • Date and time literal
                • Date literals
                • Timestamp literals
              • Interval literals
            • Format model
              • Overview
              • Number format models
              • Datetime format models
              • RR datetime format element
              • String-to-date conversion rules
            • Null value
              • Overview
              • Nulls in SQL functions
              • Nulls in comparison conditions
              • Nulls in conditional expressions
            • Annotation
              • Overview
              • Comments within SQL statements
              • Comments on schema and nonschema objects
              • Hint
                • Overview
                • Hint list
                  • Hints related to access path
                  • Hints related to join orders
                  • Hints related to joins
                  • Hints related to parallel execution
                  • Hints related to query strategy
                  • Hints related to query conversion
                  • Other hints
            • Database objects
              • Schema objects
              • Non-schema objects
            • Database naming conventions
              • Overview
              • Suggestions on schema object names
            • Database object reference method
              • Overview
              • Reference to schema objects
              • Reference objects in remote databases
                • Create a database link
                • Reference a database link
              • Reference to partition tables and indexes
              • Reference an attribute or method of an object type
          • Operator
            • Overview
            • Operator precedence
            • Arithmetic operators
            • Concatenation operator
            • Hierarchical query operators
            • Set operators
            • COLLATE operator
          • Function
            • Overview
            • Single-row functions
              • Numeric functions
                • ABS
                • EXP
                • FLOOR
                • LN
                • LOG
                • MOD
                • NANVL
                • POWER
                • REMAINDER
                • ROUND
                • SIGN
                • ACOS
                • SIN
                • SINH
                • SQRT
                • TAN
                • TANH
                • TRUNC
                • WIDTH_BUCKET
                • ASIN
                • ATAN
                • ATAN2
                • BITAND
                • CEIL
                • COS
                • COSH
              • Hierarchical functions
                • SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH
              • JSON functions
                • Overview
                • Create JSON text
                  • JSON_ARRAY
                  • JSON_OBJECT
                  • JSON_ARRAYAGG
                  • JSON_OBJECTAGG
                • Query JSON text
                  • JSON_VALUE
                  • JSON_QUERY
                  • JSON_EXISTS
                  • JSON_TABLE
                • Validate JSON text
                  • JSON_EQUAL
                • Modify JSON text
                  • JSON_MERGEPATCH
              • String functions returning strings
                • CHR
                • REGEXP_REPLACE
                • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                • REPLACE
                • RPAD
                • RTRIM
                • SUBSTR
                • TRANSLATE
                • TRANSLATE ... USING
                • TRIM
                • UPPER
                • CONCAT
                • INITCAP
                • LOWER
                • LPAD
                • LTRIM
                • NLS_LOWER
                • NLS_UPPER
              • String functions returning numbers
                • ASCII
                • INSTR
                • LENGTH
                • REGEXP_COUNT
                • REGEXP_INSTR
              • Date and time
                • ADD_MONTHS
                • NEXT_DAY
                • NUMTODSINTERVAL
                • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
                • ROUND (date)
                • SESSIONTIMEZONE
                • SYS_EXTRACT_UTC
                • SYSDATE
                • SYSTIMESTAMP
                • TO_CHAR (datetime)
                • TO_DSINTERVAL
                • CURRENT_DATE
                • TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
                • TO_YMINTERVAL
                • TRUNC (date)
                • TZ_OFFSET
                • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                • DBTIMEZONE
                • EXTRACT(datetime)
                • FROM_TZ
                • LAST_DAY
                • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                • MONTHS_BETWEEN
              • Generic comparison functions
                • GREATEST
                • LEAST
              • Conversion functions
                • ASCIISTR
                • ROWIDTONCHAR
                • SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
                • CAST
                • TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
                • TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
                • TO_BINARY_FLOAT
                • TO_BLOB
                • TO_CHAR (character)
                • TO_CHAR (datetime)
                • TO_CHAR (number)
                • TO_CLOB
                • TO_DATE
                • TO_DSINTERVAL
                • CHARTOROWID
                • TO_MULTI_BYTE
                • TO_NUMBER
                • TO_NCHAR (character)
                • TO_NCHAR (datetime)
                • TO_NCHAR (number)
                • TO_SINGLE_BYTE
                • TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
                • TO_YMINTERVAL
                • CONVERT
                • UNISTR
                • HEXTORAW
                • NUMTODSINTERVAL
                • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
                • RAWTOHEX
                • ROWIDTOCHAR
              • Encoding and decoding functions
                • DECODE
                • DUMP
                • ORA_HASH
                • VSIZE
              • Null value related functions
                • COALESCE
                • LNNVL
                • NANVL
                • NULLIF
                • NVL
                • NVL2
              • Environment and identifier functions
                • SYS_CONTEXT
                • SYS_GUID
                • UID
                • USER
                • USERENV
                • OB_VERSION
            • Aggregation functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • KEEP
              • LISTAGG
              • MAX
              • MEDIAN
              • MIN
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • PERCENTILE_CONT
              • PERCENTILE_DISC
              • RANK
              • REGR_ (Linear Regression)
              • AVG
              • ROLLUP
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
              • CORR
              • COUNT
              • COVAR_POP
              • COVAR_SAMP
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • GROUPING
            • Analysis functions
              • Analytic functions
              • KEEP
              • LAG
              • LAST_VALUE
              • LEAD
              • LISTAGG
              • MAX
              • MEDIAN
              • MIN
              • NTILE
              • NTH_VALUE
              • AVG
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • PERCENTILE_CONT
              • PERCENTILE_DISC
              • RANK
              • RATIO_TO_REPORT
              • REGR_ (Linear Regression)
              • ROW_NUMBER
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • CORR
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
              • COUNT
              • COVAR_POP
              • COVAR_SAMP
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • FIRST_VALUE
          • Expressions
            • Overview
            • Scalar subquery expressions
            • Type constructor expressions
            • Expression list
            • Simple expressions
            • Compound expressions
            • Case expressions
            • Column expressions
            • CURSOR expressions
            • Datetime expressions
            • Function expressions
            • Interval expressions
          • Conditions
            • Overview
            • EXISTS condition
            • IN condition
            • Condition precedence
            • Comparison conditions
            • Floating-point conditions
            • Logical conditions
            • Pattern-matching conditions
            • Null conditions
            • Compound conditions
            • BETWEEN condition
          • Queries and subqueries
            • Overview
            • Simple query
            • Hierarchical query
            • Compound query
            • Join queries
            • Subqueries
            • DUAL table query
          • SQL statements
            • DDL
              • ALTER INDEX
              • ALTER TABLE
              • ALTER TABLEGROUP
              • ALTER USER
              • CREATE CONTEXT
              • CREATE DIRECTORY
              • CREATE DATABASE LINK
              • CREATE INDEX
              • CREATE KEYSTORE
              • CREATE OUTLINE
              • CREATE PROFILE
              • ALTER KEYSTORE
              • CREATE ROLE
              • CREATE SEQUENCE
              • CREATE SYNONYM
              • CREATE TABLE
              • CREATE TABLEGROUP
              • CREATE TABLESPACE
              • CREATE USER
              • CREATE VIEW
              • DROP CONTEXT
              • ALTER OUTLINE
              • DROP DIRECTORY
              • DROP INDEX
              • DROP OUTLINE
              • DROP PROFILE
              • DROP ROLE
              • DROP SEQUENCE
              • DROP SYNONYM
              • DROP TABLE
              • ALTER PROFILE
              • DROP TABLEGROUP
              • DROP TABLESPACE
              • DROP USER
              • DROP VIEW
              • RENAME
              • TRUNCATE TABLE
              • ALTER SYSTEM MAJOR FREEZE
              • ALTER ROLE
              • ALTER SEQUENCE
              • ALTER SESSION
              • ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH PLAN CACHE
              • ALTER SYSTEM PARAMETER
            • DML
              • DELETE
              • INSERT
              • MERGE
              • PURGE
              • SELECT
                • SIMPLE SELECT
                • Set-based SELECT
                • WITH CLAUSE
              • UPDATE
            • DCL
              • ANALYZE
              • FLASHBACK TABLE BEFORE DROP
              • GRANT
              • KILL
              • LOAD DATA
              • AUDIT
              • LOCK TABLE
              • REVOKE
              • COMMENT
              • ROLLBACK
              • SAVEPOINT
              • SET NAMES
              • SET PASSWORD
              • SET ROLE
              • SET VARIABLE
              • SHOW
              • SHRINK
              • TRANSACTION
              • COMMIT
              • EXPLAIN
      • SQL practices and suggestions
        • Limits on writing SQL statements
        • SQL writing guidelines
          • SELECT statements
          • DML statements
          • Multi-table join statements
          • Table scan
          • Transactions
          • Cache
          • Hint
          • Other specifications
        • SQL statement examples
          • Implicit data type conversion
          • JOIN tables
          • Weak consistency read
          • Pagination queries
      • PL reference
        • What is PL
          • Overview
          • Main features of PL
          • PL architecture
        • MySQL mode
          • Syntax of PL stored programs
          • PL system package
            • Overview
            • DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • CREATE_PLAN
              • CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • DELETE_PLAN
              • DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
              • UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • DBMS_STATS
              • Overview
              • DROP_STAT_TABLE
              • EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
              • GATHER_INDEX_STATS
              • GATHER_TABLE_STATS
              • GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
              • ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • GET_PARAM
              • GET_PREFS
              • IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_TABLE_STATS
              • CREATE_STAT_TABLE
              • RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
              • RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
              • PURGE_STATS
              • SET_COLUMN_STATS
              • SET_INDEX_STATS
              • SET_TABLE_STATS
              • SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
              • SET_PARAM
              • DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
              • SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • SET_TABLE_PREFS
              • UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
              • DELETE_INDEX_STATS
              • DELETE_TABLE_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
            • DBMS_UDR
              • Overview
              • CREATE_RULE
              • DISABLE_RULE
              • ENABLE_RULE
              • REMOVE_RULE
            • DBMS_XPLAN
              • Overview
              • DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
          • Reserved and non-reserved PL keywords
          • PL stored procedure
            • Overview
            • Variables in stored programs
            • Stored procedures
            • Stored functions
            • Trigger
            • Limitations on stored programs
          • PL cursor
            • Overview
            • Cursor execution process
            • Limitations on server cursors
          • PL conditional control statements
            • CASE
            • IF
            • ITERATE
            • LEAVE
            • LOOP
            • REPEAT
            • RETURN
            • WHILE
          • PL DML statements
            • CALL
            • DO
          • PL DDL statements
            • ALTER FUNCTION
            • DROP TRIGGER
            • ALTER PROCEDURE
            • CREATE FUNCTION
            • CREATE PROCEDURE
            • CREATE TRIGGER
            • DROP FUNCTION
            • DROP PROCEDURE
          • PL database management statements
            • SHOW CREATE FUNCTION
            • SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE
            • SHOW CREATE TRIGGER
            • SHOW FUNCTION STATUS
            • SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS
            • SHOW TRIGGERS
          • PL related dictionary views
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARAMETERS
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS
          • PL exception handling
            • Overview
            • DECLARE ... CONDITION
            • DECLARE ... HANDLER
            • GET DIAGNOSTICS
            • RESIGNAL
            • SIGNAL
            • Effective scope of an exception handler
            • Diagnostics area
            • Exception handling and OUT/INOUT parameters
            • Limitations on exception handling
        • Oracle mode
          • PL language basics
            • Character sets
            • Error-reporting functions
            • Lexical units
            • Declaration
            • Reference identifiers
            • Scope and visibility of identifiers
            • Assign values
            • Expressions
            • PL blocks
            • Subprograms
          • PL exception handling
            • Overview
            • Compile-Time alerts
            • Exception types
            • Exception handling processes
          • DDL operations on stored PL units
            • Overview
            • CREATE PROCEDURE
            • CREATE TRIGGER
            • CREATE TYPE
            • CREATE TYPE BODY
            • DROP FUNCTION
            • DROP PACKAGE
            • DROP PROCEDURE
            • DROP TRIGGER
            • DROP TYPE
            • DROP TYPE BODY
            • ALTER FUNCTION
            • ALTER PACKAGE
            • ALTER PROCEDURE
            • ALTER TRIGGER
            • ALTER TYPE
            • CREATE FUNCTION
            • CREATE PACKAGE
            • CREATE PACKAGE BODY
          • PL label security package
            • Overview of label security PL packages
            • SA_SYSDBA
              • SA_SYSDBA overview
              • SA_SYSDBA.ALTER_POLICY
              • SA_SYSDBA.CREATE_POLICY
              • SA_SYSDBA.DROP_POLICY
            • SA_COMPONENTS
              • SA_COMPONENTS overview
              • SA_COMPONENTS.ALTER_LEVEL
              • SA_COMPONENTS.CREATE_LEVEL
              • SA_COMPONENTS.DROP_LEVEL
            • SA_LABEL_ADMIN
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN overview
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.ALTER_LABEL
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.CREATE_LABEL
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.DROP_LABEL
            • SA_POLICY_ADMIN
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN overview
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.APPLY_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.DISABLE_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.ENABLE_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.REMOVE_TABLE_POLICY
            • SA_USER_ADMIN
              • SA_USER_ADMIN overview
              • SA_USER_ADMIN.SET_LEVELS
            • SA_SESSION
              • SA_SESSION overview
              • SA_SESSION.LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.RESTORE_DEFAULT_LABELS
              • SA_SESSION.ROW_LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.SET_LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.SET_ROW_LABEL
          • PL system package (Oracle mode)
            • Overview
            • DBMS_OUTPUT
              • Overview
              • DISABLE
              • ENABLE
              • GET_LINE
              • GET_LINES
              • NEW_LINE
              • PUT
              • PUT_LINE
            • DBMS_PLAN_CACHE
              • Overview
              • PURGE
            • DBMS_RANDOM
              • Overview
              • INITIALIZE
              • NORMAL
              • RANDOM
              • SEED
              • STRING
              • TERMINATE
              • VALUE
            • DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • CREATE_PLAN
              • CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • DELETE_PLAN
              • DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
              • UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • DBMS_SCHEDULER
              • Overview
              • RUN_JOB
              • SET_ATTRIBUTE
              • SET_JOB_ARGUMENT_VALUE
              • CREATE_JOB
              • CREATE_PROGRAM
              • DEFINE_PROGRAM_ARGUMENT
              • DISABLE
              • DROP_JOB
              • DROP_PROGRAM
              • ENABLE
              • GENERATE_JOB_NAME
            • DBMS_SESSION
              • Overview
              • CLEAR_ALL_CONTEXT
              • CLEAR_CONTEXT
              • CLEAR_IDENTIFIER
              • SET_CONTEXT
              • SET_IDENTIFIER
            • DBMS_SQL
              • Overview
              • FETCH_ROWS
              • IS_OPEN
              • OPEN_CURSOR
              • PARSE
              • BIND_VARIABLE
              • CLOSE_CURSOR
              • COLUMN_VALUE
              • DEFINE_COLUMN
              • DEFINE_ARRAY
              • DESCRIBE_COLUMNS
              • EXECUTE
              • EXECUTE_AND_FETCH
            • DBMS_STATS
              • Overview
              • DROP_STAT_TABLE
              • EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
              • GATHER_INDEX_STATS
              • GATHER_TABLE_STATS
              • GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
              • ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • GET_PARAM
              • GET_PREFS
              • IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_TABLE_STATS
              • CREATE_STAT_TABLE
              • RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
              • RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
              • PURGE_STATS
              • SET_COLUMN_STATS
              • SET_INDEX_STATS
              • SET_TABLE_STATS
              • SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
              • SET_PARAM
              • DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
              • SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • SET_TABLE_PREFS
              • UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
              • DELETE_INDEX_STATS
              • DELETE_TABLE_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
            • DBMS_UDR
              • Overview
              • CREATE_RULE
              • DISABLE_RULE
              • ENABLE_RULE
              • REMOVE_RULE
            • DBMS_UTILITY
              • Overview
              • ACTIVE_INSTANCES
              • COMMA_TO_TABLE
              • CURRENT_INSTANCE
              • DB_VERSION
              • FORMAT_CALL_STACK
              • FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE
              • FORMAT_ERROR_STACK
              • GET_ENDIANNESS
              • GET_HASH_VALUE
              • GET_PARAMETER_VALUE
              • GET_SQL_HASH
              • GET_TIME
              • IS_BIT_SET
              • IS_CLUSTER_DATABASE
              • NAME_RESOLVE
              • NAME_TOKENIZE
              • OLD_CURRENT_SCHEMA
              • OLD_CURRENT_USER
              • PORT_STRING
              • TABLE_TO_COMMA
            • DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY
              • Overview
              • ASH_REPORT
            • DBMS_XA
              • Overview
              • XA_RECOVER
              • XA_ROLLBACK
              • XA_SETTIMEOUT
              • XA_START
              • DBMS_XA constants
              • DBMS_XA_XID object type
              • DIST_TXN_SYNC
              • XA_COMMIT
              • XA_END
              • XA_FORGET
              • XA_GETLASTOER
              • XA_PREPARE
            • DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO
              • Overview
              • READ_CLIENT_INFO
              • READ_MODULE
              • SET_ACTION
              • SET_CLIENT_INFO
              • SET_MODULE
            • DBMS_XMLGEN
              • Overview
              • CONVERT
            • DBMS_XPLAN
              • Overview
              • DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
            • ODCIConst
              • Overview
              • ODCIQueryInfo.Flags
              • ODCIStatsOptions.Flags
              • ODCIStatsOptions.Options
              • Return Status
              • ScnFlg
              • ODCIArgDesc.ArgType
              • ODCIEnv.CallProperty
              • ODCIEnv.Envflags
              • ODCIIndexAlter
              • ODCIIndexAlter parameter alter_option
              • ODCIIndexInfo.IndexInfoFlags
              • ODCIIndexInfo.IndexParaDegree
              • ODCIPredInfo.Flags
            • DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT
              • Overview
              • CLEAN_AUDIT_TRAIL
              • CREATE_PURGE_JOB
              • DROP_PURGE_JOB
              • SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP
              • SET_PURGE_JOB_STATUS
            • UTL_ENCODE
              • Overview
              • BASE64_DECODE
              • BASE64_ENCODE
            • UTL_FILE
              • Overview
              • GET_LINE
              • PUT
              • PUT_LINE
              • FCLOSE
              • FFLUSH
              • FOPEN
              • FGETPOS
              • FREMOVE
              • FRENAME
              • FSEEK
              • NEW_LINE
            • UTL_I18N
              • Overview
              • RAW_TO_CHAR
              • STRING_TO_RAW
            • UTL_RAW
              • Overview
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_FLOAT
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_INTEGER
              • CAST_TO_NUMBER
              • CAST_TO_RAW
              • CAST_TO_VARCHAR2
              • COMPARE
              • CONCAT
              • COPIES
              • LENGTH
              • BIT_AND
              • REVERSE
              • SUBSTR
              • BIT_COMPLEMENT
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_DOUBLE
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_FLOAT
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_INTEGER
              • CAST_FROM_NUMBER
            • ANYDATA TYPE
              • Overview
              • BEGINCREATE static procedure
              • ENDCREATE member procedure
              • GET* member functions
              • GETTYPE member function
              • GETTYPENAME member function
              • PIECEWISE member procedure
              • SET* member procedures
            • XMLType
              • Overview
              • CREATEXML
              • GETCLOBVAL
              • GETSTRINGVAL
              • TRANSFORM
              • XMLTYPE
            • DBMS_CRYPTO
              • Overview
              • ENCRYPT
              • DECRYPT
              • HASH
            • DBMS_DEBUG
              • Overview
              • GET_VALUE
              • GET_VALUES
              • GET_RUNTIME_INFO
              • GET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
              • INITIALIZE
              • PROBE_VERSION
              • PRINT_BACKTRACE
              • SET_TIMEOUT
              • SET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
              • SET_BREAKPOINT
              • ATTACH_SESSION
              • SHOW_BREAKPOINTS
              • CONTINUE
              • DEBUG_ON
              • DEBUG_OFF
              • DETACH_SESSION
              • DELETE_BREAKPOINT
              • DISABLE_BREAKPOINT
              • ENABLE_BREAKPOINT
            • DBMS_DESCRIBE
              • Overview
              • DESCRIBE_PROCEDURE
            • DBMS_JOB
              • Overview
              • USER_EXPORT
              • WHAT
              • BROKEN
              • CHANGE
              • ZONE
              • INTERVAL
              • NEXT_DATE
              • REMOVE
              • RUN
              • SUBMIT
            • DBMS_LOB
              • Overview
              • ISOPEN
              • INSTR
              • OPEN
              • READ
              • SUBSTR
              • TRIM
              • WRITE
              • WRITEAPPEND
              • APPEND
              • CLOSE
              • COPY
              • CREATETEMPORARY
              • ERASE
              • FREETEMPORARY
              • GETLENGTH
            • DBMS_LOCK
              • Overview
              • SLEEP
            • DBMS_METADATA
              • Overview
              • GET_DDL
          • Reserved PL keywords
          • PL data types
            • Overview
            • SQL data types
            • LOB data types
            • BOOLEAN type
            • User-defined subtypes
            • PLS_INTEGER and BINARY_INTEGER
            • Arrays
            • PL JSON data types
          • PL process control
            • Overview
            • Conditional control
            • Loop control
            • Sequential control
          • PL collections and records
            • Overview
            • Create and call a subprogram with record type parameters
            • Collections
            • Associative arrays
            • Varrays
            • Nested tables
            • Collection constructor function
            • Collection methods
              • Overview of collection methods
              • DELETE method
              • TRIM method
              • EXTEND method
              • EXISTS method
              • FIRST and LAST methods
              • COUNT method
              • LIMIT method
              • PRIOR and NEXT methods
            • Records
            • Insert records into a table and update a table by using records
          • PL static SQL
            • Overview
            • Cursor
              • Overview
              • Cursor attributes
              • Implicit cursors
              • Explicit cursors
              • Cursor variables
              • Traverse cursor data by using the FOR loop
              • Modify and drop a cursor
            • Transaction processing and control
            • Autonomous transactions
              • Overview
              • Control autonomous transactions
              • Autonomous triggers
              • Call autonomous functions from SQL statements
          • PL dynamic SQL
            • Overview
            • Execute dynamic SQL statements
            • DBMS_SQL system package
          • PL stored procedure and functions
            • Overview
            • Create a stored procedure
            • Create a function
            • Manage stored procedures and functions
            • Privilege control
            • Pipeline functions
              • Overview
              • Create a pipelined table function
              • Application
            • User defined functions
              • Overview
              • Interface for user-defined aggregate functions
              • Create user-defined aggregate functions
              • Use user-defined aggregate functions
          • PL trigger
            • Overview
            • Create a DML trigger
            • Modify and drop a trigger
            • Disable or enable a trigger
            • Query trigger information
            • INSTEAD OF DML trigger
            • Compound DML trigger
          • PL package
            • Overview
            • Create a program package
            • Overloaded programs in a package
            • Manage program packages
            • Definition of the PL environment by the STANDARD package
      • Database design guidelines
        • Object naming conventions
          • Overview
          • Tenant naming conventions
          • User naming conventions
          • Table naming conventions
          • Field naming conventions
          • Other naming conventions
        • Object structure design guidelines
          • Field design
          • Table structure design
          • Partitioned table design
          • Index design
          • Other structural designs
        • Character set specifications
        • Database connection specifications
        • Use of comments
        • ORM conventions
        • Exception handling
      • TableAPI
        • Introduction to TableAPI implementation
          • Implementation of TableAPI
          • Differences between replace and insert_or_update
          • TableAPI data models
        • Using TableAPI client
          • Introduction to the client and instructions for use
          • Set client parameters
          • An example of client use
        • Troubleshooting
      • HBaseAPI
        • HBaseAPI solution introduction
        • HBaseAPI storage model
        • Usage instructions of the HBaseAPI client
    • System reference
      • System parameters
        • Overview
        • Summary of system parameters
        • Cluster level
          • all_cluster_list
          • all_server_list
          • auto_broadcast_location_cache_rate_limit
          • backup_backup_dest_option
          • backup_dest_option
          • backup_concurrency
          • backup_dest
          • backup_data_file_size
          • backup_log_archive_option
          • backup_net_limit
          • backup_recovery_window
          • backup_region
          • backup_zone
          • balance_blacklist_failure_threshold
          • balance_blacklist_retry_interval
          • gc_wait_archive
          • fuse_row_cache_priority
          • global_index_build_single_replica_timeout
          • global_major_freeze_residual_memory
          • get_leader_candidate_rpc_timeout
          • global_write_halt_residual_memory
          • high_priority_net_thread_count
          • ignore_replay_checksum_error
          • ignore_replica_checksum_error
          • index_clog_cache_priority
          • index_info_block_cache_priority
          • index_cache_priority
          • ilog_index_expire_time
          • internal_sql_execute_timeout
          • large_query_threshold
          • large_query_worker_percentage
          • leak_mod_to_check
          • lease_time
          • location_cache_cpu_quota
          • location_cache_priority
          • location_cache_expire_time
          • location_cache_refresh_min_interval
          • location_cache_refresh_rpc_timeout
          • location_cache_refresh_sql_timeout
          • location_fetch_concurrency
          • location_refresh_thread_count
          • log_archive_batch_buffer_limit
          • log_archive_checkpoint_interval
          • max_kept_major_version_number
          • max_px_worker_count
          • max_string_print_length
          • max_syslog_file_count
          • memory_chunk_cache_size
          • memory_limit
          • memory_limit_percentage
          • memory_reserved
          • memstore_limit_percentage
          • merge_stat_sampling_ratio
          • merge_thread_count
          • merger_completion_percentage
          • merger_switch_leader_duration_time
          • merger_warm_up_duration_time
          • micro_block_merge_verify_level
          • migrate_concurrency
          • migration_disable_time
          • min_observer_version
          • minor_deferred_gc_time
          • mysql_port
          • net_thread_count
          • ob_event_history_recycle_interval
          • ob_ratelimit_stat_period
          • obconfig_url
          • tablet_meta_table_check_interval
          • tablet_meta_table_scan_batch_count
          • plan_cache_evict_interval
          • plan_cache_high_watermark
          • plan_cache_low_watermark
          • px_task_size
          • px_workers_per_cpu_quota
          • rdma_io_thread_count
          • recyclebin_object_expire_time
          • ls_meta_table_check_interval
          • resource_hard_limit
          • rebuild_replica_data_lag_threshold
          • rootservice_async_task_queue_size
          • rootservice_async_task_thread_count
          • # rootservice_list
          • rootservice_memory_limit
          • rootservice_ready_check_interval
          • row_compaction_update_limit
          • rpc_port
          • rpc_timeout
          • schema_history_expire_time
          • schema_history_recycle_interval
          • server_balance_cpu_mem_tolerance_percent
          • server_balance_critical_disk_waterlevel
          • server_balance_disk_tolerance_percent
          • server_check_interval
          • server_cpu_quota_max
          • server_cpu_quota_min
          • server_permanent_offline_time
          • server_data_copy_out_concurrency
          • server_data_copy_in_concurrency
          • ssl_client_authentication
          • ssl_external_kms_info
          • stack_size
          • sql_audit_memory_limit
          • sys_bkgd_migration_change_member_list_timeout
          • sys_bkgd_migration_retry_num
          • sys_bkgd_net_percentage
          • switchover_process_thread_count
          • syslog_io_bandwidth_limit
          • sys_bkgd_io_high_percentage
          • syslog_level
          • sys_bkgd_io_low_percentage
          • sys_cpu_limit_trigger
          • system_memory
          • system_trace_level
          • tableapi_transport_compress_func
          • tablet_size
          • tcp_keepcnt
          • system_cpu_quota
          • tcp_keepidle
          • tcp_keepintvl
          • tenant_cpu_variation_per_server
          • tenant_task_queue_size
          • token_reserved_percentage
          • trace_log_sampling_interval
          • trace_log_slow_query_watermark
          • balancer_emergency_percentage
          • balancer_idle_time
          • balancer_log_interval
          • balancer_task_timeout
          • balancer_timeout_check_interval
          • balancer_tolerance_percentage
          • bf_cache_miss_count_threshold
          • bf_cache_priority
          • builtin_db_data_verify_cycle
          • cache_wash_threshold
          • clog_disk_utilization_threshold
          • clog_expire_days
          • clog_cache_priority
          • clog_disk_usage_limit_percentage
          • trx_2pc_retry_interval
          • tenant_groups
          • use_large_pages
          • user_block_cache_priority
          • trx_force_kill_threshold
          • trx_force_kill_threshold
          • trx_try_wait_lock_timeout
          • unit_balance_resource_weight
          • virtual_table_location_cache_expire_time
          • weak_read_version_refresh_interval
          • user_iort_up_percentage
          • workers_per_cpu_quota
          • zone
          • user_tab_col_stat_cache_priority
          • wait_leader_batch_count
          • log_disk_size
          • log_disk_percentage
          • tablet_ls_cache_priority
          • opt_tab_stat_cache_priority
          • zone_merge_concurrency
          • index_block_cache_priority
          • zone_merge_order
          • sql_login_thread_count
          • zone_merge_timeout
          • enable_asan_for_memory_context
          • ob_esi_rpc_port
          • enable_cgroup
          • enable_ob_esi_process
          • diag_syslog_per_error_limit
          • ob_esi_session_timeout
          • ob_esi_io_concurrency
          • ob_startup_mode
          • ob_esi_memory_limit
          • log_storage_warning_tolerance_time
          • ob_esi_syslog_level
          • ob_esi_max_syslog_file_count
          • sql_net_thread_count
          • minor_freeze_times
          • minor_merge_concurrency
          • minor_warm_up_duration_time
          • multiblock_read_gap_size
          • multiblock_read_size
          • ofs_list
          • partition_table_check_interval
          • replica_safe_remove_time
          • resource_soft_limit
          • restore_concurrency
          • row_purge_thread_count
          • auto_leader_switch_interval
          • auto_refresh_location_cache_rate_limit
          • autoinc_cache_refresh_interval
          • backup_backup_dest
          • clog_sync_time_warn_threshold
          • clog_transport_compress_func
          • cpu_reserved
          • cluster
          • cluster_id
          • config_additional_dir
          • cpu_count
          • data_copy_concurrency
          • data_dir
          • data_disk_usage_limit_percentage
          • data_storage_error_tolerance_time
          • data_storage_warning_tolerance_time
          • datafile_disk_percentage
          • datafile_size
          • dead_socket_detection_timeout
          • debug_sync_timeout
          • default_compress
          • default_compress_func
          • default_transport_compress_func
          • default_row_format
          • devname
          • zone
          • user_tab_col_stat_cache_priority
          • wait_leader_batch_count
          • log_disk_size
          • log_disk_percentage
          • tablet_ls_cache_priority
          • opt_tab_stat_cache_priority
          • zone_merge_concurrency
          • index_block_cache_priority
          • zone_merge_order
          • sql_login_thread_count
          • zone_merge_timeout
          • enable_asan_for_memory_context
          • ob_esi_rpc_port
          • enable_cgroup
          • enable_ob_esi_process
          • diag_syslog_per_error_limit
          • ob_esi_session_timeout
          • ob_esi_io_concurrency
          • ob_startup_mode
          • ob_esi_memory_limit
          • log_storage_warning_tolerance_time
          • ob_esi_syslog_level
          • ob_esi_max_syslog_file_count
          • sql_net_thread_count
          • minor_freeze_times
          • minor_merge_concurrency
          • minor_warm_up_duration_time
          • multiblock_read_gap_size
          • multiblock_read_size
          • ofs_list
          • partition_table_check_interval
          • replica_safe_remove_time
          • resource_soft_limit
          • restore_concurrency
          • row_purge_thread_count
        • Tenant level
          • audit_sys_operations
          • enable_monotonic_weak_read
          • external_kms_info
          • enable_sql_extension
          • default_progressive_merge_num
          • io_category_config
          • log_disk_utilization_limit_threshold
          • log_disk_utilization_threshold
          • major_compact_trigger
          • compaction_low_thread_score
          • ddl_thread_score
          • audit_trail
          • max_stale_time_for_weak_consistency
          • compaction_high_thread_score
          • minor_compact_trigger
          • compaction_mid_thread_score
          • ob_enable_batched_multi_statement
          • log_restore_concurrency
          • ob_proxy_readonly_transaction_routing_policy
          • log_archive_concurrency
          • ob_ssl_invited_common_names
          • open_cursors
          • plsql_code_type
          • clog_max_unconfirmed_log_count
          • plsql_debug
          • plsql_optimize_level
          • plsql_warnings
          • sql_work_area
          • tde_method
          • writing_throttling_maximum_duration
          • writing_throttling_trigger_percentage
          • workarea_size_policy
          • plsql_v2_compatibility
          • job_queue_processes
          • clog_persistence_compress_func
          • ha_high_thread_score
          • ha_mid_thread_score
          • ha_low_thread_score
          • ob_compaction_schedule_interval
          • default_auto_increment_mode
          • ob_query_switch_leader_retry_timeout
          • default_enable_extended_rowid
          • major_freeze_duty_time
          • undo_retention
          • connection_control_failed_connections_threshold
          • query_response_time_stats
          • query_response_time_flush
          • query_response_time_range_base
          • merger_check_interval
          • freeze_trigger_percentage
          • cpu_quota_concurrency
          • arbitration_timeout
          • compatible
          • log_transport_compress_all
          • log_transport_compress_func
          • connection_control_min_connection_delay
          • rpc_memory_limit_percentage
          • tenant_sql_login_thread_count
          • tenant_sql_net_thread_count
          • dump_data_dictionary_to_log_interval
          • enable_user_defined_rewrite_rules
          • connection_control_max_connection_delay
          • enable_clog_persistence_compress
          • enable_early_lock_release
      • System variables
        • Overview
        • System variable summary
        • Global variables
          • character_set_connection
          • ob_trx_idle_timeout
          • ob_trx_lock_timeout
          • ob_trx_timeout
          • optimizer_capture_sql_plan_baselines
          • optimizer_use_sql_plan_baselines
          • parallel_max_servers
          • parallel_servers_target
          • performance_schema
          • plugin_dir
          • character_set_database
          • query_cache_size
          • query_cache_type
          • read_only
          • recyclebin
          • resource_manager_plan
          • secure_file_priv
          • sql_auto_is_null
          • sql_mode
          • sql_quote_show_create
          • sql_safe_updates
          • character_set_filesystem
          • sql_select_limit
          • sql_throttle_current_priority
          • sql_throttle_network
          • sql_throttle_priority
          • sql_throttle_rt
          • sql_warnings
          • system_time_zone
          • time_zone
          • character_set_results
          • transaction_isolation
          • transaction_read_only
          • tx_isolation
          • tx_read_only
          • version
          • version_comment
          • wait_timeout
          • validate_password_check_user_name
          • validate_password_length
          • character_set_server
          • validate_password_mixed_case_count
          • validate_password_number_count
          • validate_password_policy
          • validate_password_special_char_count
          • server_uuid
          • default_storage_engine
          • ob_enable_rich_error_msg
          • cte_max_recursion_depth
          • regexp_stack_limit
          • event_scheduler
          • regexp_time_limit
          • character_set_system
          • log_row_value_options
          • ob_max_read_stale_time
          • collation_connection
          • collation_database
          • collation_server
          • connect_timeout
          • cursor_sharing
          • datadir
          • debug_sync
          • default_password_lifetime
          • div_precision_increment
          • error_on_overlap_time
          • explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
          • foreign_key_checks
          • group_concat_max_len
          • identity
          • auto_increment_cache_size
          • init_connect
          • innodb_strict_mode
          • interactive_timeout
          • license
          • lower_case_table_names
          • max_allowed_packet
          • max_connections
          • max_sp_recursion_depth
          • auto_increment_increment
          • max_user_connections
          • net_buffer_length
          • net_read_timeout
          • net_write_timeout
          • nls_calendar
          • nls_characterset
          • nls_comp
          • nls_currency
          • nls_date_format
          • nls_date_language
          • auto_increment_offset
          • nls_dual_currency
          • nls_iso_currency
          • nls_length_semantics
          • nls_nchar_characterset
          • nls_nchar_conv_excp
          • nls_numeric_characters
          • nls_sort
          • nls_territory
          • nls_timestamp_format
          • autocommit
          • nls_timestamp_tz_format
          • ob_bnl_join_cache_size
          • ob_create_table_strict_mode
          • ob_default_replica_num
          • ob_compatibility_mode
          • ob_enable_blk_nestedloop_join
          • ob_early_lock_release
          • ob_enable_hash_group_by
          • ob_enable_aggregation_pushdown
          • binlog_row_image
          • ob_enable_index_direct_select
          • ob_enable_jit
          • ob_enable_plan_cache
          • ob_enable_sql_audit
          • ob_enable_transformation
          • ob_enable_transmission_checksum
          • ob_enable_truncate_flashback
          • ob_global_debug_sync
          • block_encryption_mode
          • ob_log_level
          • ob_pl_block_timeout
          • ob_plan_cache_evict_high_percentage
          • ob_plan_cache_evict_low_percentage
          • ob_plan_cache_percentage
          • ob_proxy_global_variables_version
          • character_set_client
          • ob_query_timeout
          • ob_read_consistency
          • ob_reserved_meta_memory_percentage
          • ob_route_policy
          • ob_sql_audit_percentage
          • ob_sql_work_area_percentage
          • ob_tcp_invited_nodes
          • ob_temp_tablespace_size_percentage
          • ob_timestamp_service
        • Session-level variables
          • ob_trace_info
          • timestamp
          • tracefile_identifier
          • is_result_accurate
          • last_insert_id
          • nls_language
          • ob_capability_flag
          • ob_enable_show_trace
          • ob_last_schema_version
          • ob_org_cluster_id
          • ob_proxy_partition_hit
          • ob_proxy_set_trx_executed
      • System views (MySQL mode)
        • Overview
        • Dictionary views
          • Dictionary views overview
          • information_schema.GLOBAL_STATUS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • information_schema.GLOBAL_VARIABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS_V$
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • information_schema.PARAMETERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINE_CONCURRENT_HISTORY
          • information_schema.PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_SYS_VARIABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • information_schema.PROCESSLIST
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_COLUMN_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • information_schema.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS
          • information_schema.ROUTINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_MANAGEMENT_CONFIG
          • information_schema.QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • information_schema.SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • oceanbase.DBA_SEQUENCES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_USERS
          • information_schema.SCHEMATA
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USER_DEFINED_RULES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • information_schema.CHARACTER_SETS
          • information_schema.SESSION_STATUS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • information_schema.ST_GEOMETRY_COLUMNS
          • information_schema.ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CLUSTER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RSRC_IO_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLANS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
          • information_schema.SESSION_VARIABLES
          • information_schema.STATISTICS
          • information_schema.TABLES
          • information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.TABLE_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.VIEW_TABLE_USAGE
          • information_schema.VIEWS
          • information_schema.CHECK_CONSTRAINTS
          • mysql.db
          • mysql.help_category
          • mysql.help_keyword
          • mysql.help_relation
          • mysql.help_topic
          • mysql.proc
          • mysql.time_zone
          • mysql.time_zone_name
          • mysql.time_zone_transition
          • mysql.time_zone_transition_type
          • information_schema.COLLATIONS
          • mysql.user
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESOURCE_POOLS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ROOTSERVICE_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_JOBS
          • information_schema.COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_JOBS
          • information_schema.COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_CONFIGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNITS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SEQUENCE_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • information_schema.COLUMN_PRIVILEGES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_INDEXES
          • information_schema.CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • information_schema.ENGINES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
        • Performance views
          • Overview
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • V$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
          • GV$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
          • V$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • V$SYSSTAT
          • V$SESSION_EVENT
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • GV$DML_STATS
          • V$DML_STATS
          • GV$OB_LOG_STAT
          • V$OB_LOG_STAT
          • GV$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_PLAN
          • V$OB_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • GV$OB_LOG_STAT
          • V$RSRC_PLAN
          • GV$OB_UNITS
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • GV$SESSION_EVENT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • GV$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • GV$SESSTAT
          • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$LATCH
          • GV$OB_MEMORY
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • GV$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
          • GV$OB_RPC_INCOMING
          • GV$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$SESSION_LONGOPS
          • GV$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • GV$OB_PS_STAT
          • GV$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • GV$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • GV$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • GV$OB_MERGE_INFO
          • GV$OB_SSTABLES
          • GV$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • V$OB_KVCACHE
          • V$OB_PARAMETERS
          • V$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • GV$OB_KVCACHE
          • V$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • V$OB_SERVERS
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • V$OB_UNITS
          • V$STATNAME
          • V$EVENT_NAME
          • V$SESSION_WAIT
          • GV$OB_PARAMETERS
          • V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • V$SESSTAT
          • V$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • V$OB_MEMORY
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • V$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • V$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
          • V$OB_RPC_INCOMING
          • V$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • V$SESSION_LONGOPS
          • V$LATCH
          • V$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • GV$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • V$OB_PS_STAT
          • V$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • V$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • V$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • V$OB_MERGE_INFO
          • V$SQL_MONITOR_STATNAME
          • GV$OB_SERVERS
          • V$OB_ENCRYPTED_TABLES
          • V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES
          • V$OB_SSTABLES
          • V$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
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obcdc parameters

Last Updated:2024-04-22 06:42:40  Updated
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What is on this page
Cluster configuration
Metadata parameters
Working mode-related parameters
Synchronization granularity-related parameters
Monitoring-related parameters
Throttling-related parameters
Monitoring information output-related parameters
Metadata management-related parameters
Tenant management-related parameters
Fetcher module-related parameters
SQL query-related parameters
Filter data based on cluster_id
Server-level blocklist parameters
Partition-level blocklist parameters (generally not modified)
Server cache-related parameters
Log pulling-related parameters
Sequencer module-related parameters
REDO read control module-related parameters
Row data sorting module-related parameters
Configurations valid only in persistence mode
Storager module-related parameters
Data processor module-related parameters
Configurations related to batch redo log persistence
Parser module-related parameters
Formatter module-related parameters
Binlog record output-related parameters
Resource recycling-related parameters (modifications not recommended)

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For parameters of the Boolean type, the value 0 indicates False and the value 1 indicates True.

Cluster configuration

Metadata parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
init_log_level The initial log level at startup. ALL.*:INFO;SHARE.SCHEMA:INFO No The initial log level is used to generate more detailed logs. The log level is changed to the specified log_level after startup.
log_level The log level after startup. ALL.*:INFO;SHARE.SCHEMA:WARN Yes
max_log_file_count The maximum number of log files. 0 No The value must be greater than or equal to 0. If the value is 0, the number of logs is not restricted. If you change the value to a smaller one, restart obcdc for the configuration to take effect.
enable_log_limit Specifies whether to enable log throttling. 1 Yes 1: specifies to enable log throttling. 0: specifies to disable log throttling.
rootserver_list The Root Service server specified at startup. | Yes Format: server_ip:server_rpc_port:server_sql_port
cluster_url The cluster URL specified at startup. | No If OceanBase Database has a cluster URL, obcdc uses this URL to obtain the RootServer information. High availability is supported for servers.
cluster_user The username in the sys tenant. Empty (required, to be specified by the user) No The user in the sys tenant. This user must have the read privilege on internal tables.
cluster_password The password of the preceding user. Empty (required, to be specified by the user) No
config_fpath The dump path of the configuration file. etc/liboblog.conf No All obcdc configuration information will be dumped into this file.
timezone The time zone of obcdc. +8:00 No This parameter specifies the time zone in which data is formatted and exported, which must be consistent with that of the data source. The default value is UTC+8.
timezone_info_path The directory where the timezone metadata file is located. etc/timezone_info.conf Yes When meta_data_refresh_mode is set to data_dict, the timezone_info.conf file in the RPM package must be placed in this directory.
skip_ob_version_compat_check Specifies whether to skip the OceanBase version compatibility check. No No obcdc V3.x supports data synchronization with only OceanBase Database V2.x and V3.x. In addition, the obcdc version must be later than the OceanBase Database version.
cluster_version_refresh_interval_sec The interval for querying the earliest OBServer node version of the OceanBase cluster. 600 No The interval for refreshing the OceanBase cluster version, in seconds.
log_router_background_refresh_interval_sec The frequency for refreshing the log stream metadata. 10 Yes The interval for refreshing the corresponding server information at the backend for the log stream. Unit: seconds.

Working mode-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
working_mode The working mode. storage (commercial edition) No The transaction size must be controlled in business scenarios. If large transactions exist in business scenarios, use the persistence mode. We recommend that you deploy obcdc on the SSD in persistence mode.
store_service_path The path for storing data in persistence mode. ./storage No This parameter is valid only in persistence mode.
Relative path: The persistent data is stored in a relative path in the path of the process that calls obcdc.
Absolute path: The persistent data is stored in the specified absolute path, such as store_service_path=/data/1.

Synchronization granularity-related parameters

obcdc supports data synchronization in multiple dimensions. A single obcdc instance can synchronize data of one cluster, one or more tenants, several databases, and several tables.

Synchronization granularity Single obcdc instance Multiple obcdc instances
Cluster Supported (a single obcdc instance cannot support the data of multiple clusters) Yes
Tenant Yes Yes
database Yes Yes
table Yes Supported (see the following multi-instance parameters for details)

If the traffic in the tenant is heavy, a single obcdc instance may fail to synchronize the data of the entire cluster in real time. In this case, you can use multiple obcdc instances to share the load.

  1. Each obcdc instance synchronizes data of a different tenant.

  2. If it is difficult for a single obcdc instance to synchronize the data of a single tenant, you can configure multiple obcdc instances and use one instance for each table in the tenant.

    Notice

    You must configure a blocklist and an allowlist in the preceding two scenarios.

  3. If it is difficult for a single obcdc instance to synchronize a single table, you can configure multiple obcdc instances for the table and use one instance for each hash partition of the table.

    Notice

    In this case, you must configure multiple obcdc instances.

Allowlist- and blocklist-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
tb_white_list The allowlist of the tables to be synchronized. *.*.* No Format: tenant name.database name.table name, such as mytenant1.db1.tb1|mytenant2.db2.*.
tb_black_list The blocklist of tables to be synchronized. | No The format is the same as above.
tablegroup_white_list The allowlist of table groups to be synchronized. *.* No Format: tenant name.table group name, such as (mytenant1.* or_tenant*.tg*).
tablegroup_black_list The blocklist of table groups that will not be synchronized. | No The format is the same as above.
enable_filter_sys_tenant Specifies whether to filter synchronization data of the sys tenant. 0 No Enable this option when the sys tenant is abnormal but the user tenants are normal.

Note

obcdc provides data filtering capabilities based on table and table group allowlists and blocklists.

  • Only the tables and table groups in the allowlist but not in the blocklist will be synchronized. By default, all tables and table groups in all tenants are in the allowlist, and the blocklist is empty. We recommend that you configure a allowlist for the production environment to synchronize data of specified tenants. Do not use the default values, which may pull redundant data.
  • The fnmatch function is used to match tables and table groups based on regular expressions. By default, case sensitivity is disabled for matching tables and table groups. You can set enable_oracle_mode_match_case_sensitive to 1 to enable case sensitivity.

Multi-instance-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
instance_num The total number of obcdc instances. 1 No
instance_index The index of the current obcdc instance to the total number of obcdc instances (which can be understood as the hash bucket ID). 0 No The value is [0,instance_num). Each obcdc instance processes only the data whose hashed value of modinstance_num is equal to instance_index.
enable_global_unique_index_belong_to_multi_instance Specifies whether to synchronize tables with globally unique indexes in multi-instance scenarios. No Yes

Monitoring-related parameters

Throttling-related parameters

To prevent out-of-memory (OOM) issues caused by data heaping in the memory in the case of exceptions, obcdc provides throttling capabilities. Throttling is triggered based on the internal status of obcdc. Data pulling stops during throttling and resumes when obcdc becomes normal. The following table describes the throttling control parameters. You can modify them to adjust the throttling level as needed.

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
memory_limit The memory limit for triggering throttling. 20G Yes One of the throttling metrics (the same as below). However, it does not restrict obcdc from using memory higher than memory_limit. The minimum value is 2G.
system_memory_avail_percentage_lower_bound, The lower limit of available system memory, in percentage. 10 Yes Value range: [10, 80].
part_trans_task_active_count_upper_bound The maximum number of active partition transactions. 200000 Yes The number of active partition transaction structures in memory (allocated and not recycled).
storager_task_count_upper_bound The throttling threshold of the number of tasks for storager to persist. 1000 Yes Minimum value: 1.
part_trans_task_reusable_count_upper_bound The maximum number of partition transactions to reuse. 10240 Yes The sum of tasks to be generated to the user queue, tasks to be generated by users, tasks to be returned by users, and tasks pending for GC.
ready_to_seq_task_upper_bound The maximum number of tasks to be sequenced. 2000 Yes The maximum number of tasks to be sequenced, including tasks pending for parsing, tasks pending for formatting, and tasks pending for persistence.
pause_fetcher Specifies whether to forcibly stop pulling logs. No (0) Yes If this feature is enabled, obcdc forcibly stops pulling logs regardless of the logical computing result of the throttling conditions.

Reference throttling conditions:

  1. Condition 1: The number of active partitions exceeds the threshold part_trans_task_active_count_upper_bound. || The memory held by obcdc exceeds the threshold memory_limit. || The available memory of the system is lower than the threshold system_memory_avail_percentage_lower_bound.
  2. Condition 2: The number of partition transaction structures to be reused exceeds the threshold part_trans_task_reusable_count_upper_bound || The number of tasks to be sequenced exceeds the threshold ready_to_seq_task_upper_bound.
  3. Condition 3 (since 3.x): The number of tasks to be persisted exceeds the threshold storager_task_count_upper_bound. && The memory held by obcdc exceeds the throttling triggering threshold (memory_limit) multiplied by the percentage of memory used by the persistence module in the throttling memory (storager_mem_percentage).

Throttling triggering condition: ((Condition 1 && Condition 2) || Condition 3) || (pause_fetcher != 0)

Monitoring information output-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
enable_dump_pending_trans_info Specifies whether to regularly collect and print statistics on the status of distributed transactions in obcdc. No Yes If the value is set to 1, the statistics are printed once every 10 seconds.
print_fetcher_slowest_ls_num The number of partitions with the lowest log-pulling speed. 10 Yes
print_rpc_handle_info Specifies whether to print RPC-related information. No Yes
print_stream_dispatch_info Specifies whether to print the log stream information. No Yes
print_ls_heartbeat_info Specifies whether to print partition heartbeat information. No Yes
print_ls_serve_info Specifies whether to print the partition service information, such as the partition status and the number of transactions of the partition. No Yes
print_participant_not_serve_info Specifies whether to print the information about all transactions that are not in service (no data is generated) for the distributed transaction. No Yes
print_ls_server_list_update_info Specifies whether to print the details of the servers when the list of partition servers is updated. No Yes
enable_formatter_print_log Specifies whether to enable formatter to generate logs whose formatting data is omitted. No Yes

Metadata management-related parameters

obcdc V4.1 can obtain metadata such as information about schemas and log streams from data dictionaries, without the need to pull logs from OBServer nodes by using RPCs.

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
meta_data_refresh_mode The mode for obtaining metadata such as information about schemas and log streams. online No
  • online mode: obcdc queries OBServer nodes for schema information by using SchemaService. In this mode, obcdc must be able to access OBServer nodes.
  • data_dict mode: obcdc parses schema information based on the data dictionaries in logs.

Tenant management-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
skip_rename_tenant_ddl Specifies whether to ignore DDL statements that rename a tenant. No Yes The renamed tenant is not affected if it is not included in the obcdc synchronization allowlist. Otherwise, an error message is displayed and the process is terminated. This is because the rename operation overruns the allowlist restriction. In this case, we recommend that you modify the allowlist to support the tenants before and after the rename operation. When the value is set to true, the system will skip the DDL statements of the renamed tenant and continue the data synchronization.
enable_oracle_mode_match_case_sensitive The case sensitivity of tenants against the blocklist or allowlist in Oracle mode of OceanBase Database. No No

Fetcher module-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
ls_count_upper_limit The number of partition progress values. 2000000 No A maximum of 200 million partitions are supported.
check_switch_server_interval_min The interval of periodic partition check for the necessity of switching log-pulling servers. Unit: minutes. 30 Yes

SQL query-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
access_systable_helper_thread_num The maximum number of connections in the connection pool for SQL execution. 64 No Value range: [48, 1024].
rs_sql_connect_timeout_sec The timeout period for the SQL connection of the Root Service. 40 Yes
rs_sql_query_timeout_sec The timeout period for the SQL request of the Root Service. 30 Yes
tenant_sql_connect_timeout_sec The timeout period for the SQL connection of a tenant. 40 Yes
tenant_sql_query_timeout_sec The timeout period for the SQL request of a tenant. 30 Yes
sql_server_change_interval_sec The time interval for changing the SQL execution server. Unit: seconds. 60 Yes

Filter data based on cluster_id

obcdc allows you to filter data based on the cluster_id blocklist. Although OceanBase Database specifies a valid cluster_id range, you can specify the cluster_id values to filter out the following unwanted data in a synchronization task: For more information about how to configure cluster_id values, see ob_org_cluster_id.

  • The data that is not included in the valid cluster_id range specified by OceanBase Database and OceanBase Migration Service (OMS). The value range is [1, 4294901759] U [4294901760, 4294967295].
  • The data that is specified in the cluster_id_black_list field.
  • Each cluster ID in the cluster_id_black_list field must range from cluster_id_value_min to cluster_id_value_max.
Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
cluster_id_black_list The blocklist of cluster IDs. | No Separate multiple cluster IDs with vertical bars (|). Each cluster ID ranges from cluster_id_value_min to cluster_id_value_max.
cluster_id_black_value_min The lower limit of cluster IDs in the synchronization blocklist. 2147473648 No
cluster_id_black_value_max The upper limit of cluster IDs in the synchronization blocklist. 2147483647 No

Server-level blocklist parameters

obcdc can send SQL and RPC requests to the OBServer nodes. OceanBase Database provides parameters that allow you to block all requests sent to specific servers.

In addition, as obcdc pulls logs at the partition level, a built-in blocklist is provided to add servers that have timed out or errors when pulling partition logs to the blocklist. Servers are automatically added to or removed from the blocklist.

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
server_blacklist A blocklist of servers that are blocked from receiving RPC requests from obcdc. | Yes Servers are separated with vertical bars (|). Logs are not pulled from servers in the blocklist. You can manually add a server to the blocklist when the server cannot provide log services. For example, you can add a server to the blocklist in the case of network partitioning and high latency.
sql_server_blacklist A blocklist of servers that are blocked from receiving SQL requests from obcdc. | Yes Multiple servers are separated with vertical bars (|). SQL query requests will not be forwarded to the servers in the blocklist.

Partition-level blocklist parameters (generally not modified)

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
blacklist_survival_time_sec The waiting time of servers in the blocklist. Unit: seconds. 30 No
blacklist_survival_time_upper_limit_min The maximum period of servers in the blocklist. Unit: minutes. 4 Yes
blacklist_survival_time_penalty_period_min The penalty time interval threshold. If a server is added to the blocklist again within this time interval, the time for the server to stay in the blocklist is doubled. Unit: minutes. 1 Yes
blacklist_history_overdue_time_min The period after which a server is deleted from the blocklist history. Unit: minutes. 30 Yes Minimum value: 10.
blacklist_history_clear_interval_min The time interval for clearing the information about servers in the blocklist. Unit: minutes. 20 Yes Minimum value: 10.

Server cache-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
all_server_cache_update_interval_sec The time interval for updating the cached list of servers. Unit: seconds. 5 Yes
all_zone_cache_update_interval_sec The time interval for updating the cached zone information. Unit: seconds. 5 Yes

Log pulling-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
idle_pool_thread_num The number of threads that process the pending partition-level log-pulling tasks. 4 No Value range: [1,32].
dead_pool_thread_num The number of threads that recycle the partition-level log-pulling tasks. 1 No Value range: [1,32].
stream_worker_thread_num The number of threads that dispatch the partition-level log-pulling tasks. 8 No Value range: [0,64].
start_lsn_locator_thread_num The number of threads that locate the ID of the starting partition log. 4 No Value range: [1,32].
lob_data_merger_thread_num The number of LOB data processing threads. 2 No Value range: [1, +∞).
start_lsn_locator_locate_count The number of requests that complete the task of locating the starting partition log. 1 No Minimum value: 1. To locate the ID of the starting partition log, the follower partitions of the specified number must return the same starting log ID.
skip_start_lsn_locator_result_consistent_check Specifies whether to skip checking the consistency of the starting log ID. No No
svr_stream_cached_count The initial size of the object pool of the server log stream. 16 No Minimum value: 1.
fetch_stream_cached_count The initial number of logs in the object pool of the partition log stream. 16 No Minimum value: 1.
start_lsn_locator_rpc_timeout_sec The timeout period of RPC requests for locating the starting partition log ID. Unit: seconds. 60 Yes Minimum value: 1.
start_lsn_locator_batch_count The batch number of the RPC requests for locating the starting partition log ID. 2000 Yes Minimum value: 1.
heartbeat_interval_sec The time interval to send RPC requests for partition heartbeat. Unit: seconds. 1 Yes Minimum value: 1.
fetch_log_rpc_timeout_sec The timeout period of RPC requests for pulling partition logs. Unit: seconds. 15 Yes Minimum value: 1.
progress_limit_sec_for_dml The maximum number of logs that can be pulled for DML operations. 300 Yes Minimum value: 1. Log-pulling in some partitions can be much faster than others. To ensure that the log-pulling progress is roughly at the same pace across partitions, the maximum number of DML logs that can be provided by the server is limited to the sum of the minimum number of pulled logs among all partitions + the value of the progress_limit_sec_for_dml parameter.
ls_fetch_progress_update_timeout_sec The timeout threshold of RPC requests for pulling partition logs. Unit: seconds. 3 Yes Minimum value: 1.
ls_fetch_progress_update_timeout_sec_for_lagged_replica The timeout threshold of pulling logs from lagged replica. Unit: seconds. 15 Yes Minimum value: 1.
enable_continue_use_cache_server_list Specifies whether to use the server information about the cache. 0 No Enable this option when the sys tenant is abnormal but the user tenants are normal.
fetching_log_mode The log pulling mode. integrated No
  • integrated mode: This is the default log pulling mode in which obcdc sends RPC requests to an OBServer node to pull logs. In this case, you must configure the address (cluter_url or rootserver_list) of the OBServer node and the username (cluster_user) and password (cluster_password) in the sys tenant.
  • direct mode: In this mode, obcdc directly consumes archived logs without the need to send RPC requests to the OBServer node to pull logs. In this case, you must configure the archive destination in the NFS path/oss format. For more information about the archive destination, see Overview. The server where obcdc is located must be able to directly access the archive destination.

Notice

obcdc cannot pull discontinuous archived logs.

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Log pulling priority-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
region The region where the obcdc server belongs. default_region No The logs are first pulled from OBServer nodes in the region of obcdc.

RPC module parameters (modifications not recommended)

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
io_thread_num The number of I/O threads for RPC requests. 4 No Minimum value: 1.
rpc_result_cached_count The initial number of pulled logs in the object pool of RPC requests for pulling logs. 16 No Minimum value: 1.
rpc_process_handler_time_upper_limit_msec The maximum time for processing an RPC request. Unit: seconds. 200 Yes Minimum value: 1.
rpc_result_count_per_rpc_upper_limit The maximum number of unprocessed results of the log-pulling RPC request in a log stream. 16 Yes Minimum value: 1. When the number of results in a log-pulling stream reaches the maximum value, the log-pulling RPC request is suspended.

Secure communication-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
ssl_client_authentication Specifies whether secure communication is enabled. No No By default, secure communication is disabled.
ssl_external_kms_info The secure communication method. file No For external communication, only the file mode is supported. You must create a wallet directory in the boot directory of obcdc, and put the following key file in the wallet directory: ca.pem/client-cert.pem/client-key.pem.

Sequencer module-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
sequencer_thread_num The number of threads in the thread pool for sequencing distributed transactions. 5 No Minimum value: 1.
sequencer_queue_length The number of partition transactions waiting to be sequenced. 102400 No Minimum value: 1.

REDO read control module-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
redo_dispatched_memory_limit_exceed_ratio Controls the size limit of the redo logs to be processed when enable_output_trans_order_by_sql_operation is set to 1. To be specific, the size of the redo logs allowed to be processed in the memory equals redo_dispatched_memory_limit_exceed_ratio * redo_dispatcher_memory_limi. 2 Yes Minimum value: 1.
redo_dispatcher_memory_limit The size limit of the redo logs to be processed. 512 M Yes The minimum value is 128 MB.
extra_redo_dispatch_memory_size The extra redo size allocated to skew participants to avoid deadlocks, which may cause OceanBase Change Data Capture (CDC) not to generate data in a data skew scenario. 4 MB Yes [0 M, 512 M]

Row data sorting module-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
msg_sorter_task_count_upper_limit The maximum number of tasks for the row data sorting module in a transaction. 200000 No Minimum value: 1.
msg_sorter_thread_num The total number of threads for the row data sorting module in a transaction. 1 No The minimum value is 1, and the maximum value is 32.

Configurations valid only in persistence mode

Storager module-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
storager_thread_num The number of threads in the thread pool of the storager module. 10 No
storager_queue_length The number of tasks to be persisted. 102400 No

Data processor module-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
reader_thread_num The number of threads in the thread pool for reading data from the storager module. 10 No
reader_queue_length The number of data deserialization tasks waiting to be processed. 102400 No

Configurations related to batch redo log persistence

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
batch_buf_count The number of memory buffers for batch redo log persistence. 10 No The minimum value is 5.
batch_buf_size The size of a memory buffer for batch redo log persistence. 20 MB No The minimum value is 2 MB.

Parser module-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
dml_parser_thread_num The number of threads in the thread pool for parsing DML statements. 5 No Minimum value: 1.
ddl_parser_thread_num The number of threads in the thread pool for parsing DDL statements. 1 No Minimum value: 1.
skip_reversed_schema_version Specifies whether to ignore schema version rollback. No No Generally, the schema version monotonically increases during the processing of DDL statements. The rollback of the schema version indicates an exception. However, you can use this parameter to skip the exception.

Formatter module-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
formatter_thread_num The number of threads in the thread pool for data formatting. 10 No Minimum value: 1.
skip_dirty_data Specifies whether to skip data exceptions. No Yes Current exceptions: 1. Non-full column logging. This means the clogs only recorded the columns that have been changed. Parameter: binlog_row_image. 2. Exceptions in DDL statements of the tenant restored from a physical backup.

Binlog record output-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
enable_output_trans_order_by_sql_operation Specifies whether to generate data rows in the transaction in the order that the SQL statements are executed. No No The execution order refers to the order in which OceanBase Database makes changes to the data. It may not be the same as the order in which the SQL statements are sent from the client.
sort_trans_participants Specifies whether to sort SQL statements by the distributed transaction participants. 1 No The parameter specifies whether to sort statements by the partition key. You can maintain a stable statement output sequence by using this parameter together with the enable_output_trans_order_by_sql_operation parameter.
enable_output_hidden_primary_key Specifies whether to generate the hidden primary keys of tables without primary keys. No No You can generate the hidden primary keys of tables without primary keys by setting the parameter value to 1.
enable_convert_timestamp_to_unix_timestamp Specifies whether to convert a timestamp to an integer in the Unix format. No No
enable_output_invisible_column Specifies whether to generate the hidden columns. No No
output_heartbeat_interval_msec The time interval for generating the information about security timestamps. Unit: seconds. 3 Yes

Resource recycling-related parameters (modifications not recommended)

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
resource_collector_thread_num The number of threads in the thread pool for recycling resources. 10 No Minimum value: 1.
resource_collector_thread_num_for_br The number of threads in the thread pool for recycling binlog records. 7 No The value of this parameter must be larger than that of the resource_collector_thread_num parameter.

Notice

We recommend that you do not modify the parameters that are not listed in this topic.

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Cluster configuration
Metadata parameters
Working mode-related parameters
Synchronization granularity-related parameters
Monitoring-related parameters
Throttling-related parameters
Monitoring information output-related parameters
Metadata management-related parameters
Tenant management-related parameters
Fetcher module-related parameters
SQL query-related parameters
Filter data based on cluster_id
Server-level blocklist parameters
Partition-level blocklist parameters (generally not modified)
Server cache-related parameters
Log pulling-related parameters
Sequencer module-related parameters
REDO read control module-related parameters
Row data sorting module-related parameters
Configurations valid only in persistence mode
Storager module-related parameters
Data processor module-related parameters
Configurations related to batch redo log persistence
Parser module-related parameters
Formatter module-related parameters
Binlog record output-related parameters
Resource recycling-related parameters (modifications not recommended)