OceanBase logo

OceanBase

A unified distributed database ready for your transactional, analytical, and AI workloads.

DEPLOY YOUR WAY

OceanBase Cloud

The best way to deploy and scale OceanBase

OceanBase Enterprise

Run and manage OceanBase on your infra

TRY OPEN SOURCE

OceanBase Community Edition

The free, open-source distributed database

OceanBase seekdb

Open source AI native search database

Customer Stories

Real-world success stories from enterprises across diverse industries.

View All
BY USE CASES

Mission-Critical Transactions

Global & Multicloud Application

Elastic Scaling for Peak Traffic

Real-time Analytics

Active Geo-redundancy

Database Consolidation

Resources

Comprehensive knowledge hub for OceanBase.

Blog

Live Demos

Training & Certification

Documentation

Official technical guides, tutorials, API references, and manuals for all OceanBase products.

View All
PRODUCTS

OceanBase Cloud

OceanBase Database

Tools

Connectors and Middleware

QUICK START

OceanBase Cloud

OceanBase Database

BEST PRACTICES

Practical guides for utilizing OceanBase more effectively and conveniently

Company

Learn more about OceanBase – our company, partnerships, and trust and security initiatives.

About OceanBase

Partner

Trust Center

Contact Us

International - English
中国站 - 简体中文
日本 - 日本語
Sign In
Start on Cloud

A unified distributed database ready for your transactional, analytical, and AI workloads.

DEPLOY YOUR WAY

OceanBase Cloud

The best way to deploy and scale OceanBase

OceanBase Enterprise

Run and manage OceanBase on your infra

TRY OPEN SOURCE

OceanBase Community Edition

The free, open-source distributed database

OceanBase seekdb

Open source AI native search database

Customer Stories

Real-world success stories from enterprises across diverse industries.

View All
BY USE CASES

Mission-Critical Transactions

Global & Multicloud Application

Elastic Scaling for Peak Traffic

Real-time Analytics

Active Geo-redundancy

Database Consolidation

Comprehensive knowledge hub for OceanBase.

Blog

Live Demos

Training & Certification

Documentation

Official technical guides, tutorials, API references, and manuals for all OceanBase products.

View All
PRODUCTS
OceanBase CloudOceanBase Database
ToolsConnectors and Middleware
QUICK START
OceanBase CloudOceanBase Database
BEST PRACTICES

Practical guides for utilizing OceanBase more effectively and conveniently

Learn more about OceanBase – our company, partnerships, and trust and security initiatives.

About OceanBase

Partner

Trust Center

Contact Us

Start on Cloud
编组
All Products
    • Databases
    • iconOceanBase Database
    • iconOceanBase Cloud
    • iconOceanBase Tugraph
    • iconInteractive Tutorials
    • iconOceanBase Best Practices
    • Tools
    • iconOceanBase Cloud Platform
    • iconOceanBase Migration Service
    • iconOceanBase Developer Center
    • iconOceanBase Migration Assessment
    • iconOceanBase Admin Tool
    • iconOceanBase Loader and Dumper
    • iconOceanBase Deployer
    • iconKubernetes operator for OceanBase
    • iconOceanBase Diagnostic Tool
    • iconOceanBase Binlog Service
    • Connectors and Middleware
    • iconOceanBase Database Proxy
    • iconEmbedded SQL in C for OceanBase
    • iconOceanBase Call Interface
    • iconOceanBase Connector/C
    • iconOceanBase Connector/J
    • iconOceanBase Connector/ODBC
    • iconOceanBase Connector/NET
icon

OceanBase Database

SQL - V4.1.0Enterprise Edition

  • What is OceanBase Database
    • Overview
    • Differences between the features of the Enterprise Edition and the Community Edition
    • System architecture
    • Compatibility with Oracle
      • Overview
      • SQL data types
      • Built-in functions
      • System views
    • Compatibility with MySQL
    • Limitations
  • Get Started
    • Get started with OceanBase Database
    • Learn OceanBase SQL
      • Before you begin
      • Basic SQL operations (MySQL mode)
      • Basic SQL operations (Oracle mode)
    • Build a sample application (MySQL mode)
      • Build a Python application
      • Build a Java application
      • Build a C application
      • Build a Go application
    • Build a sample application (Oracle mode)
      • Build a Python application
      • Build a Java application
      • Build a C application
    • Try out advanced features of OceanBase Database
      • Scalable OLTP
        • Run the TPC-C benchmark in OceanBase Database
        • Try out the hot row update capability of OceanBase Database
      • Try out operational OLAP
      • Try out parallel import and data compression
      • Try out the multi-tenant feature
      • DDL
        • Try out new DDL features in MySQL mode
        • Try out new DDL features in Oracle mode
    • Video tutorials
  • Develop
    • Develop applications in MySQL mode
      • Connect to OceanBase Database
        • Overview
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using the mysql client
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Boot
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Batch
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring JDBC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring JPA
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Hibernate
        • Use database connection pool
          • Database connection pool configuration
          • Configure a Tomcat connection pool
          • Configure a C3P0 connection pool
          • Configure a Proxool connection pool
          • Configure a HiKariCP connection pool
          • Configure a DBCP connection pool
          • Configure a CommonPool connection pool
          • Configure a JDBC connection pool
      • Create database objects
        • Create a database
        • Create a table
        • Create indexes
      • Write data
        • Insert data
        • Update data
        • Delete data
        • Replace data
      • Read data
        • About queries
        • Single-table queries
        • Conditional queries
        • ORDER BY queries
        • GROUP BY queries
        • Use the LIMIT clause in queries
        • Join tables
          • INNER JOIN queries
          • FULL JOIN queries
          • LEFT JOIN queries
          • RIGHT JOIN queries
          • Subqueries
        • Use operators and functions in queries
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use numerical functions in queries
          • Use string concatenation operators in queries
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use datetime functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use the CASE conditional operator in queries
          • Use the SELECT FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
        • Execution plans
          • View an execution plan
          • Understand an execution plan
        • Use SQL hints in queries
        • Variables of query timeout
      • Transactions
        • Overview
        • Start a transaction
        • Savepoints
          • Mark a savepoint
          • Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
          • Release a savepoint
        • Commit a transaction
        • Roll back a transaction
      • Troubleshoot common errors
        • Disconnected from the server, with ERROR 2013 reported
        • Idle transaction timed out, with ERROR 6002 reported
        • Transaction timed out, with ERROR 4012 reported
        • User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
        • Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
        • Table already exists, with ERROR 1050 reported
        • Table does not exist, with ERROR 1146 reported
        • Duplicate data inserted, with ERROR 1062 reported
        • ERROR 1215 reported in foreign key addition
        • Data truncated while being inserted, with ERROR 1265 reported
    • Develop applications in Oracle mode
      • Connect to OceanBase Database
        • Overview
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Boot
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Batch
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring JDBC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using MyBatis
        • Use database connection pool
          • Database connection pool configuration
          • Configure a Tomcat connection pool
          • Configure a C3P0 connection pool
          • Configure a Proxool connection pool
          • Configure a HiKariCP connection pool
          • Example of configuring a DBCP connection pool
          • Configure a CommonPool connection pool
          • Configure a JDBC connection pool
      • Create database objects
        • Create a table
        • Create an index
      • Write data
        • Insert data
        • Update data
        • Delete data
        • Replace data
      • Read data
        • About queries
        • Single-table queries
        • Conditional queries
        • ORDER BY queries
        • GROUP BY queries
        • Use Row_Limiting_Clause in queries
        • Join tables
          • INNER JOIN queries
          • FULL JOIN queries
          • LEFT JOIN queries
          • RIGHT JOIN queries
          • Subqueries
        • Use operators and functions in queries
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use numerical functions in queries
          • Use string concatenation operators in queries
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use datetime functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use CASE functions in queries
          • Use the SELECT FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
        • Execution plans
          • View execution plans of queries
          • Understand an execution plan
        • Use SQL hints in queries
        • About query timeout variables
      • Transactions
        • Overview
        • Start a transaction
        • Savepoints
          • Mark a savepoint
          • Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
        • Commit a transaction
        • Roll back a transaction
      • Troubleshoot common errors
        • Idle transaction timed out, with ORA-24761 error reported
        • Transaction timeout, with ORA-00600 error reported
        • User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
        • Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
        • Table already exists, with ORA-00955 error reported
        • Table does not exist, with ORA-04043 error reported
        • Duplicate data inserted, with ORA-00001 error reported
        • ORA-00600 error reported in foreign key addition
        • Inconsistent data types, with ORA-00932 error reported
  • Deploy
    • Overview
    • OceanBase cluster deployment solutions
    • Deploy OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition
      • Deployment process
      • Before deployment
        • Prepare servers
        • Configure servers
        • Prepare installation packages
      • Deploy through GUI
        • Configure deployment environment
          • Deploy OAT
          • Verify OAT deployment
          • Configure the clock source
          • Upload installation packages
          • Add a server
          • Edit a server
          • Create MetaDB
        • Deploy OCP
          • Overview
          • Deploy OCP
          • Verify OCP deployment
        • Deploy OceanBase clusters
          • Add an OBServer node to the resource pool
          • Create an OceanBase cluster
        • Deploy ODP
          • Overview
          • Deploy ODP
        • Create OceanBase tenant
          • View resources available for a business tenant
          • Create a tenant
          • Verify connectivity after tenant creation
        • Deploy ODC
          • Overview
          • Deploy ODC
          • Verify ODC deployment
      • Deploy through CLI
        • Configure deployment environment
          • Install oat-cli
          • Use oat-cli to configure the deployment environment
          • Configure the clock source
          • Upload installation packages
          • Configure host information
          • Check the environment before deployment
        • Deploy OCP
          • Overview
          • Generate a configuration file
          • Deploy OCP
          • Verify OCP deployment
        • Deploy OceanBase clusters
          • Deploy a single-replica OceanBase cluster
          • Deploy a three-replica OceanBase cluster
        • Deploy ODP
          • Deploy ODP
        • Create OceanBase tenants
          • View resources available for a business tenant
          • Create a tenant
          • Verify connectivity after tenant creation
        • Deploy ODC
          • Overview
          • Modify the configuration file
          • Start deployment
          • Verify deployment
    • Deploy OceanBase Database Community Edition
      • Overview
      • Deploy locally
        • Software and hardware requirements
        • Before deployment
          • Check resources
          • Set password-free SSH logon
          • Configure the clock source
          • Perform disk planning
          • Configure the limits.conf file
          • Configure the sysctl.conf file
          • Disable the firewall and SELinux
          • Create a user
        • Deploy through GUI
          • Deploy an OceanBase cluster by using OCP
        • Deploy OceanBase Database in a production environment by using a CLI
      • Deploy OceanBase Database in a Kubernetes cluster
    • Clean up an old cluster
  • Migrate
    • About data migration
    • Migrate from MySQL databases to OceanBase Database
      • Migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database by using mydumper and myloader
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use CloudCanal to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use Canal to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use Flink CDC to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use ChunJun to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to MySQL databases
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Synchronize data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using Canal
      • Migrate data from a MySQL OceanBase database to a MySQL database using CloudCanal
      • Migrate data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using Flink CDC
      • Migrate data from a MySQL database in OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using ChunJun
    • Migrate from Oracle databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to Oracle databases
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
    • Migrate from DB2 databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate DB2 LUW table schemas to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from CSV files to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate CSV files to OceanBase Database
      • Import data by using the LOAD DATA statement
    • Import data from SQL files to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate data between OceanBase Database
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between MySQL tenants in OceanBase Database clusters
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from a MySQL tenant to an Oracle tenant in an OceanBase cluster
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between Oracle tenants in OceanBase Database clusters
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from an Oracle tenant to a MySQL tenant in OceanBase Database
    • Migrate data using SQL statements
      • Migrate data between tables
      • Migrate resource units
      • Export data by using OUTFILE statements
    • Bypass import
      • Overview
      • Import data in bypass mode by using the LOAD DATA statement
      • Import data in bypass mode by using the INSERT INTO SELECT statement
  • Manage
    • Log on to an OceanBase Database tenant
    • Manage clusters
      • Overview
      • Cluster parameters
      • Common cluster operations
        • View a zone
        • View a node
        • Restart a node
        • Add a node
        • Delete a node
        • Isolate a node
        • Replace a node
        • Start a zone
        • Add a zone
        • Delete a zone
        • Modify a zone
        • Isolate a zone
        • View cluster parameters
        • Modify cluster parameters
        • Online scale-out from standalone deployment to distributed deployment
        • Upgrade clusters
          • Upgrade using CLI
            • Overview
            • Perform an upgrade
            • Check upgrade results
      • Troubleshoot common problems
        • Failures of a minority of nodes
        • Failures of the majority of nodes
    • Manage tenants
      • Tenant introduction
      • Tenant capacity
      • Tenant types
      • User tenants
      • System variables of a tenant
      • Common tenant operations
        • Create a tenant
        • Resource isolation
          • Overview
          • Manage resource isolation (Oracle mode)
            • Configure cgroups
            • Configure user-level resource isolation
            • Configure SQL statement-level resource isolation
            • Update a plan directive
            • Delete a plan directive
            • Delete a resource management plan
            • Delete a resource group
            • Clear cgroup configurations
          • Manage resource isolation (MySQL mode)
            • Configure cgroups
            • Configure user-level resource isolation
            • Configure SQL statement-level resource isolation
            • Update a plan directive
            • Delete a plan directive
            • Delete a resource management plan
            • Delete a resource group
            • Clear cgroup configurations
        • View tenant and resource information
        • Set and modify the tenant allowlist
        • View system variables of a tenant
        • Modify system variables of a tenant
        • Scale in/out
          • Tenant scaling
          • Modify the unit configs for a tenant
          • Modify the number of resource units for a tenant
          • Modify the number of primary zones for a tenant
        • Modify the attributes of a resource pool
        • Modify attributes of a tenant
        • Lock and unlock a tenant
        • Drop a tenant
        • Restore a tenant
        • Drop a resource pool
        • Drop a unit config
    • Manage replicas
      • What is replica
      • Replica distribution
        • Locality
        • Locality common operations
          • View locality
          • Modify locality
          • Add replicas
          • Remove replicas
          • Adjust the distribution of replicas
          • View the locality change history
          • Migrate units
      • Traffic distribution
      • Data distribution
    • High availability
      • What is high availability
      • Multi-replica disaster recovery
        • Data links
        • High availability of ODP
        • Database-level high availability
        • Disaster recovery architecture and levels
      • Physical standby database disaster recovery
        • Overview
        • Limitations
        • Create a standby tenant
        • Change the restore source of a standby tenant
        • Monitor the log synchronization status of a standby tenant
        • Adjust the log synchronization performance of a standby tenant
        • Adjust the log archiving speed of the primary tenant
        • Switch roles
          • Overview
          • Switchover
          • Failover
        • Drop a primary or standby tenant
      • Arbitration high availability
        • Overview
        • Enable the arbitration service
        • Disable the arbitration service
        • Modify the downgrade timeout period
        • Replace the arbitration service
        • Remove the arbitration service
      • Manage recycle bin
        • Recycle bin
        • Enable or disable the recycle bin
        • View objects in the recycle bin
        • Restore objects from the recycle bin
        • Purge the recycle bin
      • Flashback queries
    • Security and permissions
      • Overview
      • Identification and authentication
        • MySQL mode
          • Authentication
          • Password complexity
          • Login failure processing
        • Oracle mode
          • Authentication
          • Password complexity
          • Login failure processing
      • Access control
        • Overview
        • Users and permissions
          • Overview
          • MySQL mode
            • Privilege types in MySQL mode
            • Grant privileges
            • Privilege delegation
            • View user privileges
            • Modify user privileges
          • Oracle mode
            • Privilege types in Oracle mode
            • Direct privileges
            • Privilege delegation
            • Manage roles
            • Indirect privileges
            • View user privileges
            • Modify user privileges
        • Network security access control
        • Row-level access control
      • Data transmission encryption
        • Overview
        • OBServer transmission encryption
        • ODP transmission encryption
      • Transparent data encryption
        • Overview
        • MySQL mode
          • Enable transparent data encryption for new tables
          • Enable transparent data encryption for existing tables
          • Decrypt a table
        • Oracle mode
          • Enable transparent data encryption for a new table
          • Enable transparent data encryption for an existing table
          • Decrypt a table
      • Security audit
        • Overview
        • Enable security audit
        • Set and view audit rules
        • View audit records
        • Audit user logon operations
        • Audit user operations
        • Audit specified database objects
    • Backup and restore
      • Introduction to physical backup and restore
      • Deploy NFS
      • Log archive
        • Overview
        • Prepare for log archiving
        • Enable log archiving
        • Disable log archiving
        • View information about pieces
        • View the archiving progress
        • View the archiving history
        • View the archiving parameter settings
        • Change the destination of log archiving
        • Views related to log archiving
      • Data backup
        • Preparations
        • Initiate a full data backup job
        • Initiate an incremental data backup job
        • Stop a backup job
        • View the data backup progress
        • View the data backup history
        • View data backup parameter settings
        • Change the backup destination
        • Views related to data backup
      • Clear backup data
        • Automatic cleanup of expired backups
        • Stop backup cleanup
        • Query the backup cleanup progress
        • Query the backup cleanup history
        • Backup cleanup parameter
        • Views related to backup cleanup
      • Restore data
        • Preparations before the restore
        • Perform physical restore
        • Cancel the restore
        • Query the restore progress
        • Query the restore result
        • Change the role of a standby tenant to PRIMARY
        • Replay logs to a standby tenant
        • Parameters related to physical restore
        • Views related to physical restore
    • Monitoring
      • Overview
      • Metrics
        • System monitoring
          • Overview
          • Metrics
          • Wait events
          • Latch events
        • SQL monitoring
          • Overview
          • SQL Audit
          • Execution plans
      • Cases
    • Logs
      • Overview
      • Log levels
      • Log stability
      • Log control
      • Log metrics
      • View logs
        • Search for the logs of a specific SQL request
    • Performance tuning
      • SQL tuning
        • Execution plan optimization
          • Statistical information and row estimation
            • Statistical information
              • Collect statistical information
                • Automatic statistics collection
        • Business logic optimization
          • Schema specifications
    • Troubleshooting
      • Troubleshoot SQL execution errors
  • Reference
    • Concepts
      • Overall architecture of OceanBase Database
      • Database objects
        • Oracle mode
          • Tables
            • Overview
        • MySQL mode
          • Tables
            • Data type
              • Date and time data types
      • Data reliability and high availability
        • High availability architecture
          • Automatic handling of node failures
    • Administrator guide
      • Database connection and routing
        • Overview
        • Manage ODP
          • Overview
          • Manage ODP clusters
            • Create an ODP cluster
            • Manage ODP cluster parameters
            • Delete an ODP cluster
            • Upgrade all ODPs in an ODP cluster
            • Restart all ODPs in an ODP cluster
            • Manage OceanBase clusters connected to an ODP
            • Monitor ODP cluster performance
          • Manage ODP
            • Add an ODP
            • Start an ODP
            • Refresh ODP configurations
            • Stop an ODP
            • Restart an ODP
            • Delete an ODP
            • Upgrade one or more ODPs
          • ODP startup parameters
        • Physical connections
        • Logical connection
          • Query all sessions
          • Query the details of a session
          • Query the metrics of a session
          • Query session variables
          • Terminate a server session
        • Manage routing
          • Table-based routing of ODP
          • LDC-based routing
          • ODP routing policy
            • Read/Write splitting
            • Follower-first read
            • Blocklist mechanism
            • Transaction routing
      • Cluster and multi-tenant management
        • Manage clusters
          • Create a cluster
          • Manage clusters
          • Manage cluster parameters
            • Overview
            • Query cluster parameters
            • Modify cluster-level parameters
          • Manage zones in clusters
            • Overview of zone management
            • Add or delete a zone
            • Start or stop a zone
            • Modify the configurations of a zone
            • Restart a zone
            • Isolate a failed zone
          • Manage nodes
            • Add nodes
            • View the status of a node
            • Stop or start a node
            • Restart a node
            • Isolate a failed node
            • Delete a node
            • Replace a node
          • View the topology of a cluster
          • Overview of cluster tenant management
          • Monitor cluster performance
          • Cluster performance report
          • View resource information of a cluster
        • Manage configurations
          • Overview of configuration management
          • Set parameters
          • Set variables
          • General system parameters
          • Default production parameters
          • Minimum resource configurations
        • Manage resources
          • Overview
          • Create a resource unit configuration
          • Manage resource units
            • View resource unit configurations
            • Modify configurations of a resource unit
            • Drop a resource unit
          • Create a resource pool
          • Manage resource pools
            • View resource pools
            • Allocate a resource pool to a tenant
            • Modify a resource pool
            • Merge resource pools
            • Split a resource pool
            • Remove a resource pool from a tenant
            • Delete a resource pool
          • View resource allocation
        • Manage tenants
          • Overview of tenant management
          • Create a tenant
          • Create a user tenant
          • View tenant information
          • Copy a tenant
          • Modify a tenant
          • Rename a tenant
          • Drop a tenant
          • Manage users and permissions
            • Introduction
              • Overview
              • sys tenant
              • Oracle tenants
              • MySQL tenants
            • Oracle mode
              • Create a user
              • Set password complexity rules
              • Handle logon failures
              • View user privileges
              • Modify user privileges
              • Change the password of a user
              • Lock and unlock a user
              • Drop a user
              • Manage roles
                • Overview
                • Create a role
                • Assign a role to another role
                • Assign a role to a user
                • Specify valid or invalid roles for a user
                • View roles
                • Modify a role
                • Revoke a role
                • Drop a role
            • MySQL mode
              • Create a user
              • Set password complexity rules
              • Handle logon failures
              • View user privileges
              • Modify user privileges
              • Change the password of a user
              • Lock and unlock a user
              • Drop a user
          • Set and view the tenant allowlist
          • View the topology of a tenant
          • View the resource configurations of a tenant
          • Modify the resource configurations of a tenant
          • View the performance metrics of a tenant
          • View tenant sessions
          • Terminate a tenant session
          • Set the maximum number of connections for a tenant
          • Manage tenant parameters
            • Overview
            • Query tenant-level parameters
            • Modify tenant-level parameters
          • Manage tenant variables
        • Manage data storage
          • Dump management
            • Overview
            • Automatically trigger a minor compaction
            • Manually initiate a minor compaction
            • View minor compaction information
            • Modify minor compaction settings
          • Merge management
            • Overview
            • Automatically trigger a major compaction
            • Configure scheduled major compactions
            • Adaptive major compaction
            • Manually initiate a major compaction
            • Manually control a major compaction
            • View the major compaction process
            • Modify major compaction settings
          • Data compression
            • Overview
            • Data encoding and compression
        • Manage memory
          • Overview
          • Memory structure
          • Set the maximum memory for an OceanBase database
          • Manage internal system memory
          • Manage internal tenant memory
          • Manage the memory of the plan cache
          • Memleak-based regular memory leak diagnostics mechanism
          • Query memory usage information
          • Common memory issues
        • Manage processes
          • Overview
          • Multi-tenant threads of OceanBase Database
          • FAQ about multi-tenant threads
          • Background threads of OceanBase Database
        • Manage logs
          • Log overview
          • Log print level
            • Log generation levels
            • Set a log generation level
          • Manage size and quantity of log files
            • Use the log file splitting feature
            • Control the number of log files
          • View logs
            • Query the log of an SQL request
            • Query the log of a previous SQL request by using the SQL Trace feature
      • Manage database objects
        • Overview
        • MySQL mode
          • Manage databases
            • Create a database
            • View databases
            • Modify a database
            • Drop a database
          • Manage tables
            • Overview
            • Create a table
            • Define an auto-increment column
            • Define column constraints
            • Query the definition of a table
            • Modify a table
            • Empty a table
            • Drop a table
            • Lock a table
          • Manage indexes
            • Overview
            • Create an index
            • Query indexes
            • Drop an index
          • Manage views
          • Manage sequence
            • Create a sequence
            • Query sequences
            • Reference a sequence
            • Modify a sequence
            • Drop a sequence
          • Manage triggers
            • Overview
            • Create a DML trigger
            • Query trigger information
            • Drop a trigger
        • Oracle mode
          • Manage tables
            • Overview
            • Create a table
            • Define column constraints
            • Query the definition of a table
            • Modify a table
            • Empty a table
            • Drop a table
            • Lock a table
          • Manage indexes
            • Overview
            • Create an index
            • Query indexes
            • Drop an index
          • Manage views
          • Manage sequences
          • Manage synonyms
          • Manage triggers
            • Overview
            • Create a DML trigger
            • Create an INSTEAD OF trigger
            • Create a composite trigger
            • Modify and drop a trigger
            • Disable or enable a trigger
            • Query trigger information
          • Manage directory objects
          • Manage DBLink
            • Create a DBLink
            • View existing DBLinks
            • Use a DBLink to access data in a remote database
            • Use a DBLink to modify data in a remote database
            • Drop a DBLink
      • Manage replicas
        • Manage partitions
          • Oracle mode
            • Overview
            • Create a partitioned table
            • Modify partitioning rules
            • Add a partition
            • Drop partitions
            • Truncate a partition
            • Partition pruning
            • Query data in specified partitions
            • Create partitioned table index
              • Overview
              • Local indexes
              • Global indexes
          • MySQL mode
            • Overview
            • Create a partitioned table
            • Modify partitioning rules
            • Add a partition
            • Drop partitions
            • Truncate a partition
            • Partition pruning
            • Query data in specified partitions
            • Create partitioned table index
              • Overview
              • Local indexes
              • Global indexes
        • Manage replicas
          • Overview
          • Create a replica
          • Edit a tenant replica in a zone
          • Delete a tenant replica from a zone
        • Manage locality
          • Overview
          • Modify tenant locality
      • O&M
        • Scaling
          • Overview
          • Overview
            • Scale out
              • Add zones to a cluster
              • Add OBServer nodes to zones
            • Scale in
              • Delete zones from a cluster
              • Delete OBServer nodes from zones
          • Tenant resource scaling
            • Modify unit_config
            • Modify UNIT_NUM
        • Monitoring and alerting
          • Overview
          • Monitoring
            • Status monitoring
            • Performance monitoring
            • SQL monitoring
          • Alerting
            • Configure an alert channel
            • Alert push
            • Perform alert management
            • Manage general alert rules
        • Performance diagnosis
          • ASH report
            • ASH
            • Generate ASH reports
            • Analyze ASH reports
        • Emergency handling
          • Analysis, diagnostics, and decision-making process
          • Common emergency problem handling
            • Issues related to capacity changes
              • High disk I/O on the node
              • Tenant memory full
    • Performance tuning guide
      • Overview
      • Performance related tools
        • System tools
          • General tool Top
          • CPU tools
          • Memory tools
          • Disk I/O tools
          • Network tools
        • Internal tables
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
        • Logs
          • slow trans
          • dump tenant info
          • trace log
        • OCP
      • System tuning
        • OS parameter tuning
        • Database parameter tuning
          • CPU parameters
          • I/O parameters
          • Memory-related parameters
          • Network transmission parameters
        • OBProxy parameter tuning
          • CPU parameters
          • Network transmission parameters
          • Route parameters on nodes
      • Business model tuning
        • Load balancing
        • SQL diagnostics
        • Distributed transactions
      • SQL optimization guide
        • SQL request execution process
        • SQL execution plan
          • Introduction to SQL execution plans
          • Execution plan operator
            • TABLE SCAN
            • JOIN
            • COUNT
            • GROUP BY
            • WINDOW FUNCTION
            • SUBPLAN FILTER
            • DISTINCT
            • SEQUENCE
            • MATERIAL
            • SORT
            • LIMIT
            • FOR UPDATE
            • SELECT INTO
            • SUBPLAN SCAN
            • UNION
            • INTERSECT
            • EXCEPT/MINUS
            • INSERT
            • DELETE
            • UPDATE
            • MERGE
            • EXCHANGE
            • GI
          • Plan cache
          • Fast parameterization
          • Real-time execution plan display
        • Distributed execution plan
          • Perform distributed execution and parallel queries
          • Generate a distributed plan
          • Schedule distributed execution plans
          • Manage distributed execution plans
          • Execute parallel queries
          • Perform parameter tuning for a parallel query
          • Parallel DML
        • SQL optimization
          • Overview
          • General procedure of SQL tuning
          • SQL execution performance monitoring
            • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
            • SQL Trace
            • Plan cache views
            • SQL performance analysis example
              • Use SQL Audit to analyze wait events in a query
              • Analyze SQL queries that cause an abrupt RT jitter
              • View and analyze the shape of an execution plan
              • Analyze slow SQL queries
              • Query SQL traffic distribution and QPS
              • Check whether SQL queries are balanced across servers in a cluster
              • Find the TOP N SQL queries
              • Analyze whether an unusually large number of remote execution requests exist in the system or the execution of an SQL statement
              • Find full table scan SQL statements in a tenant
              • Find the TOP N queries with the longest execution time within a specified period
              • Analyze queries related to distributed plans
              • Check whether the RPC execution count of a distributed subplan is balanced across servers in a cluster
          • Optimizer statistics
            • Overview of statistics
            • Statistics conllection methods
              • Overview
              • Histograms
              • Manual statistics collection
              • Automatic statistics collection
              • Online statistics collection
            • Statistics management
              • Overview
              • Deletion
              • Setting
              • Import and export
              • Locking and unlocking
              • History management
              • Collection strategy prefs management
            • Examples
          • Query rewrite
            • Overview
            • Rule-based query rewrite
            • Cost-based query rewrite
          • Query optimization
            • Access path
              • Overview
              • Rule-based path selection
              • Cost-based path selection
            • Join algorithm
              • Overview
              • Join algorithms
              • Join order
          • Manage execution plans
            • Optimizer hints
            • Plan binding
            • SQL plan management
        • Glossary
        • General issues in SQL tuning
      • Performance testing
        • Run the TPC-H benchmark on OceanBase Database
        • TPC-H benchmark report of OceanBase Database
        • Run the Sysbench benchmark on OceanBase Database
        • Sysbench benchmark report of OceanBase Database
        • Run the TPC-C benchmark on OceanBase Database
        • TPC-C benchmark report of OceanBase Database
    • Application development reference
      • SQL syntax
        • System tenants
          • Overview
          • ALTER SYSTEM
            • BACKUP
            • Log archive
            • BALANCE TASK
            • CANCEL MIGRATE UNIT
            • CHANGE TENANT
            • DELETE BACKUPSET
            • DELETE OBSOLETE BACKUP
            • FAILOVER
            • FLUSH
            • JOB
            • MERGE
            • MIGRATE UNIT
            • PARAMETER
            • RECOVER
            • REFRESH
            • REPLICA
            • RESTORE
            • SERVER
            • SWITCHOVER
            • THROTTLE
            • ZONE
          • ALTER RESOURCE POOL
          • ALTER RESOURCE TENANT
          • ALTER RESOURCE UNIT
          • ALTER TENANT
          • CREATE RESOURCE POOL
          • CREATE RESOURCE UNIT
          • CREATE TENANT
          • DROP RESOURCE POOL
          • DROP RESOURCE UNIT
          • DROP TENANT
          • SET DECRYPTION
          • SET ENCRYPTION
        • Common tenant (MySQL mode)
          • Basis elements
            • Data types
              • Overview
              • Numeric types
                • Overview
                • Integer data types
                • Fixed-point data types
                • Floating-point data types
                • Bit value data type
              • Date and time types
                • Overview
                • DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP types
                • TIME type
                • YEAR type
              • Character types
                • Overview
                • CHAR and VARCHAR
                • BINARY and VARBINARY
              • Large objects and text types
                • Overview
                • BLOB types
                • TEXT types
              • ENUM data type
              • SET data type
              • JSON data types
                • Overview
                • Create a JSON value
                • Query and modify JSON values
                • Convert a JSON data type
              • Spatial data types
                • Overview
                • SRS
                • Create a spatial column
                • Create a spatial index
                • Spatial data formats
            • Expressions
              • Overview
              • Expression syntax
              • Convert data types in expression evaluation
            • Character set and collation
              • Overview
              • Character sets
              • Collations
              • Database-level character sets and collations
              • Table-level character sets and collations
              • Column-level character sets and collations
              • Character sets and collations for character expressions
              • Character sets and collations for client connection
            • Literal
              • Overview
              • Strings
              • Value
              • Datetime values
              • Bit values
              • Boolean
              • NULLs
            • Schema object names
            • User-defined variables
            • Comments
          • Operator
            • Overview
            • Operator precedence
            • Arithmetic operators
            • Bitwise operators
            • Comparison operators
            • Logical operators
            • Assignment operators
            • Datetime operators
            • Concatenation operators
            • BINARY operator
            • CASE conditional operator
          • Sequence pseudocolumns
          • Function
            • Overview
            • Single-row functions
              • Date and time functions
                • ADDDATE
                • CONVERT_TZ
                • CURDATE
                • CURRENT_DATE
                • CURRENT_TIME
                • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                • CURTIME
                • DATE
                • DATE_ADD
                • DATE_FORMAT
                • DATE_SUB
                • DATEDIFF
                • DAYOFMONTH
                • DAYOFWEEK
                • DAYOFYEAR
                • EXTRACT
                • FROM_DAYS
                • FROM_UNIXTIME
                • GET_FORMAT
                • HOUR
                • LAST_DAY
                • LOCALTIME
                • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                • MAKEDATE
                • MAKETIME
                • MICROSECOND
                • MINUTE
                • MONTH
                • MONTHNAME
                • NOW
                • PERIOD_ADD
                • PERIOD_DIFF
                • QUARTER
                • SEC_TO_TIME
                • SECOND
                • STR_TO_DATE
                • SUBDATE
                • SUBTIME
                • SYSDATE
                • TIME
                • TIME_FORMAT
                • TIME_TO_SEC
                • TIME_TO_USEC
                • TIMEDIFF
                • TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMPADD
                • TIMESTAMPDIFF
                • TO_DAYS
                • TO_SECONDS
                • UNIX_TIMESTAMP
                • USEC_TO_TIME
                • UTC_DATE
                • UTC_TIME
                • UTC_TIMESTAMP
                • WEEK
                • WEEKDAY
                • WEEKOFYEAR
                • YEARWEEK
                • YEAR
                • ADDTIME
                • DAYNAME
                • DAY
              • String functions
                • ASCII
                • BIN
                • BIT_LENGTH
                • CHAR
                • CHAR_LENGTH
                • CHARACTER_LENGTH
                • CONCAT
                • CONCAT_WS
                • ELT
                • EXPORT_SET
                • FIELD
                • FIND_IN_SET
                • FORMAT
                • HEX
                • INSERT
                • INSTR
                • INT2IP
                • IP2INT
                • LCASE
                • LEFT
                • LENGTH
                • LOCATE
                • LOWER
                • LPAD
                • LTRIM
                • MAKE_SET
                • MID
                • OCT
                • OCTET_LENGTH
                • ORD
                • POSITION
                • QUOTE
                • REGEXP
                • REGEXP_INSTR
                • REGEXP_LIKE
                • REGEXP_REPLACE
                • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                • REPEAT
                • REPLACE
                • REVERSE
                • RIGHT
                • RLIKE
                • RPAD
                • RTRIM
                • SPACE
                • STRCMP
                • SUBSTR
                • SUBSTRING
                • SUBSTRING_INDEX
                • TRIM
                • UCASE
                • UNHEX
                • UPPER
                • WEIGHT_STRING
                • TO_BASE64
                • FROM_BASE64
                • SOUNDEX
              • Conversion functions
                • CAST
                • CONVERT
                • SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
              • Mathematical functions
                • ABS
                • ACOS
                • ASIN
                • ATAN
                • ATAN2
                • BIT_COUNT
                • CEIL
                • CEILING
                • CONV
                • COS
                • COT
                • CRC32
                • DEGREES
                • EXP
                • FLOOR
                • LN
                • LOG
                • LOG10
                • LOG2
                • MOD
                • NEG
                • PI
                • POW
                • POWER
                • RADIANS
                • RAND
                • ROUND
                • SIGN
                • SIN
                • SQRT
                • TAN
                • TRUNCATE
              • Comparison functions
                • GREATEST
                • INTERVAL
                • ISNULL
                • LEAST
              • Process control functions
                • CASE
                • IF
                • IFNULL
                • NULLIF
                • ORA_DECODE
            • Aggregation functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • COUNT
              • GROUP_CONCAT
              • GROUPING
              • MAX
              • MIN
              • STD
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
            • Analysis functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • COUNT
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • FIRST_VALUE
              • LAG
              • LAST_VALUE
              • LEAD
              • MAX
              • MIN
              • NTH_VALUE
              • NTILE
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • RANK
              • ROW_NUMBER
              • STD
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
            • Encryption functions
              • AES_DECRYPT
              • AES_ENCRYPT
              • COMPRESS
              • DECODE
              • DES_DECRYPT
              • DES_ENCRYPT
              • ENCODE
              • ENCRYPT
              • MD5
              • UNCOMPRESS
              • UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH
              • RANDOM_BYTES
              • SHA
              • SHA1
              • SHA2
              • VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH
            • Information functions
              • BENCHMARK
              • CHARSET
              • COERCIBILITY
              • COLLATION
              • CONNECTION_ID
              • CURRENT_USER
              • DATABASE
              • FOUND_ROWS
              • LAST_INSERT_ID
              • ICU_VERSION
              • ROW_COUNT
              • SCHEMA
              • SESSION_USER
              • SYSTEM_USER
              • USER
              • VERSION
              • OB_VERSION
            • JSON functions
              • Create JSON text
                • JSON_ARRAY
                • JSON_OBJECT
                • JSON_QUOTE
              • Search JSON text
                • JSON_CONTAINS
                • JSON_CONTAINS_PATH
                • JSON_EXTRACT
                • JSON_KEYS
                • JSON_OVERLAPS
                • JSON_SEARCH
                • JSON_VALUE
                • MEMBER OF
              • Modify JSON text
                • JSON_ARRAY_APPEND
                • JSON_ARRAY_INSERT
                • JSON_INSERT
                • JSON_MERGE
                • JSON_MERGE_PATCH
                • JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE
                • JSON_REMOVE
                • JSON_REPLACE
                • JSON_SET
                • JSON_UNQUOTE
              • Return JSON text properties
                • JSON_DEPTH
                • JSON_LENGTH
                • JSON_TYPE
                • JSON_VALID
              • JSON utility functions
                • JSON_PRETTY
                • JSON_STORAGE_SIZE
              • JSON aggregation functions
                • JSON_ARRAYAGG
                • JSON_OBJECTAGG
            • Spatial functions
              • Create a geometric function
              • Spatial operation functions
              • Spatial relation functions
              • Geometry property functions
              • Geometric format conversion functions
          • Queries and subqueries
            • Overview
            • Subquery
            • JOIN
          • SQL statements
            • General syntax
            • CTE
            • ALTER DATABASE
            • ALTER OUTLINE
            • ALTER SEQUENCE
            • MERGE
            • ALTER TABLE
            • ALTER TABLEGROUP
            • ALTER USER
            • ALTER VIEW
            • ANALYZE
            • CREATE DATABASE
            • CREATE INDEX
            • CREATE OUTLINE
            • CREATE SEQUENCE
            • CREATE TABLE
            • CREATE TABLEGROUP
            • CREATE USER
            • CREATE VIEW
            • DEALLOCATE PREPARE
            • DELETE
            • DESCRIBE
            • DROP DATABASE
            • DROP INDEX
            • DROP OUTLINE
            • DROP TABLE
            • DROP TABLEGROUP
            • DROP SEQUENCE
            • DROP USER
            • DROP VIEW
            • EXECUTE
            • EXPLAIN
            • FLASHBACK
            • GRANT
            • HELP
            • INSERT
            • KILL
            • LOAD DATA
            • LOCK TABLES
            • MERGE
            • OPTIMIZE
            • PREPARE
            • PURGE
            • PURGE RECYCLEBIN
            • RENAME USER
            • RENAME TABLE
            • REPLACE
            • REVOKE
            • SAVEPOINT
            • SCHEMA
            • SELECT INTO
            • SELECT
              • SELECT
              • JOIN clause
              • OVER clause
              • UNION clause
            • SET
            • SET CHARSET
            • SET NAMES
            • SET PASSWORD
            • SET TRANSACTION
            • SHOW
            • TRANSACTION
            • TRUNCATE TABLE
            • UPDATE
            • USE
          • DDL features
            • Overview
            • Index operations
            • Primary key operations
            • Column operations
            • Column generation operations
            • Foreign key operations
            • Table operations
            • Partition operations
            • Column type change rules
          • Performance schema functions
            • FORMAT_BYTES
            • FORMAT_PICO_TIM
          • Other functions
            • ANY_VALUE
            • BIN_TO_UUID
            • COALESCE
            • DEFAULT
            • NAME_CONST
            • INET_ATON
            • INET_NTOA
            • INET6_ATON
            • INET6_NTOA
            • IS_IPV4
            • IS_IPV4_COMPAT
            • IS_IPV6
            • IS_UUID
            • NVL
            • UUID_TO_BIN
            • SLEEP
            • UUID
            • UUID_SHORT
            • VALUES
        • Common tenant (Oracle mode)
          • Introduction to SQL
          • Pseudo column
            • Overview
            • Hierarchical query pseudocolumns
            • Sequence pseudocolumns
            • ORA_ROWSCN pseudocolumn
            • ROWNUM pseudocolumn
            • ROWID pseudocolumn
          • Basic elements
            • Built-in data types
              • Overview
              • Character data types
                • Overview
                • CHAR data type
                • NCHAR data type
                • NVARCHAR2 data type
                • VARCHAR2 data type
                • VARCHAR data type
              • Numeric data types
                • Overview
                • NUMBER data type
                • FLOAT data type
                • Floating-point numbers
                • Precedence of numeric data types
              • Date and time and interval data types
                • Overview
                • DATE type
                • TIMESTAMP type
                • TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE date type
                • TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE data type
                • INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH data type
                • INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND data type
                • Calculation of dates, timestamps, and intervals
              • RAW data type
              • Large object data types
                • Overview
                • BLOB data type
                • CLOB data type
              • Rowid data types
              • User-defined data types
              • Any type
              • JSON data types
                • Overview
                • Create JSON columns
                • Query JSON data
                • Conversion rules for JSON data types
            • Data type comparison rules
              • Overview
              • Numeric value comparison rules
              • Date value comparison rules
              • Character value comparison rules
              • Data type precedence
              • Data type conversion rules
              • Security considerations for data conversion
            • Literal
              • Overview
              • Text literals
              • Numeric literals
              • Date and time literal
                • Date literals
                • Timestamp literals
              • Interval literals
            • Format model
              • Overview
              • Number format models
              • Datetime format models
              • RR datetime format element
              • String-to-date conversion rules
            • Null value
              • Overview
              • Nulls in SQL functions
              • Nulls in comparison conditions
              • Nulls in conditional expressions
            • Annotation
              • Overview
              • Comments within SQL statements
              • Comments on schema and nonschema objects
              • Hint
                • Overview
                • Hint list
                  • Hints related to access path
                  • Hints related to join orders
                  • Hints related to joins
                  • Hints related to parallel execution
                  • Hints related to query strategy
                  • Hints related to query conversion
                  • Other hints
            • Database objects
              • Schema objects
              • Non-schema objects
            • Database naming conventions
              • Overview
              • Suggestions on schema object names
            • Database object reference method
              • Overview
              • Reference to schema objects
              • Reference objects in remote databases
                • Create a database link
                • Reference a database link
              • Reference to partition tables and indexes
              • Reference an attribute or method of an object type
          • Operator
            • Overview
            • Operator precedence
            • Arithmetic operators
            • Concatenation operator
            • Hierarchical query operators
            • Set operators
            • COLLATE operator
          • Function
            • Overview
            • Single-row functions
              • Numeric functions
                • ABS
                • ACOS
                • ASIN
                • ATAN
                • ATAN2
                • BITAND
                • CEIL
                • COS
                • COSH
                • EXP
                • FLOOR
                • LN
                • LOG
                • MOD
                • NANVL
                • POWER
                • REMAINDER
                • ROUND
                • SIGN
                • SIN
                • SINH
                • SQRT
                • TAN
                • TANH
                • TRUNC
                • WIDTH_BUCKET
              • String functions returning strings
                • CHR
                • CONCAT
                • INITCAP
                • LOWER
                • LPAD
                • LTRIM
                • NLS_LOWER
                • NLS_UPPER
                • REGEXP_REPLACE
                • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                • REPLACE
                • RPAD
                • RTRIM
                • SUBSTR
                • TRANSLATE
                • TRANSLATE ... USING
                • TRIM
                • UPPER
              • String functions returning numbers
                • ASCII
                • INSTR
                • LENGTH
                • REGEXP_COUNT
                • REGEXP_INSTR
              • Date and time
                • ADD_MONTHS
                • CURRENT_DATE
                • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                • DBTIMEZONE
                • EXTRACT(datetime)
                • FROM_TZ
                • LAST_DAY
                • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                • MONTHS_BETWEEN
                • NEXT_DAY
                • NUMTODSINTERVAL
                • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
                • ROUND (date)
                • SESSIONTIMEZONE
                • SYS_EXTRACT_UTC
                • SYSDATE
                • SYSTIMESTAMP
                • TO_CHAR (datetime)
                • TO_DSINTERVAL
                • TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
                • TO_YMINTERVAL
                • TRUNC (date)
                • TZ_OFFSET
              • Generic comparison functions
                • GREATEST
                • LEAST
              • Conversion functions
                • ASCIISTR
                • CAST
                • CHARTOROWID
                • CONVERT
                • HEXTORAW
                • NUMTODSINTERVAL
                • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
                • RAWTOHEX
                • ROWIDTOCHAR
                • ROWIDTONCHAR
                • SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
                • TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
                • TO_BINARY_FLOAT
                • TO_BLOB
                • TO_CHAR (character)
                • TO_CHAR (datetime)
                • TO_CHAR (number)
                • TO_CLOB
                • TO_DATE
                • TO_DSINTERVAL
                • TO_MULTI_BYTE
                • TO_NUMBER
                • TO_NCHAR (character)
                • TO_NCHAR (datetime)
                • TO_NCHAR (number)
                • TO_SINGLE_BYTE
                • TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
                • TO_YMINTERVAL
                • UNISTR
              • Encoding and decoding functions
                • DECODE
                • DUMP
                • ORA_HASH
                • VSIZE
              • Null value related functions
                • COALESCE
                • LNNVL
                • NANVL
                • NULLIF
                • NVL
                • NVL2
              • Environment and identifier functions
                • SYS_CONTEXT
                • SYS_GUID
                • UID
                • USER
                • USERENV
                • OB_VERSION
              • Hierarchical functions
                • SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH
              • JSON functions
                • Overview
                • Create JSON text
                  • JSON_ARRAY
                  • JSON_OBJECT
                  • JSON_ARRAYAGG
                  • JSON_OBJECTAGG
                • Query JSON text
                  • JSON_VALUE
                  • JSON_QUERY
                  • JSON_EXISTS
                  • JSON_TABLE
                • Validate JSON text
                  • JSON_EQUAL
                • Modify JSON text
                  • JSON_MERGEPATCH
            • Aggregation functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • CORR
              • COUNT
              • COVAR_POP
              • COVAR_SAMP
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • GROUPING
              • KEEP
              • LISTAGG
              • MAX
              • MEDIAN
              • MIN
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • PERCENTILE_CONT
              • PERCENTILE_DISC
              • RANK
              • REGR_ (Linear Regression)
              • ROLLUP
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
            • Analysis functions
              • Analytic functions
              • AVG
              • CORR
              • COUNT
              • COVAR_POP
              • COVAR_SAMP
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • FIRST_VALUE
              • KEEP
              • LAG
              • LAST_VALUE
              • LEAD
              • LISTAGG
              • MAX
              • MEDIAN
              • MIN
              • NTILE
              • NTH_VALUE
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • PERCENTILE_CONT
              • PERCENTILE_DISC
              • RANK
              • RATIO_TO_REPORT
              • REGR_ (Linear Regression)
              • ROW_NUMBER
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
          • Expressions
            • Overview
            • Simple expressions
            • Compound expressions
            • Case expressions
            • Column expressions
            • CURSOR expressions
            • Datetime expressions
            • Function expressions
            • Interval expressions
            • Scalar subquery expressions
            • Type constructor expressions
            • Expression list
          • Conditions
            • Overview
            • Condition precedence
            • Comparison conditions
            • Floating-point conditions
            • Logical conditions
            • Pattern-matching conditions
            • Null conditions
            • Compound conditions
            • BETWEEN condition
            • EXISTS condition
            • IN condition
          • Queries and subqueries
            • Overview
            • Simple query
            • Hierarchical query
            • Compound query
            • Join queries
            • Subqueries
            • DUAL table query
          • SQL statements
            • DDL
              • ALTER INDEX
              • ALTER KEYSTORE
              • ALTER OUTLINE
              • ALTER PROFILE
              • ALTER ROLE
              • ALTER SEQUENCE
              • ALTER SESSION
              • ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH PLAN CACHE
              • ALTER SYSTEM PARAMETER
              • ALTER TABLE
              • ALTER TABLEGROUP
              • ALTER USER
              • CREATE CONTEXT
              • CREATE DIRECTORY
              • CREATE DATABASE LINK
              • CREATE INDEX
              • CREATE KEYSTORE
              • CREATE OUTLINE
              • CREATE PROFILE
              • CREATE ROLE
              • CREATE SEQUENCE
              • CREATE SYNONYM
              • CREATE TABLE
              • CREATE TABLEGROUP
              • CREATE TABLESPACE
              • CREATE USER
              • CREATE VIEW
              • DROP CONTEXT
              • DROP DIRECTORY
              • DROP INDEX
              • DROP OUTLINE
              • DROP PROFILE
              • DROP ROLE
              • DROP SEQUENCE
              • DROP SYNONYM
              • DROP TABLE
              • DROP TABLEGROUP
              • DROP TABLESPACE
              • DROP USER
              • DROP VIEW
              • RENAME
              • TRUNCATE TABLE
              • ALTER SYSTEM MAJOR FREEZE
            • DML
              • DELETE
              • INSERT
              • MERGE
              • PURGE
              • SELECT
                • SIMPLE SELECT
                • Set-based SELECT
                • WITH CLAUSE
              • UPDATE
            • DCL
              • ANALYZE
              • AUDIT
              • COMMENT
              • COMMIT
              • EXPLAIN
              • FLASHBACK TABLE BEFORE DROP
              • GRANT
              • KILL
              • LOAD DATA
              • LOCK TABLE
              • REVOKE
              • ROLLBACK
              • SAVEPOINT
              • SET NAMES
              • SET PASSWORD
              • SET ROLE
              • SET VARIABLE
              • SHOW
              • SHRINK
              • TRANSACTION
          • DDL features
            • Overview
            • Index operations
            • Primary key operations
            • Column operations
            • Column generation operations
            • Foreign key operations
            • Table operations
            • Partition operations
            • Column type change rules
      • SQL practices and suggestions
        • Limits on writing SQL statements
        • SQL writing guidelines
          • SELECT statements
          • DML statements
          • Multi-table join statements
          • Table scan
          • Transactions
          • Cache
          • Hint
          • Other specifications
        • SQL statement examples
          • Implicit data type conversion
          • JOIN tables
          • Weak consistency read
          • Pagination queries
      • PL reference
        • What is PL
          • Overview
          • Main features of PL
          • PL architecture
        • MySQL mode
          • Syntax of PL stored programs
          • PL stored procedure
            • Overview
            • Variables in stored programs
            • Stored procedures
            • Stored functions
            • Trigger
            • Limitations on stored programs
          • PL cursor
            • Overview
            • Cursor execution process
            • Limitations on server cursors
          • PL conditional control statements
            • CASE
            • IF
            • ITERATE
            • LEAVE
            • LOOP
            • REPEAT
            • RETURN
            • WHILE
          • PL DML statements
            • CALL
            • DO
          • PL DDL statements
            • ALTER FUNCTION
            • ALTER PROCEDURE
            • CREATE FUNCTION
            • CREATE PROCEDURE
            • CREATE TRIGGER
            • DROP FUNCTION
            • DROP PROCEDURE
            • DROP TRIGGER
          • PL database management statements
            • SHOW CREATE FUNCTION
            • SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE
            • SHOW CREATE TRIGGER
            • SHOW FUNCTION STATUS
            • SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS
            • SHOW TRIGGERS
          • PL related dictionary views
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARAMETERS
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS
          • PL exception handling
            • Overview
            • DECLARE ... CONDITION
            • DECLARE ... HANDLER
            • GET DIAGNOSTICS
            • RESIGNAL
            • SIGNAL
            • Effective scope of an exception handler
            • Diagnostics area
            • Exception handling and OUT/INOUT parameters
            • Limitations on exception handling
          • PL system package
            • Overview
            • DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • CREATE_PLAN
              • CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • DELETE_PLAN
              • DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
              • UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • DBMS_STATS
              • Overview
              • ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • CREATE_STAT_TABLE
              • DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
              • DELETE_INDEX_STATS
              • DELETE_TABLE_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
              • DROP_STAT_TABLE
              • EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
              • GATHER_INDEX_STATS
              • GATHER_TABLE_STATS
              • GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • GET_PARAM
              • GET_PREFS
              • IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
              • RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
              • PURGE_STATS
              • SET_COLUMN_STATS
              • SET_INDEX_STATS
              • SET_TABLE_STATS
              • SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
              • SET_PARAM
              • SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • SET_TABLE_PREFS
              • UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
            • DBMS_UDR
              • Overview
              • CREATE_RULE
              • DISABLE_RULE
              • ENABLE_RULE
              • REMOVE_RULE
            • DBMS_XPLAN
              • Overview
              • DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
          • Reserved and non-reserved PL keywords
        • Oracle mode
          • PL language basics
            • Character sets
            • Lexical units
            • Declaration
            • Reference identifiers
            • Scope and visibility of identifiers
            • Assign values
            • Expressions
            • PL blocks
            • Subprograms
            • Error-reporting functions
          • PL data types
            • Overview
            • SQL data types
            • LOB data types
            • BOOLEAN type
            • User-defined subtypes
            • PLS_INTEGER and BINARY_INTEGER
            • Arrays
            • PL JSON data types
          • PL process control
            • Overview
            • Conditional control
            • Loop control
            • Sequential control
          • PL collections and records
            • Overview
            • Collections
            • Associative arrays
            • Varrays
            • Nested tables
            • Collection constructor function
            • Collection methods
              • Overview of collection methods
              • DELETE method
              • TRIM method
              • EXTEND method
              • EXISTS method
              • FIRST and LAST methods
              • COUNT method
              • LIMIT method
              • PRIOR and NEXT methods
            • Records
            • Insert records into a table and update a table by using records
            • Create and call a subprogram with record type parameters
          • PL static SQL
            • Overview
            • Cursor
              • Overview
              • Cursor attributes
              • Implicit cursors
              • Explicit cursors
              • Cursor variables
              • Traverse cursor data by using the FOR loop
              • Modify and drop a cursor
            • Transaction processing and control
            • Autonomous transactions
              • Overview
              • Control autonomous transactions
              • Autonomous triggers
              • Call autonomous functions from SQL statements
          • PL dynamic SQL
            • Overview
            • Execute dynamic SQL statements
            • DBMS_SQL system package
          • PL stored procedure and functions
            • Overview
            • Create a stored procedure
            • Create a function
            • Manage stored procedures and functions
            • Privilege control
            • Pipeline functions
              • Overview
              • Create a pipelined table function
              • Application
            • User defined functions
              • Overview
              • Interface for user-defined aggregate functions
              • Create user-defined aggregate functions
              • Use user-defined aggregate functions
          • PL trigger
            • Overview
            • Create a DML trigger
            • Modify and drop a trigger
            • Disable or enable a trigger
            • Query trigger information
            • INSTEAD OF DML trigger
            • Compound DML trigger
          • PL package
            • Overview
            • Create a program package
            • Overloaded programs in a package
            • Manage program packages
            • Definition of the PL environment by the STANDARD package
          • PL exception handling
            • Overview
            • Compile-Time alerts
            • Exception types
            • Exception handling processes
          • DDL operations on stored PL units
            • Overview
            • ALTER FUNCTION
            • ALTER PACKAGE
            • ALTER PROCEDURE
            • ALTER TRIGGER
            • ALTER TYPE
            • CREATE FUNCTION
            • CREATE PACKAGE
            • CREATE PACKAGE BODY
            • CREATE PROCEDURE
            • CREATE TRIGGER
            • CREATE TYPE
            • CREATE TYPE BODY
            • DROP FUNCTION
            • DROP PACKAGE
            • DROP PROCEDURE
            • DROP TRIGGER
            • DROP TYPE
            • DROP TYPE BODY
          • PL label security package
            • Overview of label security PL packages
            • SA_SYSDBA
              • SA_SYSDBA overview
              • SA_SYSDBA.ALTER_POLICY
              • SA_SYSDBA.CREATE_POLICY
              • SA_SYSDBA.DROP_POLICY
            • SA_COMPONENTS
              • SA_COMPONENTS overview
              • SA_COMPONENTS.ALTER_LEVEL
              • SA_COMPONENTS.CREATE_LEVEL
              • SA_COMPONENTS.DROP_LEVEL
            • SA_LABEL_ADMIN
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN overview
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.ALTER_LABEL
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.CREATE_LABEL
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.DROP_LABEL
            • SA_POLICY_ADMIN
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN overview
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.APPLY_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.DISABLE_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.ENABLE_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.REMOVE_TABLE_POLICY
            • SA_USER_ADMIN
              • SA_USER_ADMIN overview
              • SA_USER_ADMIN.SET_LEVELS
            • SA_SESSION
              • SA_SESSION overview
              • SA_SESSION.LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.RESTORE_DEFAULT_LABELS
              • SA_SESSION.ROW_LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.SET_LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.SET_ROW_LABEL
          • PL system package (Oracle mode)
            • Overview
            • DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO
              • Overview
              • READ_CLIENT_INFO
              • READ_MODULE
              • SET_ACTION
              • SET_CLIENT_INFO
              • SET_MODULE
            • DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT
              • Overview
              • CLEAN_AUDIT_TRAIL
              • CREATE_PURGE_JOB
              • DROP_PURGE_JOB
              • SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP
              • SET_PURGE_JOB_STATUS
            • DBMS_CRYPTO
              • Overview
              • ENCRYPT
              • DECRYPT
              • HASH
            • DBMS_DEBUG
              • Overview
              • ATTACH_SESSION
              • CONTINUE
              • DEBUG_ON
              • DEBUG_OFF
              • DETACH_SESSION
              • DELETE_BREAKPOINT
              • DISABLE_BREAKPOINT
              • ENABLE_BREAKPOINT
              • GET_VALUE
              • GET_VALUES
              • GET_RUNTIME_INFO
              • GET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
              • INITIALIZE
              • PROBE_VERSION
              • PRINT_BACKTRACE
              • SET_TIMEOUT
              • SET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
              • SET_BREAKPOINT
              • SHOW_BREAKPOINTS
            • DBMS_DESCRIBE
              • Overview
              • DESCRIBE_PROCEDURE
            • DBMS_JOB
              • Overview
              • BROKEN
              • CHANGE
              • ZONE
              • INTERVAL
              • NEXT_DATE
              • REMOVE
              • RUN
              • SUBMIT
              • USER_EXPORT
              • WHAT
            • DBMS_LOB
              • Overview
              • APPEND
              • CLOSE
              • COPY
              • CREATETEMPORARY
              • ERASE
              • FREETEMPORARY
              • GETLENGTH
              • ISOPEN
              • INSTR
              • OPEN
              • READ
              • SUBSTR
              • TRIM
              • WRITE
              • WRITEAPPEND
            • DBMS_LOCK
              • Overview
              • SLEEP
            • DBMS_METADATA
              • Overview
              • GET_DDL
            • DBMS_OUTPUT
              • Overview
              • DISABLE
              • ENABLE
              • GET_LINE
              • GET_LINES
              • NEW_LINE
              • PUT
              • PUT_LINE
            • DBMS_PLAN_CACHE
              • Overview
              • PURGE
            • DBMS_RANDOM
              • Overview
              • INITIALIZE
              • NORMAL
              • RANDOM
              • SEED
              • STRING
              • TERMINATE
              • VALUE
            • DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • CREATE_PLAN
              • CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • DELETE_PLAN
              • DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
              • UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • DBMS_SCHEDULER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_JOB
              • CREATE_PROGRAM
              • DEFINE_PROGRAM_ARGUMENT
              • DISABLE
              • DROP_JOB
              • DROP_PROGRAM
              • ENABLE
              • GENERATE_JOB_NAME
              • RUN_JOB
              • SET_ATTRIBUTE
              • SET_JOB_ARGUMENT_VALUE
            • DBMS_SESSION
              • Overview
              • CLEAR_ALL_CONTEXT
              • CLEAR_CONTEXT
              • CLEAR_IDENTIFIER
              • SET_CONTEXT
              • SET_IDENTIFIER
            • DBMS_SQL
              • Overview
              • BIND_VARIABLE
              • CLOSE_CURSOR
              • COLUMN_VALUE
              • DEFINE_COLUMN
              • DEFINE_ARRAY
              • DESCRIBE_COLUMNS
              • EXECUTE
              • EXECUTE_AND_FETCH
              • FETCH_ROWS
              • IS_OPEN
              • OPEN_CURSOR
              • PARSE
            • DBMS_STATS
              • Overview
              • ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • CREATE_STAT_TABLE
              • DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
              • DELETE_INDEX_STATS
              • DELETE_TABLE_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
              • DROP_STAT_TABLE
              • EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
              • GATHER_INDEX_STATS
              • GATHER_TABLE_STATS
              • GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • GET_PARAM
              • GET_PREFS
              • IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
              • RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
              • PURGE_STATS
              • SET_COLUMN_STATS
              • SET_INDEX_STATS
              • SET_TABLE_STATS
              • SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
              • SET_PARAM
              • SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • SET_TABLE_PREFS
              • UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
            • DBMS_UDR
              • Overview
              • CREATE_RULE
              • DISABLE_RULE
              • ENABLE_RULE
              • REMOVE_RULE
            • DBMS_UTILITY
              • Overview
              • ACTIVE_INSTANCES
              • COMMA_TO_TABLE
              • CURRENT_INSTANCE
              • DB_VERSION
              • FORMAT_CALL_STACK
              • FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE
              • FORMAT_ERROR_STACK
              • GET_ENDIANNESS
              • GET_HASH_VALUE
              • GET_PARAMETER_VALUE
              • GET_SQL_HASH
              • GET_TIME
              • IS_BIT_SET
              • IS_CLUSTER_DATABASE
              • NAME_RESOLVE
              • NAME_TOKENIZE
              • OLD_CURRENT_SCHEMA
              • OLD_CURRENT_USER
              • PORT_STRING
              • TABLE_TO_COMMA
            • DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY
              • Overview
              • ASH_REPORT
            • DBMS_XA
              • Overview
              • DBMS_XA constants
              • DBMS_XA_XID object type
              • DIST_TXN_SYNC
              • XA_COMMIT
              • XA_END
              • XA_FORGET
              • XA_GETLASTOER
              • XA_PREPARE
              • XA_RECOVER
              • XA_ROLLBACK
              • XA_SETTIMEOUT
              • XA_START
            • DBMS_XMLGEN
              • Overview
              • CONVERT
            • DBMS_XPLAN
              • Overview
              • DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
            • ODCIConst
              • Overview
              • ODCIArgDesc.ArgType
              • ODCIEnv.CallProperty
              • ODCIEnv.Envflags
              • ODCIIndexAlter
              • ODCIIndexAlter parameter alter_option
              • ODCIIndexInfo.IndexInfoFlags
              • ODCIIndexInfo.IndexParaDegree
              • ODCIPredInfo.Flags
              • ODCIQueryInfo.Flags
              • ODCIStatsOptions.Flags
              • ODCIStatsOptions.Options
              • Return Status
              • ScnFlg
            • UTL_ENCODE
              • Overview
              • BASE64_DECODE
              • BASE64_ENCODE
            • UTL_FILE
              • Overview
              • FCLOSE
              • FFLUSH
              • FOPEN
              • FGETPOS
              • FREMOVE
              • FRENAME
              • FSEEK
              • NEW_LINE
              • GET_LINE
              • PUT
              • PUT_LINE
            • UTL_I18N
              • Overview
              • RAW_TO_CHAR
              • STRING_TO_RAW
            • UTL_RAW
              • Overview
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_COMPLEMENT
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_DOUBLE
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_FLOAT
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_INTEGER
              • CAST_FROM_NUMBER
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_FLOAT
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_INTEGER
              • CAST_TO_NUMBER
              • CAST_TO_RAW
              • CAST_TO_VARCHAR2
              • COMPARE
              • CONCAT
              • COPIES
              • LENGTH
              • REVERSE
              • SUBSTR
            • ANYDATA TYPE
              • Overview
              • BEGINCREATE static procedure
              • ENDCREATE member procedure
              • GET* member functions
              • GETTYPE member function
              • GETTYPENAME member function
              • PIECEWISE member procedure
              • SET* member procedures
            • XMLType
              • Overview
              • CREATEXML
              • GETCLOBVAL
              • GETSTRINGVAL
              • TRANSFORM
              • XMLTYPE
          • Reserved PL keywords
      • Database design guidelines
        • Object naming conventions
          • Overview
          • Tenant naming conventions
          • User naming conventions
          • Table naming conventions
          • Field naming conventions
          • Other naming conventions
        • Object structure design guidelines
          • Field design
          • Table structure design
          • Partitioned table design
          • Index design
          • Other structural designs
        • Character set specifications
        • Database connection specifications
        • Use of comments
        • ORM conventions
        • Exception handling
      • TableAPI
        • Introduction to TableAPI implementation
          • Implementation of TableAPI
          • Differences between replace and insert_or_update
          • TableAPI data models
        • Using TableAPI client
          • Introduction to the client and instructions for use
          • Set client parameters
          • An example of client use
        • Troubleshooting
      • HBaseAPI
        • HBaseAPI solution introduction
        • HBaseAPI storage model
        • Usage instructions of the HBaseAPI client
    • System reference
      • System parameters
        • Overview
        • Summary of system parameters
        • Cluster level
          • all_cluster_list
          • all_server_list
          • auto_broadcast_location_cache_rate_limit
          • auto_leader_switch_interval
          • auto_refresh_location_cache_rate_limit
          • autoinc_cache_refresh_interval
          • backup_backup_dest
          • backup_backup_dest_option
          • backup_dest_option
          • backup_concurrency
          • backup_dest
          • backup_data_file_size
          • backup_log_archive_option
          • backup_net_limit
          • backup_recovery_window
          • backup_region
          • backup_zone
          • balance_blacklist_failure_threshold
          • balance_blacklist_retry_interval
          • balancer_emergency_percentage
          • balancer_idle_time
          • balancer_log_interval
          • balancer_task_timeout
          • balancer_timeout_check_interval
          • balancer_tolerance_percentage
          • bf_cache_miss_count_threshold
          • bf_cache_priority
          • builtin_db_data_verify_cycle
          • cache_wash_threshold
          • clog_disk_utilization_threshold
          • clog_expire_days
          • clog_cache_priority
          • clog_disk_usage_limit_percentage
          • clog_sync_time_warn_threshold
          • clog_transport_compress_func
          • cpu_reserved
          • cluster
          • cluster_id
          • config_additional_dir
          • cpu_count
          • data_copy_concurrency
          • data_dir
          • data_disk_usage_limit_percentage
          • data_storage_error_tolerance_time
          • data_storage_warning_tolerance_time
          • datafile_disk_percentage
          • datafile_size
          • dead_socket_detection_timeout
          • debug_sync_timeout
          • default_compress
          • default_compress_func
          • default_transport_compress_func
          • default_row_format
          • devname
          • disk_io_thread_count
          • dtl_buffer_size
          • election_cpu_quota
          • election_blacklist_interval
          • enable_auto_refresh_location_cache
          • enable_auto_refresh_location_cache
          • enable_auto_leader_switch
          • enable_ddl
          • enable_global_freeze_trigger
          • enable_log_archive
          • enable_election_group
          • enable_major_freeze
          • enable_merge_by_turn
          • enable_manual_merge
          • enable_ob_ratelimit
          • enable_one_phase_commit
          • enable_perf_event
          • enable_pg
          • enable_rebalance
          • enable_record_trace_id
          • enable_record_trace_log
          • enable_rereplication
          • enable_rich_error_msg
          • enable_separate_sys_clog
          • enable_smooth_leader_switch
          • enable_rootservice_standalone
          • enable_sql_audit
          • enable_sql_operator_dump
          • enable_sys_table_ddl
          • enable_sys_unit_standalone
          • enable_syslog_recycle
          • enable_syslog_wf
          • enable_tcp_keepalive
          • fast_recovery_concurrency
          • enable_upgrade_mode
          • flush_log_at_trx_commit
          • gc_wait_archive
          • fuse_row_cache_priority
          • global_index_build_single_replica_timeout
          • global_major_freeze_residual_memory
          • get_leader_candidate_rpc_timeout
          • global_write_halt_residual_memory
          • high_priority_net_thread_count
          • ignore_replay_checksum_error
          • ignore_replica_checksum_error
          • index_clog_cache_priority
          • index_info_block_cache_priority
          • index_cache_priority
          • ilog_index_expire_time
          • internal_sql_execute_timeout
          • large_query_threshold
          • large_query_worker_percentage
          • leak_mod_to_check
          • lease_time
          • location_cache_cpu_quota
          • location_cache_priority
          • location_cache_expire_time
          • location_cache_refresh_min_interval
          • location_cache_refresh_rpc_timeout
          • location_cache_refresh_sql_timeout
          • location_fetch_concurrency
          • location_refresh_thread_count
          • log_archive_batch_buffer_limit
          • log_archive_checkpoint_interval
          • max_kept_major_version_number
          • max_px_worker_count
          • max_string_print_length
          • max_syslog_file_count
          • memory_chunk_cache_size
          • memory_limit
          • memory_limit_percentage
          • memory_reserved
          • memstore_limit_percentage
          • merge_stat_sampling_ratio
          • merge_thread_count
          • merger_completion_percentage
          • merger_switch_leader_duration_time
          • merger_warm_up_duration_time
          • micro_block_merge_verify_level
          • migrate_concurrency
          • migration_disable_time
          • min_observer_version
          • minor_deferred_gc_time
          • mysql_port
          • net_thread_count
          • ob_event_history_recycle_interval
          • ob_ratelimit_stat_period
          • obconfig_url
          • tablet_meta_table_check_interval
          • tablet_meta_table_scan_batch_count
          • plan_cache_evict_interval
          • plan_cache_high_watermark
          • plan_cache_low_watermark
          • px_task_size
          • px_workers_per_cpu_quota
          • rdma_io_thread_count
          • recyclebin_object_expire_time
          • ls_meta_table_check_interval
          • resource_hard_limit
          • rebuild_replica_data_lag_threshold
          • rootservice_async_task_queue_size
          • rootservice_async_task_thread_count
          • # rootservice_list
          • rootservice_memory_limit
          • rootservice_ready_check_interval
          • row_compaction_update_limit
          • rpc_port
          • rpc_timeout
          • schema_history_expire_time
          • schema_history_recycle_interval
          • server_balance_cpu_mem_tolerance_percent
          • server_balance_critical_disk_waterlevel
          • server_balance_disk_tolerance_percent
          • server_check_interval
          • server_cpu_quota_max
          • server_cpu_quota_min
          • server_permanent_offline_time
          • server_data_copy_out_concurrency
          • server_data_copy_in_concurrency
          • ssl_client_authentication
          • ssl_external_kms_info
          • stack_size
          • sql_audit_memory_limit
          • sys_bkgd_migration_change_member_list_timeout
          • sys_bkgd_migration_retry_num
          • sys_bkgd_net_percentage
          • switchover_process_thread_count
          • syslog_io_bandwidth_limit
          • sys_bkgd_io_high_percentage
          • syslog_level
          • sys_bkgd_io_low_percentage
          • sys_cpu_limit_trigger
          • system_memory
          • system_trace_level
          • tableapi_transport_compress_func
          • tablet_size
          • tcp_keepcnt
          • system_cpu_quota
          • tcp_keepidle
          • tcp_keepintvl
          • tenant_cpu_variation_per_server
          • tenant_task_queue_size
          • token_reserved_percentage
          • trace_log_sampling_interval
          • trace_log_slow_query_watermark
          • trx_2pc_retry_interval
          • tenant_groups
          • use_large_pages
          • user_block_cache_priority
          • trx_force_kill_threshold
          • trx_force_kill_threshold
          • trx_try_wait_lock_timeout
          • unit_balance_resource_weight
          • virtual_table_location_cache_expire_time
          • weak_read_version_refresh_interval
          • user_iort_up_percentage
          • workers_per_cpu_quota
          • zone
          • user_tab_col_stat_cache_priority
          • wait_leader_batch_count
          • log_disk_size
          • log_disk_percentage
          • tablet_ls_cache_priority
          • opt_tab_stat_cache_priority
          • zone_merge_concurrency
          • index_block_cache_priority
          • zone_merge_order
          • sql_login_thread_count
          • zone_merge_timeout
          • enable_asan_for_memory_context
          • ob_esi_rpc_port
          • enable_cgroup
          • enable_ob_esi_process
          • diag_syslog_per_error_limit
          • ob_esi_session_timeout
          • ob_esi_io_concurrency
          • ob_startup_mode
          • ob_esi_memory_limit
          • log_storage_warning_tolerance_time
          • ob_esi_syslog_level
          • ob_esi_max_syslog_file_count
          • sql_net_thread_count
          • minor_freeze_times
          • minor_merge_concurrency
          • minor_warm_up_duration_time
          • multiblock_read_gap_size
          • multiblock_read_size
          • ofs_list
          • partition_table_check_interval
          • replica_safe_remove_time
          • resource_soft_limit
          • restore_concurrency
          • row_purge_thread_count
        • Tenant level
          • audit_sys_operations
          • audit_trail
          • clog_max_unconfirmed_log_count
          • clog_persistence_compress_func
          • connection_control_failed_connections_threshold
          • connection_control_min_connection_delay
          • connection_control_max_connection_delay
          • enable_clog_persistence_compress
          • enable_early_lock_release
          • enable_monotonic_weak_read
          • external_kms_info
          • enable_sql_extension
          • default_progressive_merge_num
          • io_category_config
          • log_disk_utilization_limit_threshold
          • log_disk_utilization_threshold
          • major_compact_trigger
          • compaction_low_thread_score
          • ddl_thread_score
          • max_stale_time_for_weak_consistency
          • compaction_high_thread_score
          • minor_compact_trigger
          • compaction_mid_thread_score
          • ob_enable_batched_multi_statement
          • ob_proxy_readonly_transaction_routing_policy
          • ob_ssl_invited_common_names
          • open_cursors
          • plsql_code_type
          • plsql_debug
          • plsql_optimize_level
          • plsql_warnings
          • sql_work_area
          • tde_method
          • writing_throttling_maximum_duration
          • writing_throttling_trigger_percentage
          • workarea_size_policy
          • plsql_v2_compatibility
          • job_queue_processes
          • ha_high_thread_score
          • ha_mid_thread_score
          • ha_low_thread_score
          • ob_compaction_schedule_interval
          • default_auto_increment_mode
          • ob_query_switch_leader_retry_timeout
          • default_enable_extended_rowid
          • major_freeze_duty_time
          • undo_retention
          • query_response_time_stats
          • query_response_time_flush
          • query_response_time_range_base
          • merger_check_interval
          • freeze_trigger_percentage
          • cpu_quota_concurrency
          • arbitration_timeout
          • compatible
          • log_transport_compress_all
          • log_transport_compress_func
          • rpc_memory_limit_percentage
          • tenant_sql_login_thread_count
          • tenant_sql_net_thread_count
          • dump_data_dictionary_to_log_interval
          • enable_user_defined_rewrite_rules
          • log_restore_concurrency
          • log_archive_concurrency
      • System variables
        • Overview
        • System variable summary
        • Global variables
          • auto_increment_cache_size
          • auto_increment_increment
          • auto_increment_offset
          • autocommit
          • binlog_row_image
          • block_encryption_mode
          • character_set_client
          • character_set_connection
          • character_set_database
          • character_set_filesystem
          • character_set_results
          • character_set_server
          • character_set_system
          • collation_connection
          • collation_database
          • collation_server
          • connect_timeout
          • cursor_sharing
          • datadir
          • debug_sync
          • default_password_lifetime
          • div_precision_increment
          • error_on_overlap_time
          • explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
          • foreign_key_checks
          • group_concat_max_len
          • identity
          • init_connect
          • innodb_strict_mode
          • interactive_timeout
          • license
          • lower_case_table_names
          • max_allowed_packet
          • max_connections
          • max_sp_recursion_depth
          • max_user_connections
          • net_buffer_length
          • net_read_timeout
          • net_write_timeout
          • nls_calendar
          • nls_characterset
          • nls_comp
          • nls_currency
          • nls_date_format
          • nls_date_language
          • nls_dual_currency
          • nls_iso_currency
          • nls_length_semantics
          • nls_nchar_characterset
          • nls_nchar_conv_excp
          • nls_numeric_characters
          • nls_sort
          • nls_territory
          • nls_timestamp_format
          • nls_timestamp_tz_format
          • ob_bnl_join_cache_size
          • ob_create_table_strict_mode
          • ob_default_replica_num
          • ob_compatibility_mode
          • ob_enable_blk_nestedloop_join
          • ob_early_lock_release
          • ob_enable_hash_group_by
          • ob_enable_aggregation_pushdown
          • ob_enable_index_direct_select
          • ob_enable_jit
          • ob_enable_plan_cache
          • ob_enable_sql_audit
          • ob_enable_transformation
          • ob_enable_transmission_checksum
          • ob_enable_truncate_flashback
          • ob_global_debug_sync
          • ob_log_level
          • ob_pl_block_timeout
          • ob_plan_cache_evict_high_percentage
          • ob_plan_cache_evict_low_percentage
          • ob_plan_cache_percentage
          • ob_proxy_global_variables_version
          • ob_query_timeout
          • ob_read_consistency
          • ob_reserved_meta_memory_percentage
          • ob_route_policy
          • ob_sql_audit_percentage
          • ob_sql_work_area_percentage
          • ob_tcp_invited_nodes
          • ob_temp_tablespace_size_percentage
          • ob_timestamp_service
          • ob_trx_idle_timeout
          • ob_trx_lock_timeout
          • ob_trx_timeout
          • optimizer_capture_sql_plan_baselines
          • optimizer_use_sql_plan_baselines
          • parallel_max_servers
          • parallel_servers_target
          • performance_schema
          • plugin_dir
          • query_cache_size
          • query_cache_type
          • read_only
          • recyclebin
          • resource_manager_plan
          • secure_file_priv
          • sql_auto_is_null
          • sql_mode
          • sql_quote_show_create
          • sql_safe_updates
          • sql_select_limit
          • sql_throttle_current_priority
          • sql_throttle_network
          • sql_throttle_priority
          • sql_throttle_rt
          • sql_warnings
          • system_time_zone
          • time_zone
          • transaction_isolation
          • transaction_read_only
          • tx_isolation
          • tx_read_only
          • version
          • version_comment
          • wait_timeout
          • validate_password_check_user_name
          • validate_password_length
          • validate_password_mixed_case_count
          • validate_password_number_count
          • validate_password_policy
          • validate_password_special_char_count
          • server_uuid
          • default_storage_engine
          • ob_enable_rich_error_msg
          • cte_max_recursion_depth
          • regexp_stack_limit
          • event_scheduler
          • regexp_time_limit
          • log_row_value_options
          • ob_max_read_stale_time
        • Session-level variables
          • is_result_accurate
          • last_insert_id
          • nls_language
          • ob_capability_flag
          • ob_enable_show_trace
          • ob_last_schema_version
          • ob_org_cluster_id
          • ob_proxy_partition_hit
          • ob_proxy_set_trx_executed
          • ob_trace_info
          • timestamp
          • tracefile_identifier
      • System views (MySQL mode)
        • Overview
        • Dictionary views
          • Dictionary views overview
          • information_schema.CHARACTER_SETS
          • information_schema.CHECK_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.COLLATIONS
          • information_schema.COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY
          • information_schema.COLUMNS
          • information_schema.COLUMN_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS
          • information_schema.ENGINES
          • information_schema.GLOBAL_STATUS
          • information_schema.GLOBAL_VARIABLES
          • information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
          • information_schema.PARAMETERS
          • information_schema.PARTITIONS
          • information_schema.PROCESSLIST
          • information_schema.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.ROUTINES
          • information_schema.SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.SCHEMATA
          • information_schema.SESSION_STATUS
          • information_schema.SESSION_VARIABLES
          • information_schema.STATISTICS
          • information_schema.TABLES
          • information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.TABLE_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.VIEW_TABLE_USAGE
          • information_schema.VIEWS
          • mysql.db
          • mysql.help_category
          • mysql.help_keyword
          • mysql.help_relation
          • mysql.help_topic
          • mysql.proc
          • mysql.time_zone
          • mysql.time_zone_name
          • mysql.time_zone_transition
          • mysql.time_zone_transition_type
          • mysql.user
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESOURCE_POOLS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ROOTSERVICE_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_CONFIGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNITS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SEQUENCE_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS_V$
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINE_CONCURRENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_SYS_VARIABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_COLUMN_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_MANAGEMENT_CONFIG
          • information_schema.QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • oceanbase.DBA_SEQUENCES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USER_DEFINED_RULES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • information_schema.ST_GEOMETRY_COLUMNS
          • information_schema.ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CLUSTER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RSRC_IO_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLANS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
        • Performance views
          • Overview
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • GV$OB_KVCACHE
          • GV$OB_PARAMETERS
          • GV$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • GV$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_SERVERS
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • GV$OB_UNITS
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • GV$SESSION_EVENT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • GV$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • GV$SESSTAT
          • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$LATCH
          • GV$OB_MEMORY
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • GV$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
          • GV$OB_RPC_INCOMING
          • GV$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • GV$SESSION_LONGOPS
          • GV$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • GV$OB_PS_STAT
          • GV$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • GV$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • GV$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • GV$OB_MERGE_INFO
          • GV$OB_SSTABLES
          • GV$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • V$OB_KVCACHE
          • V$OB_PARAMETERS
          • V$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • V$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • V$OB_SERVERS
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • V$OB_UNITS
          • V$STATNAME
          • V$EVENT_NAME
          • V$SESSION_WAIT
          • V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • V$SESSTAT
          • V$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • V$OB_MEMORY
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • V$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • V$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
          • V$OB_RPC_INCOMING
          • V$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • V$SESSION_LONGOPS
          • V$LATCH
          • V$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • V$OB_PS_STAT
          • V$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • V$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • V$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • V$OB_MERGE_INFO
          • V$SQL_MONITOR_STATNAME
          • V$OB_ENCRYPTED_TABLES
          • V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES
          • V$OB_SSTABLES
          • V$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • GV$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
          • V$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
          • GV$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
          • V$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • V$SYSSTAT
          • V$SESSION_EVENT
          • GV$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • GV$DML_STATS
          • V$DML_STATS
          • GV$OB_LOG_STAT
          • V$OB_LOG_STAT
          • GV$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_PLAN
          • V$OB_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS
          • GV$OB_LOG_STAT
          • V$RSRC_PLAN
      • System views (Oracle mode)
        • Overview
        • Dictionary views
          • ALL_ALL_TABLES
          • ALL_ARGUMENTS
          • ALL_COL_COMMENTS
          • ALL_COLL_TYPES
          • ALL_COL_PRIVS
          • ALL_CONSTRAINTS
          • ALL_CONS_COLUMNS
          • ALL_DEF_AUDIT_OPTS
          • ALL_ERRORS
          • ALL_INDEXES
          • ALL_IND_COLUMNS
          • ALL_IND_EXPRESSIONS
          • ALL_IND_PARTITIONS
          • ALL_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • ALL_METHOD_PARAMS
          • ALL_OBJECTS
          • ALL_PART_INDEXES
          • ALL_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • ALL_PART_TABLES
          • ALL_PROCEDURES
          • ALL_PROFILES
          • ALL_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
          • ALL_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
          • ALL_SEQUENCES
          • ALL_SOURCE
          • ALL_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • ALL_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • ALL_SYNONYMS
          • ALL_TABLES
          • ALL_TAB_COLS
          • ALL_TAB_COLUMNS
          • ALL_TAB_COMMENTS
          • ALL_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • ALL_TAB_PRIVS
          • ALL_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • ALL_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • ALL_TRIGGERS
          • ALL_TYPES
          • ALL_TYPE_ATTRS
          • ALL_TYPE_METHODS
          • ALL_USERS
          • ALL_VIEWS
          • ALL_DIRECTORIES
          • ALL_DEPENDENCIES
          • ALL_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • ALL_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • ALL_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • ALL_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • ALL_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • ALL_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • ALL_TAB_STATISTICS
          • AUDIT_ACTIONS
          • DBA_ALL_TABLES
          • DBA_ARGUMENTS
          • DBA_AUDIT_EXISTS
          • DBA_AUDIT_OBJECT
          • DBA_AUDIT_SESSION
          • DBA_AUDIT_STATEMENT
          • DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL
          • DBA_COLL_TYPES
          • DBA_COL_COMMENTS
          • DBA_COL_PRIVS
          • DBA_CONSTRAINTS
          • DBA_CONS_COLUMNS
          • DBA_CONTEXT
          • DBA_ERRORS
          • DBA_INDEXES
          • DBA_IND_COLUMNS
          • DBA_IND_EXPRESSIONS
          • DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
          • DBA_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • DBA_OB_DATABASES
          • DBA_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • DBA_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • DBA_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • DBA_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • DBA_METHOD_PARAMS
          • DBA_OBJECTS
          • DBA_OBJ_AUDIT_OPTS
          • DBA_PART_INDEXES
          • DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • DBA_PART_TABLES
          • DBA_PROCEDURES
          • DBA_PROFILES
          • DBA_ROLES
          • DBA_ROLE_PRIVS
          • DBA_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
          • DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS
          • DBA_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM
          • DBA_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
          • DBA_SEGMENTS
          • DBA_SOURCE
          • DBA_STMT_AUDIT_OPTS
          • DBA_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • DBA_SYNONYMS
          • DBA_SYS_PRIVS
          • DBA_TABLES
          • DBA_TABLESPACES
          • DBA_TAB_COLS
          • DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
          • DBA_TAB_COMMENTS
          • DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • DBA_TAB_PRIVS
          • DBA_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • DBA_TRIGGERS
          • DBA_TYPES
          • DBA_TYPE_ATTRS
          • DBA_TYPE_METHODS
          • DBA_USERS
          • DBA_VIEWS
          • DBA_RECYCLEBIN
          • DBA_DEPENDENCIES
          • DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
          • DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
          • DBA_RSRC_PLANS
          • DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
          • DBA_DIRECTORIES
          • DBA_JOBS
          • DBA_JOBS_RUNNING
          • DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • DBA_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • DBA_TAB_STATISTICS
          • NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
          • NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS
          • NLS_SESSION_PARAMETERS
          • STMT_AUDIT_OPTION_MAP
          • TENANT_VIRTUAL_GLOBAL_VARIABLE
          • TENANT_VIRTUAL_SESSION_VARIABLE
          • USER_ALL_TABLES
          • USER_ARGUMENTS
          • USER_AUDIT_OBJECT
          • USER_AUDIT_SESSION
          • USER_AUDIT_STATEMENT
          • USER_AUDIT_TRAIL
          • USER_COLL_TYPES
          • USER_COL_COMMENTS
          • USER_COL_PRIVS
          • USER_CONSTRAINTS
          • USER_CONS_COLUMNS
          • USER_ERRORS
          • USER_INDEXES
          • USER_IND_COLUMNS
          • USER_IND_EXPRESSIONS
          • USER_IND_PARTITIONS
          • USER_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • USER_OBJECTS
          • USER_PART_INDEXES
          • USER_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • USER_PART_TABLES
          • USER_PROCEDURES
          • USER_PROFILES
          • USER_ROLE_PRIVS
          • USER_SEGMENTS
          • USER_SEQUENCES
          • USER_SOURCE
          • USER_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • USER_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • USER_SYNONYMS
          • USER_SYS_PRIVS
          • USER_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • USER_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • USER_TRIGGERS
          • USER_TABLES
          • USER_TABLESPACES
          • USER_TAB_COLS
          • USER_TAB_COLUMNS
          • USER_TAB_COMMENTS
          • USER_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • USER_TAB_PRIVS
          • USER_TYPES
          • USER_TYPE_ATTRS
          • USER_TYPE_METHODS
          • USER_VIEWS
          • USER_JOBS
          • USER_RECYCLEBIN
          • USER_DEPENDENCIES
          • USER_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • USER_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • USER_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • USER_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • USER_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • USER_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • USER_TAB_STATISTICS
          • ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
          • ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
          • ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
          • DICTIONARY
          • DICT
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • DBA_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • DBA_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • DBA_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • DBA_OB_OUTLINE_CONCURRENT_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_OUTLINES
          • DBA_OB_CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • DBA_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • ALL_IND_STATISTICS
          • DBA_IND_STATISTICS
          • USER_IND_STATISTICS
          • ALL_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
          • DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
          • USER_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
          • DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
          • DBA_SQL_MANAGEMENT_CONFIG
          • USER_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS
          • USER_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS
          • DBA_OB_LS
          • DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • DBA_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • DBA_SEQUENCES
          • DBA_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
          • ALL_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
          • DBA_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • DBA_OB_USER_DEFINED_RULES
          • DBA_OB_TENANTS
          • DBA_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • DBA_POLICIES
          • ALL_POLICIES
          • USER_POLICIES
          • DBA_POLICY_GROUPS
          • ALL_POLICY_GROUPS
          • USER_POLICY_GROUPS
          • DBA_POLICY_CONTEXTS
          • ALL_POLICY_CONTEXTS
          • USER_POLICY_CONTEXTS
          • DBA_SEC_RELEVANT_COLS
          • ALL_SEC_RELEVANT_COLS
          • USER_SEC_RELEVANT_COLS
          • DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • ALL_TRIGGER_ORDERING
          • DBA_TRIGGER_ORDERING
          • USER_TRIGGER_ORDERING
          • DBA_OB_RSRC_IO_DIRECTIVES
          • ALL_DB_LINKS
          • DBA_DB_LINKS
          • USER_DB_LINKS
        • Performance views
          • Overview
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • GV$OB_KVCACHE
          • GV$OB_PARAMETERS
          • GV$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • GV$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • GV$OB_UNITS
          • GV$DBLINK
          • GV$INSTANCE
          • GV$OB_MEMORY
          • GV$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE
          • GV$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • GV$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • GV$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • GV$OB_PS_STAT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • GV$SESSTAT
          • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • GV$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • GV$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
          • GV$OB_SSTABLES
          • GV$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • V$GLOBALCONTEXT
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • V$OB_KVCACHE
          • V$OB_PARAMETERS
          • V$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • V$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • V$OB_UNITS
          • V$DBLINK
          • V$INSTANCE
          • V$OB_MEMORY
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE
          • V$NLS_PARAMETERS
          • V$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • V$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • V$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • V$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • V$OB_PS_STAT
          • V$SESSION_WAIT
          • V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • V$SESSTAT
          • V$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • V$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • V$VERSION
          • V$SQL_MONITOR_STATNAME
          • V$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
          • V$TIMEZONE_NAMES
          • V$OB_ENCRYPTED_TABLES
          • V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES
          • V$RSRC_PLAN
          • V$OB_SSTABLES
          • V$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • V$SYSSTAT
          • V$EVENT_NAME
          • GV$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • GV$DML_STATS
          • V$DML_STATS
          • GV$OB_LOG_STAT
          • V$OB_LOG_STAT
          • GV$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • V$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
          • V$OB_GLOBAL_TRANSACTION
          • V$OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_PLAN
          • GV$OPEN_CURSOR
          • V$OPEN_CURSOR
          • V$OB_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS
          • GV$OB_LOG_STAT
      • Common statistics events
      • Error codes (MySQL mode)
        • Overview
        • 0001 - 3999
        • 4000 - 4499
        • 4500 - 4999
        • 5000 - 5999
        • 6000 - 6999
        • 7000 - 7999
        • 8000 - 8999
        • 9000 - 9499
        • 9500 - 9999
        • 22998, 30926, 38104, and 38105
      • Error codes (Oracle mode)
        • Overview
        • ORA-00000 to ORA-00999
        • ORA-01000 to ORA-01499
        • ORA-01500 to ORA-01999
        • ORA-02000 to ORA-04999
        • ORA-05000 to ORA-10000
        • ORA-10000 to ORA-19999
        • ORA-20000 to ORA-29999
        • ORA-30000 to ORA-49999
        • ORA-50000 to ORA-99999
        • PLS-00000 to PLS-00999
      • Reserved keywords (MySQL mode)
      • Reserved keywords (Oracle mode)
    • Platforms
      • OMA
      • OMS
      • OCP
      • OCP Express
      • ODC
      • OAT
    • Components & tools
      • O&M
        • OBD
        • ob_admin
          • ob_admin overview
          • clog
            • log_tool
            • Format of clogs
            • Transaction logs
          • dumpsst
          • dump_backup
        • ob_error
      • Monitoring and diagnostics
        • DOOBA
      • Data integration
        • OBLOADER & OBDUMPER
        • CDC
          • Overview
          • obcdc
            • Install and Deploy obcdc
              • Install and deploy obcdc
              • obcdc development instructions
              • obcdc_tailf
            • obcdc Parameters
              • General obcdc parameters
              • obcdc parameters
            • FAQ of obcdc
          • oblogproxy
            • Install and Deploy oblogproxy
              • Install and deploy oblogproxy by using the installation package
              • Build oblogproxy by using the source code
            • Configuration file
          • oblogmsg
            • Install and deploy oblogmsg
            • Description of some oblogmsg APIs
      • Stress testing tools
        • mysqltest
          • mysqltest instructions
          • Test Cases
            • Add a test case
            • Test case writing conventions
            • General test case writing commands
  • FAQ
    • Products
    • SQL statements
    • Deployment
    • Cluster management
    • High availability
  • Release
    • Version rules
    • Enterprise edition
      • V4.1
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V4.1.0
      • V3.2
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.2.4
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.2.3
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.2.2
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.2.1
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.2.0
      • V3.1
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.1.2
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.1.1
      • V2.2
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V2.2.77
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V2.2.76
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V2.2.30
    • Community edition
      • V4.1
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V4.1.0
      • V4.0
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V4.0.0
      • V3.1
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V3.1.4
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V3.1.3
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V3.1.2
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V3.1.1

Download PDF

Overview Differences between the features of the Enterprise Edition and the Community Edition System architecture Overview SQL data types Built-in functions System views Compatibility with MySQL Limitations Get started with OceanBase Database Before you begin Basic SQL operations (MySQL mode) Basic SQL operations (Oracle mode) Build a Python application Build a Java application Build a C application Build a Go application Build a Python application Build a Java application Build a C application Try out operational OLAP Try out parallel import and data compression Try out the multi-tenant feature Video tutorials Overview OceanBase cluster deployment solutions Deployment process Overview Deploy OceanBase Database in a Kubernetes cluster Clean up an old cluster About data migration Migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database by using mydumper and myloader Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database Use DataX to migrate table data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database Use CloudCanal to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database Use Canal to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database Use Flink CDC to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database Use ChunJun to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database Synchronize data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using Canal Migrate data from a MySQL OceanBase database to a MySQL database using CloudCanal Migrate data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using Flink CDC Migrate data from a MySQL database in OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using ChunJun Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database Use DataX to migrate table data from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database Use DBCAT to migrate DB2 LUW table schemas to OceanBase Database Use DataX to migrate CSV files to OceanBase Database Import data by using the LOAD DATA statement Import data from SQL files to OceanBase Database Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between MySQL tenants in OceanBase Database clusters Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from a MySQL tenant to an Oracle tenant in an OceanBase cluster Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between Oracle tenants in OceanBase Database clusters Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from an Oracle tenant to a MySQL tenant in OceanBase Database Migrate data between tables Migrate resource units Export data by using OUTFILE statements Overview Import data in bypass mode by using the LOAD DATA statement Import data in bypass mode by using the INSERT INTO SELECT statement Log on to an OceanBase Database tenant Overview Cluster parameters Tenant introduction Tenant capacity Tenant types User tenants System variables of a tenant What is replica Traffic distribution Data distribution What is high availability Flashback queries Overview Introduction to physical backup and restore Deploy NFS Overview Cases Overview Log levels Log stability Log control Log metrics Troubleshoot SQL execution errors Overall architecture of OceanBase Database Overview Common statistics events Reserved keywords (MySQL mode) Reserved keywords (Oracle mode) OMA OMS OCP OCP Express ODC OAT Products SQL statements Deployment
OceanBase logo

The Unified Distributed Database for the AI Era.

Follow Us
Products
OceanBase CloudOceanBase EnterpriseOceanBase Community EditionOceanBase seekdb
Resources
DocsBlogLive DemosTraining & Certification
Company
About OceanBaseTrust CenterLegalPartnerContact Us
Follow Us

© OceanBase 2026. All rights reserved

Cloud Service AgreementPrivacy PolicySecurity
Contact Us
Document Feedback
  1. Documentation Center
  2. OceanBase Database
  3. SQL
  4. V4.1.0
iconOceanBase Database
SQL - V 4.1.0Enterprise Edition
SQL
KV
  • V 4.4.2
  • V 4.3.5
  • V 4.3.3
  • V 4.3.1
  • V 4.3.0
  • V 4.2.5
  • V 4.2.2
  • V 4.2.1
  • V 4.2.0
  • V 4.1.0
  • V 4.0.0
  • V 3.1.4 and earlier

OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V2.2.30

Last Updated:2023-07-28 02:53:17  Updated
share
What is on this page
V2.2.30 BP14
Version information
Applicable versions
Fixed issues
Known issues
Limitations
V2.2.30 BP15
Version information
Applicable versions
Function optimization
Fixed issues
Known issues
Limitations
V2.2.30 BP16
Version information
Applicable versions
Function optimization
Fixed issues
Known issues
Limitations
V2.2.30 BP17
Version information
Applicable versions
Fixed issues
Known issues
Limitations
V2.2.30 BP18
Version information
Applicable versions
Function optimization
Fixed issues
Known issues
Limitations
V2.2.30 BP19
Version information
Applicable versions
Fixed issues
Known issues
Limitations

folded

share

V2.2.30 BP14

Version information

  • Release date: September 9, 2020
  • Version: V2.2.30 BP14

Applicable versions

You can upgrade OceanBase Database V2.2.1-20200731153445 and V2.2.20 directly to this version. Notice

  • To upgrade from V2.2.1 to V2.2.30, you must upgrade to V2.2.30-BP10 or later.

  • If you want to upgrade from an earlier version to V2.2.1 and then to V2.2.30, make sure that you first upgrade to V2.2.1-1865649 or later. Then, you must perform a major or minor compaction before you can upgrade to V2.2.30.

Fixed issues

  • Issues about the core dump process of the OBServer are fixed.

  • When the Perl driver is used for OceanBase Database in MySQL mode, the INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE statement returns the number of affected rows that is inconsistent with the number of the affected rows of the MySQL database.

  • When a distributed execution plan is executed, remote procedure calls (RPC) for DML statements are aggregated to improve efficiency and reduce bandwidth consumption. In this case, insufficient memory may lead to an execution error. However, the error code is overwritten and the execution continues, resulting in memory write failure and core dump.

Known issues

  • We recommend that you do not use the NVARCHAR2 data type in Oracle mode. Otherwise, the thread that executes the SQL query may not respond.

  • In Oracle mode, you must not set sql_mode to PAD_CHAR_TO_FULL_LENGTH. Otherwise, a query error may occur.

  • In Oracle mode, you must not specify the alias of a system view in the statement when you query the system view. Otherwise, an error is returned.

Limitations

  • You must not store clogs and data on the same disk, especially an HDD. Otherwise, the observer process may unexpectedly exit due to the latency of clog writes. In addition, if the disk is fully occupied by clogs, core tables of the system may become leaderless.

  • When OceanBase Database is running, you must not set the time of the operating system back to the past.

V2.2.30 BP15

Version information

  • Release date: November 30, 2020
  • Version: V2.2.30 BP15

Applicable versions

You can upgrade OceanBase Database V2.2.1-20200731153445 and V2.2.20 directly to this version. Notice

  • To upgrade from V2.2.1 to V2.2.30, you must upgrade to V2.2.30-BP10 or later.

  • If you want to upgrade from an earlier version to V2.2.1 and then to V2.2.30, make sure that you first upgrade to V2.2.1-1865649 or later. Then, you must perform a major or minor compaction before you can upgrade to V2.2.30.

Function optimization

  • Log printing at the transaction layer is optimized. The amount of logs printed to the observer.log file is reduced.

  • Number system conversion by using the to_number function is supported in Oracle mode.

  • The query performance of the all_tab_columns view in Oracle mode is optimized.

Fixed issues

  • If a PL package is used in Oracle mode when the tenant memory is running out, the plan cache may access an invalid address, which leads to the unexpected exit of the observer process.

  • In some cases, refreshing the location cache triggers circular dependency, which results in stack overflow and OBServer core dump.

  • The throttling feature of OceanBase Database throttles the internal SQL statement for schema refresh, which results in slow schema refresh.

  • The Duplicate Primary Key error is returned when data is inserted during the execution of the TRUNCATE TABLE statement.

  • The major compaction is stuck due to the failure of check_micro_block_checksum.

  • When the plan is added to the plan cache during the query of a temporary table, the table_name string does not end with \0, which results in OBServer core dump.

  • The plan cache accesses released memory when a plan is evicted, which results in OBServer core dump.

  • When the LOB data type is used, the total required_size indicated by the __all_virtual_meta_table is less than the actually occupied disk space. This is because the statistics do not take into account the space occupied by data of the LOB type.

  • When HASH-RANGE partitioning is used, the memory of the HashNode module in the sys500 tenant of OceanBase Database leaks.

  • An error is returned when index creation times out. This issue causes the default value of the ddl_timeout parameter to be ignored during index creation. The ddl_timeout parameter specifies the timeout period of index creation and is set to 2s by default. The creation of an index for a large table tends to time out, even if the system retries.

  • The data write continues when the memory becomes insufficient because the error code is overwritten and not returned, which causes memory overflow and core dump.

  • An error occurs during the comparison between the CHAR and VARCHAR data types of OceanBase Database in Oracle mode.

  • The execution of the SUBTIME() function in MySQL mode may cause an out-of-bounds error and returns the error code 4016.

  • The write of SSTable metadata fails when you create a partition table because an error is ignored, which results in an observer restart failure.

  • The observer process may unexpectedly exit when you create an index for a subpartitioned table.

  • You add columns to a table in MySQL mode and specify the column order, but the results are not as expected.

Known issues

  • We recommend that you do not use the NVARCHAR2 data type in Oracle mode. Otherwise, the thread that executes the SQL query may not respond.

  • In Oracle mode, you must not set sql_mode to PAD_CHAR_TO_FULL_LENGTH. Otherwise, a query error may occur.

  • In Oracle mode, you must not specify the alias of a system view in the statement when you query the system view. Otherwise, an error is returned.

Limitations

  • You must not store clogs and data on the same disk, especially an HDD. Otherwise, the observer process may unexpectedly exit due to the latency of clog writes. In addition, if the disk is fully occupied by clogs, core tables of the system may become leaderless.

  • When OceanBase Database is running, you must not set the time of the operating system back to the past.

V2.2.30 BP16

Version information

  • Release date: March 11, 2021
  • Version: V2.2.30 BP16

Applicable versions

You can upgrade OceanBase Database V2.2.1-20200731153445 and V2.2.20 directly to this version. Notice

  • To upgrade from V2.2.1 to V2.2.30, you must upgrade to V2.2.30-BP10 or later.

  • If you want to upgrade from an earlier version to V2.2.1 and then to V2.2.30, make sure that you first upgrade to V2.2.1-1865649 or later. Then, you must perform a major or minor compaction before you can upgrade to V2.2.30.

Function optimization

  • Repeated logs that are frequently printed are throttled and printed once every 100 logs.

  • In earlier versions, the alter system minor freeze statement is executed without a timeout. In this version, its execution is subject to the timeout period for SQL statements.

  • A minicore file is generated after OceanBase Database unexpectedly exits. The size of a minicore file is smaller than that of a core file.

  • Symbols can be used in the compilation and packaging of OceanBase Database. By default, you can view the function names in a stack.

  • You can add a column with a specified column_id.

  • The log printing of the easy module is optimized.

  • The processing of the signal by the observer process is optimized.

  • The minor compaction of hot rows is optimized.

  • The GBK character set is optimized.

  • The speed of plan cache queries under the IS or IS NOT condition is increased.

  • The logic for log printing of IO_MANAGER is optimized.

Fixed issues

  • The major compaction is stuck due to the execution of the TIMESTAMPADD() function.

  • After an operation at the storage layer fails, the released memory is accessed by the subsequent operation, which results in unexpected quit of the observer process.

  • When the new parallel execution (PX) framework is used, the parameters are not cleared but reused, which results in the unexpected exit of the observer process.

  • When the IFNULL() function and UNION ALL clause are used, the SQL execution thread does not respond and the execution does not return results.

  • When a subquery is used as a filter in an expression, the SQL execution thread does not respond and the execution does not return results.

  • The ring buffer operation causes the double free error, which results in the unexpected exit of the observer process.

  • In MySQL mode, an error is returned during the conversion from the STRING data type to the INT data type.

  • The observer process unexpectedly exits during the processing of the microblock cache.

  • The memory may leak if an error occurs during the execution of a JOIN statement.

  • When you insert a very long string that contains non-English characters, a schema error is returned and the subsequent DDL statements are stuck.

  • No plan in the plan cache is hit when the SQL statement involves negative numbers and NULL.

  • The replay is stuck when a single-partition transaction is converted to a distributed transaction in specific scenarios.

  • The observer process unexpectedly exits due to the access to the released memory during the replay.

  • After the ALTER TABLE statement is executed to delete all prefixed indexes that contain the same column at a time, an error occurs when you delete the column.

  • In Oracle mode, an error occurs due to incorrect processing of the null values in the UPDATE SET statement.

  • The observer process unexpectedly exits when the SQL engine processes a null string.

  • SQL audit keeps printing false positive logs to the observer.log file due to PX.

  • If the __all_server table does not contain the target server specified in the STOP SERVER statement, the system keeps retrying.

  • The error code 4019 is returned when concurrent INSERT operations are performed on an auto-increment column.

  • The observer process unexpectedly exits due to the concurrent empty intermediate result sets.

  • When the UNION ALL clause is used, strings of the SQL statements that match the same execution plan may be truncated.

  • An overflow error is returned when the length of an SQL expression exceeds 8 KB.

  • The query_cache_type variable is incompatible with MySQL Database.

  • The value field in the NLS_SESSION_PARAMETERS view is incompatible with Oracle Database.

  • The information of time zone offset or region cannot be obtained when the time zone information is obtained.

  • The plan ID of the execution plan for a deleted table remains in the plan cache, which results in an error indicating that the table does not exist when you query the gv$plan_cache_plan_explain view by using that plan ID.

  • After you truncate a table that contains a trigger when the recycle bin is enabled, the execution of the PURGE RECYCLEBIN statement returns the error code 4016.

  • A forced refresh of the location cache is performed after a piece of location information is hit, which results in frequent refreshes.

Known issues

  • We recommend that you do not use the NVARCHAR2 data type in Oracle mode. Otherwise, the thread that executes the SQL query may not respond.

  • In Oracle mode, you must not set sql_mode to PAD_CHAR_TO_FULL_LENGTH. Otherwise, a query error may occur.

  • In Oracle mode, you must not specify the alias of a system view in the statement when you query the system view. Otherwise, an error is returned.

Limitations

  • You must not store clogs and data on the same disk, especially an HDD. Otherwise, the observer process may unexpectedly exit due to the latency of clog writes. In addition, if the disk is fully occupied by clogs, core tables of the system may become leaderless.

  • When OceanBase Database is running, you must not set the time of the operating system back to the past.

  • We recommend that you do not use the NVARCHAR2 data type in Oracle mode.

V2.2.30 BP17

Version information

  • Release date: May 19, 2021
  • Version: V2.2.30 BP17

Applicable versions

You can upgrade OceanBase Database V2.2.1-20200731153445 and V2.2.20 directly to this version. Notice

  • To upgrade from V2.2.1 to V2.2.30, you must upgrade to V2.2.30-BP10 or later.

  • If you want to upgrade from an earlier version to V2.2.1 and then to V2.2.30, make sure that you first upgrade to V2.2.1-1865649 or later. Then, you must perform a major or minor compaction before you can upgrade to V2.2.30.

Fixed issues

  • An error is returned due to the incorrect processing of the HASH INTERSECT DISTINCT operator during the execution of the SELECT INTERSECT statement.

  • The observer process unexpectedly exits when a string of only zeros is converted from the STRING data type to the NUMBER data type during the implicit type conversion.

  • In Oracle mode, an error occurs during the execution of the INSERT (SELECT FROM DUAL) UNION (SELECT FROM DUAL) statement.

  • The observer process may unexpectedly exit when you drop a global index.

  • The major compaction is stuck when the MEDIUMTEXT data type is changed to the LONGTEXT data type.

  • The memory for the sys500 tenant leaks because you drop a partition when a global index exists.

Known issues

  • We recommend that you do not use the NVARCHAR2 data type in Oracle mode. Otherwise, the thread that executes the SQL query may not respond.

  • In Oracle mode, you must not set sql_mode to PAD_CHAR_TO_FULL_LENGTH. Otherwise, a query error may occur.

  • In Oracle mode, you must not specify the alias of a system view in the statement when you query the system view. Otherwise, an error is returned.

Limitations

  • You must not store clogs and data on the same disk, especially an HDD. Otherwise, the observer process may unexpectedly exit due to the latency of clog writes. In addition, if the disk is fully occupied by clogs, core tables of the system may become leaderless.

  • When OceanBase Database is running, you must not set the time of the operating system back to the past.

  • We recommend that you do not use the NVARCHAR2 data type in Oracle mode.

V2.2.30 BP18

Version information

  • Release date: July 8, 2021
  • Version: V2.2.30 BP18

Applicable versions

You can upgrade OceanBase Database V2.2.1-20200731153445 and V2.2.20 directly to this version. Notice

  • To upgrade from V2.2.1 to V2.2.30, you must upgrade to V2.2.30-BP10 or later.

  • If you want to upgrade from an earlier version to V2.2.1 and then to V2.2.30, make sure that you first upgrade to V2.2.1-1865649 or later. Then, you must perform a major or minor compaction before you can upgrade to V2.2.30.

Function optimization

  • The performance of the optimizer in estimating and sampling rows of ultra-large partitions is optimized.

  • The connection with a MySQL tenant by using UNIX domain sockets is supported.

Fixed issues

  • When a node fails and the file descriptor feature is not disabled during the generation of the core dump file, other nodes still send RPCs to the failed node.

  • The data disk cannot be automatically detected and identified when it does not respond.

  • If the NESTED LOOP JOIN algorithm is used in a query, the observer process unexpectedly exits when a row that is relocated after the minor compaction of the MemStore is queried during the table access by the index primary key.

Known issues

  • We recommend that you do not use the NVARCHAR2 data type in Oracle mode. Otherwise, the thread that executes the SQL query may not respond.

  • In Oracle mode, you must not set sql_mode to PAD_CHAR_TO_FULL_LENGTH. Otherwise, a query error may occur.

  • In Oracle mode, you must not specify the alias of a system view in the statement when you query the system view. Otherwise, an error is returned.

Limitations

  • You must not store clogs and data on the same disk, especially an HDD. Otherwise, the observer process may unexpectedly exit due to the latency of clog writes. In addition, if the disk is fully occupied by clogs, core tables of the system may become leaderless.

  • When OceanBase Database is running, you must not set the time of the operating system back to the past.

  • We recommend that you do not use the NVARCHAR2 data type in Oracle mode.

V2.2.30 BP19

Version information

  • Release date: August 5, 2021
  • Version: V2.2.30 BP19

Applicable versions

You can upgrade OceanBase Database V2.2.1-20200731153445 and V2.2.20 directly to this version. Notice

  • To upgrade from V2.2.1 to V2.2.30, you must upgrade to V2.2.30-BP10 or later.

  • If you want to upgrade from an earlier version to V2.2.1 and then to V2.2.30, make sure that you first upgrade to V2.2.1-1865649 or later. Then, you must perform a major or minor compaction before you can upgrade to V2.2.30.

Fixed issues

  • In Oracle mode, the TO_TIMESTAMP() function always populates the date in UTC.

  • The logical restoration fails after a function index is added.

  • The observer process unexpectedly exits when it is in the progress of obtaining the freeze information.

  • The 16 KB length limit of keys can be exceeded.

  • The plan binding fails due to the comment added to the first row.

Known issues

  • We recommend that you do not use the NVARCHAR2 data type in Oracle mode. Otherwise, the thread that executes the SQL query may not respond.

  • In Oracle mode, you must not set sql_mode to PAD_CHAR_TO_FULL_LENGTH. Otherwise, a query error may occur.

  • In Oracle mode, you must not specify the alias of a system view in the statement when you query the system view. Otherwise, an error is returned.

Limitations

  • You must not store clogs and data on the same disk, especially an HDD. Otherwise, the observer process may unexpectedly exit due to the latency of clog writes. In addition, if the disk is fully occupied by clogs, core tables of the system may become leaderless.

  • When OceanBase Database is running, you must not set the time of the operating system back to the past.

  • We recommend that you do not use the NVARCHAR2 data type in Oracle mode.

Previous topic

OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V2.2.76
Last

Next topic

OceanBase Database Community Edition V4.1.0
Next
What is on this page
V2.2.30 BP14
Version information
Applicable versions
Fixed issues
Known issues
Limitations
V2.2.30 BP15
Version information
Applicable versions
Function optimization
Fixed issues
Known issues
Limitations
V2.2.30 BP16
Version information
Applicable versions
Function optimization
Fixed issues
Known issues
Limitations
V2.2.30 BP17
Version information
Applicable versions
Fixed issues
Known issues
Limitations
V2.2.30 BP18
Version information
Applicable versions
Function optimization
Fixed issues
Known issues
Limitations
V2.2.30 BP19
Version information
Applicable versions
Fixed issues
Known issues
Limitations