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Start on Cloud

A unified distributed database ready for your transactional, analytical, and AI workloads.

DEPLOY YOUR WAY

OceanBase Cloud

The best way to deploy and scale OceanBase

OceanBase Enterprise

Run and manage OceanBase on your infra

TRY OPEN SOURCE

OceanBase Community Edition

The free, open-source distributed database

OceanBase seekdb

Open source AI native search database

Customer Stories

Real-world success stories from enterprises across diverse industries.

View All
BY USE CASES

Mission-Critical Transactions

Global & Multicloud Application

Elastic Scaling for Peak Traffic

Real-time Analytics

Active Geo-redundancy

Database Consolidation

Comprehensive knowledge hub for OceanBase.

Blog

Live Demos

Training & Certification

Documentation

Official technical guides, tutorials, API references, and manuals for all OceanBase products.

View All
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QUICK START
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OceanBase Database

SQL - V4.1.0Enterprise Edition

  • What is OceanBase Database
    • Overview
    • Differences between the features of the Enterprise Edition and the Community Edition
    • System architecture
    • Compatibility with Oracle
      • Overview
      • SQL data types
      • Built-in functions
      • System views
    • Compatibility with MySQL
    • Limitations
  • Get Started
    • Get started with OceanBase Database
    • Learn OceanBase SQL
      • Before you begin
      • Basic SQL operations (MySQL mode)
      • Basic SQL operations (Oracle mode)
    • Build a sample application (MySQL mode)
      • Build a Python application
      • Build a Java application
      • Build a C application
      • Build a Go application
    • Build a sample application (Oracle mode)
      • Build a Python application
      • Build a Java application
      • Build a C application
    • Try out advanced features of OceanBase Database
      • Scalable OLTP
        • Run the TPC-C benchmark in OceanBase Database
        • Try out the hot row update capability of OceanBase Database
      • Try out operational OLAP
      • Try out parallel import and data compression
      • Try out the multi-tenant feature
      • DDL
        • Try out new DDL features in MySQL mode
        • Try out new DDL features in Oracle mode
    • Video tutorials
  • Develop
    • Develop applications in MySQL mode
      • Connect to OceanBase Database
        • Overview
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using the mysql client
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Boot
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Batch
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring JDBC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring JPA
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Hibernate
        • Use database connection pool
          • Database connection pool configuration
          • Configure a Tomcat connection pool
          • Configure a C3P0 connection pool
          • Configure a Proxool connection pool
          • Configure a HiKariCP connection pool
          • Configure a DBCP connection pool
          • Configure a CommonPool connection pool
          • Configure a JDBC connection pool
      • Create database objects
        • Create a database
        • Create a table
        • Create indexes
      • Write data
        • Insert data
        • Update data
        • Delete data
        • Replace data
      • Read data
        • About queries
        • Single-table queries
        • Conditional queries
        • ORDER BY queries
        • GROUP BY queries
        • Use the LIMIT clause in queries
        • Join tables
          • INNER JOIN queries
          • FULL JOIN queries
          • LEFT JOIN queries
          • RIGHT JOIN queries
          • Subqueries
        • Use operators and functions in queries
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use numerical functions in queries
          • Use string concatenation operators in queries
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use datetime functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use the CASE conditional operator in queries
          • Use the SELECT FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
        • Execution plans
          • View an execution plan
          • Understand an execution plan
        • Use SQL hints in queries
        • Variables of query timeout
      • Transactions
        • Overview
        • Start a transaction
        • Savepoints
          • Mark a savepoint
          • Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
          • Release a savepoint
        • Commit a transaction
        • Roll back a transaction
      • Troubleshoot common errors
        • Disconnected from the server, with ERROR 2013 reported
        • Idle transaction timed out, with ERROR 6002 reported
        • Transaction timed out, with ERROR 4012 reported
        • User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
        • Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
        • Table already exists, with ERROR 1050 reported
        • Table does not exist, with ERROR 1146 reported
        • Duplicate data inserted, with ERROR 1062 reported
        • ERROR 1215 reported in foreign key addition
        • Data truncated while being inserted, with ERROR 1265 reported
    • Develop applications in Oracle mode
      • Connect to OceanBase Database
        • Overview
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Boot
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Batch
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring JDBC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using MyBatis
        • Use database connection pool
          • Database connection pool configuration
          • Configure a Tomcat connection pool
          • Configure a C3P0 connection pool
          • Configure a Proxool connection pool
          • Configure a HiKariCP connection pool
          • Example of configuring a DBCP connection pool
          • Configure a CommonPool connection pool
          • Configure a JDBC connection pool
      • Create database objects
        • Create a table
        • Create an index
      • Write data
        • Insert data
        • Update data
        • Delete data
        • Replace data
      • Read data
        • About queries
        • Single-table queries
        • Conditional queries
        • ORDER BY queries
        • GROUP BY queries
        • Use Row_Limiting_Clause in queries
        • Join tables
          • INNER JOIN queries
          • FULL JOIN queries
          • LEFT JOIN queries
          • RIGHT JOIN queries
          • Subqueries
        • Use operators and functions in queries
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use numerical functions in queries
          • Use string concatenation operators in queries
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use datetime functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use CASE functions in queries
          • Use the SELECT FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
        • Execution plans
          • View execution plans of queries
          • Understand an execution plan
        • Use SQL hints in queries
        • About query timeout variables
      • Transactions
        • Overview
        • Start a transaction
        • Savepoints
          • Mark a savepoint
          • Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
        • Commit a transaction
        • Roll back a transaction
      • Troubleshoot common errors
        • Idle transaction timed out, with ORA-24761 error reported
        • Transaction timeout, with ORA-00600 error reported
        • User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
        • Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
        • Table already exists, with ORA-00955 error reported
        • Table does not exist, with ORA-04043 error reported
        • Duplicate data inserted, with ORA-00001 error reported
        • ORA-00600 error reported in foreign key addition
        • Inconsistent data types, with ORA-00932 error reported
  • Deploy
    • Overview
    • OceanBase cluster deployment solutions
    • Deploy OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition
      • Deployment process
      • Before deployment
        • Prepare servers
        • Configure servers
        • Prepare installation packages
      • Deploy through GUI
        • Configure deployment environment
          • Deploy OAT
          • Verify OAT deployment
          • Configure the clock source
          • Upload installation packages
          • Add a server
          • Edit a server
          • Create MetaDB
        • Deploy OCP
          • Overview
          • Deploy OCP
          • Verify OCP deployment
        • Deploy OceanBase clusters
          • Add an OBServer node to the resource pool
          • Create an OceanBase cluster
        • Deploy ODP
          • Overview
          • Deploy ODP
        • Create OceanBase tenant
          • View resources available for a business tenant
          • Create a tenant
          • Verify connectivity after tenant creation
        • Deploy ODC
          • Overview
          • Deploy ODC
          • Verify ODC deployment
      • Deploy through CLI
        • Configure deployment environment
          • Install oat-cli
          • Use oat-cli to configure the deployment environment
          • Configure the clock source
          • Upload installation packages
          • Configure host information
          • Check the environment before deployment
        • Deploy OCP
          • Overview
          • Generate a configuration file
          • Deploy OCP
          • Verify OCP deployment
        • Deploy OceanBase clusters
          • Deploy a single-replica OceanBase cluster
          • Deploy a three-replica OceanBase cluster
        • Deploy ODP
          • Deploy ODP
        • Create OceanBase tenants
          • View resources available for a business tenant
          • Create a tenant
          • Verify connectivity after tenant creation
        • Deploy ODC
          • Overview
          • Modify the configuration file
          • Start deployment
          • Verify deployment
    • Deploy OceanBase Database Community Edition
      • Overview
      • Deploy locally
        • Software and hardware requirements
        • Before deployment
          • Check resources
          • Set password-free SSH logon
          • Configure the clock source
          • Perform disk planning
          • Configure the limits.conf file
          • Configure the sysctl.conf file
          • Disable the firewall and SELinux
          • Create a user
        • Deploy through GUI
          • Deploy an OceanBase cluster by using OCP
        • Deploy OceanBase Database in a production environment by using a CLI
      • Deploy OceanBase Database in a Kubernetes cluster
    • Clean up an old cluster
  • Migrate
    • About data migration
    • Migrate from MySQL databases to OceanBase Database
      • Migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database by using mydumper and myloader
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use CloudCanal to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use Canal to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use Flink CDC to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use ChunJun to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to MySQL databases
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Synchronize data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using Canal
      • Migrate data from a MySQL OceanBase database to a MySQL database using CloudCanal
      • Migrate data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using Flink CDC
      • Migrate data from a MySQL database in OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using ChunJun
    • Migrate from Oracle databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to Oracle databases
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
    • Migrate from DB2 databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate DB2 LUW table schemas to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from CSV files to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate CSV files to OceanBase Database
      • Import data by using the LOAD DATA statement
    • Import data from SQL files to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate data between OceanBase Database
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between MySQL tenants in OceanBase Database clusters
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from a MySQL tenant to an Oracle tenant in an OceanBase cluster
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between Oracle tenants in OceanBase Database clusters
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from an Oracle tenant to a MySQL tenant in OceanBase Database
    • Migrate data using SQL statements
      • Migrate data between tables
      • Migrate resource units
      • Export data by using OUTFILE statements
    • Bypass import
      • Overview
      • Import data in bypass mode by using the LOAD DATA statement
      • Import data in bypass mode by using the INSERT INTO SELECT statement
  • Manage
    • Log on to an OceanBase Database tenant
    • Manage clusters
      • Overview
      • Cluster parameters
      • Common cluster operations
        • View a zone
        • View a node
        • Restart a node
        • Add a node
        • Delete a node
        • Isolate a node
        • Replace a node
        • Start a zone
        • Add a zone
        • Delete a zone
        • Modify a zone
        • Isolate a zone
        • View cluster parameters
        • Modify cluster parameters
        • Online scale-out from standalone deployment to distributed deployment
        • Upgrade clusters
          • Upgrade using CLI
            • Overview
            • Perform an upgrade
            • Check upgrade results
      • Troubleshoot common problems
        • Failures of a minority of nodes
        • Failures of the majority of nodes
    • Manage tenants
      • Tenant introduction
      • Tenant capacity
      • Tenant types
      • User tenants
      • System variables of a tenant
      • Common tenant operations
        • Create a tenant
        • Resource isolation
          • Overview
          • Manage resource isolation (Oracle mode)
            • Configure cgroups
            • Configure user-level resource isolation
            • Configure SQL statement-level resource isolation
            • Update a plan directive
            • Delete a plan directive
            • Delete a resource management plan
            • Delete a resource group
            • Clear cgroup configurations
          • Manage resource isolation (MySQL mode)
            • Configure cgroups
            • Configure user-level resource isolation
            • Configure SQL statement-level resource isolation
            • Update a plan directive
            • Delete a plan directive
            • Delete a resource management plan
            • Delete a resource group
            • Clear cgroup configurations
        • View tenant and resource information
        • Set and modify the tenant allowlist
        • View system variables of a tenant
        • Modify system variables of a tenant
        • Scale in/out
          • Tenant scaling
          • Modify the unit configs for a tenant
          • Modify the number of resource units for a tenant
          • Modify the number of primary zones for a tenant
        • Modify the attributes of a resource pool
        • Modify attributes of a tenant
        • Lock and unlock a tenant
        • Drop a tenant
        • Restore a tenant
        • Drop a resource pool
        • Drop a unit config
    • Manage replicas
      • What is replica
      • Replica distribution
        • Locality
        • Locality common operations
          • View locality
          • Modify locality
          • Add replicas
          • Remove replicas
          • Adjust the distribution of replicas
          • View the locality change history
          • Migrate units
      • Traffic distribution
      • Data distribution
    • High availability
      • What is high availability
      • Multi-replica disaster recovery
        • Data links
        • High availability of ODP
        • Database-level high availability
        • Disaster recovery architecture and levels
      • Physical standby database disaster recovery
        • Overview
        • Limitations
        • Create a standby tenant
        • Change the restore source of a standby tenant
        • Monitor the log synchronization status of a standby tenant
        • Adjust the log synchronization performance of a standby tenant
        • Adjust the log archiving speed of the primary tenant
        • Switch roles
          • Overview
          • Switchover
          • Failover
        • Drop a primary or standby tenant
      • Arbitration high availability
        • Overview
        • Enable the arbitration service
        • Disable the arbitration service
        • Modify the downgrade timeout period
        • Replace the arbitration service
        • Remove the arbitration service
      • Manage recycle bin
        • Recycle bin
        • Enable or disable the recycle bin
        • View objects in the recycle bin
        • Restore objects from the recycle bin
        • Purge the recycle bin
      • Flashback queries
    • Security and permissions
      • Overview
      • Identification and authentication
        • MySQL mode
          • Authentication
          • Password complexity
          • Login failure processing
        • Oracle mode
          • Authentication
          • Password complexity
          • Login failure processing
      • Access control
        • Overview
        • Users and permissions
          • Overview
          • MySQL mode
            • Privilege types in MySQL mode
            • Grant privileges
            • Privilege delegation
            • View user privileges
            • Modify user privileges
          • Oracle mode
            • Privilege types in Oracle mode
            • Direct privileges
            • Privilege delegation
            • Manage roles
            • Indirect privileges
            • View user privileges
            • Modify user privileges
        • Network security access control
        • Row-level access control
      • Data transmission encryption
        • Overview
        • OBServer transmission encryption
        • ODP transmission encryption
      • Transparent data encryption
        • Overview
        • MySQL mode
          • Enable transparent data encryption for new tables
          • Enable transparent data encryption for existing tables
          • Decrypt a table
        • Oracle mode
          • Enable transparent data encryption for a new table
          • Enable transparent data encryption for an existing table
          • Decrypt a table
      • Security audit
        • Overview
        • Enable security audit
        • Set and view audit rules
        • View audit records
        • Audit user logon operations
        • Audit user operations
        • Audit specified database objects
    • Backup and restore
      • Introduction to physical backup and restore
      • Deploy NFS
      • Log archive
        • Overview
        • Prepare for log archiving
        • Enable log archiving
        • Disable log archiving
        • View information about pieces
        • View the archiving progress
        • View the archiving history
        • View the archiving parameter settings
        • Change the destination of log archiving
        • Views related to log archiving
      • Data backup
        • Preparations
        • Initiate a full data backup job
        • Initiate an incremental data backup job
        • Stop a backup job
        • View the data backup progress
        • View the data backup history
        • View data backup parameter settings
        • Change the backup destination
        • Views related to data backup
      • Clear backup data
        • Automatic cleanup of expired backups
        • Stop backup cleanup
        • Query the backup cleanup progress
        • Query the backup cleanup history
        • Backup cleanup parameter
        • Views related to backup cleanup
      • Restore data
        • Preparations before the restore
        • Perform physical restore
        • Cancel the restore
        • Query the restore progress
        • Query the restore result
        • Change the role of a standby tenant to PRIMARY
        • Replay logs to a standby tenant
        • Parameters related to physical restore
        • Views related to physical restore
    • Monitoring
      • Overview
      • Metrics
        • System monitoring
          • Overview
          • Metrics
          • Wait events
          • Latch events
        • SQL monitoring
          • Overview
          • SQL Audit
          • Execution plans
      • Cases
    • Logs
      • Overview
      • Log levels
      • Log stability
      • Log control
      • Log metrics
      • View logs
        • Search for the logs of a specific SQL request
    • Performance tuning
      • SQL tuning
        • Execution plan optimization
          • Statistical information and row estimation
            • Statistical information
              • Collect statistical information
                • Automatic statistics collection
        • Business logic optimization
          • Schema specifications
    • Troubleshooting
      • Troubleshoot SQL execution errors
  • Reference
    • Concepts
      • Overall architecture of OceanBase Database
      • Database objects
        • Oracle mode
          • Tables
            • Overview
        • MySQL mode
          • Tables
            • Data type
              • Date and time data types
      • Data reliability and high availability
        • High availability architecture
          • Automatic handling of node failures
    • Administrator guide
      • Database connection and routing
        • Overview
        • Manage ODP
          • Overview
          • Manage ODP clusters
            • Create an ODP cluster
            • Manage ODP cluster parameters
            • Delete an ODP cluster
            • Upgrade all ODPs in an ODP cluster
            • Restart all ODPs in an ODP cluster
            • Manage OceanBase clusters connected to an ODP
            • Monitor ODP cluster performance
          • Manage ODP
            • Add an ODP
            • Start an ODP
            • Refresh ODP configurations
            • Stop an ODP
            • Restart an ODP
            • Delete an ODP
            • Upgrade one or more ODPs
          • ODP startup parameters
        • Physical connections
        • Logical connection
          • Query all sessions
          • Query the details of a session
          • Query the metrics of a session
          • Query session variables
          • Terminate a server session
        • Manage routing
          • Table-based routing of ODP
          • LDC-based routing
          • ODP routing policy
            • Read/Write splitting
            • Follower-first read
            • Blocklist mechanism
            • Transaction routing
      • Cluster and multi-tenant management
        • Manage clusters
          • Create a cluster
          • Manage clusters
          • Manage cluster parameters
            • Overview
            • Query cluster parameters
            • Modify cluster-level parameters
          • Manage zones in clusters
            • Overview of zone management
            • Add or delete a zone
            • Start or stop a zone
            • Modify the configurations of a zone
            • Restart a zone
            • Isolate a failed zone
          • Manage nodes
            • Add nodes
            • View the status of a node
            • Stop or start a node
            • Restart a node
            • Isolate a failed node
            • Delete a node
            • Replace a node
          • View the topology of a cluster
          • Overview of cluster tenant management
          • Monitor cluster performance
          • Cluster performance report
          • View resource information of a cluster
        • Manage configurations
          • Overview of configuration management
          • Set parameters
          • Set variables
          • General system parameters
          • Default production parameters
          • Minimum resource configurations
        • Manage resources
          • Overview
          • Create a resource unit configuration
          • Manage resource units
            • View resource unit configurations
            • Modify configurations of a resource unit
            • Drop a resource unit
          • Create a resource pool
          • Manage resource pools
            • View resource pools
            • Allocate a resource pool to a tenant
            • Modify a resource pool
            • Merge resource pools
            • Split a resource pool
            • Remove a resource pool from a tenant
            • Delete a resource pool
          • View resource allocation
        • Manage tenants
          • Overview of tenant management
          • Create a tenant
          • Create a user tenant
          • View tenant information
          • Copy a tenant
          • Modify a tenant
          • Rename a tenant
          • Drop a tenant
          • Manage users and permissions
            • Introduction
              • Overview
              • sys tenant
              • Oracle tenants
              • MySQL tenants
            • Oracle mode
              • Create a user
              • Set password complexity rules
              • Handle logon failures
              • View user privileges
              • Modify user privileges
              • Change the password of a user
              • Lock and unlock a user
              • Drop a user
              • Manage roles
                • Overview
                • Create a role
                • Assign a role to another role
                • Assign a role to a user
                • Specify valid or invalid roles for a user
                • View roles
                • Modify a role
                • Revoke a role
                • Drop a role
            • MySQL mode
              • Create a user
              • Set password complexity rules
              • Handle logon failures
              • View user privileges
              • Modify user privileges
              • Change the password of a user
              • Lock and unlock a user
              • Drop a user
          • Set and view the tenant allowlist
          • View the topology of a tenant
          • View the resource configurations of a tenant
          • Modify the resource configurations of a tenant
          • View the performance metrics of a tenant
          • View tenant sessions
          • Terminate a tenant session
          • Set the maximum number of connections for a tenant
          • Manage tenant parameters
            • Overview
            • Query tenant-level parameters
            • Modify tenant-level parameters
          • Manage tenant variables
        • Manage data storage
          • Dump management
            • Overview
            • Automatically trigger a minor compaction
            • Manually initiate a minor compaction
            • View minor compaction information
            • Modify minor compaction settings
          • Merge management
            • Overview
            • Automatically trigger a major compaction
            • Configure scheduled major compactions
            • Adaptive major compaction
            • Manually initiate a major compaction
            • Manually control a major compaction
            • View the major compaction process
            • Modify major compaction settings
          • Data compression
            • Overview
            • Data encoding and compression
        • Manage memory
          • Overview
          • Memory structure
          • Set the maximum memory for an OceanBase database
          • Manage internal system memory
          • Manage internal tenant memory
          • Manage the memory of the plan cache
          • Memleak-based regular memory leak diagnostics mechanism
          • Query memory usage information
          • Common memory issues
        • Manage processes
          • Overview
          • Multi-tenant threads of OceanBase Database
          • FAQ about multi-tenant threads
          • Background threads of OceanBase Database
        • Manage logs
          • Log overview
          • Log print level
            • Log generation levels
            • Set a log generation level
          • Manage size and quantity of log files
            • Use the log file splitting feature
            • Control the number of log files
          • View logs
            • Query the log of an SQL request
            • Query the log of a previous SQL request by using the SQL Trace feature
      • Manage database objects
        • Overview
        • MySQL mode
          • Manage databases
            • Create a database
            • View databases
            • Modify a database
            • Drop a database
          • Manage tables
            • Overview
            • Create a table
            • Define an auto-increment column
            • Define column constraints
            • Query the definition of a table
            • Modify a table
            • Empty a table
            • Drop a table
            • Lock a table
          • Manage indexes
            • Overview
            • Create an index
            • Query indexes
            • Drop an index
          • Manage views
          • Manage sequence
            • Create a sequence
            • Query sequences
            • Reference a sequence
            • Modify a sequence
            • Drop a sequence
          • Manage triggers
            • Overview
            • Create a DML trigger
            • Query trigger information
            • Drop a trigger
        • Oracle mode
          • Manage tables
            • Overview
            • Create a table
            • Define column constraints
            • Query the definition of a table
            • Modify a table
            • Empty a table
            • Drop a table
            • Lock a table
          • Manage indexes
            • Overview
            • Create an index
            • Query indexes
            • Drop an index
          • Manage views
          • Manage sequences
          • Manage synonyms
          • Manage triggers
            • Overview
            • Create a DML trigger
            • Create an INSTEAD OF trigger
            • Create a composite trigger
            • Modify and drop a trigger
            • Disable or enable a trigger
            • Query trigger information
          • Manage directory objects
          • Manage DBLink
            • Create a DBLink
            • View existing DBLinks
            • Use a DBLink to access data in a remote database
            • Use a DBLink to modify data in a remote database
            • Drop a DBLink
      • Manage replicas
        • Manage partitions
          • Oracle mode
            • Overview
            • Create a partitioned table
            • Modify partitioning rules
            • Add a partition
            • Drop partitions
            • Truncate a partition
            • Partition pruning
            • Query data in specified partitions
            • Create partitioned table index
              • Overview
              • Local indexes
              • Global indexes
          • MySQL mode
            • Overview
            • Create a partitioned table
            • Modify partitioning rules
            • Add a partition
            • Drop partitions
            • Truncate a partition
            • Partition pruning
            • Query data in specified partitions
            • Create partitioned table index
              • Overview
              • Local indexes
              • Global indexes
        • Manage replicas
          • Overview
          • Create a replica
          • Edit a tenant replica in a zone
          • Delete a tenant replica from a zone
        • Manage locality
          • Overview
          • Modify tenant locality
      • O&M
        • Scaling
          • Overview
          • Overview
            • Scale out
              • Add zones to a cluster
              • Add OBServer nodes to zones
            • Scale in
              • Delete zones from a cluster
              • Delete OBServer nodes from zones
          • Tenant resource scaling
            • Modify unit_config
            • Modify UNIT_NUM
        • Monitoring and alerting
          • Overview
          • Monitoring
            • Status monitoring
            • Performance monitoring
            • SQL monitoring
          • Alerting
            • Configure an alert channel
            • Alert push
            • Perform alert management
            • Manage general alert rules
        • Performance diagnosis
          • ASH report
            • ASH
            • Generate ASH reports
            • Analyze ASH reports
        • Emergency handling
          • Analysis, diagnostics, and decision-making process
          • Common emergency problem handling
            • Issues related to capacity changes
              • High disk I/O on the node
              • Tenant memory full
    • Performance tuning guide
      • Overview
      • Performance related tools
        • System tools
          • General tool Top
          • CPU tools
          • Memory tools
          • Disk I/O tools
          • Network tools
        • Internal tables
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
        • Logs
          • slow trans
          • dump tenant info
          • trace log
        • OCP
      • System tuning
        • OS parameter tuning
        • Database parameter tuning
          • CPU parameters
          • I/O parameters
          • Memory-related parameters
          • Network transmission parameters
        • OBProxy parameter tuning
          • CPU parameters
          • Network transmission parameters
          • Route parameters on nodes
      • Business model tuning
        • Load balancing
        • SQL diagnostics
        • Distributed transactions
      • SQL optimization guide
        • SQL request execution process
        • SQL execution plan
          • Introduction to SQL execution plans
          • Execution plan operator
            • TABLE SCAN
            • JOIN
            • COUNT
            • GROUP BY
            • WINDOW FUNCTION
            • SUBPLAN FILTER
            • DISTINCT
            • SEQUENCE
            • MATERIAL
            • SORT
            • LIMIT
            • FOR UPDATE
            • SELECT INTO
            • SUBPLAN SCAN
            • UNION
            • INTERSECT
            • EXCEPT/MINUS
            • INSERT
            • DELETE
            • UPDATE
            • MERGE
            • EXCHANGE
            • GI
          • Plan cache
          • Fast parameterization
          • Real-time execution plan display
        • Distributed execution plan
          • Perform distributed execution and parallel queries
          • Generate a distributed plan
          • Schedule distributed execution plans
          • Manage distributed execution plans
          • Execute parallel queries
          • Perform parameter tuning for a parallel query
          • Parallel DML
        • SQL optimization
          • Overview
          • General procedure of SQL tuning
          • SQL execution performance monitoring
            • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
            • SQL Trace
            • Plan cache views
            • SQL performance analysis example
              • Use SQL Audit to analyze wait events in a query
              • Analyze SQL queries that cause an abrupt RT jitter
              • View and analyze the shape of an execution plan
              • Analyze slow SQL queries
              • Query SQL traffic distribution and QPS
              • Check whether SQL queries are balanced across servers in a cluster
              • Find the TOP N SQL queries
              • Analyze whether an unusually large number of remote execution requests exist in the system or the execution of an SQL statement
              • Find full table scan SQL statements in a tenant
              • Find the TOP N queries with the longest execution time within a specified period
              • Analyze queries related to distributed plans
              • Check whether the RPC execution count of a distributed subplan is balanced across servers in a cluster
          • Optimizer statistics
            • Overview of statistics
            • Statistics conllection methods
              • Overview
              • Histograms
              • Manual statistics collection
              • Automatic statistics collection
              • Online statistics collection
            • Statistics management
              • Overview
              • Deletion
              • Setting
              • Import and export
              • Locking and unlocking
              • History management
              • Collection strategy prefs management
            • Examples
          • Query rewrite
            • Overview
            • Rule-based query rewrite
            • Cost-based query rewrite
          • Query optimization
            • Access path
              • Overview
              • Rule-based path selection
              • Cost-based path selection
            • Join algorithm
              • Overview
              • Join algorithms
              • Join order
          • Manage execution plans
            • Optimizer hints
            • Plan binding
            • SQL plan management
        • Glossary
        • General issues in SQL tuning
      • Performance testing
        • Run the TPC-H benchmark on OceanBase Database
        • TPC-H benchmark report of OceanBase Database
        • Run the Sysbench benchmark on OceanBase Database
        • Sysbench benchmark report of OceanBase Database
        • Run the TPC-C benchmark on OceanBase Database
        • TPC-C benchmark report of OceanBase Database
    • Application development reference
      • SQL syntax
        • System tenants
          • Overview
          • ALTER SYSTEM
            • BACKUP
            • Log archive
            • BALANCE TASK
            • CANCEL MIGRATE UNIT
            • CHANGE TENANT
            • DELETE BACKUPSET
            • DELETE OBSOLETE BACKUP
            • FAILOVER
            • FLUSH
            • JOB
            • MERGE
            • MIGRATE UNIT
            • PARAMETER
            • RECOVER
            • REFRESH
            • REPLICA
            • RESTORE
            • SERVER
            • SWITCHOVER
            • THROTTLE
            • ZONE
          • ALTER RESOURCE POOL
          • ALTER RESOURCE TENANT
          • ALTER RESOURCE UNIT
          • ALTER TENANT
          • CREATE RESOURCE POOL
          • CREATE RESOURCE UNIT
          • CREATE TENANT
          • DROP RESOURCE POOL
          • DROP RESOURCE UNIT
          • DROP TENANT
          • SET DECRYPTION
          • SET ENCRYPTION
        • Common tenant (MySQL mode)
          • Basis elements
            • Data types
              • Overview
              • Numeric types
                • Overview
                • Integer data types
                • Fixed-point data types
                • Floating-point data types
                • Bit value data type
              • Date and time types
                • Overview
                • DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP types
                • TIME type
                • YEAR type
              • Character types
                • Overview
                • CHAR and VARCHAR
                • BINARY and VARBINARY
              • Large objects and text types
                • Overview
                • BLOB types
                • TEXT types
              • ENUM data type
              • SET data type
              • JSON data types
                • Overview
                • Create a JSON value
                • Query and modify JSON values
                • Convert a JSON data type
              • Spatial data types
                • Overview
                • SRS
                • Create a spatial column
                • Create a spatial index
                • Spatial data formats
            • Expressions
              • Overview
              • Expression syntax
              • Convert data types in expression evaluation
            • Character set and collation
              • Overview
              • Character sets
              • Collations
              • Database-level character sets and collations
              • Table-level character sets and collations
              • Column-level character sets and collations
              • Character sets and collations for character expressions
              • Character sets and collations for client connection
            • Literal
              • Overview
              • Strings
              • Value
              • Datetime values
              • Bit values
              • Boolean
              • NULLs
            • Schema object names
            • User-defined variables
            • Comments
          • Operator
            • Overview
            • Operator precedence
            • Arithmetic operators
            • Bitwise operators
            • Comparison operators
            • Logical operators
            • Assignment operators
            • Datetime operators
            • Concatenation operators
            • BINARY operator
            • CASE conditional operator
          • Sequence pseudocolumns
          • Function
            • Overview
            • Single-row functions
              • Date and time functions
                • ADDDATE
                • CONVERT_TZ
                • CURDATE
                • CURRENT_DATE
                • CURRENT_TIME
                • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                • CURTIME
                • DATE
                • DATE_ADD
                • DATE_FORMAT
                • DATE_SUB
                • DATEDIFF
                • DAYOFMONTH
                • DAYOFWEEK
                • DAYOFYEAR
                • EXTRACT
                • FROM_DAYS
                • FROM_UNIXTIME
                • GET_FORMAT
                • HOUR
                • LAST_DAY
                • LOCALTIME
                • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                • MAKEDATE
                • MAKETIME
                • MICROSECOND
                • MINUTE
                • MONTH
                • MONTHNAME
                • NOW
                • PERIOD_ADD
                • PERIOD_DIFF
                • QUARTER
                • SEC_TO_TIME
                • SECOND
                • STR_TO_DATE
                • SUBDATE
                • SUBTIME
                • SYSDATE
                • TIME
                • TIME_FORMAT
                • TIME_TO_SEC
                • TIME_TO_USEC
                • TIMEDIFF
                • TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMPADD
                • TIMESTAMPDIFF
                • TO_DAYS
                • TO_SECONDS
                • UNIX_TIMESTAMP
                • USEC_TO_TIME
                • UTC_DATE
                • UTC_TIME
                • UTC_TIMESTAMP
                • WEEK
                • WEEKDAY
                • WEEKOFYEAR
                • YEARWEEK
                • YEAR
                • ADDTIME
                • DAYNAME
                • DAY
              • String functions
                • ASCII
                • BIN
                • BIT_LENGTH
                • CHAR
                • CHAR_LENGTH
                • CHARACTER_LENGTH
                • CONCAT
                • CONCAT_WS
                • ELT
                • EXPORT_SET
                • FIELD
                • FIND_IN_SET
                • FORMAT
                • HEX
                • INSERT
                • INSTR
                • INT2IP
                • IP2INT
                • LCASE
                • LEFT
                • LENGTH
                • LOCATE
                • LOWER
                • LPAD
                • LTRIM
                • MAKE_SET
                • MID
                • OCT
                • OCTET_LENGTH
                • ORD
                • POSITION
                • QUOTE
                • REGEXP
                • REGEXP_INSTR
                • REGEXP_LIKE
                • REGEXP_REPLACE
                • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                • REPEAT
                • REPLACE
                • REVERSE
                • RIGHT
                • RLIKE
                • RPAD
                • RTRIM
                • SPACE
                • STRCMP
                • SUBSTR
                • SUBSTRING
                • SUBSTRING_INDEX
                • TRIM
                • UCASE
                • UNHEX
                • UPPER
                • WEIGHT_STRING
                • TO_BASE64
                • FROM_BASE64
                • SOUNDEX
              • Conversion functions
                • CAST
                • CONVERT
                • SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
              • Mathematical functions
                • ABS
                • ACOS
                • ASIN
                • ATAN
                • ATAN2
                • BIT_COUNT
                • CEIL
                • CEILING
                • CONV
                • COS
                • COT
                • CRC32
                • DEGREES
                • EXP
                • FLOOR
                • LN
                • LOG
                • LOG10
                • LOG2
                • MOD
                • NEG
                • PI
                • POW
                • POWER
                • RADIANS
                • RAND
                • ROUND
                • SIGN
                • SIN
                • SQRT
                • TAN
                • TRUNCATE
              • Comparison functions
                • GREATEST
                • INTERVAL
                • ISNULL
                • LEAST
              • Process control functions
                • CASE
                • IF
                • IFNULL
                • NULLIF
                • ORA_DECODE
            • Aggregation functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • COUNT
              • GROUP_CONCAT
              • GROUPING
              • MAX
              • MIN
              • STD
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
            • Analysis functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • COUNT
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • FIRST_VALUE
              • LAG
              • LAST_VALUE
              • LEAD
              • MAX
              • MIN
              • NTH_VALUE
              • NTILE
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • RANK
              • ROW_NUMBER
              • STD
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
            • Encryption functions
              • AES_DECRYPT
              • AES_ENCRYPT
              • COMPRESS
              • DECODE
              • DES_DECRYPT
              • DES_ENCRYPT
              • ENCODE
              • ENCRYPT
              • MD5
              • UNCOMPRESS
              • UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH
              • RANDOM_BYTES
              • SHA
              • SHA1
              • SHA2
              • VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH
            • Information functions
              • BENCHMARK
              • CHARSET
              • COERCIBILITY
              • COLLATION
              • CONNECTION_ID
              • CURRENT_USER
              • DATABASE
              • FOUND_ROWS
              • LAST_INSERT_ID
              • ICU_VERSION
              • ROW_COUNT
              • SCHEMA
              • SESSION_USER
              • SYSTEM_USER
              • USER
              • VERSION
              • OB_VERSION
            • JSON functions
              • Create JSON text
                • JSON_ARRAY
                • JSON_OBJECT
                • JSON_QUOTE
              • Search JSON text
                • JSON_CONTAINS
                • JSON_CONTAINS_PATH
                • JSON_EXTRACT
                • JSON_KEYS
                • JSON_OVERLAPS
                • JSON_SEARCH
                • JSON_VALUE
                • MEMBER OF
              • Modify JSON text
                • JSON_ARRAY_APPEND
                • JSON_ARRAY_INSERT
                • JSON_INSERT
                • JSON_MERGE
                • JSON_MERGE_PATCH
                • JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE
                • JSON_REMOVE
                • JSON_REPLACE
                • JSON_SET
                • JSON_UNQUOTE
              • Return JSON text properties
                • JSON_DEPTH
                • JSON_LENGTH
                • JSON_TYPE
                • JSON_VALID
              • JSON utility functions
                • JSON_PRETTY
                • JSON_STORAGE_SIZE
              • JSON aggregation functions
                • JSON_ARRAYAGG
                • JSON_OBJECTAGG
            • Spatial functions
              • Create a geometric function
              • Spatial operation functions
              • Spatial relation functions
              • Geometry property functions
              • Geometric format conversion functions
          • Queries and subqueries
            • Overview
            • Subquery
            • JOIN
          • SQL statements
            • General syntax
            • CTE
            • ALTER DATABASE
            • ALTER OUTLINE
            • ALTER SEQUENCE
            • MERGE
            • ALTER TABLE
            • ALTER TABLEGROUP
            • ALTER USER
            • ALTER VIEW
            • ANALYZE
            • CREATE DATABASE
            • CREATE INDEX
            • CREATE OUTLINE
            • CREATE SEQUENCE
            • CREATE TABLE
            • CREATE TABLEGROUP
            • CREATE USER
            • CREATE VIEW
            • DEALLOCATE PREPARE
            • DELETE
            • DESCRIBE
            • DROP DATABASE
            • DROP INDEX
            • DROP OUTLINE
            • DROP TABLE
            • DROP TABLEGROUP
            • DROP SEQUENCE
            • DROP USER
            • DROP VIEW
            • EXECUTE
            • EXPLAIN
            • FLASHBACK
            • GRANT
            • HELP
            • INSERT
            • KILL
            • LOAD DATA
            • LOCK TABLES
            • MERGE
            • OPTIMIZE
            • PREPARE
            • PURGE
            • PURGE RECYCLEBIN
            • RENAME USER
            • RENAME TABLE
            • REPLACE
            • REVOKE
            • SAVEPOINT
            • SCHEMA
            • SELECT INTO
            • SELECT
              • SELECT
              • JOIN clause
              • OVER clause
              • UNION clause
            • SET
            • SET CHARSET
            • SET NAMES
            • SET PASSWORD
            • SET TRANSACTION
            • SHOW
            • TRANSACTION
            • TRUNCATE TABLE
            • UPDATE
            • USE
          • DDL features
            • Overview
            • Index operations
            • Primary key operations
            • Column operations
            • Column generation operations
            • Foreign key operations
            • Table operations
            • Partition operations
            • Column type change rules
          • Performance schema functions
            • FORMAT_BYTES
            • FORMAT_PICO_TIM
          • Other functions
            • ANY_VALUE
            • BIN_TO_UUID
            • COALESCE
            • DEFAULT
            • NAME_CONST
            • INET_ATON
            • INET_NTOA
            • INET6_ATON
            • INET6_NTOA
            • IS_IPV4
            • IS_IPV4_COMPAT
            • IS_IPV6
            • IS_UUID
            • NVL
            • UUID_TO_BIN
            • SLEEP
            • UUID
            • UUID_SHORT
            • VALUES
        • Common tenant (Oracle mode)
          • Introduction to SQL
          • Pseudo column
            • Overview
            • Hierarchical query pseudocolumns
            • Sequence pseudocolumns
            • ORA_ROWSCN pseudocolumn
            • ROWNUM pseudocolumn
            • ROWID pseudocolumn
          • Basic elements
            • Built-in data types
              • Overview
              • Character data types
                • Overview
                • CHAR data type
                • NCHAR data type
                • NVARCHAR2 data type
                • VARCHAR2 data type
                • VARCHAR data type
              • Numeric data types
                • Overview
                • NUMBER data type
                • FLOAT data type
                • Floating-point numbers
                • Precedence of numeric data types
              • Date and time and interval data types
                • Overview
                • DATE type
                • TIMESTAMP type
                • TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE date type
                • TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE data type
                • INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH data type
                • INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND data type
                • Calculation of dates, timestamps, and intervals
              • RAW data type
              • Large object data types
                • Overview
                • BLOB data type
                • CLOB data type
              • Rowid data types
              • User-defined data types
              • Any type
              • JSON data types
                • Overview
                • Create JSON columns
                • Query JSON data
                • Conversion rules for JSON data types
            • Data type comparison rules
              • Overview
              • Numeric value comparison rules
              • Date value comparison rules
              • Character value comparison rules
              • Data type precedence
              • Data type conversion rules
              • Security considerations for data conversion
            • Literal
              • Overview
              • Text literals
              • Numeric literals
              • Date and time literal
                • Date literals
                • Timestamp literals
              • Interval literals
            • Format model
              • Overview
              • Number format models
              • Datetime format models
              • RR datetime format element
              • String-to-date conversion rules
            • Null value
              • Overview
              • Nulls in SQL functions
              • Nulls in comparison conditions
              • Nulls in conditional expressions
            • Annotation
              • Overview
              • Comments within SQL statements
              • Comments on schema and nonschema objects
              • Hint
                • Overview
                • Hint list
                  • Hints related to access path
                  • Hints related to join orders
                  • Hints related to joins
                  • Hints related to parallel execution
                  • Hints related to query strategy
                  • Hints related to query conversion
                  • Other hints
            • Database objects
              • Schema objects
              • Non-schema objects
            • Database naming conventions
              • Overview
              • Suggestions on schema object names
            • Database object reference method
              • Overview
              • Reference to schema objects
              • Reference objects in remote databases
                • Create a database link
                • Reference a database link
              • Reference to partition tables and indexes
              • Reference an attribute or method of an object type
          • Operator
            • Overview
            • Operator precedence
            • Arithmetic operators
            • Concatenation operator
            • Hierarchical query operators
            • Set operators
            • COLLATE operator
          • Function
            • Overview
            • Single-row functions
              • Numeric functions
                • ABS
                • ACOS
                • ASIN
                • ATAN
                • ATAN2
                • BITAND
                • CEIL
                • COS
                • COSH
                • EXP
                • FLOOR
                • LN
                • LOG
                • MOD
                • NANVL
                • POWER
                • REMAINDER
                • ROUND
                • SIGN
                • SIN
                • SINH
                • SQRT
                • TAN
                • TANH
                • TRUNC
                • WIDTH_BUCKET
              • String functions returning strings
                • CHR
                • CONCAT
                • INITCAP
                • LOWER
                • LPAD
                • LTRIM
                • NLS_LOWER
                • NLS_UPPER
                • REGEXP_REPLACE
                • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                • REPLACE
                • RPAD
                • RTRIM
                • SUBSTR
                • TRANSLATE
                • TRANSLATE ... USING
                • TRIM
                • UPPER
              • String functions returning numbers
                • ASCII
                • INSTR
                • LENGTH
                • REGEXP_COUNT
                • REGEXP_INSTR
              • Date and time
                • ADD_MONTHS
                • CURRENT_DATE
                • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                • DBTIMEZONE
                • EXTRACT(datetime)
                • FROM_TZ
                • LAST_DAY
                • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                • MONTHS_BETWEEN
                • NEXT_DAY
                • NUMTODSINTERVAL
                • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
                • ROUND (date)
                • SESSIONTIMEZONE
                • SYS_EXTRACT_UTC
                • SYSDATE
                • SYSTIMESTAMP
                • TO_CHAR (datetime)
                • TO_DSINTERVAL
                • TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
                • TO_YMINTERVAL
                • TRUNC (date)
                • TZ_OFFSET
              • Generic comparison functions
                • GREATEST
                • LEAST
              • Conversion functions
                • ASCIISTR
                • CAST
                • CHARTOROWID
                • CONVERT
                • HEXTORAW
                • NUMTODSINTERVAL
                • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
                • RAWTOHEX
                • ROWIDTOCHAR
                • ROWIDTONCHAR
                • SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
                • TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
                • TO_BINARY_FLOAT
                • TO_BLOB
                • TO_CHAR (character)
                • TO_CHAR (datetime)
                • TO_CHAR (number)
                • TO_CLOB
                • TO_DATE
                • TO_DSINTERVAL
                • TO_MULTI_BYTE
                • TO_NUMBER
                • TO_NCHAR (character)
                • TO_NCHAR (datetime)
                • TO_NCHAR (number)
                • TO_SINGLE_BYTE
                • TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
                • TO_YMINTERVAL
                • UNISTR
              • Encoding and decoding functions
                • DECODE
                • DUMP
                • ORA_HASH
                • VSIZE
              • Null value related functions
                • COALESCE
                • LNNVL
                • NANVL
                • NULLIF
                • NVL
                • NVL2
              • Environment and identifier functions
                • SYS_CONTEXT
                • SYS_GUID
                • UID
                • USER
                • USERENV
                • OB_VERSION
              • Hierarchical functions
                • SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH
              • JSON functions
                • Overview
                • Create JSON text
                  • JSON_ARRAY
                  • JSON_OBJECT
                  • JSON_ARRAYAGG
                  • JSON_OBJECTAGG
                • Query JSON text
                  • JSON_VALUE
                  • JSON_QUERY
                  • JSON_EXISTS
                  • JSON_TABLE
                • Validate JSON text
                  • JSON_EQUAL
                • Modify JSON text
                  • JSON_MERGEPATCH
            • Aggregation functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • CORR
              • COUNT
              • COVAR_POP
              • COVAR_SAMP
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • GROUPING
              • KEEP
              • LISTAGG
              • MAX
              • MEDIAN
              • MIN
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • PERCENTILE_CONT
              • PERCENTILE_DISC
              • RANK
              • REGR_ (Linear Regression)
              • ROLLUP
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
            • Analysis functions
              • Analytic functions
              • AVG
              • CORR
              • COUNT
              • COVAR_POP
              • COVAR_SAMP
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • FIRST_VALUE
              • KEEP
              • LAG
              • LAST_VALUE
              • LEAD
              • LISTAGG
              • MAX
              • MEDIAN
              • MIN
              • NTILE
              • NTH_VALUE
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • PERCENTILE_CONT
              • PERCENTILE_DISC
              • RANK
              • RATIO_TO_REPORT
              • REGR_ (Linear Regression)
              • ROW_NUMBER
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
          • Expressions
            • Overview
            • Simple expressions
            • Compound expressions
            • Case expressions
            • Column expressions
            • CURSOR expressions
            • Datetime expressions
            • Function expressions
            • Interval expressions
            • Scalar subquery expressions
            • Type constructor expressions
            • Expression list
          • Conditions
            • Overview
            • Condition precedence
            • Comparison conditions
            • Floating-point conditions
            • Logical conditions
            • Pattern-matching conditions
            • Null conditions
            • Compound conditions
            • BETWEEN condition
            • EXISTS condition
            • IN condition
          • Queries and subqueries
            • Overview
            • Simple query
            • Hierarchical query
            • Compound query
            • Join queries
            • Subqueries
            • DUAL table query
          • SQL statements
            • DDL
              • ALTER INDEX
              • ALTER KEYSTORE
              • ALTER OUTLINE
              • ALTER PROFILE
              • ALTER ROLE
              • ALTER SEQUENCE
              • ALTER SESSION
              • ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH PLAN CACHE
              • ALTER SYSTEM PARAMETER
              • ALTER TABLE
              • ALTER TABLEGROUP
              • ALTER USER
              • CREATE CONTEXT
              • CREATE DIRECTORY
              • CREATE DATABASE LINK
              • CREATE INDEX
              • CREATE KEYSTORE
              • CREATE OUTLINE
              • CREATE PROFILE
              • CREATE ROLE
              • CREATE SEQUENCE
              • CREATE SYNONYM
              • CREATE TABLE
              • CREATE TABLEGROUP
              • CREATE TABLESPACE
              • CREATE USER
              • CREATE VIEW
              • DROP CONTEXT
              • DROP DIRECTORY
              • DROP INDEX
              • DROP OUTLINE
              • DROP PROFILE
              • DROP ROLE
              • DROP SEQUENCE
              • DROP SYNONYM
              • DROP TABLE
              • DROP TABLEGROUP
              • DROP TABLESPACE
              • DROP USER
              • DROP VIEW
              • RENAME
              • TRUNCATE TABLE
              • ALTER SYSTEM MAJOR FREEZE
            • DML
              • DELETE
              • INSERT
              • MERGE
              • PURGE
              • SELECT
                • SIMPLE SELECT
                • Set-based SELECT
                • WITH CLAUSE
              • UPDATE
            • DCL
              • ANALYZE
              • AUDIT
              • COMMENT
              • COMMIT
              • EXPLAIN
              • FLASHBACK TABLE BEFORE DROP
              • GRANT
              • KILL
              • LOAD DATA
              • LOCK TABLE
              • REVOKE
              • ROLLBACK
              • SAVEPOINT
              • SET NAMES
              • SET PASSWORD
              • SET ROLE
              • SET VARIABLE
              • SHOW
              • SHRINK
              • TRANSACTION
          • DDL features
            • Overview
            • Index operations
            • Primary key operations
            • Column operations
            • Column generation operations
            • Foreign key operations
            • Table operations
            • Partition operations
            • Column type change rules
      • SQL practices and suggestions
        • Limits on writing SQL statements
        • SQL writing guidelines
          • SELECT statements
          • DML statements
          • Multi-table join statements
          • Table scan
          • Transactions
          • Cache
          • Hint
          • Other specifications
        • SQL statement examples
          • Implicit data type conversion
          • JOIN tables
          • Weak consistency read
          • Pagination queries
      • PL reference
        • What is PL
          • Overview
          • Main features of PL
          • PL architecture
        • MySQL mode
          • Syntax of PL stored programs
          • PL stored procedure
            • Overview
            • Variables in stored programs
            • Stored procedures
            • Stored functions
            • Trigger
            • Limitations on stored programs
          • PL cursor
            • Overview
            • Cursor execution process
            • Limitations on server cursors
          • PL conditional control statements
            • CASE
            • IF
            • ITERATE
            • LEAVE
            • LOOP
            • REPEAT
            • RETURN
            • WHILE
          • PL DML statements
            • CALL
            • DO
          • PL DDL statements
            • ALTER FUNCTION
            • ALTER PROCEDURE
            • CREATE FUNCTION
            • CREATE PROCEDURE
            • CREATE TRIGGER
            • DROP FUNCTION
            • DROP PROCEDURE
            • DROP TRIGGER
          • PL database management statements
            • SHOW CREATE FUNCTION
            • SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE
            • SHOW CREATE TRIGGER
            • SHOW FUNCTION STATUS
            • SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS
            • SHOW TRIGGERS
          • PL related dictionary views
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARAMETERS
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS
          • PL exception handling
            • Overview
            • DECLARE ... CONDITION
            • DECLARE ... HANDLER
            • GET DIAGNOSTICS
            • RESIGNAL
            • SIGNAL
            • Effective scope of an exception handler
            • Diagnostics area
            • Exception handling and OUT/INOUT parameters
            • Limitations on exception handling
          • PL system package
            • Overview
            • DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • CREATE_PLAN
              • CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • DELETE_PLAN
              • DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
              • UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • DBMS_STATS
              • Overview
              • ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • CREATE_STAT_TABLE
              • DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
              • DELETE_INDEX_STATS
              • DELETE_TABLE_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
              • DROP_STAT_TABLE
              • EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
              • GATHER_INDEX_STATS
              • GATHER_TABLE_STATS
              • GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • GET_PARAM
              • GET_PREFS
              • IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
              • RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
              • PURGE_STATS
              • SET_COLUMN_STATS
              • SET_INDEX_STATS
              • SET_TABLE_STATS
              • SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
              • SET_PARAM
              • SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • SET_TABLE_PREFS
              • UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
            • DBMS_UDR
              • Overview
              • CREATE_RULE
              • DISABLE_RULE
              • ENABLE_RULE
              • REMOVE_RULE
            • DBMS_XPLAN
              • Overview
              • DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
          • Reserved and non-reserved PL keywords
        • Oracle mode
          • PL language basics
            • Character sets
            • Lexical units
            • Declaration
            • Reference identifiers
            • Scope and visibility of identifiers
            • Assign values
            • Expressions
            • PL blocks
            • Subprograms
            • Error-reporting functions
          • PL data types
            • Overview
            • SQL data types
            • LOB data types
            • BOOLEAN type
            • User-defined subtypes
            • PLS_INTEGER and BINARY_INTEGER
            • Arrays
            • PL JSON data types
          • PL process control
            • Overview
            • Conditional control
            • Loop control
            • Sequential control
          • PL collections and records
            • Overview
            • Collections
            • Associative arrays
            • Varrays
            • Nested tables
            • Collection constructor function
            • Collection methods
              • Overview of collection methods
              • DELETE method
              • TRIM method
              • EXTEND method
              • EXISTS method
              • FIRST and LAST methods
              • COUNT method
              • LIMIT method
              • PRIOR and NEXT methods
            • Records
            • Insert records into a table and update a table by using records
            • Create and call a subprogram with record type parameters
          • PL static SQL
            • Overview
            • Cursor
              • Overview
              • Cursor attributes
              • Implicit cursors
              • Explicit cursors
              • Cursor variables
              • Traverse cursor data by using the FOR loop
              • Modify and drop a cursor
            • Transaction processing and control
            • Autonomous transactions
              • Overview
              • Control autonomous transactions
              • Autonomous triggers
              • Call autonomous functions from SQL statements
          • PL dynamic SQL
            • Overview
            • Execute dynamic SQL statements
            • DBMS_SQL system package
          • PL stored procedure and functions
            • Overview
            • Create a stored procedure
            • Create a function
            • Manage stored procedures and functions
            • Privilege control
            • Pipeline functions
              • Overview
              • Create a pipelined table function
              • Application
            • User defined functions
              • Overview
              • Interface for user-defined aggregate functions
              • Create user-defined aggregate functions
              • Use user-defined aggregate functions
          • PL trigger
            • Overview
            • Create a DML trigger
            • Modify and drop a trigger
            • Disable or enable a trigger
            • Query trigger information
            • INSTEAD OF DML trigger
            • Compound DML trigger
          • PL package
            • Overview
            • Create a program package
            • Overloaded programs in a package
            • Manage program packages
            • Definition of the PL environment by the STANDARD package
          • PL exception handling
            • Overview
            • Compile-Time alerts
            • Exception types
            • Exception handling processes
          • DDL operations on stored PL units
            • Overview
            • ALTER FUNCTION
            • ALTER PACKAGE
            • ALTER PROCEDURE
            • ALTER TRIGGER
            • ALTER TYPE
            • CREATE FUNCTION
            • CREATE PACKAGE
            • CREATE PACKAGE BODY
            • CREATE PROCEDURE
            • CREATE TRIGGER
            • CREATE TYPE
            • CREATE TYPE BODY
            • DROP FUNCTION
            • DROP PACKAGE
            • DROP PROCEDURE
            • DROP TRIGGER
            • DROP TYPE
            • DROP TYPE BODY
          • PL label security package
            • Overview of label security PL packages
            • SA_SYSDBA
              • SA_SYSDBA overview
              • SA_SYSDBA.ALTER_POLICY
              • SA_SYSDBA.CREATE_POLICY
              • SA_SYSDBA.DROP_POLICY
            • SA_COMPONENTS
              • SA_COMPONENTS overview
              • SA_COMPONENTS.ALTER_LEVEL
              • SA_COMPONENTS.CREATE_LEVEL
              • SA_COMPONENTS.DROP_LEVEL
            • SA_LABEL_ADMIN
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN overview
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.ALTER_LABEL
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.CREATE_LABEL
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.DROP_LABEL
            • SA_POLICY_ADMIN
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN overview
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.APPLY_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.DISABLE_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.ENABLE_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.REMOVE_TABLE_POLICY
            • SA_USER_ADMIN
              • SA_USER_ADMIN overview
              • SA_USER_ADMIN.SET_LEVELS
            • SA_SESSION
              • SA_SESSION overview
              • SA_SESSION.LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.RESTORE_DEFAULT_LABELS
              • SA_SESSION.ROW_LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.SET_LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.SET_ROW_LABEL
          • PL system package (Oracle mode)
            • Overview
            • DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO
              • Overview
              • READ_CLIENT_INFO
              • READ_MODULE
              • SET_ACTION
              • SET_CLIENT_INFO
              • SET_MODULE
            • DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT
              • Overview
              • CLEAN_AUDIT_TRAIL
              • CREATE_PURGE_JOB
              • DROP_PURGE_JOB
              • SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP
              • SET_PURGE_JOB_STATUS
            • DBMS_CRYPTO
              • Overview
              • ENCRYPT
              • DECRYPT
              • HASH
            • DBMS_DEBUG
              • Overview
              • ATTACH_SESSION
              • CONTINUE
              • DEBUG_ON
              • DEBUG_OFF
              • DETACH_SESSION
              • DELETE_BREAKPOINT
              • DISABLE_BREAKPOINT
              • ENABLE_BREAKPOINT
              • GET_VALUE
              • GET_VALUES
              • GET_RUNTIME_INFO
              • GET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
              • INITIALIZE
              • PROBE_VERSION
              • PRINT_BACKTRACE
              • SET_TIMEOUT
              • SET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
              • SET_BREAKPOINT
              • SHOW_BREAKPOINTS
            • DBMS_DESCRIBE
              • Overview
              • DESCRIBE_PROCEDURE
            • DBMS_JOB
              • Overview
              • BROKEN
              • CHANGE
              • ZONE
              • INTERVAL
              • NEXT_DATE
              • REMOVE
              • RUN
              • SUBMIT
              • USER_EXPORT
              • WHAT
            • DBMS_LOB
              • Overview
              • APPEND
              • CLOSE
              • COPY
              • CREATETEMPORARY
              • ERASE
              • FREETEMPORARY
              • GETLENGTH
              • ISOPEN
              • INSTR
              • OPEN
              • READ
              • SUBSTR
              • TRIM
              • WRITE
              • WRITEAPPEND
            • DBMS_LOCK
              • Overview
              • SLEEP
            • DBMS_METADATA
              • Overview
              • GET_DDL
            • DBMS_OUTPUT
              • Overview
              • DISABLE
              • ENABLE
              • GET_LINE
              • GET_LINES
              • NEW_LINE
              • PUT
              • PUT_LINE
            • DBMS_PLAN_CACHE
              • Overview
              • PURGE
            • DBMS_RANDOM
              • Overview
              • INITIALIZE
              • NORMAL
              • RANDOM
              • SEED
              • STRING
              • TERMINATE
              • VALUE
            • DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • CREATE_PLAN
              • CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • DELETE_PLAN
              • DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
              • UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • DBMS_SCHEDULER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_JOB
              • CREATE_PROGRAM
              • DEFINE_PROGRAM_ARGUMENT
              • DISABLE
              • DROP_JOB
              • DROP_PROGRAM
              • ENABLE
              • GENERATE_JOB_NAME
              • RUN_JOB
              • SET_ATTRIBUTE
              • SET_JOB_ARGUMENT_VALUE
            • DBMS_SESSION
              • Overview
              • CLEAR_ALL_CONTEXT
              • CLEAR_CONTEXT
              • CLEAR_IDENTIFIER
              • SET_CONTEXT
              • SET_IDENTIFIER
            • DBMS_SQL
              • Overview
              • BIND_VARIABLE
              • CLOSE_CURSOR
              • COLUMN_VALUE
              • DEFINE_COLUMN
              • DEFINE_ARRAY
              • DESCRIBE_COLUMNS
              • EXECUTE
              • EXECUTE_AND_FETCH
              • FETCH_ROWS
              • IS_OPEN
              • OPEN_CURSOR
              • PARSE
            • DBMS_STATS
              • Overview
              • ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • CREATE_STAT_TABLE
              • DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
              • DELETE_INDEX_STATS
              • DELETE_TABLE_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
              • DROP_STAT_TABLE
              • EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
              • GATHER_INDEX_STATS
              • GATHER_TABLE_STATS
              • GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • GET_PARAM
              • GET_PREFS
              • IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
              • RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
              • PURGE_STATS
              • SET_COLUMN_STATS
              • SET_INDEX_STATS
              • SET_TABLE_STATS
              • SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
              • SET_PARAM
              • SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • SET_TABLE_PREFS
              • UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
            • DBMS_UDR
              • Overview
              • CREATE_RULE
              • DISABLE_RULE
              • ENABLE_RULE
              • REMOVE_RULE
            • DBMS_UTILITY
              • Overview
              • ACTIVE_INSTANCES
              • COMMA_TO_TABLE
              • CURRENT_INSTANCE
              • DB_VERSION
              • FORMAT_CALL_STACK
              • FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE
              • FORMAT_ERROR_STACK
              • GET_ENDIANNESS
              • GET_HASH_VALUE
              • GET_PARAMETER_VALUE
              • GET_SQL_HASH
              • GET_TIME
              • IS_BIT_SET
              • IS_CLUSTER_DATABASE
              • NAME_RESOLVE
              • NAME_TOKENIZE
              • OLD_CURRENT_SCHEMA
              • OLD_CURRENT_USER
              • PORT_STRING
              • TABLE_TO_COMMA
            • DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY
              • Overview
              • ASH_REPORT
            • DBMS_XA
              • Overview
              • DBMS_XA constants
              • DBMS_XA_XID object type
              • DIST_TXN_SYNC
              • XA_COMMIT
              • XA_END
              • XA_FORGET
              • XA_GETLASTOER
              • XA_PREPARE
              • XA_RECOVER
              • XA_ROLLBACK
              • XA_SETTIMEOUT
              • XA_START
            • DBMS_XMLGEN
              • Overview
              • CONVERT
            • DBMS_XPLAN
              • Overview
              • DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
            • ODCIConst
              • Overview
              • ODCIArgDesc.ArgType
              • ODCIEnv.CallProperty
              • ODCIEnv.Envflags
              • ODCIIndexAlter
              • ODCIIndexAlter parameter alter_option
              • ODCIIndexInfo.IndexInfoFlags
              • ODCIIndexInfo.IndexParaDegree
              • ODCIPredInfo.Flags
              • ODCIQueryInfo.Flags
              • ODCIStatsOptions.Flags
              • ODCIStatsOptions.Options
              • Return Status
              • ScnFlg
            • UTL_ENCODE
              • Overview
              • BASE64_DECODE
              • BASE64_ENCODE
            • UTL_FILE
              • Overview
              • FCLOSE
              • FFLUSH
              • FOPEN
              • FGETPOS
              • FREMOVE
              • FRENAME
              • FSEEK
              • NEW_LINE
              • GET_LINE
              • PUT
              • PUT_LINE
            • UTL_I18N
              • Overview
              • RAW_TO_CHAR
              • STRING_TO_RAW
            • UTL_RAW
              • Overview
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_COMPLEMENT
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_DOUBLE
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_FLOAT
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_INTEGER
              • CAST_FROM_NUMBER
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_FLOAT
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_INTEGER
              • CAST_TO_NUMBER
              • CAST_TO_RAW
              • CAST_TO_VARCHAR2
              • COMPARE
              • CONCAT
              • COPIES
              • LENGTH
              • REVERSE
              • SUBSTR
            • ANYDATA TYPE
              • Overview
              • BEGINCREATE static procedure
              • ENDCREATE member procedure
              • GET* member functions
              • GETTYPE member function
              • GETTYPENAME member function
              • PIECEWISE member procedure
              • SET* member procedures
            • XMLType
              • Overview
              • CREATEXML
              • GETCLOBVAL
              • GETSTRINGVAL
              • TRANSFORM
              • XMLTYPE
          • Reserved PL keywords
      • Database design guidelines
        • Object naming conventions
          • Overview
          • Tenant naming conventions
          • User naming conventions
          • Table naming conventions
          • Field naming conventions
          • Other naming conventions
        • Object structure design guidelines
          • Field design
          • Table structure design
          • Partitioned table design
          • Index design
          • Other structural designs
        • Character set specifications
        • Database connection specifications
        • Use of comments
        • ORM conventions
        • Exception handling
      • TableAPI
        • Introduction to TableAPI implementation
          • Implementation of TableAPI
          • Differences between replace and insert_or_update
          • TableAPI data models
        • Using TableAPI client
          • Introduction to the client and instructions for use
          • Set client parameters
          • An example of client use
        • Troubleshooting
      • HBaseAPI
        • HBaseAPI solution introduction
        • HBaseAPI storage model
        • Usage instructions of the HBaseAPI client
    • System reference
      • System parameters
        • Overview
        • Summary of system parameters
        • Cluster level
          • all_cluster_list
          • all_server_list
          • auto_broadcast_location_cache_rate_limit
          • auto_leader_switch_interval
          • auto_refresh_location_cache_rate_limit
          • autoinc_cache_refresh_interval
          • backup_backup_dest
          • backup_backup_dest_option
          • backup_dest_option
          • backup_concurrency
          • backup_dest
          • backup_data_file_size
          • backup_log_archive_option
          • backup_net_limit
          • backup_recovery_window
          • backup_region
          • backup_zone
          • balance_blacklist_failure_threshold
          • balance_blacklist_retry_interval
          • balancer_emergency_percentage
          • balancer_idle_time
          • balancer_log_interval
          • balancer_task_timeout
          • balancer_timeout_check_interval
          • balancer_tolerance_percentage
          • bf_cache_miss_count_threshold
          • bf_cache_priority
          • builtin_db_data_verify_cycle
          • cache_wash_threshold
          • clog_disk_utilization_threshold
          • clog_expire_days
          • clog_cache_priority
          • clog_disk_usage_limit_percentage
          • clog_sync_time_warn_threshold
          • clog_transport_compress_func
          • cpu_reserved
          • cluster
          • cluster_id
          • config_additional_dir
          • cpu_count
          • data_copy_concurrency
          • data_dir
          • data_disk_usage_limit_percentage
          • data_storage_error_tolerance_time
          • data_storage_warning_tolerance_time
          • datafile_disk_percentage
          • datafile_size
          • dead_socket_detection_timeout
          • debug_sync_timeout
          • default_compress
          • default_compress_func
          • default_transport_compress_func
          • default_row_format
          • devname
          • disk_io_thread_count
          • dtl_buffer_size
          • election_cpu_quota
          • election_blacklist_interval
          • enable_auto_refresh_location_cache
          • enable_auto_refresh_location_cache
          • enable_auto_leader_switch
          • enable_ddl
          • enable_global_freeze_trigger
          • enable_log_archive
          • enable_election_group
          • enable_major_freeze
          • enable_merge_by_turn
          • enable_manual_merge
          • enable_ob_ratelimit
          • enable_one_phase_commit
          • enable_perf_event
          • enable_pg
          • enable_rebalance
          • enable_record_trace_id
          • enable_record_trace_log
          • enable_rereplication
          • enable_rich_error_msg
          • enable_separate_sys_clog
          • enable_smooth_leader_switch
          • enable_rootservice_standalone
          • enable_sql_audit
          • enable_sql_operator_dump
          • enable_sys_table_ddl
          • enable_sys_unit_standalone
          • enable_syslog_recycle
          • enable_syslog_wf
          • enable_tcp_keepalive
          • fast_recovery_concurrency
          • enable_upgrade_mode
          • flush_log_at_trx_commit
          • gc_wait_archive
          • fuse_row_cache_priority
          • global_index_build_single_replica_timeout
          • global_major_freeze_residual_memory
          • get_leader_candidate_rpc_timeout
          • global_write_halt_residual_memory
          • high_priority_net_thread_count
          • ignore_replay_checksum_error
          • ignore_replica_checksum_error
          • index_clog_cache_priority
          • index_info_block_cache_priority
          • index_cache_priority
          • ilog_index_expire_time
          • internal_sql_execute_timeout
          • large_query_threshold
          • large_query_worker_percentage
          • leak_mod_to_check
          • lease_time
          • location_cache_cpu_quota
          • location_cache_priority
          • location_cache_expire_time
          • location_cache_refresh_min_interval
          • location_cache_refresh_rpc_timeout
          • location_cache_refresh_sql_timeout
          • location_fetch_concurrency
          • location_refresh_thread_count
          • log_archive_batch_buffer_limit
          • log_archive_checkpoint_interval
          • max_kept_major_version_number
          • max_px_worker_count
          • max_string_print_length
          • max_syslog_file_count
          • memory_chunk_cache_size
          • memory_limit
          • memory_limit_percentage
          • memory_reserved
          • memstore_limit_percentage
          • merge_stat_sampling_ratio
          • merge_thread_count
          • merger_completion_percentage
          • merger_switch_leader_duration_time
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          • # rootservice_list
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          • server_check_interval
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      • System variables
        • Overview
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      • System views (MySQL mode)
        • Overview
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          • Dictionary views overview
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          • information_schema.ENGINES
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          • information_schema.SCHEMATA
          • information_schema.SESSION_STATUS
          • information_schema.SESSION_VARIABLES
          • information_schema.STATISTICS
          • information_schema.TABLES
          • information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
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          • information_schema.VIEW_TABLE_USAGE
          • information_schema.VIEWS
          • mysql.db
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          • mysql.user
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASES
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          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVERS
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          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_CONFIGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNITS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SEQUENCE_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS_V$
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINE_CONCURRENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_SYS_VARIABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_COLUMN_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_MANAGEMENT_CONFIG
          • information_schema.QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • oceanbase.DBA_SEQUENCES
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          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
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          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USER_DEFINED_RULES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS
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          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • information_schema.ST_GEOMETRY_COLUMNS
          • information_schema.ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CLUSTER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RSRC_IO_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLANS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
        • Performance views
          • Overview
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
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          • GV$SESSION_EVENT
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          • GV$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
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          • GV$OB_SSTABLES
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          • V$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • V$OB_UNITS
          • V$STATNAME
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          • V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • V$SESSTAT
          • V$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • V$OB_MEMORY
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • V$OB_SQL_AUDIT
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          • V$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • V$SESSION_LONGOPS
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          • V$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • V$OB_PS_STAT
          • V$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • V$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • V$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • V$OB_MERGE_INFO
          • V$SQL_MONITOR_STATNAME
          • V$OB_ENCRYPTED_TABLES
          • V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES
          • V$OB_SSTABLES
          • V$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
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          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • GV$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
          • V$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
          • GV$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
          • V$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • V$SYSSTAT
          • V$SESSION_EVENT
          • GV$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • GV$DML_STATS
          • V$DML_STATS
          • GV$OB_LOG_STAT
          • V$OB_LOG_STAT
          • GV$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_PLAN
          • V$OB_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS
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PLS-00000 to PLS-00999

Last Updated:2023-08-18 07:17:13  Updated
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Applicability

This topic applies only to OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition. OceanBase Database Community Edition provides only MySQL mode.

PLS-00001: PL/SQL common error", "%s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9656

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: An unexpected symbol appears.

  • Solution: Change the unexpected symbol that appears in the position with the error.

PLS-00103: Encountered the symbol %s when expecting one of the following: %s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9700

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The parser found a token (language element) that is inappropriate in this context.

  • Solution: Check the previous tokens as well as the one given in the error message. The line and column numbers given in the error message refer to the end of the faulty language construct.

PLS-00109: unknown exception name '%.*s' in PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9583

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The declaration of the exception name referenced in the EXCEPTION_INIT pragma is not found in the scope of pragmas.

  • Solution: Ensure that the pragmas comply with the exception declaration and are within the same scope.

PLS-00113: END identifier '%.*s' must match '%.*s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9659

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The keyword END terminates some language constructs (such as loops, blocks, functions, and procedures). Following this keyword, you can optionally place the name of such a construct. For example, at the end of the definition of loop L, you might write END L. This error occurs when the optional name does not match the name given to the language construct. It is usually caused by a misspelled identifier or by faulty block structure.

  • Solution: Make sure that the spelling of the END identifier matches the name given to the language construct and that the block structure is correct.

PLS-00114: identifier ' %.*s' too long

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9526

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The name of the PL variable exceeds 128 characters. The maximum length of a valid identifier (including the quotation marks) is 128 characters. A string may be incorrectly enclosed by double quotation marks instead of single quotation marks, and PL considers it an identifier with quotation marks.

  • Solution: Shorten the identifier.

PLS-00115: this PRAGMA must follow the declaration of '%.*s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9622

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The pragma refers to a PL/SQL object that was not declared or is not within the scope of the reference. Identifiers must be declared before they are used in a pragma. Forward references are not allowed.

  • Solution: Check the spelling and declaration of the identifier. In addition, confirm that the declaration is placed correctly in the block structure.

PLS-00119: Duplicate having-clause in table expression

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9501

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The SELECT statement contains two or more HAVING clauses.

  • Solution: Delete one HAVING clause, and use AND or OR to connect logical expressions when necessary.

PLS-00124: name of exception expected for first arg in exception_init pragma

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9674

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The first argument passed to the EXCEPTION_INIT pragma was not an exception name.

  • Solution: Replace the first argument with the name of a legally declared exception.

PLS-00128: Illegal number of arguments for pragma EXCEPTION_INIT

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9675

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The number of arguments (actual parameters) passed to the named pragma (compiler directive) is incorrect. A required argument was omitted from the argument list, or the pragma syntax contains errors (for example, a comma might be missing between two parameters).

  • Solution: Specify the missing argument or correct the faulty syntax.

PLS-00130: Pragma %s expects 1st argument to be a procedure/function/package/cursor

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9661

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The first argument (actual parameter) passed to the named pragma (compiler directive) was not the name of a subprogram, package, or cursor, as required. The parameter might be misspelled, or the pragma syntax might contain errors (for example, a comma might be missing between two parameters).

  • Solution: Check the spelling of the first argument, and make sure that the proper syntax is used.

PLS-00132: Pragma %s does not support %.*s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9658

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: One of the parameters passed to this pragma was not among the list of allowed values. The parameter might be misspelled, or the pragma syntax might contain errors (for example, a comma might be missing between two parameters).

  • Solution: Check the spelling of all parameters, and make sure that the proper syntax is used.

PLS-00154: An object type may have only 1 MAP or 1 ORDER method

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9523

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: Multiple MAP or ORDER functions were declared. One object type can have only one MAP or ORDER function.

PLS-00155: Only a function may be a MAP, ORDER or CONSTRUCTOR method

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9525

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A procedure is declared as the MAP, ORDER, or CONSTRUCTOR method. Only functions can be declared as the MAP, ORDER, or CONSTRUCTOR method.

PLS-00157: Only schema-level programs allow %s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9506

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The AUTHID or DEFAULT COLLATION clause is specified for a program package or type. Only mode-level stored procedures, program packages, and types support these clauses.

  • Solution: Delete the clause.

PLS-00168: string'", "duplicate modifier specification '%s'

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9643

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A method or object type modifier was specified repeatedly.

  • Solution: Retain only one modifier and remove all other duplicate ones.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00169: modifier '%s' conflicts with prior '%s' specification

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9642

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The method or object type modifier specified conflicts with an earlier modifier. For example, a FINAL modifier cannot be combined with a NOT FINAL modifier.

  • Solution: Remove one of the conflicting modifiers.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00172: string literal too long

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9644

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The string literal was longer than 32,767 bytes.

  • Solution: Use a string literal of at most 32,767 bytes.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00179: $ERROR: %.*s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9540

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The $ERROR directive is used.

PLS-00182: Identifier cannot be an empty string

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9657

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The identifier was declared using an empty string.

  • Solution: Rename the identifier to a non-empty string.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00201: identifier '%.*s' must be declared

  • Error codes in OceanBase Database: 5543 and 5546

  • SQLSTATE: 42000

  • Cause:

    • An undeclared variable, exception, or procedure was referenced.

    • An item to which no privilege was granted was referenced.

    • An item to which privileges were granted only through a role was referenced.

    • A stored object, such as a program package, procedure, function, trigger, or view, runs in the security zone of the object owner, and no other roles except PUBLIC are enabled.

  • Solution:

    • Check the spelling and declaration of the referenced item name.

    • Check whether the declaration of the referenced item is correctly placed in the block structure.

    • If you are sure that the referenced item is declared and you are authorized to reference this item, check your privileges.

PLS-00204: function or pseudo-column '%s' may be used inside a SQL statement only

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9682

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A pseudo column or a proscribed function is used in the procedural statement. SQL pseudo columns such as LEVEL, ROWID, and ROWNUM can be used only in SQL statements. Similarly, some functions (such as DECODE, DUMP, and VSIZE) and SQL group functions (AVERAGE, MIN, MAX, COUNT, SUM, STDEV, and VARIANCE) can be used only in SQL statements.

  • Solution: Delete the pseudo column reference or function call statement from the procedural statement, or replace the procedural statement with the SELECT INTO statement. For example, replace bonus := DECODE(rating, 1, 5000, 2, 2500, ...); with SELECT DECODE(rating, 1, 5000, 2, 2500, ...) INTO bonus FROM dual;.

PLS-00206: %%TYPE must be applied to a variable, column, field or attribute, not to '%.*s'

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9547

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The program object declared by using the %TYPE data type attribute is not of the appropriate class. The data type must be variable, column, record group, subprogram parameter, or another object that supports value assignment.

  • Solution: Add an initialization clause to the variable declaration. If the syntax of the initialization clause is complex, you can add a function call in place of the syntax.

PLS-00218: a variable declared NOT NULL must have an initialization assignment

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9514

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: In a declaration, a variable without an initialization clause is automatically initialized into NULL, which is illogical for a NOT NULL variable. Therefore, an initialization clause is needed.

  • Solution: Add an initialization clause to the variable declaration. If the syntax of the initialization clause is complex, you can add a function call in place of the syntax.

PLS-00221: %s' is not a procedure or is undefined

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9683

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: An identifier being referenced as a procedure was not declared or actually represents another object (for example, it might have been declared as a function).

  • Solution: Check the spelling and declaration of the identifier. In addition, confirm that the declaration is placed correctly in the block structure.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00222: no function with name '%.*s' exists in this scope

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9627

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: An identifier being referenced as a function was not declared or actually represents another object (for example, it might have been declared as a procedure).

  • Solution: Check the spelling and declaration of the identifier. In addition, confirm that the declaration is placed correctly in the block structure.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00225: subprogram or cursor '%.*s' reference is out of scope

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9628

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The prefix in a qualified name was a subprogram or cursor beyond an enclosing scope. That is, a subprogram or cursor name is being used as a scope qualifier for a reference to an entity (within that subprogram or cursor) that is not in scope. Example: declare x number; type t1 is record (a number); function f return t1 is a number; begin x := f.a;:

    • Legal use of function "f" as a scope qualifier

      • Parses local variable "a" in function "f". x := f().a;

      • Legal reference to component "a" of the returned record end

    • Illegal use of function "f" as a scope qualifier x := f().a; and legal reference to component "a" of the returned record end

  • Solution:

    • If you are intended to refer to a local variable of a non-enclosing function, this is not allowed. You must remove the reference.

    • If this is a parameterless function, and you are intended to access a field of the function call result, use empty parentheses in the call.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00227: subprogram 'in' formal %.*s is not yet denotable

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9598

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: When the formal parameters of a subprogram were declared, one parameter was used to initialize another. Example: PROCEDURE my_proc (j NUMBER, k NUMBER := j) IS .... The first parameter has no value until runtime. Therefore, it cannot be used to initialize another parameter.

  • Solution: Remove the illegal formal parameter reference.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00230: OUT and IN OUT formal parameters may not have default expressions

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9599

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: When the formal parameters of a procedure were declared, an OUT or IN-OUT parameter was initialized to a default value. Example: PROCEDURE calc_bonus (bonus OUT REAL := 0, ...) IS .... However, only the IN parameter can be initialized to the default value.

  • Solution: Remove the illegal default expression.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00231: function '%.*s' may not be used in SQL

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9668

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A prohibited function was used in an SQL statement. Certain functions such as SQLCODE and SQLERRM can be used only in procedural statements.

  • Solution: Remove the call to the function from the SQL statement. Alternatively, use a local variable to replace the function call. For example, the following statement is illegal: INSERT INTO errors VALUES (SQLCODE, SQLERRM);. However, you can assign the values of SQLCODE and SQLERRM to local variables and then use the variables in the SQL statement, as in err_num := SQLCODE; err_msg := SQLERRM; INSERT INTO errors VALUES (err_num, err_msg);.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00254: OUT and IN/OUT modes cannot be used in this context

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9502

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The actual parameter mode (OUT or IN/OUT) is not properly used in the USING clause. For the USING clause in the OPEN statement, only the IN mode is allowed.

  • Solution: Change the parameter mode in the USING clause to the correct mode.

PLS-00263: mismatch between string on a subprogram specification and body

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9602

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: An ACCESSIBLE BY clause was specified in a package body for an item with no equivalent clause in the package specification. In a package body, this clause can only be specified on externally visible subprograms, and the subprogram specification and body must have equivalent clauses. You cannot specify this clause on package-local or nested subprograms.

  • Solution: Modify the clause on the subprogram body for compliance with the specification errors until 300 PH2 errors are reserved for external procedures.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00301: Invalid GOTO to non-label '%.*s'

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9667

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A GOTO statement was converted into something which is not a label (such as a variable).

  • Solution: Specify a valid label name.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00302: component '%.*s' must be declared

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9681

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A referenced component (for example, in the name "a.B", "B" is a component of "a") has not been declared. The error might be caused by component misspelling, incorrect declaration, or incorrect declaration position in the block structure.

  • Solution: Check the spelling and declaration of the component. In addition, confirm that the declaration is placed correctly in the block structure.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00304: cannot compile body of '%.*s' without its specification

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9520

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The program package specification required for compiling the body of the program package cannot be found. The possible causes are as follows:

    • The name of the software package is misspelled.

    • The software package specification is never compiled.

    • The compiled software package specification cannot be accessed. The software package specification must be compiled before the body of the software package is compiled, and the compiler must have the privilege to access the compiled specification.

  • Solution:

    • Check the spelling of the software package name.

    • Compile the program package specification before you compile the body of the program package.

    • Ensure that the compiler can access the compiled specification.

PLS-00305: previous use of '%.*s' conflicts with this use

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9529

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: When the compiler searches for the predeclaration of a cursor, procedure, function, or program package, it finds another object with the same name in the same action scope, or the name in the header of the subprogram does not match the name in the body.

  • Solution:

    1. Check the spelling of the cursor, procedure, function, or program package name.

    2. Check the names of all constants, variables, parameters, and exceptions declared in the same action scope.

    3. Delete or rename objects with duplicate names.

    4. Modify the name in the header of the subprogram so that it matches the name in the body of the program.

PLS-00306: wrong number or types of arguments in call to '%.*s'

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9542

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A subprogram call does not match any declaration of the subprogram name. The possible causes are as follows:

    • The subprogram name is misspelled.

    • The data type of a parameter is incorrect.

    • The declaration is incorrect or is incorrectly placed in a block structure. For example, the built-in square root function SQRT is called by using a misspelled name or a parameter with an incorrect data type.

  • Solution:

    • Check the spelling and declaration of the subprogram name.

    • Ensure that the subprogram call is correct.

    • Ensure that the parameters are of correct data types.

    • Ensure that the declaration is correctly placed in a block structure if the function is not a built-in function.

PLS-00307: too many declarations of '%.*s' match this call

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9544

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The declaration of a subprogram or cursor name is ambiguous. This is because the declaration and call do not exactly match and multiple declarations match the call during the implicit conversion of parameter data types. The possible causes are as follows:

    • The subprogram or cursor name is misspelled.

    • The declaration is incorrect.

    • The declaration is not correctly placed in a block structure.

  • Solution:

    • Check the spelling and declaration of the subprogram or cursor name.

    • Ensure that the call is correct.

    • Ensure that the parameters are of correct data types.

    • Place the declaration properly in a block structure if the function is not a built-in function.

PLS-00310: with %%ROWTYPE attribute, '%.*s' must name a table, cursor or cursor-variable

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9586

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The %ROWTYPE attribute must be applied to an identifier declared as a cursor, cursor variable, or database table. This error occurs when %ROWTYPE follows an identifier that has not been declared.

  • Solution: Change the declaration or do not apply the %ROWTYPE attribute to the identifier.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00312: a positional parameter association may not follow a named association

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9653

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: When a parameter list is passed to a subprogram or cursor, if both positional and named associations are used, all positional associations must be placed in their declared order and before all named associations, which can be in any order.

  • Solution: Reorder parameters in the list to meet the requirements or use named associations only.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00315: Implementation restriction: unsupported table index type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9610

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A data type other than BINARY_INTEGER, PLS_INTEGER, or VARCHAR2 was specified in the INDEX BY clause of a PL/SQL table declaration. A PL/SQL table can have one column and a primary key. The column can be of any scalar type, but the primary key must be of either the BINARY_INTEGER or VARCHAR2 type.

  • Solution: Use a supported key type in the INDEX BY clause.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00316: PL/SQL TABLEs must use a single index

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9631

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A composite primary key was specified in the INDEX BY clause of a PL/SQL table declaration. A PL/SQL table must have a simple, unnamed primary key of the BINARY_INTEGER or VARCHAR2 type.

  • Solution: Use a supported key type in the INDEX BY clause.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00318: type '%.*s' is malformed because it is a non-REF mutually recursive type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9539

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The type declaration is in incorrect format because the declaration contains a mutually recursive non-reference relationship. The possible causes are as follows:

    • A recursive self-reference is included.

    • A mutually recursive reference is included.

  • Solution: Use another type in the declaration to avoid recursion.

PLS-00320: the declaration of the type of this expression is incomplete or malformed

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9597

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A variable or cursor name in the declaration is misspelled, or the declaration contains a forward reference. Forward references are not allowed in PL/SQL. A variable or cursor must be declared before it is referenced in other statements, including other declarative statements. For example, a declaration of dept_rec causes this exception because it references an undeclared cursor dept_cur. Examples:

    DECLARE dept_rec dept_cur%ROWTYPE;
    CURSOR dept_cur IS SELECT ...
    
  • Solution: Check the spelling of all identifiers in the declaration. Change the position of the declaration to eliminate forward references if necessary.

PLS-00321: expression '%.*s' is inappropriate as the left hand side of an assignment statement

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9513

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: This expression appears on the left side of an assignment statement, which is not allowed. For example, SYSDATE: = '01 -JAN-1990'; is not allowed because the function SYSDATE cannot appear on the left side of the assignment statement.

  • Solution: Modify the assignment statement.

PLS-00322: declaration of a constant '%.*s' must contain an initialization assignment

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9515

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The constant declaration does not contain an initial value.

  • Solution: Modify the constant declaration.

PLS-00323: subprogram or cursor '%.*s' is declared in a package specification and must be defined in the package body

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9585

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A cursor or subprogram declared in the package header is not defined in the package body.

  • Solution: Check the spelling of the subprogram name. Add the missing subprogram body to the package body if necessary.

PLS-00325: non-integral numeric literal %.*s is inappropriate in this context

  • Error codes in OceanBase Database: 9605 and 9670

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A non-integral numeric literal is used in a context that requires an integer.

  • Solution: Replace the inappropriate literal with an integral literal.

PLS-00328: A subprogram body must be defined for the forward declaration of %.*s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9587

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A subprogram specification was declared, but the corresponding subprogram body was not defined. The subprogram specification and body should be written as one unit, or the specification should be separated from its body, which is necessary when you want to define mutually recursive subprograms or to group subprograms in a package.

  • Solution: Check the spelling of the subprogram name. Provide the missing subprogram body if necessary.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00329: schema-level type has illegal reference to %.*s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9609

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You attempted to make a reference from a schema-level type to something other than a schema-level type.

  • Solution: Replace the illegal reference and retry the operation.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00357: Table,View Or Sequence reference '%s%s%s%s%s' not allowed in this context

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9680

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A reference to a database table, view, or sequence was found in an inappropriate context. Such references can appear only in SQL statements or (excluding sequences) in the declarations of %TYPE and %ROWTYPE. Here are some valid examples: SELECT ename, emp.deptno, dname INTO my_ename, my_deptno, my_dept .FROM emp, dept WHERE emp.deptno = dept.deptno; DECLARE last_name emp.ename %TYPE; dept_rec dept%ROWTYPE;

  • Solution: Remove or relocate the illegal reference.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00360: cursor declaration without body needs return type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9595

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: Either a body (SELECT statement) or a return type is missing in a cursor declaration. If you want to separate a cursor specification from its body, you must provide a return type, as in CURSOR c1 RETURN emp%ROWTYPE;.

  • Solution: Add a SELECT statement or return type to the cursor declaration.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00361: IN cursor '%.*s' cannot be OPEN'ed

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9594

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A cursor parameter with mode IN cannot be modified, and therefore cannot be opened.

  • Solution: Change the cursor parameter mode to IN-OUT or OUT.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00362: invalid cursor return type; '%.*s' must be a record type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9593

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: In a cursor specification or the definition of a REF CURSOR type, a non-record type such as NUMBER or TABLE was specified as the return type. This is not allowed. Only return types in the following code are allowed: <record_type_name><record_name>%type<table_name>%ROWTYPE<cursor_name>%ROWTYPE<cursor_variable_name>%ROWTYTPE

  • Solution: Revise the cursor specification or the definition of the REF CURSOR type to specify one of the above return types.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00363: expression '%.*s' cannot be used as an assignment

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9550

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A literal, constant, IN parameter, counter variable in LOOP, or function call is incorrectly used in the statement.

  • Solution: Modify the statement expression.

PLS-00366: subtype of a not null type must also be not null

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9684

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A subtype defined as NOT NULL is used as the base type for another subtype defined as NULL. Example: DECLARE SUBTYPE Weekday IS INTEGER NOT NULL; SUBTYPE Weekend IS Weekday;.

  • Solution: Modify the subtype definition.

PLS-00367: a RAISE statement with no exception name must be inside an exception handler

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9592

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A RAISE statement with no exception name followed was found outside an exception handler.

  • Solution: Delete the RAISE statement, relocate it to an exception handler, or provide the missing exception name.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V3.2.4.

PLS-00369: no choices may appear with choice OTHERS in an exception handler

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9596

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A form construct WHEN excep1 OR OTHERS was found in the definition of an exception handler. The OTHERS handler must appear separately as the last exception handler in a block.

  • Solution: Remove any identifier that appears with OTHERS or write a separate exception handler for that identifier.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00370: OTHERS handler must be last among the exception handlers of a block

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9591

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: One or more exception handlers are placed after an OTHERS handler. However, the OTHERS handler must be the last handler in a block or subprogram because it acts as the handler for all exceptions not named specifically.

  • Solution: Move the OTHERS handler so that it follows all specific exception handlers.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00371: at most one declaration for '%.*s' is permitted

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9507

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The reference of a variable is ambiguous because this variable has multiple declarations. In the declaration part of a block, procedure, or function, only one local variable with a given identifier is allowed. The given variable can appear only in one block.

  • Solution: Check the spelling of the variable. Retain only one declaration of the variable and delete all other declarations if necessary.

PLS-00372: In a procedure, RETURN statement cannot contain an expression

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5583

  • SQLSTATE: 42000

  • Cause: In a procedure, the RETURN statement contains an expression, which is not allowed.

  • Solution: Delete the expression from the RETURN statement, or redefine the procedure as a function.

PLS-00373: EXIT/CONTINUE label '%.*s' must label a LOOP statement

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9512

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The label in the EXIT or CONTINUE statement does not reference the LOOP statement. No label needs to be specified for the EXIT or CONTINUE statement. If a label (such as a label in EXIT my_label or CONTINUE my_label) is specified, the label must reference the LOOP statement.

  • Solution: Ensure that the label name is correctly spelled and the label references the LOOP statement.

PLS-00375: illegal GOTO statement; this GOTO cannot branch to label '%.*s'

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9505

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The branch of the GOTO statement is a label from the outside of a construct (such as a loop or an exception handling program) that contains a statement sequence to the inside of the statement sequence. Such a branch is not allowed.

  • Solution: Move the GOTO statement to the inside of the statement sequence, or move the labeled statement outside of the statement sequence.

PLS-00376: illegal EXIT/CONTINUE statement; it must appear inside a loop

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9510

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The EXIT or CONTINUE statement is found outside of a loop construct. The EXIT statement exits from the loop prematurely, and the CONTINUE statement is used to start the next iteration of the loop. The two statements must always appear in a loop.

  • Solution: Delete the EXIT or CONTINUE statement, or put them in a loop construct.

PLS-00382: expression is of wrong type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9519

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The expression has a wrong data type.

  • Solution: Change the data type of the expression. You may need to use the data type conversion feature.

PLS-00386: type mismatch found at '%.*s' between FETCH cursor and INTO variables

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9590

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: An assignment target in the INTO list of a FETCH statement does not match in terms of data type with the corresponding column in the select list of the cursor declaration, and it is unclear which implicit conversion is required to correct the mismatch.

  • Solution: Modify the cursor declaration or change the data type of the assignment target. You might want to use data type conversion functions in the select list of the query associated with the cursor.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00394: wrong number of values in the INTO list of a FETCH statement

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9660

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The number of variables in the INTO clause of a FETCH statement does not match the number of columns in the cursor declaration.

  • Solution: Change the number of variables in the INTO clause or the number of columns in the cursor declaration for the numbers to match.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00402: alias required in SELECT list of cursor to avoid duplicate column names

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9588

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A cursor was declared with a SELECT statement that contains duplicate column names.

  • Solution: Use an alias to replace the duplicate column name in the select list.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00403: expression '%.*s' cannot be used as an INTO-target of a SELECT/FETCH statement

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9665

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The FETCH statement cannot assign a value to an assignment target in its INTO list because the target is not a variable that is legally formed and declared. For example, the FETCH my_cur INTO 'Jones' assignment statement is invalid because 'Jones' is a string rather than a variable.

  • Solution: Check the spelling and declaration of the assignment target. Ensure that the variable naming rules are followed.

PLS-00404: cursor '%.*s' must be declared with FOR UPDATE to use with CURRENT OF

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9693

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: cursor_name in the CURRENT OF cursor_name clause was not declared in a FOR UPDATE clause.

  • Solution: Add a FOR UPDATE clause to the definition of the cursor or do not use the CURRENT OF cursor_name clause.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V3.2.4.

PLS-00410: duplicate fields in RECORD,TABLE or argument list are not permitted

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9508

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: When a user-defined record is declared, two fields with the same name are found. Like the column names in database tables, the user-defined field names must also be unique.

  • Solution: Check the spelling of the field names and delete duplicate ones.

PLS-00413: identifier in CURRENT OF clause is not a cursor name

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9692

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The identifier in a CURRENT OF clause names an object not a cursor.

  • Solution: Check the spelling of the identifier. Make sure that the identifier names the cursor in the DELETE or UPDATE statement and that it names the cursor itself, not a FOR-loop variable.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V3.2.4.

PLS-00428: an INTO clause is expected in this SELECT statement

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9618

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The INTO clause was omitted in a SELECT INTO statement. For example, the code might look like SELECT deptno, dname, loc FROM dept WHERE ... instead of SELECT deptno, dname, loc INTO dept_rec FROM dept WHERE .... In PL/SQL, the INTO clause can be omitted only for a subquery.

  • Solution: Add the required INTO clause.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00430: FORALL iteration variable %.*s is not allowed in this context

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9612

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You can use the FORALL iteration variable only as a subscript. In other words, you cannot use it directly or as a part of an expression.

  • Solution: Use the FORALL variable only as a collection subscript.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00432: implementation restriction: cannot use FORALL and BULK COLLECT INTO together in SELECT statements

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9614

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The SELECT statement contains both the FORALL and BULK COLLECT INTO phrases.

  • Solution: Do not use FORALL and BULK COLLECT INTO together in a SELECT statement.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00435: DML statement without BULK In-BIND cannot be used inside FORALL

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9615

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The DML statement (SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE) inside the FORALL statement does not contain the BULK IN-BIND variable.

  • Solution: Carry the BULK IN-BIND variable in the DML statement (SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE) inside the FORALL statement.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00438: value in LIMIT clause \'%.*s\' use is invalid

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9518

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The numeric value type of the LIMIT clause behind FETCH INTO is incorrect. For example, the following statement is invalid because the LIMIT clause requires a numeric value: FETCH c1 BULK COLLECT INTO var_tab LIMIT 'aaaaa';

  • Solution: Modify the expression of the LIMIT clause so that it is followed by a numeric value. Example: FETCH c1 BULK COLLECT INTO var_tab LIMIT '22333';.

PLS-00439: A LIMIT clause must be used within a BULK FETCH

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9636

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A LIMIT clause is used within a non-bulk fetch.

  • Solution: Do not use a LIMIT clause within a non-bulk fetch.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00441: EXIT/CONTINUE statement may have a label here; '%.*s' is not a label

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9654

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The specified name was not a label. An EXIT or CONTINUE statement does not require a label. However, when the optional name appears, it must be a label.

  • Solution: Check the spelling of the name. Make sure that the name is the label of a loop nested with the EXIT or CONTINUE statement. If this statement does not need a label, delete the name.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00452: Subprogram '%.*s' violates its associated pragma

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9619

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You cannot call a packaged function from SQL statements unless its purity level is asserted by coding a RESTRICT_REFERENCES pragma in the package specification. The pragma is used to control side effects. It tells the PL/SQL compiler to deny the packaged function read/write access to database tables, public packaged variables, or both. An SQL statement that violates the pragma will cause a compilation error.

  • Solution: Raise the purity level of the function, or ease restrictions on the pragma.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00455: cursor '%.*s' cannot be used in dynamic SQL OPEN statement

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9686

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You attempted to dynamically open a REF cursor that has a return type. However, you can open only a REF cursor without a return type by using an embedded dynamic OPEN statement.

  • Solution: Define a REF cursor without a return type and use it in the statement.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00457: expressions have to be of SQL types

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9620

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: An expression of a wrong type is used in the USING or dynamic RETURNING clause. In the USING or dynamic RETURNING clause, an expression cannot be of non-SQL types such as Boolean, index table, and record.

  • Solution: Change the expression type to an SQL type.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00485: in exception handler, '%.*s' must be an exception name

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 5545

  • SQLSTATE: 42000

  • Cause: An identifier not declared as an exception appeared in the WHEN clause of an exception handler. Only an exception name is valid in a WHEN clause.

  • Solution: Check the spelling of the exception name to ensure that the exception was correctly declared.

PLS-00488: '%.*s' must be a type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9543

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The data type descriptor in the declaration or expression does not designate a valid type. The possible causes are as follows:

    • The %TYPE attribute is not added to the declaration. For example, in DECLARE my_sal emp.sal%TYPE;my_ename emp.ename;, the %TYPE attribute is not declared.

    • To automatically provide the data type of a column when a constant or a variable is declared, the %TYPE attribute can be used.

    • To automatically provide the data type of a row when a record is declared, the %ROWTYPE attribute can be used.

  • Solution: Ensure that the data type descriptor designates a valid type. Use the %TYPE and %ROWTYPE attributes if necessary.

PLS-00491: numeric literal required

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9604

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A constant or variable was used where a numeric literal was required. For example, the code might look like my_ename VARCHAR2(max_len); instead of my_ename VARCHAR2(15); When you specify the maximum length of a VARCHAR2 variable, you must use an integer literal.

  • Solution: Replace the identifier with a numeric literal.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00492: variable or constant initialization may not refer to functions declared in the same package

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9655

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: If a package spec p declares a function f, the function may not be used in any variable declarations in the same package specification. This error is caused by a circular instantiation problem: In order to fully instantiate the package specification, the variable must be initialized. To initialize the variable, the function body code in the package body must be executed. This requires that the package body is instantiated. However, the package body cannot be instantiated until the package specification is fully instantiated.

  • Solution: Remove the reference to the function from the variable initialization. A method that is often used is to move the variable initialization from the variable declaration (in the package specification) to the package body initialization block.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00497: cannot mix between single row and multi-row (BULK) in INTO list

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9639

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause:

    • When a BULK syntax (such as BULK COLLECT INTO) is used to retrieve data, every variable in the INTO list must be of a type that is a collection of the type of the corresponding column.

    • When BULK is not used, every variable in the INTO list must be of a type compatible with the corresponding column.

  • Solution: Change the INTO list to make sure that all variables have correct data types.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00503: RETURN value statement required for this return from function

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9634

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A RETURN statement that contains no expression was used in a function body. In procedures, a RETURN statement contains no expression because the statement just returns control to the caller. However, in functions, a RETURN statement must contain an expression because its value is assigned to the function identifier.

  • Solution: Add an expression to the RETURN statement.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00520: MAP methods must be declared without any parameters other than (optional) SELF

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9532

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: Parameters are declared for the MAP member function. The MAP member function can have only one parameter, which is the default SELF parameter. The MAP function cannot be declared as any parameter, and the SELF parameter is added by the compiler.

  • Solution: Delete the parameters from the MAP function.

PLS-00521: ORDER methods must be declared with 1 (one) parameter in addition to (optional) SELF

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9538

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The ORDER function is declared without user-defined parameters. The ORDER function has two parameters, one of which is the default SELF parameter added by the compiler. The other parameter is added by the user and must be of the same type as the contained object.

  • Solution: Change the parameter type.

PLS-00522: MAP methods must return a scalar type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9531

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The MAP member function is compiled in a way that it returns a value not of the scalar type.

  • Solution: Recompile the MAP function so that it returns a value of the scalar type.

PLS-00523: ORDER methods must return an INTEGER

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9533

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The ORDER function returns a value not of the integer type.

  • Solution: Recompile the ORDER function so that it returns a value of the integer type.

PLS-00524: The parameter type in an ORDER method must be the containing object type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9534

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The ORDER function is declared without user-defined parameters. The ORDER function has two parameters, one of which is the default SELF parameter added by the compiler. The other parameter is added by the user and must be of the same type as the contained object.

  • Solution: Change the parameter type.

PLS-00525: Within SQL statements, only equality comparisons of objects are allowed without a map or order function

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9535

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The MAP or ORDER function is not provided for comparison. In this case, only equality comparison can be used.

  • Solution: Provide the MAP or ORDER function, or enable the program to use only equality comparison.

PLS-00526: A MAP or ORDER function is required for comparing objects in PL/ SQL Execution

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9524

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: In the PL code, the MAP or ORDER function is not defined for object comparison.

  • Solution: Define the MAP or ORDER function and retry.

PLS-00527: MAP or ORDER functions require a PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES specifying :WNDS,WNPS,RNPS,RNDS

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9536

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause:

    • pragma restrict_references is not specified.

    • pragma restrict_references is specified but lacks one of the following parameters: WNDS, WNPS, RNPS, or RNDS.

  • Solution: Add or correct pragma, and then retry.

PLS-00528: The parameters to an ORDER function must have IN mode

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9537

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The parameter of the ORDER function is declared to be in the OUT or IN OUT mode.

  • Solution: Declare the parameter to be in the IN mode.

PLS-00530: Illegal type used for object type attribute: '%.*s'

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9651

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You attempted to use an invalid type for an object type attribute.

  • Solution: Use only supported types for the object type attribute.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00531: Unsupported type in a VARRAY or TABLE type: '%.*s'

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9652

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You attempted to use an unsupported type in a VARRAY or TABLE type.

  • Solution: Use only supported types in a VARRAY or TABLE type.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00537: A VARRAY must have a positive limit

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9611

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A VARRAY type was declared with a non-positive limit. Example: VARRAY(0).

  • Solution: Declare the VARRAY type with a positive limit and retry the operation.

PLS-00538: subprogram or cursor '%.*s' is declared in an object type specification and must be defined in the object type body

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9522

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The specified subprogram is declared in the specification of the object type but is not defined in the body of the object type.

  • Solution: Define the subprogram in the body of the object type, or delete the declaration from the specification.

PLS-00539: subprogram '%.*s' is declared in an object type body and must be defined in the object type specification

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9521

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The specified subprogram is declared in the body of the object type but is not defined in the specification of the object type. You can choose not to define the cursor body.

  • Solution: Define the subprogram in the specification of the object type, or delete the declaration from the body.

PLS-00551: character set ANY_CS is only allowed on a subprogram parameter

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9608

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The character set ANY_CS was specified when it is not allowed.

  • Solution: Change or remove the character set specification.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00566: type name '%.*s' cannot be constrained

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9607

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A LOB, DATE, BOOLEAN, ROWID, or MLSLABEL type was constrained with a length specification. Example: X BLOB(5);

  • Solution: Remove the constraint.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00567: cannot pass NULL to a NOT NULL constrained formal parameter

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9673

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You attempted to pass NULL to a parameter with the NOT NULL constraint.

  • Solution: Pass a NOT NULL expression to the parameter.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00572: improper constraint form used

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9606

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: "number" types cannot have a range. You cannot specify the scale or precision for user-defined aggregate types or integer types. For example, "x number(5,3)" is acceptable but "x number range 1..10" is not.

  • Solution: Remove the constraint.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00586: a static method cannot declare a parameter named SELF

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9649

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You attempted to name a parameter SELF when declaring a static method. SELF is reserved as a parameter name in a method to hold the object instance on which the method is applied. A parameter named SELF is not allowed in static methods because static methods do not apply to a particular object instance.

  • Solution: Change the name of the parameter in the declaration.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00587: a static method cannot be invoked on an instance value

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9527

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You attempted to use an object instance value rather than a type name as the qualifier of the method call name. However, only a type name can be used as the qualifier when a static method is called.

  • Solution: Use a type name rather than an object instance value as the qualifier of a static method.

PLS-00589: no attributes found in object type '%.*s'

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9650

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A table of a non-ADT type was defined.

  • Solution: Tables must be of the ADT type only.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00593: default value of parameter '%.*s' in body must match that of spec

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9630

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The default value initialization of a parameter in a subprogram body contained in a package body did not match that of the corresponding subprogram specification in the corresponding package specification.

  • Solution: Change the default value initialization of the parameter in the body to match that of the specification.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00597: expression '%.*s' in the INTO list is of wrong type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9637

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: This exception is raised for the following errors:

    • The expression in the INTO clause of the OPEN or RETURNING statement is neither of legal SQL data types nor of the PL/SQL RECORD data type.

    • A collection of records is used in the INTO clause of the OPEN or RETURNING statement.

    • A record or a collection of records is used in BULK COLLECT INTO.

  • Solution: Use an expression of a correct data type in the INTO clause.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00594: the SELF parameter can be declared only as IN or as IN OUT

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9530

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The SELF parameter is declared as an OUT parameter.

  • Solution: Declare the SELF parameter as an IN or IN OUT parameter.

PLS-00617: at least one result in the CASE expression must not be NULL

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9666

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: All the results in the CASE expression are NULL.

  • Solution: Change at least one result in the CASE expression to a non-NULL value.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00619: the first operand in the NULLIF expression must not be NULL

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9647

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The first operand in the NULLIF expression is NULL.

  • Solution: Change the first operand in the NULLIF expression to a non-NULL value.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00621: at least one operand in the COALESCE expression must not be NULL

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9648

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: All the operands in the COALESCE expression are NULL.

  • Solution: Change at least one operand in the COALESCE expression to a non-NULL value.

PLS-00629: PIPE statement cannot be used in non-pipelined functions

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9623

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A PIPE statement was used in a non-pipelined function.

  • Solution: Use the PIPE statement only in pipelined functions.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00630: pipelined functions must have a supported collection return type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9601

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A pipelined function was specified with an unsupported return type. The following collection types are not supported as return types of pipelined functions:

    • Non-collections

    • PL/SQL tables

    • Associative arrays

    • Collections of PL/SQL types: rowid, mlslabel, long, long raw, boolean, binary_integer, pls_integer, string, and urowid

  • Solution: Specify a supported collection type as the return type of the pipelined function.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00633: RETURN statement in a pipelined function cannot contain an expression

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9635

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A RETURN statement in a pipelined function contains an expression, which is not allowed. Pipelined functions must return values to the caller by using the PIPE statement.

  • Solution: Remove the expression from the RETURN statement and use a PIPE statement to return values. Alternatively, convert the function into a non-pipelined function.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00642: local collection types not allowed in SQL statements

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9589

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A locally-defined (that is, not the schema level) collection type was used in an SQL statement. To be accepted in an SQL statement, the type must be defined in a schema.

  • Solution: Define the collection type in your schema instead of in a PL/SQL subprogram.

PLS-00652: incorrect number of arguments for aggregate function

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9633

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You attempted to create an aggregate function with either 0 arguments or more than 999 arguments.

  • Solution: Do not create aggregate functions with 0 arguments or more than 999 arguments.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00655: only functions can be declared as PIPELINED

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9600

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: Only functions can be declared as pipelined functions.

  • Solution: Declare a function as a pipelined function, or do not use pipelined functions.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00657: Implementation restriction: bulk SQL with associative arrays with VARCHAR2 key is not supported

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9638

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A variable or expression of the associative array type was used for bulk SQL binding or defining.

  • Solution: Use collection types supported by bulk SQL operations.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00658: constructor method name must match type name

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9528

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You attempted to use an object instance value rather than a type name as the qualifier of the method call name. However, only a type name can be used as the qualifier when a static method is called.

  • Solution: Use a type name rather than an object instance value as the qualifier of a static method.

PLS-00659: constructor method must return SELF AS RESULT

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9646

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The return clause of the constructor method did not specify SELF AS RESULT.

  • Solution: Include RETURN SELF AS RESULT in the return clause.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00660: SELF parameter of constructor method must be IN OUT

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9645

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The mode of the SELF parameter of the constructor was not IN OUT.

  • Solution: Change the mode of the SELF parameter to IN OUT.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00661: RETURN statement in a CONSTRUCTOR cannot include an expression

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9541

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: An expression exists in the RETURN statement of the CONSTRUCTOR body.

  • Solution: Delete the expression from the RETURN statement.

PLS-00667: Element type of associative array should be pls_integer or binary_integer

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9617

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You attempted to specify an index collection whose element type was not pls_integer or binary_integer.

  • Solution: Change the index collection variable type to an associative array whose element type is pls_integer or binary_integer.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00668: Type of expression should be a collection type

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9616

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: An expression is specified after the index or value of a clause that is of a non-collection type.

  • Solution: Change the index collection expression type to a valid collection type.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00674: references to fields of BULK In-BIND table of records or objects must have the form A(I).F

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9613

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: table(bulk_index).field is the only field selection supported at runtime.

  • Solution: Use a FOR loop instead of the FORALL DML statement (MERGE, INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE) or revise the reference to fit the form allowed.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00675: invalid section for this type of Compound Trigger

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9698

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The trigger event type of a compound trigger must be consistent with the object that the trigger is based on.

  • Solution: Define the instead of section only for a compound trigger created based on a view. Define other sections for compound triggers created based on tables.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00676: duplicate Compound Triggers section

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9699

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: Each compound trigger section can appear at most once in the body of the compound trigger.

  • Solution: Remove the offending sections.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00701: illegal ORACLE error number %.*s for PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9629

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The error code passed to the EXCEPTION_INIT pragma is out of range. The error code must be in the range of 1-9999 (excluding 100) or in the range of 20000-20999 for user-defined errors.

  • Solution: Use a valid error code.

PLS-00702: second argument to PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT must be a numeric literal

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9676

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The second parameter passed to the EXCEPTION_INIT pragma is not a numeric literal (such as a variable). The second parameter must be a numeric literal in the range of 1-9999 (excluding 100). Error codes in the range of 20000-20999 indicate user-defined errors.

  • Solution: Replace the second parameter with a valid error code.

PLS-00708: Pragma %.*s must be declared in a package specification

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9603

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The named pragma was not declared in a package specification as required. For example, the pragma RESTRICT_REFERENCES must be declared in a package specification.

  • Solution: Remove or relocate the misplaced pragma.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00709: pragma %.*s must be declared in package specification and body

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9632

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The named pragma was declared in a package specification but not in the corresponding package body or vice-versa.

  • Solution: Add the pragma to the part of the package declaration that does not have the pragma.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00710: Pragma string cannot be specified here", "Pragma %s cannot be specified here

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9509

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION pragma cannot be specified here.

  • Solution: Check whether the pragma name is correctly spelled.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00711: PRAGMA string cannot be declared twice", "PRAGMA %.*s cannot be declared twice

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9621

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: A pragma was declared twice in the same block.

  • Solution: Remove the duplicate declaration of the pragma.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00712: illegal option for subprogram %.*s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9626

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: Only top-level subprograms or subprogram declarations in PACKAGE or TYPE specifications can have the DETERMINISTIC or PARALLEL_ENABLE option. For example, this error would be returned if the options are used in a PACKAGE or TYPE body.

  • Solution: Remove the options.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00742: field %.*s is not yet denotable

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9669

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: When the fields of a record were declared, one field was used to initialize another, as in TYPE my_rec IS RECORD (f1 varchar2(10), f2 varchar2(10) := f1);. The first field has no value until runtime. Therefore, it cannot be used to initialize another field.

  • Solution: Remove the illegal field reference.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00904: insufficient privilege to access object string

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9625

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You attempted to operate a database object without the required privilege. For example, this error occurs when you attempt to update a table on which you only have the SELECT privilege, or when the ACCESS BY clause of the database object prohibits the attempted compilation.

  • Solution: Ask the DBA to perform the operation or to grant you the required privilege.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00905: object '%.*s' is invalid

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9548

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: An invalid software package specification or subprogram is referenced. If the software package specification, the source code of the subprogram, or a referenced database object of the subprogram is discarded, replaced, or changed since the last compilation, the software package or subprogram becomes invalid.

  • Solution: Identify the reason why the software package specification or subprogram becomes invalid, and ensure that the software package specification or subprogram can be correctly recompiled.

PLS-00990: Index Tables of Cursor Variables are disallowed

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9672

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: The cursor cannot be used as an element of the array type.

  • Solution: Do not use the cursor as an element of the array type.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

PLS-00994: Cursor Variables cannot be declared as part of a package

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9516

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause: You attempted to declare a cursor variable in the program package specification, which is not allowed. You can define the REF CURSOR type in PL blocks, subprograms, and program packages, but cursor variables can be declared only in blocks or subprograms.

  • Solution: Move the declaration of the cursor variable to a PL block or a subprogram.

PLS-00999: implementation restriction (may be temporary) %s

  • Error code in OceanBase Database: 9624

  • SQLSTATE: HY000

  • Cause:

    • RESULT_CACHE does not support functions that contain the OUT or INOUT parameter.

    • RESULT_CACHE does not support functions whose RETURN type or IN parameter type are among the following ones:

      • BLOB

      • CLOB

      • NCLOB

      • REFCURSOR

      • Collection

      • Object

      • The record or PL/SQL collection type that contains the preceding types

    • RESULT_CACHE does not support functions in anonymous blocks.

    • RESULT_CACHE does not support pipelined functions and nested functions.

  • Solution: Remove the RESULT_CACHE used in the preceding unsupported scenarios.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

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PLS-00001: PL/SQL common error", "%s
PLS-00103: Encountered the symbol %s when expecting one of the following: %s
PLS-00109: unknown exception name '%.*s' in PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT
PLS-00113: END identifier '%.*s' must match '%.*s
PLS-00114: identifier ' %.*s' too long
PLS-00115: this PRAGMA must follow the declaration of '%.*s
PLS-00119: Duplicate having-clause in table expression
PLS-00124: name of exception expected for first arg in exception_init pragma
PLS-00128: Illegal number of arguments for pragma EXCEPTION_INIT
PLS-00130: Pragma %s expects 1st argument to be a procedure/function/package/cursor
PLS-00132: Pragma %s does not support %.*s
PLS-00154: An object type may have only 1 MAP or 1 ORDER method
PLS-00155: Only a function may be a MAP, ORDER or CONSTRUCTOR method
PLS-00157: Only schema-level programs allow %s
PLS-00168: string'", "duplicate modifier specification '%s'
PLS-00169: modifier '%s' conflicts with prior '%s' specification
PLS-00172: string literal too long
PLS-00179: $ERROR: %.*s
PLS-00182: Identifier cannot be an empty string
PLS-00201: identifier '%.*s' must be declared
PLS-00204: function or pseudo-column '%s' may be used inside a SQL statement only
PLS-00206: %%TYPE must be applied to a variable, column, field or attribute, not to '%.*s'
PLS-00218: a variable declared NOT NULL must have an initialization assignment
PLS-00221: %s' is not a procedure or is undefined
PLS-00222: no function with name '%.*s' exists in this scope
PLS-00225: subprogram or cursor '%.*s' reference is out of scope
PLS-00227: subprogram 'in' formal %.*s is not yet denotable
PLS-00230: OUT and IN OUT formal parameters may not have default expressions
PLS-00231: function '%.*s' may not be used in SQL
PLS-00254: OUT and IN/OUT modes cannot be used in this context
PLS-00263: mismatch between string on a subprogram specification and body
PLS-00301: Invalid GOTO to non-label '%.*s'
PLS-00302: component '%.*s' must be declared
PLS-00304: cannot compile body of '%.*s' without its specification
PLS-00305: previous use of '%.*s' conflicts with this use
PLS-00306: wrong number or types of arguments in call to '%.*s'
PLS-00307: too many declarations of '%.*s' match this call
PLS-00310: with %%ROWTYPE attribute, '%.*s' must name a table, cursor or cursor-variable
PLS-00312: a positional parameter association may not follow a named association
PLS-00315: Implementation restriction: unsupported table index type
PLS-00316: PL/SQL TABLEs must use a single index
PLS-00318: type '%.*s' is malformed because it is a non-REF mutually recursive type
PLS-00320: the declaration of the type of this expression is incomplete or malformed
PLS-00321: expression '%.*s' is inappropriate as the left hand side of an assignment statement
PLS-00322: declaration of a constant '%.*s' must contain an initialization assignment
PLS-00323: subprogram or cursor '%.*s' is declared in a package specification and must be defined in the package body
PLS-00325: non-integral numeric literal %.*s is inappropriate in this context
PLS-00328: A subprogram body must be defined for the forward declaration of %.*s
PLS-00329: schema-level type has illegal reference to %.*s
PLS-00357: Table,View Or Sequence reference '%s%s%s%s%s' not allowed in this context
PLS-00360: cursor declaration without body needs return type
PLS-00361: IN cursor '%.*s' cannot be OPEN'ed
PLS-00362: invalid cursor return type; '%.*s' must be a record type
PLS-00363: expression '%.*s' cannot be used as an assignment
PLS-00366: subtype of a not null type must also be not null
PLS-00367: a RAISE statement with no exception name must be inside an exception handler
PLS-00369: no choices may appear with choice OTHERS in an exception handler
PLS-00370: OTHERS handler must be last among the exception handlers of a block
PLS-00371: at most one declaration for '%.*s' is permitted
PLS-00372: In a procedure, RETURN statement cannot contain an expression
PLS-00373: EXIT/CONTINUE label '%.*s' must label a LOOP statement
PLS-00375: illegal GOTO statement; this GOTO cannot branch to label '%.*s'
PLS-00376: illegal EXIT/CONTINUE statement; it must appear inside a loop
PLS-00382: expression is of wrong type
PLS-00386: type mismatch found at '%.*s' between FETCH cursor and INTO variables
PLS-00394: wrong number of values in the INTO list of a FETCH statement
PLS-00402: alias required in SELECT list of cursor to avoid duplicate column names
PLS-00403: expression '%.*s' cannot be used as an INTO-target of a SELECT/FETCH statement
PLS-00404: cursor '%.*s' must be declared with FOR UPDATE to use with CURRENT OF
PLS-00410: duplicate fields in RECORD,TABLE or argument list are not permitted
PLS-00413: identifier in CURRENT OF clause is not a cursor name
PLS-00428: an INTO clause is expected in this SELECT statement
PLS-00430: FORALL iteration variable %.*s is not allowed in this context
PLS-00432: implementation restriction: cannot use FORALL and BULK COLLECT INTO together in SELECT statements
PLS-00435: DML statement without BULK In-BIND cannot be used inside FORALL
PLS-00438: value in LIMIT clause \'%.*s\' use is invalid
PLS-00439: A LIMIT clause must be used within a BULK FETCH
PLS-00441: EXIT/CONTINUE statement may have a label here; '%.*s' is not a label
PLS-00452: Subprogram '%.*s' violates its associated pragma
PLS-00455: cursor '%.*s' cannot be used in dynamic SQL OPEN statement
PLS-00457: expressions have to be of SQL types
PLS-00485: in exception handler, '%.*s' must be an exception name
PLS-00488: '%.*s' must be a type
PLS-00491: numeric literal required
PLS-00492: variable or constant initialization may not refer to functions declared in the same package
PLS-00497: cannot mix between single row and multi-row (BULK) in INTO list
PLS-00503: RETURN value statement required for this return from function
PLS-00520: MAP methods must be declared without any parameters other than (optional) SELF
PLS-00521: ORDER methods must be declared with 1 (one) parameter in addition to (optional) SELF
PLS-00522: MAP methods must return a scalar type
PLS-00523: ORDER methods must return an INTEGER
PLS-00524: The parameter type in an ORDER method must be the containing object type
PLS-00525: Within SQL statements, only equality comparisons of objects are allowed without a map or order function
PLS-00526: A MAP or ORDER function is required for comparing objects in PL/ SQL Execution
PLS-00527: MAP or ORDER functions require a PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES specifying :WNDS,WNPS,RNPS,RNDS
PLS-00528: The parameters to an ORDER function must have IN mode
PLS-00530: Illegal type used for object type attribute: '%.*s'
PLS-00531: Unsupported type in a VARRAY or TABLE type: '%.*s'
PLS-00537: A VARRAY must have a positive limit
PLS-00538: subprogram or cursor '%.*s' is declared in an object type specification and must be defined in the object type body
PLS-00539: subprogram '%.*s' is declared in an object type body and must be defined in the object type specification
PLS-00551: character set ANY_CS is only allowed on a subprogram parameter
PLS-00566: type name '%.*s' cannot be constrained
PLS-00567: cannot pass NULL to a NOT NULL constrained formal parameter
PLS-00572: improper constraint form used
PLS-00586: a static method cannot declare a parameter named SELF
PLS-00587: a static method cannot be invoked on an instance value
PLS-00589: no attributes found in object type '%.*s'
PLS-00593: default value of parameter '%.*s' in body must match that of spec
PLS-00597: expression '%.*s' in the INTO list is of wrong type
PLS-00594: the SELF parameter can be declared only as IN or as IN OUT
PLS-00617: at least one result in the CASE expression must not be NULL
PLS-00619: the first operand in the NULLIF expression must not be NULL
PLS-00621: at least one operand in the COALESCE expression must not be NULL
PLS-00629: PIPE statement cannot be used in non-pipelined functions
PLS-00630: pipelined functions must have a supported collection return type
PLS-00633: RETURN statement in a pipelined function cannot contain an expression
PLS-00642: local collection types not allowed in SQL statements
PLS-00652: incorrect number of arguments for aggregate function
PLS-00655: only functions can be declared as PIPELINED
PLS-00657: Implementation restriction: bulk SQL with associative arrays with VARCHAR2 key is not supported
PLS-00658: constructor method name must match type name
PLS-00659: constructor method must return SELF AS RESULT
PLS-00660: SELF parameter of constructor method must be IN OUT
PLS-00661: RETURN statement in a CONSTRUCTOR cannot include an expression
PLS-00667: Element type of associative array should be pls_integer or binary_integer
PLS-00668: Type of expression should be a collection type
PLS-00674: references to fields of BULK In-BIND table of records or objects must have the form A(I).F
PLS-00675: invalid section for this type of Compound Trigger
PLS-00676: duplicate Compound Triggers section
PLS-00701: illegal ORACLE error number %.*s for PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT
PLS-00702: second argument to PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT must be a numeric literal
PLS-00708: Pragma %.*s must be declared in a package specification
PLS-00709: pragma %.*s must be declared in package specification and body
PLS-00710: Pragma string cannot be specified here", "Pragma %s cannot be specified here
PLS-00711: PRAGMA string cannot be declared twice", "PRAGMA %.*s cannot be declared twice
PLS-00712: illegal option for subprogram %.*s
PLS-00742: field %.*s is not yet denotable
PLS-00904: insufficient privilege to access object string
PLS-00905: object '%.*s' is invalid
PLS-00990: Index Tables of Cursor Variables are disallowed
PLS-00994: Cursor Variables cannot be declared as part of a package
PLS-00999: implementation restriction (may be temporary) %s
PLS-00001: PL/SQL common error", "%s
PLS-00103: Encountered the symbol %s when expecting one of the following: %s
PLS-00109: unknown exception name '%.*s' in PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT
PLS-00113: END identifier '%.*s' must match '%.*s
PLS-00114: identifier ' %.*s' too long
PLS-00115: this PRAGMA must follow the declaration of '%.*s
PLS-00119: Duplicate having-clause in table expression
PLS-00124: name of exception expected for first arg in exception_init pragma
PLS-00128: Illegal number of arguments for pragma EXCEPTION_INIT
PLS-00130: Pragma %s expects 1st argument to be a procedure/function/package/cursor
PLS-00132: Pragma %s does not support %.*s
PLS-00154: An object type may have only 1 MAP or 1 ORDER method
PLS-00155: Only a function may be a MAP, ORDER or CONSTRUCTOR method
PLS-00157: Only schema-level programs allow %s
PLS-00168: string'", "duplicate modifier specification '%s'
PLS-00169: modifier '%s' conflicts with prior '%s' specification
PLS-00172: string literal too long
PLS-00179: $ERROR: %.*s
PLS-00182: Identifier cannot be an empty string
PLS-00201: identifier '%.*s' must be declared
PLS-00204: function or pseudo-column '%s' may be used inside a SQL statement only
PLS-00206: %%TYPE must be applied to a variable, column, field or attribute, not to '%.*s'
PLS-00218: a variable declared NOT NULL must have an initialization assignment
PLS-00221: %s' is not a procedure or is undefined
PLS-00222: no function with name '%.*s' exists in this scope
PLS-00225: subprogram or cursor '%.*s' reference is out of scope
PLS-00227: subprogram 'in' formal %.*s is not yet denotable
PLS-00230: OUT and IN OUT formal parameters may not have default expressions
PLS-00231: function '%.*s' may not be used in SQL
PLS-00254: OUT and IN/OUT modes cannot be used in this context
PLS-00263: mismatch between string on a subprogram specification and body
PLS-00301: Invalid GOTO to non-label '%.*s'
PLS-00302: component '%.*s' must be declared
PLS-00304: cannot compile body of '%.*s' without its specification
PLS-00305: previous use of '%.*s' conflicts with this use
PLS-00306: wrong number or types of arguments in call to '%.*s'
PLS-00307: too many declarations of '%.*s' match this call
PLS-00310: with %%ROWTYPE attribute, '%.*s' must name a table, cursor or cursor-variable
PLS-00312: a positional parameter association may not follow a named association
PLS-00315: Implementation restriction: unsupported table index type
PLS-00316: PL/SQL TABLEs must use a single index
PLS-00318: type '%.*s' is malformed because it is a non-REF mutually recursive type
PLS-00320: the declaration of the type of this expression is incomplete or malformed
PLS-00321: expression '%.*s' is inappropriate as the left hand side of an assignment statement
PLS-00322: declaration of a constant '%.*s' must contain an initialization assignment
PLS-00323: subprogram or cursor '%.*s' is declared in a package specification and must be defined in the package body
PLS-00325: non-integral numeric literal %.*s is inappropriate in this context
PLS-00328: A subprogram body must be defined for the forward declaration of %.*s
PLS-00329: schema-level type has illegal reference to %.*s
PLS-00357: Table,View Or Sequence reference '%s%s%s%s%s' not allowed in this context
PLS-00360: cursor declaration without body needs return type
PLS-00361: IN cursor '%.*s' cannot be OPEN'ed
PLS-00362: invalid cursor return type; '%.*s' must be a record type
PLS-00363: expression '%.*s' cannot be used as an assignment
PLS-00366: subtype of a not null type must also be not null
PLS-00367: a RAISE statement with no exception name must be inside an exception handler
PLS-00369: no choices may appear with choice OTHERS in an exception handler
PLS-00370: OTHERS handler must be last among the exception handlers of a block
PLS-00371: at most one declaration for '%.*s' is permitted
PLS-00372: In a procedure, RETURN statement cannot contain an expression
PLS-00373: EXIT/CONTINUE label '%.*s' must label a LOOP statement
PLS-00375: illegal GOTO statement; this GOTO cannot branch to label '%.*s'
PLS-00376: illegal EXIT/CONTINUE statement; it must appear inside a loop
PLS-00382: expression is of wrong type
PLS-00386: type mismatch found at '%.*s' between FETCH cursor and INTO variables
PLS-00394: wrong number of values in the INTO list of a FETCH statement
PLS-00402: alias required in SELECT list of cursor to avoid duplicate column names
PLS-00403: expression '%.*s' cannot be used as an INTO-target of a SELECT/FETCH statement
PLS-00404: cursor '%.*s' must be declared with FOR UPDATE to use with CURRENT OF
PLS-00410: duplicate fields in RECORD,TABLE or argument list are not permitted
PLS-00413: identifier in CURRENT OF clause is not a cursor name
PLS-00428: an INTO clause is expected in this SELECT statement
PLS-00430: FORALL iteration variable %.*s is not allowed in this context
PLS-00432: implementation restriction: cannot use FORALL and BULK COLLECT INTO together in SELECT statements
PLS-00435: DML statement without BULK In-BIND cannot be used inside FORALL
PLS-00438: value in LIMIT clause \'%.*s\' use is invalid
PLS-00439: A LIMIT clause must be used within a BULK FETCH
PLS-00441: EXIT/CONTINUE statement may have a label here; '%.*s' is not a label
PLS-00452: Subprogram '%.*s' violates its associated pragma
PLS-00455: cursor '%.*s' cannot be used in dynamic SQL OPEN statement
PLS-00457: expressions have to be of SQL types
PLS-00485: in exception handler, '%.*s' must be an exception name
PLS-00488: '%.*s' must be a type
PLS-00491: numeric literal required
PLS-00492: variable or constant initialization may not refer to functions declared in the same package
PLS-00497: cannot mix between single row and multi-row (BULK) in INTO list
PLS-00503: RETURN value statement required for this return from function
PLS-00520: MAP methods must be declared without any parameters other than (optional) SELF
PLS-00521: ORDER methods must be declared with 1 (one) parameter in addition to (optional) SELF
PLS-00522: MAP methods must return a scalar type
PLS-00523: ORDER methods must return an INTEGER
PLS-00524: The parameter type in an ORDER method must be the containing object type
PLS-00525: Within SQL statements, only equality comparisons of objects are allowed without a map or order function
PLS-00526: A MAP or ORDER function is required for comparing objects in PL/ SQL Execution
PLS-00527: MAP or ORDER functions require a PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES specifying :WNDS,WNPS,RNPS,RNDS
PLS-00528: The parameters to an ORDER function must have IN mode
PLS-00530: Illegal type used for object type attribute: '%.*s'
PLS-00531: Unsupported type in a VARRAY or TABLE type: '%.*s'
PLS-00537: A VARRAY must have a positive limit
PLS-00538: subprogram or cursor '%.*s' is declared in an object type specification and must be defined in the object type body
PLS-00539: subprogram '%.*s' is declared in an object type body and must be defined in the object type specification
PLS-00551: character set ANY_CS is only allowed on a subprogram parameter
PLS-00566: type name '%.*s' cannot be constrained
PLS-00567: cannot pass NULL to a NOT NULL constrained formal parameter
PLS-00572: improper constraint form used
PLS-00586: a static method cannot declare a parameter named SELF
PLS-00587: a static method cannot be invoked on an instance value
PLS-00589: no attributes found in object type '%.*s'
PLS-00593: default value of parameter '%.*s' in body must match that of spec
PLS-00597: expression '%.*s' in the INTO list is of wrong type
PLS-00594: the SELF parameter can be declared only as IN or as IN OUT
PLS-00617: at least one result in the CASE expression must not be NULL
PLS-00619: the first operand in the NULLIF expression must not be NULL
PLS-00621: at least one operand in the COALESCE expression must not be NULL
PLS-00629: PIPE statement cannot be used in non-pipelined functions
PLS-00630: pipelined functions must have a supported collection return type
PLS-00633: RETURN statement in a pipelined function cannot contain an expression
PLS-00642: local collection types not allowed in SQL statements
PLS-00652: incorrect number of arguments for aggregate function
PLS-00655: only functions can be declared as PIPELINED
PLS-00657: Implementation restriction: bulk SQL with associative arrays with VARCHAR2 key is not supported
PLS-00658: constructor method name must match type name
PLS-00659: constructor method must return SELF AS RESULT
PLS-00660: SELF parameter of constructor method must be IN OUT
PLS-00661: RETURN statement in a CONSTRUCTOR cannot include an expression
PLS-00667: Element type of associative array should be pls_integer or binary_integer
PLS-00668: Type of expression should be a collection type
PLS-00674: references to fields of BULK In-BIND table of records or objects must have the form A(I).F
PLS-00675: invalid section for this type of Compound Trigger
PLS-00676: duplicate Compound Triggers section
PLS-00701: illegal ORACLE error number %.*s for PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT
PLS-00702: second argument to PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT must be a numeric literal
PLS-00708: Pragma %.*s must be declared in a package specification
PLS-00709: pragma %.*s must be declared in package specification and body
PLS-00710: Pragma string cannot be specified here", "Pragma %s cannot be specified here
PLS-00711: PRAGMA string cannot be declared twice", "PRAGMA %.*s cannot be declared twice
PLS-00712: illegal option for subprogram %.*s
PLS-00742: field %.*s is not yet denotable
PLS-00904: insufficient privilege to access object string
PLS-00905: object '%.*s' is invalid
PLS-00990: Index Tables of Cursor Variables are disallowed
PLS-00994: Cursor Variables cannot be declared as part of a package
PLS-00999: implementation restriction (may be temporary) %s