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Start on Cloud

A unified distributed database ready for your transactional, analytical, and AI workloads.

DEPLOY YOUR WAY

OceanBase Cloud

The best way to deploy and scale OceanBase

OceanBase Enterprise

Run and manage OceanBase on your infra

TRY OPEN SOURCE

OceanBase Community Edition

The free, open-source distributed database

OceanBase seekdb

Open source AI native search database

Customer Stories

Real-world success stories from enterprises across diverse industries.

View All
BY USE CASES

Mission-Critical Transactions

Global & Multicloud Application

Elastic Scaling for Peak Traffic

Real-time Analytics

Active Geo-redundancy

Database Consolidation

Comprehensive knowledge hub for OceanBase.

Blog

Live Demos

Training & Certification

Documentation

Official technical guides, tutorials, API references, and manuals for all OceanBase products.

View All
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QUICK START
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OceanBase Database

SQL - V4.2.0

  • What is OceanBase Database
    • Overview
    • Differences between the Enterprise Edition and the Community Edition
    • System architecture
    • Compatibility with Oracle
      • Overview
      • SQL data types
      • Built-in functions
      • System views
    • Compatibility with MySQL
    • Limitations
  • Get Started
    • Get started with OceanBase Database
    • Learn OceanBase SQL
      • Before you begin
      • Basic SQL operations (MySQL mode)
      • Basic SQL operations (Oracle mode)
    • Build a sample application (MySQL mode)
      • Build a Python application
      • Build a Java application
      • Build a C application
      • Build a Go application
    • Build a sample application (Oracle mode)
      • Build a Java application
      • Build a C application
    • Try out advanced features of OceanBase Database
      • Scalable OLTP
        • Run the TPC-C benchmark in OceanBase Database
        • Try out the hot row update capability of OceanBase Database
      • Try out operational OLAP
      • Try out parallel import and data compression
      • Try out the multi-tenant feature
    • Video tutorials
  • Develop
    • Develop applications in MySQL mode
      • Connect to OceanBase Database
        • Overview
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using the mysql client
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Boot
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Batch
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring JDBC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Data JPA
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Hibernate
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using MyBatis
        • Use database connection pool
          • Database connection pool configuration
          • Configure a Tomcat connection pool
          • Configure a C3P0 connection pool
          • Configure a Proxool connection pool
          • Configure a HiKariCP connection pool
          • Configure a DBCP connection pool
          • Configure a CommonPool connection pool
      • Sample applications
        • Python
          • mysqlclient
          • PyMySQL
      • Plan database objects
        • Create a database
        • Create a table group
        • Create a table
        • Create an index
        • Create an external table
      • Write data
        • Insert data
        • Update data
        • Delete data
        • Replace data
      • Read data
        • Single-table queries
        • Join tables
          • INNER JOIN queries
          • FULL JOIN queries
          • LEFT JOIN queries
          • RIGHT JOIN queries
          • Subqueries
        • Use operators and functions in queries
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use numerical functions in queries
          • Use string concatenation operators in queries
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use datetime functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use the CASE conditional operator in queries
          • Use the SELECT ... FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
          • Use the SELECT ... LOCK IN SHARE MODE statement to lock query results
        • Use a DBLink in queries
        • Set operations
      • Transactions
        • Overview
        • Start a transaction
        • Savepoints
          • Mark a savepoint
          • Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
          • Release a savepoint
        • Commit a transaction
        • Roll back a transaction
      • Application errors
        • Troubleshooting guidelines
          • About error codes
          • Error handling specifications for MySQL-compatible applications
        • Common errors and troubleshooting practices
          • Disconnected from the server, with ERROR 2013 reported
          • Idle transaction timed out, with ERROR 6002 reported
          • Transaction timed out, with ERROR 4012 reported
          • User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
          • Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
          • Table already exists, with ERROR 1050 reported
          • Table does not exist, with ERROR 1146 reported
          • Duplicate data inserted, with ERROR 1062 reported
          • ERROR 1215 reported in foreign key addition
          • Data truncated while being inserted, with ERROR 1265 reported
    • Develop applications in Oracle mode
      • Connect to OceanBase Database
        • Overview
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Boot
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Batch
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring JDBC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Data JPA
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Hibernate
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using MyBatis
        • Use database connection pool
          • Database connection pool configuration
          • Configure a Tomcat connection pool
          • Configure a C3P0 connection pool
          • Configure a Proxool connection pool
          • Configure a HiKariCP connection pool
          • Configure a DBCP connection pool
          • Configure a CommonPool connection pool
          • Configure a JDBC connection pool
      • Sample applications
        • Java
          • OceanBase Connector/J
      • Plan database objects
        • Create a table group
        • Create a table
        • Create an index
        • Create an external table
      • Write data
        • Insert data
        • Update data
        • Delete data
        • Replace data
      • Read data
        • Single-table queries
        • Join tables
          • INNER JOIN queries
          • FULL JOIN queries
          • LEFT JOIN queries
          • RIGHT JOIN queries
          • Subqueries
        • Use operators and functions in queries
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use numerical functions in queries
          • Use string concatenation operators in queries
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use datetime functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use CASE functions in queries
          • Use the SELECT ... FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
        • Use a DBLink in queries
        • Set operations
      • Transactions
        • Overview
        • Start a transaction
        • Savepoints
          • Mark a savepoint
          • Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
        • Commit a transaction
        • Roll back a transaction
      • Application errors
        • Troubleshooting guidelines
          • About error codes
          • Error handling specifications for Oracle-compatible applications
        • Common errors and troubleshooting practices
          • Idle transaction timed out, with Error ORA-24761 reported
          • Transaction timed out, with Error ORA-00600 reported
          • User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
          • Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
          • Table already exists, with Error ORA-00955 reported
          • Table does not exist, with Error ORA-04043 reported
          • Duplicate data inserted, with Error ORA-00001 reported
          • Error ORA-00600 reported in foreign key addition
          • Inconsistent data types, with Error ORA-00932 reported
  • Deploy
    • Overview
    • High availability deployment solutions for OceanBase clusters
    • Deploy OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition
      • Deployment process
      • Before deployment
        • Prepare servers
        • Server configuration
        • Prepare installation packages
        • Deploy OAT
      • Deploy through GUI
        • Configure deployment environment using OAT
          • Add a server
        • Deploy OCP
          • Overview
          • Upload installation packages
          • Create MetaDB
          • Deploy OCP
        • Deploy OceanBase clusters using OCP
          • Add a server to the resource pool
          • Deploy a two-replica OceanBase cluster with the arbitration service by using OCP
          • Deploy a single-replica OceanBase cluster by using OCP
          • Deploy a three-replica OceanBase cluster by using OCP
        • (Optional) Deploy ODP
      • Deploy through CLI
        • Configure deployment environment
          • Initialize an OBServer node by using oatcli
          • (Optional) Configure the clock source
        • Deploy OceanBase clusters using CLI
          • Deploy an OceanBase cluster with two replicas and an arbitration service using the CLI
          • Deploy a single-replica OceanBase cluster using the CLI
          • Deploy a three-replica OceanBase cluster using the CLI
        • (Optional) Deploy ODP
    • Deploy OceanBase Database Community Edition
      • Overview
      • Deploy locally
        • Software and hardware requirements
        • Before deployment
          • (Optional) Check resources
          • (Optional) Set password-free SSH logon
          • (Optional) Configure the clock source
          • (Optional) Perform disk planning
          • (Optional) Configure limits.conf
          • (Optional) Configure sysctl.conf
          • (Optional) Disable the firewall and SELinux
          • (Optional) Create a user
        • Deploy through GUI
          • Deploy an OceanBase cluster through the GUI of OBD
          • Deploy an OceanBase cluster through the GUI of OCP
        • Deploy OceanBase Database in a production environment by using the CLI
      • Deploy OceanBase Database in a Kubernetes cluster
    • Clear out an old cluster
  • Migrate
    • Overview
    • Migrate from MySQL databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use mydumper and myloader to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use CloudCanal to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use Canal to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use Flink CDC to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use ChunJun to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to MySQL databases
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use OMS to migrate incremental data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Synchronize data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using Canal
      • Migrate data from a MySQL OceanBase database to a MySQL database using CloudCanal
      • Use Flink CDC to migrate data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Migrate data from a MySQL database in OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using ChunJun
    • Migrate from Oracle databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle database to an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to Oracle databases
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
    • Migrate from DB2 databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a DB2 LUW database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a DB2 LUW database to an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate table schemas from a DB2 LUW database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to DB2 databases
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database to a DB2 LUW database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to a DB2 LUW database
    • Migrate from TiDB databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a TiDB database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from PostgreSQL databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a PostgreSQL database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from CSV files to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate CSV files to OceanBase Database
      • Import data by using the LOAD DATA statement
    • Import data from SQL files to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate data between OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an OceanBase Database tenant to another of the same type
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an OceanBase Database tenant to another of the same type in active-active disaster recovery scenarios
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between MySQL tenants in OceanBase Database
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from a MySQL tenant to an Oracle tenant in OceanBase Database
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between Oracle tenants in OceanBase Database
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from an Oracle tenant to a MySQL tenant in OceanBase Database
    • Migrate data using SQL statements
      • Migrate data between tables
      • Migrate resource units
      • Export data by using OUTFILE statements
    • Bypass import
      • Overview of direct load
      • Import data in bypass mode by using the LOAD DATA statement
      • Import data in bypass mode by using the INSERT INTO SELECT statement
  • Manage
    • Log on to an OceanBase Database tenant
    • Manage clusters
      • Overview
      • Cluster parameters
      • Common cluster operations
        • View a zone
        • View a node
        • Restart a node
        • Add a node
        • Delete a node
        • Isolate a node
        • Replace a node
        • Start a zone
        • Add a zone
        • Delete a zone
        • Modify a zone
        • Isolate a zone
        • View cluster parameters
        • Modify cluster parameters
        • Upgrade clusters
          • Upgrade OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition
            • Overview
            • Upgrade the arbitration service
            • Upgrade an OceanBase cluster
            • Check upgrade results
          • Upgrade OceanBase Database Community Edition
            • Upgrade OceanBase Database by using OBD
      • Troubleshoot common problems
        • Failures of a minority of nodes
        • Failures of the majority of nodes
    • Manage tenants
      • Tenants
      • Tenant capacity
      • Tenant types
      • User tenants
      • System variables of a tenant
      • Common tenant operations
        • Create a tenant
        • Resource isolation
          • Overview
          • Manage resource isolation (Oracle mode)
            • Configure cgroups
            • Calibrate the disk performance
            • Configure user-level resource isolation
            • Configure SQL statement-level resource isolation
            • Update a resource management plan config
            • Delete a resource management plan config
            • Delete a resource management plan
            • Delete a resource group
            • Clear cgroup configurations
          • Manage resource isolation (MySQL mode)
            • Configure cgroups
            • Configure user-level resource isolation
            • Calibrate the disk performance
            • Configure SQL statement-level resource isolation
            • Update a resource management plan config
            • Delete a resource management plan config
            • Delete a resource management plan
            • Delete a resource group
            • Clear cgroup configurations
        • View tenant and resource information
        • View and set a tenant allowlist
        • View system variables of a tenant
        • Modify system variables of a tenant
        • Scale in/out
          • Tenant scaling
          • Modify the unit configs for a tenant
          • Modify the number of resource units for a tenant
          • Modify the number of primary zones for a tenant
        • Modify attributes of a resource pool
        • Modify attributes of a tenant
        • Lock and unlock a tenant
        • Drop a tenant
        • Restore a tenant
        • Rename a tenant
        • Manage resource pools
          • View resource pools
          • Allocate a resource pool to a tenant
          • Remove a resource pool from a tenant
          • Merge resource pools and split a resource pool
          • Drop a resource pool
        • Manage unit configs
          • Query unit configs
          • Modify a unit config
          • Drop a unit config
    • Manage replicas
      • Overview
      • Replica distribution
        • Locality
        • Locality common operations
          • View locality
          • Modify locality
          • Add replicas
          • Remove replicas
          • Adjust the distribution of replicas
          • View the locality change history
          • Migrate units
      • Traffic distribution
      • Data distribution
    • High availability
      • Overview
      • Multi-replica disaster recovery
        • Data links
        • High availability of ODP
        • Database-level high availability
        • Disaster recovery architecture and levels
      • Physical standby database disaster recovery
        • Overview
        • Limitations
        • Create a standby tenant
          • Preparations
          • Create an empty standby tenant
          • Create a standby tenant by using the backup and recovery feature
          • Create a standby tenant by using the BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG feature
        • Log transmission service
          • Overview
          • Configure log transmission service
            • Specify a log restore source
            • Specify a log restore end point
          • View the log restore source
          • View the log synchronization progress
          • Suspend or enable log synchronization
          • Optimize the log synchronization performance
          • Specify log synchronization throttling
          • Specify log compression
        • Log storage service
        • Switch roles
          • Overview
          • Switchover
          • Failover
        • Drop a primary or standby tenant
      • Arbitration high availability
        • Overview
        • Enable the arbitration service for a tenant
        • Disable the arbitration service for a tenant
        • Modify the log stream downgrade control time
        • Replace the arbitration service for a cluster
        • Remove the arbitration service for a cluster
        • Clear residual cluster information
      • Manage recycle bin
        • Overview
        • Enable or disable the recycle bin
        • View objects in the recycle bin
        • Restore objects from the recycle bin
        • Purge the recycle bin
      • Flashback queries
    • Security and permissions
      • Overview
      • Identification and authentication
        • MySQL mode
          • Identity authentication
          • Password complexity
          • Logon failure processing
        • Oracle mode
          • Identity authentication
          • Password complexity
          • Logon failure processing
      • Access control
        • Overview
        • Users and permissions
          • Overview
          • MySQL mode
            • Create a user
            • Privilege types in MySQL mode
            • Grant privileges
            • Privilege delegation
            • View user privileges
            • Modify user privileges
            • Lock or unlock a user
            • Drop a user
          • Oracle mode
            • Privilege types in Oracle mode
            • Create a user
            • Grant direct privileges
            • Privilege delegation
            • Manage roles
              • Overview
              • Create a role
              • Grant a role to another role
              • Grant a role to a user
              • Activate or deactivate roles for a user
              • View roles
              • Modify a role
              • Revoke a role
              • Drop a role
            • Grant indirect privileges
            • View user privileges
            • Modify user privileges
            • Lock or unlock a user
            • Drop a user
        • Network security access control
        • RPC connection authentication
        • Row-level access control
      • Data transmission encryption
        • Overview
        • OBServer transmission encryption
        • ODP transmission encryption
      • Transparent data encryption
        • Overview
        • MySQL mode
          • Enable transparent data encryption for new tables
          • Enable transparent data encryption for existing tables
          • Decrypt a table
        • Oracle mode
          • Enable transparent data encryption for new tables
          • Enable transparent data encryption for existing tables
          • Decrypt a table
      • Security audit
        • Overview
        • Enable security audit
        • Set and view audit rules
        • View audit records
        • Audit user logon operations
        • Audit user operations
        • Audit specified database objects
    • Backup and restore
      • Introduction to physical backup and restore
      • Deploy NFS
      • Log archive
        • Overview
        • Prepare for log archiving
        • Enable ARCHIVELOG
        • Disable ARCHIVELOG
        • View information about pieces
        • View the archiving progress
        • View the archiving history
        • View the archiving parameter settings
        • Change the destination of log archiving
        • Views related to log archiving
      • Data backup
        • Preparations
        • Initiate a full data backup job
        • Initiate an incremental data backup job
        • Stop a backup job
        • View the data backup progress
        • View the data backup history
        • View data backup parameter settings
        • Change the backup destination
        • Views related to data backup
      • Clear backup data
        • Automatic cleanup of expired backups
        • Stop backup cleanup
        • Query the backup cleanup progress
        • Query the backup cleanup history
        • Backup cleanup parameter
        • Views related to backup cleanup
      • Restore data
        • Preparations
        • Perform a physical restore
        • Cancel physical restore
        • Query the restore progress
        • Query the restore result
        • Upgrade a tenant after restore
        • Convert a standby tenant into primary tenant
        • Replay logs to a standby tenant
        • Physical restore parameters
        • Views related to physical restore
    • Monitor
      • Overview
      • Metrics
        • System monitoring
          • Overview
          • Metrics
          • Wait events
          • Latch events
        • SQL monitoring
          • Overview
          • SQL audit
          • Execution plans
      • Cases
    • Logs
      • Overview
      • Log levels
      • Log stability
      • Log control
      • Log metrics
      • View logs
        • Search for the logs of a specific SQL request
        • Query the log of a previous SQL request by using the SQL Trace feature
    • Daily inspection
      • Overview
      • Check cluster parameters
      • Check the host status
      • Check tenant resource usage
      • Check cluster resource usage
      • Check the OBServer node status
      • Check the NTP offset
      • Deadlock detection
      • End-to-end tracing
        • Overview
        • Process
        • Methods
        • Show end-to-end tracing information
    • Performance tuning
      • Overview
      • Identify bottlenecks on a link
      • Identify bottlenecks within components
        • ODP performance bottlenecks
        • ODP performance analysis
        • OBServer performance bottlenecks
          • Overview
          • Non-optimal plan
            • Non-optimal plans
            • Buffer tables
            • Cardinality
          • Hard parsing
          • Capacity issues
          • Internal wait events
      • SQL tuning
        • Execution plan optimization
          • Statistics and cost-based optimization
            • Statistic information
              • Collect statistic information
                • Automatic statistics collection
        • Business logic optimization
          • Schema Specification
        • Locate and analyze slow queries (1)
        • Locate and analyze slow queries (II)
    • Troubleshooting
      • Overview
      • Bootstrap
      • Storage
        • Minor compaction and major compaction
        • Memory-related errors
        • Migration, replication, and rebuild tasks
      • Election
        • Election
        • Leader switchover exceptions
        • Absence of the leader
      • Transaction
        • Transaction-related errors
        • Transaction rollbacks
        • Long-running transactions
        • Suspended transactions
        • Idle transactions
      • Log synchronization-related errors
      • Troubleshoot SQL execution errors
      • Application error -- the error message does not contain an OceanBase error code
      • Application error -- the error message contains an OceanBase error code
    • Emergency response
      • Analysis, diagnostics, and decision-making process
      • Common emergency problem handling
        • Problems caused by capacity changes
          • High disk I/O on a node
          • Tenant memory full
  • Reference
    • System principles
      • Overall architecture of OceanBase Database
      • Development of OceanBase Database
      • Multi-tenant architecture
        • Overview
        • Compatibility modes
        • Tenants
        • Tenants and resource management
          • Tenant resource management
          • Multi-tenant resource isolation
          • Resource unit balancing
      • Database objects
        • Oracle mode
          • Introduction
            • Overview
            • Database object types
            • Database object storage
            • Dependencies between database objects
          • Tables
            • Overview
            • Data type
              • Overview
              • Character data types
              • Numeric data types
              • Date and time data types
              • Rowid data types
              • LOB data types
              • Format model
                • Overview
                • Number format models
                • Datetime format models
              • Multi-model data types
            • Integrity constraints
            • Table storage
            • Table compression
            • Partitioned table
            • Tables with and without a primary key
            • Temporary tables
          • Indexes
            • Overview
            • Local and global indexes
            • Unique and non-unique indexes
            • Index usage
            • Index storage
          • Partitions
            • Overview
            • Partitioning keys
            • Partitioning types
            • Partitioned indexes
          • Views
            • Overview
            • Data manipulation in views
            • Data access from views
            • Updatable views
          • Other objects
            • Sequences
            • Synonyms
          • System views
            • Dictionary views
            • Performance views
          • Data integrity
            • Data integrity overview
            • Integrity constraint type
              • Overview
              • NOT NULL constraints
              • UNIQUE constraints
              • PRIMARY KEY constraints
              • FOREIGN KEY constraints
              • CHECK constraints
            • Use of integrity constraints
        • MySQL mode
          • Introduction
            • Overview
            • Database object types
            • Database object storage
            • Dependencies between database objects
          • Tables
            • Overview
            • Data type
              • Overview
              • Numeric data types
              • Date and time data types
              • Character data types
              • LOB data types
              • Multi-model data types
              • Spatial data types
            • Integrity constraints
            • Table storage
            • Table compression
            • Partitioned table
            • Tables with and without a primary key
          • Indexes
            • Overview of indexes
            • Local and global indexes
            • Unique and non-unique indexes
            • Index usage
            • Index storage
          • Partitions
            • Overview
            • Partitioning keys
            • Partitioning types
            • Partitioned indexes
          • Views
            • Overview
            • Data manipulation in views
            • Data access from views
            • Updatable views
          • System views
            • Dictionary views
            • Performance views
          • Data integrity
            • Data integrity overview
            • Integrity constraint type
              • Overview
              • NOT NULL constraints
              • UNIQUE KEY constraints
              • PRIMARY KEY constraints
              • FOREIGN KEY constraints
            • Use of integrity constraints
      • Distributed database objects
        • Overview
        • Cluster architecture
        • Data partitions and replicas
          • Overview
          • Log streams
          • Partition replica type
            • Overview
            • Full-featured replica
          • Multi-replica consensus protocols
        • Dynamic scaling
          • Cluster scaling
          • Tenant resource scaling
            • Overview
            • Horizontal scaling of tenant resources
            • Vertical scaling of tenant resources
            • Cross-zone management of tenant resources
      • Data link
        • Overview
        • Database proxy
          • Overview
          • SQL routing
          • Connection management
          • ODP configuration management
          • Logs and monitoring
        • Database connector
          • Overview
          • OBCI
          • OceanBase Connector/J
          • OceanBase Connector/C
      • User interface and query language
        • SQL
          • Introduction
            • SQL overview
            • SQL data access
            • SQL standards
          • SQL statements
            • SQL statement overview
            • DDL statements
            • DML statements
            • DCL statements
          • Execution process of SQL queries
          • Query SQL execution plans
          • Distributed execution plan
            • Perform distributed execution and parallel queries
            • Generate distributed execution plans
            • Run and disable a parallel query
            • Manage distributed execution plans
            • Perform parameter tuning for a parallel query
        • PL
          • PL concepts
            • Oracle mode
              • Subprograms
              • Stored Procedures
              • Functions
              • Triggers
              • Packages
            • MySQL mode
              • Subprograms
              • Stored procedures
              • Functions
              • Triggers
          • PL subprogram execution mechanism
        • Client programming languages
      • Transaction management
        • Transaction
          • Overview
          • Transaction structure
          • Statement-level atomicity
          • GTS
          • Transaction control
            • Overview
            • Active transactions
            • Savepoint
            • Transaction control statements
              • MySQL transaction control
              • Oracle transaction control
          • Redo logs
          • Local transactions
          • Distributed transaction
            • Overview
            • Two-phase commit
          • XA transactions
        • Transaction concurrency and consistency
          • Overview
          • Multi-version read consistency
          • Concurrency control
            • Overview
            • Lock mechanism
          • Transaction isolation level
            • Overview
            • Transaction isolation levels in Oracle mode
            • Transaction isolation levels in MySQL mode
          • Weak consistency read
      • Storage architecture
        • Overview
        • Data storage
          • Overview
          • MemTables
          • SSTable
          • Compression and encoding
        • Compaction
          • Overview
          • Minor compaction
          • Merges
        • Multi-level caches
        • Query processing
        • Data integrity
          • Detect silent data corruption
      • Data reliability and high availability
        • High availability architecture
          • Overview
          • ODP high availability
          • Leader election in distributed systems
          • Multi-replica log synchronization
          • Paxos protocol
          • Automatic handling of node faults
        • Deployment solutions for disaster recovery
        • Data protection
          • Overview
          • Flashback queries
          • Recycle bin variables
        • Backup and restore
          • Overview
          • Backup directory structures
          • Backup architecture
          • Restore architecture
      • Database security
        • Overview
        • Authentication
        • Access control
        • Data transmission encryption
        • Data storage encryption
        • Monitoring and alert
        • Security audit
      • OBServer node architecture
        • Structure of the OBServer node working directory
        • Configuration files
        • observer thread model
          • Threads
          • Worker threads
          • Background threads
        • Logs
        • Memory management
          • Overview
          • Memory-related parameters
          • Memory-related views
          • Memory usage logs
          • Diagnose memory errors
    • System management
      • Configuration management
        • Overview
        • Set parameters
        • Set variables
        • General system parameters
        • Default production parameters
        • Minimum resource configurations
      • Storage management
        • Minor compaction management
          • Overview
          • Automatically trigger a minor compaction
          • Manually initiate a minor compaction
          • View the details of minor compactions
          • Modify minor compaction configurations
        • Major compaction management
          • Overview
          • Automatically trigger a major compaction
          • Configure scheduled major compactions
          • Adaptive major compaction
          • Manually initiate a major compaction
          • Manually control a major compaction
          • View the compaction process
          • Modify major compaction parameters
        • Data compression
          • Overview
          • Data encoding and compression
      • Memory management
        • Overview
        • Memory structure
        • Set the maximum memory for an OceanBase database
        • Manage internal system memory
        • Manage internal tenant memory
        • Manage the memory of the plan cache
        • Memleak-based regular memory leak diagnostics mechanism
        • Query memory usage information
        • Common memory issues
      • Process management
        • Overview
        • Multi-tenant threads of OceanBase Database
        • View the thread status
        • Background threads of OceanBase Database
        • FAQ about multi-tenant threads
      • Disk management
        • Configure automatic scale-out of disk space for data files
    • Database object management
      • Overview
      • MySQL mode
        • Create and manage databases
          • Create a database
          • View databases
          • Modify a database
          • Drop a database
        • Create and manage tables
          • Overview
          • Create a table
          • Define an auto-increment column
          • Define column constraints
          • Query the definition of a table
          • Modify a table
          • Empty a table
          • Drop a table
          • Lock a table
          • Create and manage external tables
            • Overview
            • Create an external table
            • Manage external files
        • Create and manage partitions
          • Overview
          • Create a partitioned table
          • Modify partitioning rules
          • Add a partition
          • Drop a partition
          • Truncate a partition
          • Partition pruning
          • Query data in specified partitions
          • Create indexes on partitioned tables
            • Overview
            • Local indexes
            • Global indexes
        • Create and manage table groups
          • Overview
          • Create a table group
          • Query information about a table group
          • Add tables to a table group
          • Modify the SHARDING attribute of a table group
          • Manage tables in a table group
          • Drop a table group
        • Create and manage indexes
          • Overview
          • Create an index
          • Query indexes
          • Drop an index
          • System functions supported for function-based indexes
          • System functions not supported for function-based indexes
        • Manage views
        • Create and manage sequences
          • Create a sequence
          • Query sequences
          • Reference a sequence
          • Modify a sequence
          • Drop a sequence
        • Create and manage triggers
          • Overview
          • Create a DML trigger
          • Query trigger information
          • Drop a trigger
        • Create and manage DBLinks
          • Create a DBLink
          • Query a DBLink
          • Use a DBLink to access data in a remote database
          • Drop a DBLink
      • Oracle mode
        • Create and manage tables
          • Overview
          • Create a table
          • Define column constraints
          • Query the definition of a table
          • Modify a table
          • Empty a table
          • Drop a table
          • Lock a table
          • Create and manage external tables
            • Overview
            • Create an external table
            • Manage external files
        • Create and manage partitions
          • Overview
          • Create a partitioned table
          • Modify partitioning rules
          • Add a partition
          • Drop a partition
          • Truncate a partition
          • Partition pruning
          • Query data in specified partitions
          • Create indexes on partitioned tables
            • Overview
            • Local indexes
            • Global indexes
        • Create and manage table groups
          • Overview
          • Create a table group
          • Query information about a table group
          • Add tables to a table group
          • Modify the SHARDING attribute of a table group
          • Manage tables in a table group
          • Drop a table group
        • Create and manage indexes
          • Overview
          • Create an index
          • Query indexes
          • Drop an index
          • System functions supported for function-based indexes
          • System functions not supported for function-based indexes
        • Manage views
        • Manage sequences
        • Manage synonyms
        • Create and manage triggers
          • Overview
          • Create a DML trigger
          • Create an INSTEAD OF trigger
          • Create a composite trigger
          • Modify and drop a trigger
          • Disable or enable a trigger
          • Query trigger information
        • Manage directory objects
        • Create and manage DBLinks
          • Create a DBLink
          • Query existing DBLinks
          • Use a DBLink to access data in a remote database
          • Use a DBLink to modify data in a remote database
          • Drop a DBLink
          • Install and configure OCI
    • Database design specifications and practices
      • Object naming conventions
        • Overview
        • Tenant naming conventions
        • User naming conventions
        • Table naming conventions
        • Field naming conventions
        • Other naming conventions
      • Object structure design specifications
        • Field design
        • Table structure design
        • Partitioned table design
        • Index design
        • Other structural designs
      • Character set specifications
      • Database connection specifications
      • Comments
      • ORM conventions
      • Exception handling
    • SQL reference
      • SQL syntax
        • System tenants
          • Overview
          • ALTER SYSTEM
            • ACTIVATE
            • ARCHIVELOG
            • ARBITRATION
            • BOOTSTRAP
            • BACKUP
            • BALANCE TASK
            • CANCEL MIGRATE UNIT
            • MERGE
            • MIGRATE UNIT
            • DELETE BACKUP
            • FAILOVER
            • FLUSH PLAN CACHE
            • JOB
            • LOG RESTORE SOURCE
            • PARAMETER
            • RECOVER
            • REFRESH
            • RESTORE
            • SERVER
            • SWITCHOVER
            • THROTTLE
            • ZONE
          • ALTER RESOURCE POOL
          • ALTER RESOURCE TENANT
          • ALTER RESOURCE UNIT
          • ALTER TENANT
          • CREATE RESOURCE POOL
          • CREATE RESOURCE UNIT
          • CREATE TENANT
          • DROP RESOURCE POOL
          • DROP RESOURCE UNIT
          • DROP TENANT
          • SET DECRYPTION
          • SET ENCRYPTION
        • User tenants (MySQL mode)
          • Basic elements
            • Data types
              • Overview
              • Numeric types
                • Overview
                • Integer data types
                • Fixed-point data types
                • Floating-point data types
                • Bit value data type
              • Date and time types
                • Overview
                • DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP types
                • TIME type
                • YEAR type
              • String types
                • Overview
                • CHAR and VARCHAR
                • BINARY and VARBINARY
              • Large objects and text types
                • Overview
                • BLOB types
                • TEXT types
              • ENUM type
              • SET type
              • JSON data types
                • Overview
                • Create a JSON value
                • Query and modify JSON values
                • Convert a JSON data type
              • Spatial data types
                • Overview
                • SRS
                • Create a spatial column
                • Create a spatial index
                • Spatial data formats
            • Expressions
              • Overview
              • Expression syntax
              • Convert data types in expression evaluation
            • Character set and collation
              • Overview
              • Character sets
              • Collations
              • Database-level character sets and collations
              • Table-level character sets and collations
              • Column-level character sets and collations
              • Character sets and collations for character expressions
              • Character sets and collations for client connection
            • Literals
              • Overview
              • Strings
              • Numbers
              • Date and time values
              • Bit values
              • Boolean values
              • NULLs
            • Schema object names
            • User-defined variables
            • Comments
          • Operators
            • Overview
            • Operator precedence
            • Arithmetic operators
            • Bitwise operators
            • Comparison operators
            • Logical operators
            • Assignment operators
            • Date and time operators
            • Concatenation operators
            • BINARY operator
            • CASE conditional operator
          • Sequence pseudocolumns
          • Functions
            • Overview
            • Single-row functions
              • Date and time functions
                • ADDDATE
                • CONVERT_TZ
                • CURDATE
                • CURRENT_DATE
                • CURRENT_TIME
                • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                • CURTIME
                • DATE
                • DATE_ADD
                • DATE_FORMAT
                • DATE_SUB
                • DATEDIFF
                • DAYOFMONTH
                • DAYOFWEEK
                • DAYOFYEAR
                • EXTRACT
                • FROM_DAYS
                • FROM_UNIXTIME
                • GET_FORMAT
                • HOUR
                • LAST_DAY
                • LOCALTIME
                • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                • MAKEDATE
                • MAKETIME
                • MICROSECOND
                • MINUTE
                • MONTH
                • MONTHNAME
                • NOW
                • PERIOD_ADD
                • PERIOD_DIFF
                • QUARTER
                • SEC_TO_TIME
                • SECOND
                • STR_TO_DATE
                • SUBDATE
                • SUBTIME
                • SYSDATE
                • TIME
                • TIME_FORMAT
                • TIME_TO_SEC
                • TIME_TO_USEC
                • TIMEDIFF
                • TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMPADD
                • TIMESTAMPDIFF
                • TO_DAYS
                • TO_SECONDS
                • UNIX_TIMESTAMP
                • USEC_TO_TIME
                • UTC_DATE
                • UTC_TIME
                • UTC_TIMESTAMP
                • WEEK
                • WEEKDAY
                • WEEKOFYEAR
                • YEARWEEK
                • YEAR
                • ADDTIME
                • DAYNAME
                • DAY
              • String functions
                • ASCII
                • BIN
                • BIT_LENGTH
                • CHAR
                • CHAR_LENGTH
                • CHARACTER_LENGTH
                • CONCAT
                • CONCAT_WS
                • ELT
                • EXPORT_SET
                • FIELD
                • FIND_IN_SET
                • FORMAT
                • HEX
                • INSERT
                • INSTR
                • INT2IP
                • IP2INT
                • LCASE
                • LEFT
                • LENGTH
                • LOCATE
                • LOWER
                • LPAD
                • LTRIM
                • MAKE_SET
                • MID
                • OCT
                • OCTET_LENGTH
                • ORD
                • POSITION
                • QUOTE
                • REGEXP
                • REGEXP_INSTR
                • REGEXP_LIKE
                • REGEXP_REPLACE
                • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                • REPEAT
                • REPLACE
                • REVERSE
                • RIGHT
                • RLIKE
                • RPAD
                • RTRIM
                • SPACE
                • STRCMP
                • SUBSTR
                • SUBSTRING
                • SUBSTRING_INDEX
                • TRIM
                • UCASE
                • UNHEX
                • UPPER
                • WEIGHT_STRING
                • TO_BASE64
                • FROM_BASE64
                • SOUNDEX
              • Conversion functions
                • CAST
                • CONVERT
                • SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
              • Mathematical functions
                • ABS
                • ACOS
                • ASIN
                • ATAN
                • ATAN2
                • BIT_COUNT
                • CEIL
                • CEILING
                • CONV
                • COS
                • COT
                • CRC32
                • DEGREES
                • EXP
                • FLOOR
                • GENERATOR
                • LN
                • LOG
                • LOG10
                • LOG2
                • MOD
                • NEG
                • NORMAL
                • PI
                • POW
                • POWER
                • RADIANS
                • RAND
                • RANDOM
                • RANDSTR
                • ROUND
                • SIGN
                • SIN
                • SQRT
                • TAN
                • TRUNCATE
                • UNIFORM
                • ZIPF
              • Comparison functions
                • GREATEST
                • INTERVAL
                • ISNULL
                • LEAST
              • Process control functions
                • CASE
                • IF
                • IFNULL
                • NULLIF
                • ORA_DECODE
            • Aggregate functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • COUNT
              • GROUP_CONCAT
              • GROUPING
              • MAX
              • MIN
              • STD
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
            • Analysis functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • COUNT
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • FIRST_VALUE
              • LAG
              • LAST_VALUE
              • LEAD
              • MAX
              • MIN
              • NTH_VALUE
              • NTILE
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • RANK
              • ROW_NUMBER
              • STD
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
            • Encryption functions
              • AES_DECRYPT
              • AES_ENCRYPT
              • COMPRESS
              • DECODE
              • DES_DECRYPT
              • DES_ENCRYPT
              • ENCODE
              • ENCRYPT
              • MD5
              • UNCOMPRESS
              • UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH
              • RANDOM_BYTES
              • SHA
              • SHA1
              • SHA2
              • VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH
            • Information functions
              • BENCHMARK
              • CHARSET
              • COERCIBILITY
              • COLLATION
              • CONNECTION_ID
              • CURRENT_USER
              • DATABASE
              • FOUND_ROWS
              • LAST_INSERT_ID
              • ICU_VERSION
              • ROW_COUNT
              • SCHEMA
              • SESSION_USER
              • SYSTEM_USER
              • USER
              • VERSION
              • OB_VERSION
            • JSON functions
              • Create JSON text functions
                • JSON_ARRAY
                • JSON_OBJECT
                • JSON_QUOTE
              • Search JSON text functions
                • JSON_CONTAINS
                • JSON_CONTAINS_PATH
                • JSON_EXTRACT
                • JSON_KEYS
                • JSON_OVERLAPS
                • JSON_SEARCH
                • JSON_VALUE
                • MEMBER OF
              • Modify JSON text functions
                • JSON_ARRAY_APPEND
                • JSON_ARRAY_INSERT
                • JSON_INSERT
                • JSON_MERGE
                • JSON_MERGE_PATCH
                • JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE
                • JSON_REMOVE
                • JSON_REPLACE
                • JSON_SET
                • JSON_UNQUOTE
              • Return JSON text property functions
                • JSON_DEPTH
                • JSON_LENGTH
                • JSON_TYPE
                • JSON_VALID
              • JSON utility functions
                • JSON_PRETTY
                • JSON_STORAGE_SIZE
              • JSON aggregate functions
                • JSON_ARRAYAGG
                • JSON_OBJECTAGG
            • Spatial functions
              • Functions that create geometry values
              • Spatial operation functions
              • Spatial relation functions
              • Geometry property functions
              • Geometry format conversion functions
            • Performance schema functions
              • FORMAT_BYTES
              • FORMAT_PICO_TIM
            • Other functions
              • ANY_VALUE
              • BIN_TO_UUID
              • COALESCE
              • DEFAULT
              • NAME_CONST
              • INET_ATON
              • INET_NTOA
              • INET6_ATON
              • INET6_NTOA
              • IS_IPV4
              • IS_IPV4_COMPAT
              • IS_IPV6
              • IS_UUID
              • NVL
              • UUID_TO_BIN
              • SLEEP
              • UUID
              • UUID_SHORT
              • VALUES
          • Queries and subqueries
            • Overview
            • Subqueries
            • Joins
          • SQL statements
            • General syntax
            • Common Table Expressions
            • ALTER DATABASE
            • ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE
            • ALTER OUTLINE
            • ALTER SEQUENCE
            • MERGE
            • ALTER TABLE
            • ALTER TABLEGROUP
            • ALTER USER
            • ALTER VIEW
            • ANALYZE
            • CREATE DATABASE LINK
            • CREATE DATABASE
            • CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE
            • CREATE INDEX
            • CREATE OUTLINE
            • DROP RESTORE POINT
            • CREATE SEQUENCE
            • CREATE TABLE
            • CREATE TABLEGROUP
            • CREATE USER
            • CREATE VIEW
            • DEALLOCATE PREPARE
            • DROP DATABASE LINK
            • DELETE
            • DESCRIBE
            • DROP DATABASE
            • DROP INDEX
            • DROP OUTLINE
            • DROP TABLE
            • DROP TABLEGROUP
            • DROP SEQUENCE
            • DROP USER
            • DROP VIEW
            • EXECUTE
            • EXPLAIN
            • FLASHBACK
            • GRANT
            • HELP
            • INSERT
            • KILL
            • LOAD DATA
            • LOCK TABLES
            • MERGE
            • OPTIMIZE
            • PREPARE
            • PURGE
            • PURGE RECYCLEBIN
            • RENAME USER
            • RENAME TABLE
            • REPLACE
            • REVOKE
            • SAVEPOINT
            • SCHEMA
            • SELECT INTO
            • SELECT
              • SELECT statement
              • JOIN clause
              • OVER clause
              • UNION clause
            • SET
            • SET CHARSET
            • SET NAMES
            • SET PASSWORD
            • SET TRANSACTION
            • SHOW
            • TRANSACTION
            • TRUNCATE TABLE
            • UPDATE
            • USE
          • DDL feature
            • Overview
            • Index operations
            • Primary key operations
            • Column operations
            • Generated column operations
            • Foreign key operations
            • Table operations
            • Partition operations
            • Column type change rules
        • User tenants (Oracle mode)
          • Introduction to SQL
          • Pseudo columns
            • Overview
            • Hierarchical query pseudocolumns
            • Sequence pseudocolumns
            • ORA_ROWSCN pseudocolumn
            • ROWNUM pseudocolumn
            • ROWID pseudocolumn
          • Basic elements
            • Built-in data types
              • Overview
              • Character data types
                • Overview
                • CHAR data type
                • NCHAR data type
                • NVARCHAR2 data type
                • VARCHAR2 data type
                • VARCHAR data type
              • Numeric data types
                • Overview
                • NUMBER data type
                • FLOAT data type
                • Floating-point numbers
                • Precedence of numeric data types
              • Date, time, and interval data types
                • Overview
                • DATE data type
                • TIMESTAMP data type
                • TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE data type
                • TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE data type
                • INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH data type
                • INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND data type
                • Calculation of dates, timestamps, and intervals
              • RAW data type
              • Large object data types
                • Overview
                • BLOB data type
                • CLOB data type
              • Rowid data types
              • User-defined data types
              • Any types
              • JSON data types
                • Overview
                • Create JSON columns
                • Query JSON data
                • Conversion rules for JSON data types
              • XML data types
                • Overview
                • XML data definition
                • Create an XMLType column
                • Query XMLType data
                • Convert XMLType data
            • Data type comparison rules
              • Overview
              • Numeric value comparison rules
              • Date value comparison rules
              • Character value comparison rules
              • Data type precedence
              • Data type conversion rules
              • Security considerations for data conversion
            • Literals
              • Overview
              • Text literals
              • Numeric literals
              • Date and time literals
                • Date literals
                • Timestamp literals
              • Interval literals
            • Format model
              • Overview
              • Number format models
              • Datetime format models
              • RR datetime format element
              • String-to-date conversion rules
            • NULL value
              • Overview
              • NULLs in SQL functions
              • NULLs in comparison conditions
              • NULLs in conditional expressions
            • Annotations
              • Overview
              • Comments within SQL statements
              • Comments on schema and nonschema objects
              • Hints
                • Overview
                • Hint list
                  • Hints related to access path
                  • Hints related to join orders
                  • Hints related to joins
                  • Hints related to parallel execution
                  • Hints related to query strategy
                  • Hints related to query conversion
                  • Other hints
            • Database objects
              • Schema objects
              • Non-schema objects
            • Database naming conventions
              • Overview
              • Suggestions on schema object names
            • Database object reference methods
              • Overview
              • Reference schema objects
              • Reference objects in a remote database
                • Create a DBLink
                • Reference a DBLink
              • Reference partitioned tables and indexes
              • Reference an attribute or method of an object type
            • Character sets and collations
          • Operators
            • Overview
            • Operator precedence
            • Arithmetic operators
            • Concatenation operator
            • Hierarchical query operators
            • Set operators
            • COLLATE operator
          • Functions
            • Overview
            • Single-row functions
              • Numeric functions
                • ABS
                • ACOS
                • ASIN
                • ATAN
                • ATAN2
                • BITAND
                • CEIL
                • COS
                • COSH
                • EXP
                • FLOOR
                • GENERATOR
                • LN
                • LOG
                • MOD
                • NANVL
                • NORMAL
                • POWER
                • REMAINDER
                • ROUND
                • RANDOM
                • RANDSTR
                • SIGN
                • SIN
                • SINH
                • SQRT
                • TAN
                • TANH
                • TRUNC
                • UNIFORM
                • WIDTH_BUCKET
                • ZIPF
              • String functions that return a string
                • CHR
                • CONCAT
                • INITCAP
                • LOWER
                • LPAD
                • LTRIM
                • NLS_LOWER
                • NLSSORT
                • NLS_UPPER
                • REGEXP_REPLACE
                • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                • REPLACE
                • RPAD
                • RTRIM
                • SUBSTR
                • TRANSLATE
                • TRANSLATE ... USING
                • TRIM
                • UPPER
              • String functions that return numbers
                • ASCII
                • INSTR
                • LENGTH
                • REGEXP_COUNT
                • REGEXP_INSTR
              • Date and time functions
                • ADD_MONTHS
                • CURRENT_DATE
                • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                • DBTIMEZONE
                • EXTRACT(datetime)
                • FROM_TZ
                • LAST_DAY
                • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                • MONTHS_BETWEEN
                • NEXT_DAY
                • NUMTODSINTERVAL
                • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
                • ROUND(date)
                • SESSIONTIMEZONE
                • SYS_EXTRACT_UTC
                • SYSDATE
                • SYSTIMESTAMP
                • TO_CHAR(datetime)
                • TO_DSINTERVAL
                • TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
                • TO_YMINTERVAL
                • TRUNC(date)
                • TZ_OFFSET
              • Generic comparison functions
                • GREATEST
                • LEAST
              • Conversion functions
                • ASCIISTR
                • CAST
                • CHARTOROWID
                • CONVERT
                • HEXTORAW
                • NUMTODSINTERVAL
                • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
                • RAWTOHEX
                • ROWIDTOCHAR
                • ROWIDTONCHAR
                • SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
                • TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
                • TO_BINARY_FLOAT
                • TO_BLOB
                • TO_CHAR(character)
                • TO_CHAR(datetime)
                • TO_CHAR(number)
                • TO_CLOB
                • TO_DATE
                • TO_DSINTERVAL
                • TO_MULTI_BYTE
                • TO_NUMBER
                • TO_NCHAR(character)
                • TO_NCHAR(datetime)
                • TO_NCHAR(number)
                • TO_SINGLE_BYTE
                • TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
                • TO_YMINTERVAL
                • UNISTR
              • Encoding and decoding functions
                • DECODE
                • DUMP
                • ORA_HASH
                • VSIZE
              • Null value related functions
                • COALESCE
                • LNNVL
                • NANVL
                • NULLIF
                • NVL
                • NVL2
              • Environment and identifier functions
                • SYS_CONTEXT
                • SYS_GUID
                • UID
                • USER
                • USERENV
                • OB_VERSION
              • Hierarchical functions
                • SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH
              • JSON functions
                • Overview
                • Create JSON text functions
                  • JSON_ARRAY
                  • JSON_OBJECT
                  • JSON_ARRAYAGG
                  • JSON_OBJECTAGG
                • Query JSON text functions
                  • JSON_VALUE
                  • JSON_QUERY
                  • JSON_EXISTS
                  • JSON_TABLE
                • Validate JSON text functions
                  • JSON_EQUAL
                • Modify JSON text functions
                  • JSON_MERGEPATCH
              • XML functions
                • Overview
                • Construct XMLType data functions
                  • XMLAGG
                  • XMLATTRIBUTES
                  • XMLELEMENT
                  • XMLPARSE
                • Query XMLType data functions
                  • EXTRACT
                  • EXTRACT VALUE
                  • XMLSERIALIZE
                  • XMLCAST
                • Modify XMLType data functions
                  • UPDATEXML
            • Aggregate functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • CORR
              • COUNT
              • COVAR_POP
              • COVAR_SAMP
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • GROUPING
              • KEEP
              • LISTAGG
              • MAX
              • MEDIAN
              • MIN
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • PERCENTILE_CONT
              • PERCENTILE_DISC
              • RANK
              • REGR_(Linear Regression)
              • ROLLUP
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
            • Analysis functions
              • Analytic functions
              • AVG
              • CORR
              • COUNT
              • COVAR_POP
              • COVAR_SAMP
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • FIRST_VALUE
              • KEEP
              • LAG
              • LAST_VALUE
              • LEAD
              • LISTAGG
              • MAX
              • MEDIAN
              • MIN
              • NTILE
              • NTH_VALUE
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • PERCENTILE_CONT
              • PERCENTILE_DISC
              • RANK
              • RATIO_TO_REPORT
              • REGR_(Linear Regression)
              • ROW_NUMBER
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
          • Expressions
            • Overview
            • Simple expressions
            • Compound expressions
            • Case expressions
            • Column expressions
            • CURSOR expressions
            • Datetime expressions
            • Function expressions
            • Interval expressions
            • Scalar subquery expressions
            • Type constructor expressions
            • Expression list
          • Conditions
            • Overview
            • Condition precedence
            • Comparison conditions
            • Floating-point conditions
            • Logical conditions
            • Pattern-matching conditions
            • Null conditions
            • Compound conditions
            • BETWEEN condition
            • EXISTS condition
            • IN condition
          • Queries and subqueries
            • Overview
            • Simple query
            • Hierarchical query
            • Compound query
            • Join query
            • Subquery
            • DUAL table query
          • SQL statements
            • DDL
              • ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE
              • ALTER INDEX
              • ALTER KEYSTORE
              • ALTER OUTLINE
              • ALTER PROFILE
              • ALTER ROLE
              • ALTER SEQUENCE
              • ALTER SESSION
              • ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH PLAN CACHE
              • ALTER SYSTEM PARAMETER
              • ALTER TABLE
              • ALTER TABLEGROUP
              • ALTER USER
              • CREATE CONTEXT
              • CREATE DIRECTORY
              • CREATE DATABASE LINK
              • CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE
              • CREATE INDEX
              • CREATE KEYSTORE
              • CREATE OUTLINE
              • CREATE PROFILE
              • CREATE ROLE
              • CREATE SEQUENCE
              • CREATE SYNONYM
              • CREATE TABLE
              • CREATE TABLEGROUP
              • CREATE TABLESPACE
              • CREATE USER
              • CREATE VIEW
              • DROP CONTEXT
              • DROP DATABASE LINK
              • DROP DIRECTORY
              • DROP INDEX
              • DROP OUTLINE
              • DROP PROFILE
              • DROP ROLE
              • DROP SEQUENCE
              • DROP SYNONYM
              • DROP TABLE
              • DROP TABLEGROUP
              • DROP TABLESPACE
              • DROP USER
              • DROP VIEW
              • RENAME
              • TRUNCATE TABLE
              • ALTER SYSTEM MAJOR FREEZE
            • DML
              • DELETE
              • INSERT
              • MERGE
              • PURGE
              • EXPLAIN
              • SELECT
                • SIMPLE SELECT
                • Set-based SELECT
                • WITH CLAUSE
              • UPDATE
            • DCL
              • ANALYZE
              • AUDIT
              • COMMENT
              • COMMIT
              • FLASHBACK TABLE BEFORE DROP
              • GRANT
              • KILL
              • LOAD DATA
              • LOCK TABLE
              • REVOKE
              • ROLLBACK
              • SAVEPOINT
              • SET NAMES
              • SET PASSWORD
              • SET ROLE
              • SET VARIABLE
              • SHOW
              • SHRINK
              • TRANSACTION
          • DDL feature
            • Overview
            • Index operations
            • Primary key operations
            • Column operations
            • Generated column operations
            • Foreign key operations
            • Table operations
            • Partition operations
            • Column type change rules
      • SQL specifications and practices
        • Limitations on writing SQL statements
        • SQL writing specifications
          • SELECT statements
          • DML statements
          • Multi-table join statements
          • Table scan
          • Transactions
          • Cache
          • Hint
          • Other specifications
        • SQL statement examples
          • Implicit data type conversion
          • JOIN tables
          • Weak consistency read
          • Pagination queries
      • PL reference
        • What is PL
          • Overview
          • Main features of PL
          • PL architecture
        • PL reference (MySQL mode)
          • Syntax of PL stored programs
          • PL stored procedures
            • Overview
            • Variables in stored programs
            • Stored procedures
            • Stored functions
            • Trigger
            • Limitations on stored programs
          • PL cursors
            • Overview
            • Cursor execution process
            • Limitations on server cursors
          • PL conditional control statements
            • CASE
            • IF
            • ITERATE
            • LEAVE
            • LOOP
            • REPEAT
            • RETURN
            • WHILE
          • PL data manipulation statements
            • CALL
            • DO
          • PL data definition statements
            • ALTER FUNCTION
            • ALTER PROCEDURE
            • CREATE FUNCTION
            • CREATE PROCEDURE
            • CREATE TRIGGER
            • DROP FUNCTION
            • DROP PROCEDURE
            • DROP TRIGGER
          • PL database management statements
            • SHOW CREATE FUNCTION
            • SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE
            • SHOW CREATE TRIGGER
            • SHOW FUNCTION STATUS
            • SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS
            • SHOW TRIGGERS
          • PL related dictionary views
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARAMETERS
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS
          • PL exception handling
            • Overview
            • DECLARE ... CONDITION
            • DECLARE ... HANDLER
            • GET DIAGNOSTICS
            • RESIGNAL
            • SIGNAL
            • Effective scope of an exception handler
            • Diagnostics area
            • Exception handling and OUT/INOUT parameters
            • Limitations on exception handling
          • PL system packages
            • Overview
            • DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • CREATE_PLAN
              • CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • DELETE_PLAN
              • DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
              • UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • DBMS_STATS
              • Overview
              • ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • CREATE_STAT_TABLE
              • DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
              • DELETE_INDEX_STATS
              • DELETE_TABLE_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
              • DROP_STAT_TABLE
              • EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
              • GATHER_INDEX_STATS
              • GATHER_TABLE_STATS
              • GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • GET_PARAM
              • GET_PREFS
              • IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
              • RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
              • PURGE_STATS
              • SET_COLUMN_STATS
              • SET_INDEX_STATS
              • SET_TABLE_STATS
              • SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
              • SET_PARAM
              • SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • SET_TABLE_PREFS
              • UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
            • DBMS_UDR
              • Overview
              • CREATE_RULE
              • DISABLE_RULE
              • ENABLE_RULE
              • REMOVE_RULE
            • DBMS_XPLAN
              • Overview
              • DISPLAY_ACTIVE_SESSION_PLAN
              • DISPLAY_CURSOR
              • DISPLAY
              • DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • DISPLAY_SQL_PLAN_BASELINE
              • ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
          • Reserved and non-reserved PL keywords
        • PL reference (Oracle mode)
          • PL language basics
            • Character sets
            • Lexical units
            • Declare
            • Reference identifiers
            • Scope and visibility of identifiers
            • Assign values
            • Expressions
            • PL blocks
            • Subprograms
            • Error-reporting functions
          • PL data types
            • Overview
            • SQL data types
            • LOB data types
            • BOOLEAN type
            • User-defined subtypes
            • PLS_INTEGER and BINARY_INTEGER
            • Arrays
            • PL JSON data types
          • PL process control
            • Overview
            • Conditional control
            • Loop control
            • Sequential control
          • PL collections and records
            • Overview
            • Collections
            • Associative arrays
            • Varrays
            • Nested tables
            • Collection constructor function
            • Collection methods
              • Overview
              • DELETE method
              • TRIM method
              • EXTEND method
              • EXISTS method
              • FIRST and LAST methods
              • COUNT method
              • LIMIT method
              • PRIOR and NEXT methods
            • Records
            • Insert records into a table and update a table by using records
            • Create and call a subprogram with record type parameters
          • PL static SQL
            • Overview
            • Cursors
              • Overview
              • Cursor attributes
              • Implicit cursors
              • Explicit cursors
              • Cursor variables
              • Traverse cursor data by using the FOR loop
              • Modify and drop a cursor
            • Transaction processing and control
            • Autonomous transactions
              • Overview
              • Control autonomous transactions
              • Autonomous triggers
              • Call autonomous functions from SQL statements
          • PL dynamic SQL
            • Overview
            • Execute dynamic SQL statements
            • DBMS_SQL system package
          • PL stored procedures and functions
            • Overview
            • Create a stored procedure
            • Create a function
            • Manage stored procedures and functions
            • Privilege control
            • Pipeline functions
              • Overview
              • Create a pipelined table function
              • Application
            • User-defined functions
              • Overview
              • Interface for user-defined aggregate functions
              • Create user-defined aggregate functions
              • Use user-defined aggregate functions
            • Collection of stored procedure information and its impact on parallel SQL execution
          • PL triggers
            • Overview
            • Create a DML trigger
            • Modify and drop a trigger
            • Disable or enable a trigger
            • Query trigger information
            • INSTEAD OF DML trigger
            • Compound DML trigger
          • PL packages
            • Overview
            • Create a program package
            • Overloaded programs in a package
            • Manage program packages
            • Definition of the PL environment by the STANDARD package
          • PL exception handling
            • Overview
            • Compile-time alerts
            • Exception types
            • Exception handling processes
          • DDL operations on stored PL units
            • Overview
            • ALTER FUNCTION
            • ALTER PACKAGE
            • ALTER PROCEDURE
            • ALTER TRIGGER
            • ALTER TYPE
            • CREATE FUNCTION
            • CREATE PACKAGE
            • CREATE PACKAGE BODY
            • CREATE PROCEDURE
            • CREATE TRIGGER
            • CREATE TYPE
            • CREATE TYPE BODY
            • DROP FUNCTION
            • DROP PACKAGE
            • DROP PROCEDURE
            • DROP TRIGGER
            • DROP TYPE
            • DROP TYPE BODY
          • PL label security package
            • Overview
            • SA_SYSDBA policy management package
              • Overview
              • SA_SYSDBA.ALTER_POLICY
              • SA_SYSDBA.CREATE_POLICY
              • SA_SYSDBA.DROP_POLICY
            • SA_COMPONENTS label component package
              • Overview
              • SA_COMPONENTS.ALTER_LEVEL
              • SA_COMPONENTS.CREATE_LEVEL
              • SA_COMPONENTS.DROP_LEVEL
            • SA_LABEL_ADMIN label management package
              • Overview
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.ALTER_LABEL
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.CREATE_LABEL
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.DROP_LABEL
            • SA_POLICY_ADMIN policy management package
              • Overview
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.APPLY_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.DISABLE_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.ENABLE_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.REMOVE_TABLE_POLICY
            • SA_USER_ADMIN user label management package
              • Overview
              • SA_USER_ADMIN.SET_LEVELS
            • SA_SESSION session management package
              • Overview
              • SA_SESSION.LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.RESTORE_DEFAULT_LABELS
              • SA_SESSION.ROW_LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.SET_LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.SET_ROW_LABEL
          • PL system package (Oracle mode)
            • Overview
            • DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO
              • Overview
              • READ_CLIENT_INFO
              • READ_MODULE
              • SET_ACTION
              • SET_CLIENT_INFO
              • SET_MODULE
            • DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT
              • Overview
              • CLEAN_AUDIT_TRAIL
              • CREATE_PURGE_JOB
              • DROP_PURGE_JOB
              • SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP
              • SET_PURGE_JOB_STATUS
            • DBMS_CRYPTO
              • Overview
              • ENCRYPT
              • DECRYPT
              • HASH
            • DBMS_DEBUG
              • Overview
              • ATTACH_SESSION
              • CONTINUE
              • DEBUG_ON
              • DEBUG_OFF
              • DETACH_SESSION
              • DELETE_BREAKPOINT
              • DISABLE_BREAKPOINT
              • ENABLE_BREAKPOINT
              • GET_VALUE
              • GET_VALUES
              • GET_RUNTIME_INFO
              • GET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
              • INITIALIZE
              • PROBE_VERSION
              • PRINT_BACKTRACE
              • SET_TIMEOUT
              • SET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
              • SET_BREAKPOINT
              • SHOW_BREAKPOINTS
            • DBMS_DESCRIBE
              • Overview
              • DESCRIBE_PROCEDURE
            • DBMS_JOB
              • Overview
              • BROKEN
              • CHANGE
              • ZONE
              • INTERVAL
              • NEXT_DATE
              • REMOVE
              • RUN
              • SUBMIT
              • USER_EXPORT
              • WHAT
            • DBMS_LOB
              • Overview
              • APPEND
              • CLOSE
              • COPY
              • CREATETEMPORARY
              • ERASE
              • FREETEMPORARY
              • GETLENGTH
              • ISOPEN
              • INSTR
              • OPEN
              • READ
              • SUBSTR
              • TRIM
              • WRITE
              • WRITEAPPEND
            • DBMS_LOCK
              • Overview
              • SLEEP
            • DBMS_METADATA
              • Overview
              • GET_DDL
            • DBMS_OUTPUT
              • Overview
              • DISABLE
              • ENABLE
              • GET_LINE
              • GET_LINES
              • NEW_LINE
              • PUT
              • PUT_LINE
            • DBMS_PLAN_CACHE
              • Overview
              • PURGE
            • DBMS_RANDOM
              • Overview
              • INITIALIZE
              • NORMAL
              • RANDOM
              • SEED
              • STRING
              • TERMINATE
              • VALUE
            • DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • CREATE_PLAN
              • CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • DELETE_PLAN
              • DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
              • UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • DBMS_SCHEDULER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_JOB
              • CREATE_PROGRAM
              • DEFINE_PROGRAM_ARGUMENT
              • DISABLE
              • DROP_JOB
              • DROP_PROGRAM
              • ENABLE
              • GENERATE_JOB_NAME
              • RUN_JOB
              • SET_ATTRIBUTE
              • SET_JOB_ARGUMENT_VALUE
            • DBMS_SESSION
              • Overview
              • CLEAR_ALL_CONTEXT
              • CLEAR_CONTEXT
              • CLEAR_IDENTIFIER
              • RESET_PACKAGE
              • SET_CONTEXT
              • SET_IDENTIFIER
            • DBMS_SQL
              • Overview
              • BIND_VARIABLE
              • CLOSE_CURSOR
              • COLUMN_VALUE
              • DEFINE_COLUMN
              • DEFINE_ARRAY
              • DESCRIBE_COLUMNS
              • EXECUTE
              • EXECUTE_AND_FETCH
              • FETCH_ROWS
              • IS_OPEN
              • LAST_ERROR_POSITION
              • OPEN_CURSOR
              • PARSE
            • DBMS_STATS
              • Overview
              • ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • CREATE_STAT_TABLE
              • DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
              • DELETE_INDEX_STATS
              • DELETE_TABLE_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
              • DROP_STAT_TABLE
              • EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
              • GATHER_INDEX_STATS
              • GATHER_TABLE_STATS
              • GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • GET_PARAM
              • GET_PREFS
              • IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
              • RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
              • PURGE_STATS
              • SET_COLUMN_STATS
              • SET_INDEX_STATS
              • SET_TABLE_STATS
              • SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
              • SET_PARAM
              • SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • SET_TABLE_PREFS
              • UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
            • DBMS_UDR
              • Overview
              • CREATE_RULE
              • DISABLE_RULE
              • ENABLE_RULE
              • REMOVE_RULE
            • DBMS_UTILITY
              • Overview
              • ACTIVE_INSTANCES
              • COMMA_TO_TABLE
              • CURRENT_INSTANCE
              • DB_VERSION
              • FORMAT_CALL_STACK
              • FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE
              • FORMAT_ERROR_STACK
              • GET_ENDIANNESS
              • GET_HASH_VALUE
              • GET_PARAMETER_VALUE
              • GET_SQL_HASH
              • GET_TIME
              • IS_BIT_SET
              • IS_CLUSTER_DATABASE
              • NAME_RESOLVE
              • NAME_TOKENIZE
              • OLD_CURRENT_SCHEMA
              • OLD_CURRENT_USER
              • PORT_STRING
              • TABLE_TO_COMMA
            • DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY
              • Overview
              • ASH_REPORT
            • DBMS_XA
              • Overview
              • DBMS_XA constants
              • DBMS_XA_XID object type
              • DIST_TXN_SYNC
              • XA_COMMIT
              • XA_END
              • XA_FORGET
              • XA_GETLASTOER
              • XA_PREPARE
              • XA_RECOVER
              • XA_ROLLBACK
              • XA_SETTIMEOUT
              • XA_START
            • DBMS_XMLGEN
              • Overview
              • CONVERT
            • DBMS_XPLAN
              • Overview
              • DISPLAY_ACTIVE_SESSION_PLAN
              • DISPLAY_CURSOR
              • DISPLAY
              • DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • DISPLAY_SQL_PLAN_BASELINE
              • ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
            • ODCIConst
              • Overview
              • ODCIArgDesc.ArgType
              • ODCIEnv.CallProperty
              • ODCIEnv.Envflags
              • ODCIIndexAlter
              • ODCIIndexAlter parameter alter_option
              • ODCIIndexInfo.IndexInfoFlags
              • ODCIIndexInfo.IndexParaDegree
              • ODCIPredInfo.Flags
              • ODCIQueryInfo.Flags
              • ODCIStatsOptions.Flags
              • ODCIStatsOptions.Options
              • Return Status
              • ScnFlg
            • UTL_ENCODE
              • Overview
              • BASE64_DECODE
              • BASE64_ENCODE
            • UTL_FILE
              • Overview
              • FCLOSE
              • FFLUSH
              • FOPEN
              • FGETPOS
              • FREMOVE
              • FRENAME
              • FSEEK
              • NEW_LINE
              • GET_LINE
              • PUT
              • PUT_LINE
            • UTL_I18N
              • Overview
              • RAW_TO_CHAR
              • STRING_TO_RAW
            • UTL_RAW
              • Overview
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_COMPLEMENT
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_DOUBLE
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_FLOAT
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_INTEGER
              • CAST_FROM_NUMBER
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_FLOAT
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_INTEGER
              • CAST_TO_NUMBER
              • CAST_TO_RAW
              • CAST_TO_VARCHAR2
              • COMPARE
              • CONCAT
              • COPIES
              • LENGTH
              • REVERSE
              • SUBSTR
            • ANYDATA TYPE
              • Overview
              • BEGINCREATE static procedure
              • ENDCREATE member procedure
              • GET* member functions
              • GETTYPE member function
              • GETTYPENAME member function
              • PIECEWISE member procedure
              • SET* member procedures
            • XMLType
              • Overview
              • CREATEXML
              • GETCLOBVAL
              • GETSTRINGVAL
              • TRANSFORM
              • XMLTYPE
          • Reserved PL keywords
      • Reserved keywords (MySQL mode)
      • Reserved keywords (Oracle mode)
    • Multi-model API
      • TableAPI
        • Introduction
          • Implementation of TableAPI
          • Differences between replace and insert_or_update
          • TableAPI data models
        • Use the TableAPI client
          • Introduction to the client and instructions for use
          • Set client parameters
          • An example of client use
        • FAQ
      • HBaseAPI
        • HBaseAPI solution introduction
        • HBaseAPI storage model
        • Usage instructions of the HBaseAPI client
    • System views
      • Overview
      • Overview of system views
      • Changes in views in OceanBase Database V3.x and V4.x
      • SYS tenant views
        • Dictionary views
          • information_schema.CHARACTER_SETS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_CONFIGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNITS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SEQUENCE_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESOURCE_POOLS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ROOTSERVICE_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS_V$
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINE_CONCURRENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_SYS_VARIABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_COLUMN_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_MANAGEMENT_CONFIG
          • information_schema.QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • oceanbase.DBA_SEQUENCES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USER_DEFINED_RULES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CLUSTER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RSRC_IO_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLANS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATA_DICTIONARY_IN_LOG
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATA_DICTIONARY_IN_LOG
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TASK_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_STAT_STALE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.ALL_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TRANSFER_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TRANSFER_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ACCESS_POINT
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ACCESS_POINT
          • oceanbase.DBA_DB_LINKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TENANT_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_EVENT_HISTORY
        • Performance views
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • GV$OB_KVCACHE
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          • GV$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • GV$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_SERVERS
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • GV$OB_UNITS
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • GV$SESSION_EVENT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • GV$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • GV$SESSTAT
          • GV$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
          • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$LATCH
          • GV$OB_MEMORY
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • GV$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
          • GV$OB_RPC_INCOMING
          • GV$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • GV$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • GV$DML_STATS
          • GV$SESSION_LONGOPS
          • GV$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • GV$OB_PS_STAT
          • GV$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • GV$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • GV$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • GV$OB_MERGE_INFO
          • GV$OB_SSTABLES
          • GV$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • V$OB_KVCACHE
          • V$OB_PARAMETERS
          • V$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • V$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • V$OB_SERVERS
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • V$OB_UNITS
          • V$STATNAME
          • V$EVENT_NAME
          • V$SESSION_WAIT
          • V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • V$SESSTAT
          • V$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • V$OB_MEMORY
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • V$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • V$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
          • V$OB_RPC_INCOMING
          • V$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • V$SESSION_LONGOPS
          • V$LATCH
          • V$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • V$OB_PS_STAT
          • V$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • V$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • V$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • V$OB_MERGE_INFO
          • V$SQL_MONITOR_STATNAME
          • V$OB_ENCRYPTED_TABLES
          • V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES
          • V$OB_SSTABLES
          • V$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • GV$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
          • V$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
          • GV$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
          • V$SYSSTAT
          • V$SESSION_EVENT
          • V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$DML_STATS
          • GV$OB_LOG_STAT
          • V$OB_LOG_STAT
          • V$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_PLAN
          • V$OB_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS
          • V$RSRC_PLAN
          • GV$OB_THREAD
          • V$OB_THREAD
          • GV$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
          • V$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
          • GV$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
          • GV$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
          • V$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
          • GV$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
          • V$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_LOCKS
          • V$OB_LOCKS
          • V$OB_LS_LOG_RESTORE_STATUS
          • V$OB_TIMESTAMP_SERVICE
          • GV$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
          • V$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
          • GV$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
          • V$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
          • GV$OB_SQL_PLAN
          • V$OB_SQL_PLAN
      • MySQL tenant views
        • Dictionary views
          • information_schema.CHARACTER_SETS
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          • information_schema.COLUMN_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS
          • information_schema.ENGINES
          • information_schema.GLOBAL_STATUS
          • information_schema.GLOBAL_VARIABLES
          • information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
          • information_schema.PARAMETERS
          • information_schema.PARTITIONS
          • information_schema.PROCESSLIST
          • information_schema.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.ROUTINES
          • information_schema.SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.SCHEMATA
          • information_schema.SESSION_STATUS
          • information_schema.SESSION_VARIABLES
          • information_schema.STATISTICS
          • information_schema.TABLES
          • information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
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          • information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.VIEW_TABLE_USAGE
          • information_schema.VIEWS
          • mysql.db
          • mysql.help_category
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          • mysql.proc
          • mysql.time_zone
          • mysql.time_zone_name
          • mysql.time_zone_transition
          • mysql.time_zone_transition_type
          • mysql.user
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESOURCE_POOLS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ROOTSERVICE_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_CONFIGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNITS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SEQUENCE_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS_V$
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINE_CONCURRENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_SYS_VARIABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_COLUMN_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_MANAGEMENT_CONFIG
          • information_schema.QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • oceanbase.DBA_SEQUENCES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USER_DEFINED_RULES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • information_schema.ST_GEOMETRY_COLUMNS
          • information_schema.ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CLUSTER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RSRC_IO_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLANS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATA_DICTIONARY_IN_LOG
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATA_DICTIONARY_IN_LOG
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TASK_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_STAT_STALE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.ALL_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_TASK_HISTORY
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          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_EVENT_HISTORY
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      • Common statistics events
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          • location_cache_refresh_rpc_timeout
          • location_cache_refresh_sql_timeout
          • location_fetch_concurrency
          • location_refresh_thread_count
          • log_archive_batch_buffer_limit
          • log_archive_checkpoint_interval
          • max_kept_major_version_number
          • max_px_worker_count
          • max_string_print_length
          • max_syslog_file_count
          • memory_chunk_cache_size
          • memory_limit
          • memory_limit_percentage
          • memory_reserved
          • memstore_limit_percentage
          • merge_stat_sampling_ratio
          • merge_thread_count
          • merger_completion_percentage
          • merger_switch_leader_duration_time
          • merger_warm_up_duration_time
          • micro_block_merge_verify_level
          • migrate_concurrency
          • migration_disable_time
          • min_observer_version
          • minor_deferred_gc_time
          • mysql_port
          • net_thread_count
          • ob_event_history_recycle_interval
          • ob_ratelimit_stat_period
          • obconfig_url
          • tablet_meta_table_check_interval
          • tablet_meta_table_scan_batch_count
          • plan_cache_evict_interval
          • plan_cache_high_watermark
          • plan_cache_low_watermark
          • px_task_size
          • px_workers_per_cpu_quota
          • rdma_io_thread_count
          • recyclebin_object_expire_time
          • ls_meta_table_check_interval
          • resource_hard_limit
          • rebuild_replica_data_lag_threshold
          • rootservice_async_task_queue_size
          • rootservice_async_task_thread_count
          • rootservice_list
          • rootservice_memory_limit
          • rootservice_ready_check_interval
          • row_compaction_update_limit
          • rpc_port
          • rpc_timeout
          • schema_history_expire_time
          • schema_history_recycle_interval
          • server_balance_cpu_mem_tolerance_percent
          • server_balance_critical_disk_waterlevel
          • server_balance_disk_tolerance_percent
          • server_check_interval
          • server_cpu_quota_max
          • server_cpu_quota_min
          • server_permanent_offline_time
          • server_data_copy_out_concurrency
          • server_data_copy_in_concurrency
          • ssl_client_authentication
          • ssl_external_kms_info
          • stack_size
          • sql_audit_memory_limit
          • sys_bkgd_migration_change_member_list_timeout
          • sys_bkgd_migration_retry_num
          • sys_bkgd_net_percentage
          • switchover_process_thread_count
          • syslog_io_bandwidth_limit
          • sys_bkgd_io_high_percentage
          • syslog_level
          • sys_bkgd_io_low_percentage
          • sys_cpu_limit_trigger
          • system_memory
          • system_trace_level
          • tableapi_transport_compress_func
          • tablet_size
          • tcp_keepcnt
          • system_cpu_quota
          • tcp_keepidle
          • tcp_keepintvl
          • tenant_cpu_variation_per_server
          • tenant_task_queue_size
          • token_reserved_percentage
          • trace_log_sampling_interval
          • trace_log_slow_query_watermark
          • trx_2pc_retry_interval
          • tenant_groups
          • use_large_pages
          • user_block_cache_priority
          • trx_force_kill_threshold
          • user_row_cache_priority
          • trx_try_wait_lock_timeout
          • unit_balance_resource_weight
          • virtual_table_location_cache_expire_time
          • weak_read_version_refresh_interval
          • user_iort_up_percentage
          • workers_per_cpu_quota
          • zone
          • user_tab_col_stat_cache_priority
          • wait_leader_batch_count
          • log_disk_size
          • log_disk_percentage
          • tablet_ls_cache_priority
          • opt_tab_stat_cache_priority
          • zone_merge_concurrency
          • index_block_cache_priority
          • zone_merge_order
          • sql_login_thread_count
          • zone_merge_timeout
          • enable_asan_for_memory_context
          • ob_esi_rpc_port
          • enable_cgroup
          • enable_ob_esi_process
          • diag_syslog_per_error_limit
          • ob_esi_session_timeout
          • ob_esi_io_concurrency
          • ob_startup_mode
          • ob_esi_memory_limit
          • log_storage_warning_tolerance_time
          • ob_esi_syslog_level
          • ob_esi_max_syslog_file_count
          • sql_net_thread_count
          • minor_freeze_times
          • minor_merge_concurrency
          • minor_warm_up_duration_time
          • multiblock_read_gap_size
          • multiblock_read_size
          • ofs_list
          • partition_table_check_interval
          • replica_safe_remove_time
          • resource_soft_limit
          • restore_concurrency
          • rpc_client_authentication_method
          • rpc_server_authentication_method
          • row_purge_thread_count
          • datafile_maxsize
          • datafile_next
          • standby_fetch_log_bandwidth_limit
          • local_ip
          • observer_id
          • storage_meta_cache_priority
        • Tenant-level parameters
          • audit_sys_operations
          • audit_trail
          • clog_max_unconfirmed_log_count
          • clog_persistence_compress_func
          • connection_control_failed_connections_threshold
          • connection_control_min_connection_delay
          • connection_control_max_connection_delay
          • enable_clog_persistence_compress
          • enable_early_lock_release
          • enable_monotonic_weak_read
          • external_kms_info
          • enable_sql_extension
          • default_progressive_merge_num
          • io_category_config
          • log_disk_utilization_limit_threshold
          • log_disk_utilization_threshold
          • major_compact_trigger
          • compaction_low_thread_score
          • max_stale_time_for_weak_consistency
          • compaction_high_thread_score
          • minor_compact_trigger
          • compaction_mid_thread_score
          • ob_enable_batched_multi_statement
          • ob_proxy_readonly_transaction_routing_policy
          • ob_ssl_invited_common_names
          • open_cursors
          • plsql_code_type
          • plsql_debug
          • plsql_optimize_level
          • plsql_warnings
          • sql_work_area
          • tde_method
          • writing_throttling_maximum_duration
          • writing_throttling_trigger_percentage
          • workarea_size_policy
          • plsql_v2_compatibility
          • job_queue_processes
          • ha_high_thread_score
          • ha_mid_thread_score
          • ha_low_thread_score
          • ob_compaction_schedule_interval
          • default_auto_increment_mode
          • ob_query_switch_leader_retry_timeout
          • default_enable_extended_rowid
          • major_freeze_duty_time
          • undo_retention
          • query_response_time_stats
          • query_response_time_flush
          • query_response_time_range_base
          • merger_check_interval
          • freeze_trigger_percentage
          • cpu_quota_concurrency
          • arbitration_timeout
          • compatible
          • log_transport_compress_all
          • log_transport_compress_func
          • rpc_memory_limit_percentage
          • tenant_sql_login_thread_count
          • tenant_sql_net_thread_count
          • dump_data_dictionary_to_log_interval
          • enable_user_defined_rewrite_rules
          • partition_balance_schedule_interval
          • log_disk_throttling_percentage
          • enable_rebalance
          • balancer_idle_time
          • log_disk_throttling_maximum_duration
          • ls_gc_delay_time
          • standby_db_preferred_upstream_log_region
          • archive_lag_target
          • range_optimizer_max_mem_size
          • log_restore_concurrency
          • log_archive_concurrency
          • standby_db_fetch_log_rpc_timeout
      • System variables
        • System variable summary
        • Global variables
          • auto_increment_cache_size
          • auto_increment_increment
          • auto_increment_offset
          • autocommit
          • binlog_row_image
          • block_encryption_mode
          • character_set_client
          • character_set_connection
          • character_set_database
          • character_set_filesystem
          • character_set_results
          • character_set_server
          • character_set_system
          • collation_connection
          • collation_database
          • collation_server
          • connect_timeout
          • cursor_sharing
          • datadir
          • debug_sync
          • default_password_lifetime
          • div_precision_increment
          • error_on_overlap_time
          • explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
          • foreign_key_checks
          • group_concat_max_len
          • identity
          • init_connect
          • innodb_strict_mode
          • interactive_timeout
          • license
          • lower_case_table_names
          • max_allowed_packet
          • max_connections
          • max_sp_recursion_depth
          • max_user_connections
          • net_buffer_length
          • net_read_timeout
          • net_write_timeout
          • nls_calendar
          • nls_characterset
          • nls_comp
          • nls_currency
          • nls_date_format
          • nls_date_language
          • nls_dual_currency
          • nls_iso_currency
          • nls_length_semantics
          • nls_nchar_characterset
          • nls_nchar_conv_excp
          • nls_numeric_characters
          • nls_sort
          • nls_territory
          • nls_timestamp_format
          • nls_timestamp_tz_format
          • ob_bnl_join_cache_size
          • ob_create_table_strict_mode
          • ob_default_replica_num
          • ob_compatibility_mode
          • ob_enable_blk_nestedloop_join
          • ob_early_lock_release
          • ob_enable_hash_group_by
          • ob_enable_aggregation_pushdown
          • ob_enable_index_direct_select
          • ob_enable_jit
          • ob_enable_plan_cache
          • ob_enable_sql_audit
          • ob_enable_transformation
          • ob_enable_transmission_checksum
          • ob_enable_truncate_flashback
          • ob_global_debug_sync
          • ob_log_level
          • ob_pl_block_timeout
          • ob_plan_cache_evict_high_percentage
          • ob_plan_cache_evict_low_percentage
          • ob_plan_cache_percentage
          • ob_proxy_global_variables_version
          • ob_query_timeout
          • ob_read_consistency
          • ob_reserved_meta_memory_percentage
          • ob_route_policy
          • ob_sql_audit_percentage
          • ob_sql_work_area_percentage
          • ob_tcp_invited_nodes
          • ob_temp_tablespace_size_percentage
          • ob_timestamp_service
          • ob_trx_idle_timeout
          • ob_trx_lock_timeout
          • ob_trx_timeout
          • optimizer_capture_sql_plan_baselines
          • optimizer_use_sql_plan_baselines
          • parallel_max_servers
          • parallel_servers_target
          • performance_schema
          • plugin_dir
          • query_cache_size
          • query_cache_type
          • read_only
          • recyclebin
          • resource_manager_plan
          • secure_file_priv
          • sql_auto_is_null
          • sql_mode
          • sql_quote_show_create
          • sql_safe_updates
          • sql_select_limit
          • sql_throttle_current_priority
          • sql_throttle_network
          • sql_throttle_priority
          • sql_throttle_rt
          • sql_warnings
          • system_time_zone
          • time_zone
          • transaction_isolation
          • transaction_read_only
          • tx_isolation
          • tx_read_only
          • version
          • version_comment
          • wait_timeout
          • validate_password_check_user_name
          • validate_password_length
          • validate_password_mixed_case_count
          • validate_password_number_count
          • validate_password_policy
          • validate_password_special_char_count
          • server_uuid
          • default_storage_engine
          • ob_enable_rich_error_msg
          • cte_max_recursion_depth
          • regexp_stack_limit
          • event_scheduler
          • regexp_time_limit
          • log_row_value_options
          • ob_max_read_stale_time
          • parallel_degree_policy
          • parallel_degree_limit
          • parallel_min_scan_time_threshold
          • optimizer_dynamic_sampling
          • runtime_filter_type
          • runtime_filter_wait_time_ms
          • runtime_filter_max_in_num
          • runtime_bloom_filter_max_size
        • Session-level variables
          • is_result_accurate
          • last_insert_id
          • nls_language
          • ob_capability_flag
          • ob_enable_show_trace
          • ob_last_schema_version
          • ob_org_cluster_id
          • ob_proxy_partition_hit
          • ob_proxy_set_trx_executed
          • ob_trace_info
          • timestamp
          • tracefile_identifier
          • ob_max_read_stale_time
          • parallel_degree_policy
          • parallel_degree_limit
          • parallel_min_scan_time_threshold
          • optimizer_dynamic_sampling
          • runtime_filter_type
          • runtime_filter_wait_time_ms
          • runtime_filter_max_in_num
          • runtime_bloom_filter_max_size
    • Error codes
      • MySQL mode
        • Overview
        • 0001 - 3999
        • 4000 - 4499
        • 4500 - 4999
        • 5000 - 5999
        • 6000 - 6999
        • 7000 - 7999
        • 8000 - 8999
        • 9000 - 9499
        • 9500 - 9999
        • 22998, 30926, 38104, and 38105
      • Oracle mode
        • Overview
        • ORA-00000 to ORA-00999
        • ORA-01000 to ORA-01499
        • ORA-01500 to ORA-01999
        • ORA-02000 to ORA-04999
        • ORA-05000 to ORA-10000
        • ORA-10000 to ORA-19999
        • ORA-20000 to ORA-29999
        • ORA-30000 to ORA-49999
        • ORA-50000 to ORA-99999
        • PLS-00000 to PLS-00999
    • Performance tuning
      • Overview
      • Performance related tools
        • System tools
          • General tool Top
          • CPU tools
          • Memory tools
          • Disk I/O tools
          • Network tools
        • Internal tables
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
        • Logs
          • slow trans
          • dump tenant info
          • trace log
        • OCP
      • System tuning
        • OS parameter tuning
        • Database parameter tuning
          • CPU parameters
          • I/O parameters
          • Memory-related parameters
          • Network transmission parameters
        • ODP parameter tuning
          • CPU parameters
          • Network transmission parameters
          • Route parameters on nodes
      • Business model tuning
        • Load Balancer
        • SQL Diagnostics
        • Distributed transactions
      • Performance diagnosis
        • Monitor and diagnose the cluster performance
        • Diagnose tenant performance
        • Monitor OBProxy performance
        • Monitor host performance
        • ASH report
          • ASH
          • Generate ASH reports
          • Analyze ASH reports
      • SQL tuning
        • SQL request execution process
        • SQL execution plans
          • Introduction to SQL execution plans
          • Execution plan operators
            • TABLE SCAN
            • JOIN
            • COUNT
            • GROUP BY
            • WINDOW FUNCTION
            • SUBPLAN FILTER
            • DISTINCT
            • SEQUENCE
            • MATERIAL
            • SORT
            • LIMIT
            • FOR UPDATE
            • SELECT INTO
            • SUBPLAN SCAN
            • UNION
            • INTERSECT
            • EXCEPT/MINUS
            • INSERT
            • DELETE
            • UPDATE
            • MERGE
            • EXCHANGE
            • GI
          • Plan cache
          • Fast parameterization
          • Display real-time execution plans
          • SQL optimization practice with EXPLAIN
        • Distributed execution plans
          • Perform distributed execution and parallel queries
          • Generate a distributed plan
          • Schedule distributed execution plans
          • Manage distributed execution plans
          • Enable parallel execution and set the degree of parallelism
          • Auto DOP
          • Execute parallel queries
          • Perform parameter tuning for a parallel query
          • Parallel DML
        • SQL tuning
          • Overview of SQL tuning
          • General procedure of SQL tuning
          • SQL execution performance monitoring
            • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
            • SQL Trace
            • Plan cache views
            • SQL performance analysis example
              • Use SQL Audit to analyze wait events in a query
              • Analyze SQL queries that cause an abrupt RT jitter
              • View and analyze the shape of an execution plan
              • Analyze slow SQL queries
              • Query the distribution of SQL traffic and QPS among OBServer nodes
              • Check whether SQL queries are balanced across servers in a cluster
              • Find the TOP N SQL queries
              • Analyze whether an unusually large number of remote execution requests exist in the system or the execution of an SQL statement
              • Find full table scan SQL statements in a tenant
              • Find the TOP N queries with the longest execution time within a specified period
              • Analyze queries related to distributed plans
              • Check whether the RPC execution count of a distributed subplan is balanced across servers in a cluster
          • Optimizer statistics
            • Overview of statistics
            • Statistics collection methods
              • Overview
              • Histograms
              • Manual statistics collection
              • Automatic statistics collection
              • Online statistics collection
              • Dynamic sampling
            • Statistics management
              • Overview
              • Deletion
              • Setting
              • Import and export
              • Locking and unlocking
              • History management
              • Statistics preference management
            • Monitoring and diagnostics for statistics collection
            • Examples
          • Query rewrite
            • Overview
            • Rule-based query rewriting
            • Cost-based query rewrite
          • Query optimization
            • Access path
              • Overview
              • Rule-based path selection
              • Cost-based path selection
            • Join algorithm
              • Overview
              • Join algorithms
              • Runtime filter
              • Join order
          • Manage execution plans
            • Optimizer hints
            • Plan binding
            • SQL plan management
        • Glossary
        • General issues in SQL tuning
    • Performance test
      • Run the TPC-H benchmark on OceanBase Database
      • TPC-H benchmark report of OceanBase Database
      • Run the Sysbench benchmark on OceanBase Database
      • Sysbench benchmark report of OceanBase Database
      • Achieve high performance with Sysbench on OceanBase Database: deployment and troubleshooting
      • Run the TPC-C benchmark on OceanBase Database
      • TPC-C benchmark report of OceanBase Database
    • Database proxy
      • OceanBase Database Proxy
      • Overview
      • ODP
        • Overview
        • Manage ODP clusters
          • Create an ODP cluster
          • Manage ODP cluster parameters
          • Delete an ODP cluster
          • Upgrade all ODPs in an ODP cluster
          • Restart all ODPs in an ODP cluster
          • Manage OceanBase clusters connected to an ODP cluster
          • Monitor ODP cluster performance
        • Manage ODP
          • Add an ODP
          • Start an ODP
          • Refresh ODP configurations
          • Stop an ODP
          • Restart an ODP
          • Delete an ODP
          • Upgrade one or more ODPs
        • ODP startup parameters
      • Physical connections
      • Logical connection
        • Query all sessions
        • Query the details of a session
        • Query the metrics of a session
        • Query session variables
        • Terminate a server session
      • Route management
        • Table-based routing of ODP
        • LDC-based routing
        • ODP routing policy
          • Read/Write splitting
          • Follower-first read
          • Blocklist mechanism
          • Transaction routing
      • View tenant sessions
      • Terminate a tenant session
      • Set the maximum number of connections for a tenant
    • Drivers
      • ECOB
      • OBCI
      • OceanBase Connector/J
      • OceanBase Connector/C
      • OceanBase Connector/ODBC
    • Platforms
      • OMA
      • OMS
      • OCP
      • ODC
      • OAT
    • Components & tools
      • O&M management
        • ob_admin
          • Overview
          • clog
            • log_tool
            • Format of clogs
            • Transaction logs
          • dumpsst
          • dump_backup
        • ob_error
        • OBD
        • ob-operator
          • Overview
          • Quick start
          • Deploy ob-operator
          • Upgrade ob-operator
          • User guide
            • Manage clusters
              • Create a cluster
              • Scale out clusters
                • Add zones to a cluster
                • Add OBServer nodes to zones
              • Scale in clusters
                • Delete zones from a cluster
                • Delete OBServer nodes from zones
              • Delete a cluster
              • Upgrade a cluster
            • Manage tenants
              • Create a tenant
              • Modify tenants
                • Manage resources
                • Manage replicas
                • Modify other parameters
              • Delete a tenant
            • Backup and restore
              • Back up a cluster
              • Back up a tenant
              • Restore data from a backup
      • Monitoring and diagnostics
        • obdiag
        • SQL diagnoser
          • Overview
          • Deploy and use SQL diagnoser
            • Install SQL Diagnoser
            • Use SQL Diagnoser
          • SQL diagnoser remarks
            • Built-in diagnostic items
            • Diagnostic rule expression
            • APIs
            • Diagnostic items of SQL review
        • DOOBA
      • Data integration
        • OBLOADER & OBDUMPER
        • Partition calculator
          • Overview
          • Use the ob-partition-calculator component
        • CDC
          • Overview
          • obcdc
            • Deploy and use obcdc
              • Install and deploy obcdc
              • obcdc development instructions
              • obcdc_tailf
            • obcdc parameters
              • General obcdc parameters
              • obcdc parameters
            • FAQ about obcdc
          • oblogproxy
            • Deploy oblogproxy
              • Install and deploy oblogproxy by using the installation package
              • Build oblogproxy by using the source code
            • Configuration files
          • oblogmsg
            • Install and deploy oblogmsg
            • Description of some oblogmsg APIs
      • Stress testing tools
        • mysqltest
          • Use obd.sh to run mysqltest
          • Use of cases
            • Add a test case
            • Test case writing conventions
            • General test case writing commands
  • FAQ
    • FAQs
    • SQL statements
    • Deployment
    • Cluster management
    • High availability
  • Release Notes
    • Version rules
    • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition
      • V4.2
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V4.2.0
      • V4.1
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V4.1.0
      • V3.2
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.2.4
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.2.3
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.2.2
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.2.1
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.2.0
      • V3.1
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.1.2
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.1.1
      • V2.2
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V2.2.77
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V2.2.76
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V2.2.30
    • OceanBase Database Community Edition
      • V4.2
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V4.2.0
      • V4.1
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V4.1.0
      • V4.0
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V4.0.0
      • V3.1
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V3.1.5
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V3.1.4
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V3.1.3
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V3.1.2
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V3.1.1
  • Glossary

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Overview Differences between the Enterprise Edition and the Community Edition System architecture Overview SQL data types Built-in functions System views Compatibility with MySQL Limitations Get started with OceanBase Database Before you begin Basic SQL operations (MySQL mode) Basic SQL operations (Oracle mode) Build a Python application Build a Java application Build a C application Build a Go application Build a Java application Build a C application Try out operational OLAP Try out parallel import and data compression Try out the multi-tenant feature Video tutorials Overview High availability deployment solutions for OceanBase clusters Deployment process Overview Deploy OceanBase Database in a Kubernetes cluster Clear out an old cluster Overview Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database Use mydumper and myloader to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database Use DataX to migrate table data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database Use CloudCanal to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database Use Canal to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database Use Flink CDC to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database Use ChunJun to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database to a MySQL database Use OMS to migrate incremental data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to a MySQL database Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database Synchronize data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using Canal Migrate data from a MySQL OceanBase database to a MySQL database using CloudCanal Use Flink CDC to migrate data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database Migrate data from a MySQL database in OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using ChunJun Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle database to an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database Use DataX to migrate table data from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to an Oracle database Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database Use OMS to migrate data from a DB2 LUW database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database Use OMS to migrate data from a DB2 LUW database to an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database Use DBCAT to migrate table schemas from a DB2 LUW database to OceanBase Database Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database to a DB2 LUW database Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to a DB2 LUW database Use OMS to migrate data from a TiDB database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database Use OMS to migrate data from a PostgreSQL database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database Use DataX to migrate CSV files to OceanBase Database Import data by using the LOAD DATA statement Import data from SQL files to OceanBase Database Use OMS to migrate data from an OceanBase Database tenant to another of the same type Use OMS to migrate data from an OceanBase Database tenant to another of the same type in active-active disaster recovery scenarios Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between MySQL tenants in OceanBase Database Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from a MySQL tenant to an Oracle tenant in OceanBase Database Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between Oracle tenants in OceanBase Database Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from an Oracle tenant to a MySQL tenant in OceanBase Database Migrate data between tables Migrate resource units Export data by using OUTFILE statements Overview of direct load Import data in bypass mode by using the LOAD DATA statement Import data in bypass mode by using the INSERT INTO SELECT statement Log on to an OceanBase Database tenant Overview Cluster parameters Tenants Tenant capacity Tenant types User tenants System variables of a tenant Overview Traffic distribution Data distribution Overview Flashback queries Overview Introduction to physical backup and restore Deploy NFS Overview Cases Overview Log levels Log stability Log control Log metrics Overview Check cluster parameters
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obcdc parameters

Last Updated:2024-04-19 11:42:34  Updated
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What is on this page
Cluster parameters
Metadata parameters
Working mode-related parameters
Synchronization granularity
Monitoring-related parameters
Throttling
Monitoring information output-related parameters
Metadata management
Tenant management-related parameters
Fetcher module-related parameters
SQL query-related parameters
Filter data based on cluster_id
Server-level blocklist parameters
Partition-level blocklist parameters (generally not modified)
Server cache-related parameters
Log pulling-related parameters
Sequencer module-related parameters
REDO read control module-related parameters
Row data sorting module-related parameters
Configurations valid only in persistence mode
Storager module-related parameters
Data processor module-related parameters
Configurations related to batch redo log persistence
Parser module-related parameters
Formatter module-related parameters
Binlog record output-related parameters
Resource recycling-related parameters (modifications not recommended)

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For parameters of the Boolean type, the value 0 indicates False and the value 1 indicates True.

Cluster parameters

Metadata parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
init_log_level The initial log level at startup. ALL.*:INFO;SHARE.SCHEMA:INFO No The initial log level is used to generate more detailed logs. The log level is changed to the specified log_level after startup.
log_level The log level after startup. ALL.*:INFO;SHARE.SCHEMA:WARN Yes /
max_log_file_count The maximum number of log files. 0 No The value must be greater than or equal to 0. If the value is 0, the number of logs is not restricted. If you change the value to a smaller one, restart obcdc for the configuration to take effect.
enable_log_limit Specifies whether to enable log throttling. 1 Yes 1: specifies to enable log throttling.
0: specifies to disable log throttling.
rootserver_list The RootService server specified at startup. \| Yes The format is server_ip:server_rpc_port:server_sql_port.
cluster_url The cluster URL specified at startup. \| No If OceanBase Database has a cluster URL, obcdc uses this URL to obtain the RootServer information. High availability is supported for servers.
cluster_user The username in the sys tenant. Empty (required, to be specified by the user) No The user in the sys tenant. This user must have the read privilege on internal tables.
cluster_password The password of the preceding user. Empty (required, to be specified by the user) No /
tenant_endpoint The list of servers where the tenant resides. \| No The format is host1:sql_port1| host2:sql_port2.
tenant_user The name of a user in the tenant. \| No The format is user_name@tenant_name or user_name@tenant_name#cluster.
tenant_password The password of the preceding user in the tenant. \| No /
config_fpath The dump path of the configuration file. etc/liboblog.conf No All obcdc configuration information will be dumped into this file.
timezone The time zone of obcdc. +8:00 No This parameter specifies the time zone in which data is formatted and exported, which must be consistent with that of the data source. The default value is UTC+8.
timezone_info_path The directory where the timezone metadata file is located. etc/timezone_info.conf Yes When meta_data_refresh_mode is set to data_dict, the timezone_info.conf file in the RPM package must be placed in this directory.
skip_ob_version_compat_check Specifies whether to skip the OceanBase version compatibility check. No No obcdc V3.x supports data synchronization with only OceanBase Database V2.x and V3.x. In addition, the obcdc version must be later than the OceanBase Database version.
cluster_version_refresh_interval_sec The interval for querying the earliest OBServer node version of the OceanBase cluster. 600 No The interval for refreshing the OceanBase cluster version, in seconds.
log_router_background_refresh_interval_sec The frequency for refreshing the log stream metadata. 10 Yes The interval, in seconds, for refreshing the corresponding server information at the backend for the log stream.

Working mode-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
working_mode The working mode. storage (commercial edition) No The transaction size must be controlled in business scenarios. If large transactions exist in business scenarios, use the persistence mode. We recommend that you deploy obcdc on the SSD in persistence mode.
store_service_path The path for storing data in persistence mode. ./storage No This parameter is valid only in persistence mode.
Relative path: The persistent data is stored in a relative path in the path of the process that calls obcdc.
Absolute path: The persistent data is stored in the specified absolute path, such as store_service_path=/data/1.

Synchronization granularity

obcdc supports data synchronization in multiple dimensions. A single obcdc instance can synchronize data of one cluster, one or more tenants, several databases, and several tables.

Synchronization granularity Single obcdc instance Multiple obcdc instances
Cluster Supported (a single obcdc instance cannot support the data of multiple clusters) Supported
Tenant Supported Supported
Database Supported Supported
Table Supported Supported (see the following multi-instance-related parameters for details)

If the traffic in the tenant is heavy, a single obcdc instance may fail to synchronize the data of the entire cluster in real time. In this case, you can use multiple obcdc instances to share the load.

  1. Each obcdc instance synchronizes data of a different tenant.

  2. If it is difficult for a single obcdc instance to synchronize the data of a single tenant, you can configure multiple obcdc instances and use one instance for each table in the tenant.

    Notice

    You must configure a blocklist and allowlist in the preceding two scenarios.

  3. If it is difficult for a single obcdc instance to synchronize a single table, you can configure multiple obcdc instances for the table and use one instance for each hash partition of the table.

    Notice

    In this case, you must configure multiple obcdc instances.

Allowlist- and blocklist-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
tb_white_list The allowlist of the tables to be synchronized. *.*.* No The format is tenant name.database name.table name, for example, mytenant1.db1.tb1|mytenant2.db2.*.
tb_black_list The blocklist of tables that will not be synchronized. \| No The format is the same as above.
tablegroup_white_list The allowlist of table groups to be synchronized. *.* No The format is tenant name.table group name, for example, mytenant1.* or_tenant*.tg*.
tablegroup_black_list The blocklist of table groups that will not be synchronized. \| No The format is the same as above.
enable_filter_sys_tenant Specifies whether to filter synchronization data of the sys tenant. 0 No Enable this option when the sys tenant is abnormal but the user tenants are normal.

Note

obcdc provides data filtering capabilities based on table and table group allowlists and blocklists.

  • Only the tables and table groups in the allowlist but not in the blocklist will be synchronized. By default, all tables and table groups in all tenants are in the allowlist, and the blocklist is empty. We recommend that you configure an allowlist for the production environment to synchronize data of specified tenants. Do not use the default values, which may pull redundant data.
  • The fnmatch function is used to match tables and table groups based on regular expressions. By default, case sensitivity is disabled for matching tables and table groups. You can set enable_oracle_mode_match_case_sensitive to 1 to enable case sensitivity.

Multi-instance-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
instance_num The total number of obcdc instances. 1 No /
instance_index The index of the current obcdc instance to the total number of obcdc instances (which can be understood as the hash bucket ID). 0 No The value is [0,instance_num). Each obcdc instance processes only the data whose hashed value of modinstance_num is equal to instance_index.
enable_global_unique_index_belong_to_multi_instance Specifies whether to synchronize tables with globally unique indexes in multi-instance scenarios. No Yes /

Monitoring-related parameters

Throttling

To prevent out-of-memory (OOM) issues caused by data heaping in the memory in the case of exceptions, obcdc provides throttling capabilities. Throttling is triggered based on the internal status of obcdc. Data pulling stops during throttling and resumes when obcdc becomes normal. The following table describes the throttling control parameters. You can modify them to adjust the throttling level as needed.

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
memory_limit The memory limit for triggering throttling. 20G Yes It is one of the throttling metrics (the same as below). However, it does not restrict obcdc from using memory higher than memory_limit. The minimum value is 2G.
system_memory_avail_percentage_lower_bound, The lower limit of available system memory, in percentage. 10 Yes The value range is [10, 80].
part_trans_task_active_count_upper_bound The maximum number of active partition transactions. 200000 Yes The number of active partition transaction structures in memory (allocated and not recycled).
storager_task_count_upper_bound The throttling threshold of the number of tasks for storager to persist. 1000 Yes The minimum value is 1.
part_trans_task_reusable_count_upper_bound The maximum number of partition transactions to reuse. 10240 Yes The sum of tasks to be generated to the user queue, tasks to be generated by users, tasks to be returned by users, and tasks pending for GC.
ready_to_seq_task_upper_bound The maximum number of tasks to be sequenced. 2000 Yes The maximum number of tasks to be sequenced, including tasks pending for parsing, tasks pending for formatting, and tasks pending for persistence.
pause_fetcher Specifies whether to forcibly stop pulling logs. No (0) Yes If this feature is enabled, obcdc forcibly stops pulling logs regardless of the logical computing result of the throttling conditions.

The reference throttling conditions are as follows:

  1. Condition 1: The number of active partitions exceeds the threshold specified by part_trans_task_active_count_upper_bound. || The memory held by obcdc exceeds the threshold specified by memory_limit. || The available memory of the system is lower than the threshold specified by system_memory_avail_percentage_lower_bound.
  2. Condition 2: The number of partition transaction structures to be reused exceeds the threshold specified by part_trans_task_reusable_count_upper_bound || The number of tasks to be sequenced exceeds the threshold specified by ready_to_seq_task_upper_bound.
  3. Condition 3 (since OceanBase Database V3.x): The number of tasks to be persisted exceeds the threshold specified by storager_task_count_upper_bound. && The memory held by obcdc exceeds the throttling triggering threshold (memory_limit) multiplied by the percentage of memory used by the persistence module in the throttling memory (storager_mem_percentage).

Throttling triggering condition: ((Condition 1 && Condition 2) || Condition 3) || (pause_fetcher != 0)

Monitoring information output-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
enable_dump_pending_trans_info Specifies whether to regularly collect and print statistics on the status of distributed transactions in obcdc. No Yes If the value is set to 1, the statistics are printed once every 10 seconds.
print_fetcher_slowest_ls_num The number of partitions with the lowest log-pulling speed. 10 Yes /
print_rpc_handle_info Specifies whether to print RPC-related information. No Yes /
print_stream_dispatch_info Specifies whether to print the log stream information. No Yes /
print_ls_heartbeat_info Specifies whether to print partition heartbeat information. No Yes /
print_ls_serve_info Specifies whether to print the partition service information, such as the partition status and the number of transactions of the partition. No Yes /
print_participant_not_serve_info Specifies whether to print the information about all transactions that are not in service (no data is generated) for the distributed transaction. No Yes /
print_ls_server_list_update_info Specifies whether to print the details of the servers when the list of partition servers is updated. No Yes /
enable_formatter_print_log Specifies whether to enable formatter to generate logs whose formatting data is omitted. No Yes /

Metadata management

obcdc V4.1 can obtain metadata such as information about schemas and log streams from data dictionaries, without the need to pull logs from OBServer nodes by using RPCs.

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
meta_data_refresh_mode The mode for obtaining metadata such as information about schemas and log streams. online No
  • online mode: obcdc queries OBServer nodes for schema information by using SchemaService. In this mode, obcdc must be able to access OBServer nodes.
  • data_dict mode: obcdc parses schema information based on the data dictionaries in logs.

Tenant management-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
skip_rename_tenant_ddl Specifies whether to ignore DDL statements that rename a tenant. No Yes The renamed tenant is not affected if it is not included in the obcdc synchronization allowlist. Otherwise, an error message is displayed and the process is terminated. This is because the rename operation overruns the allowlist restriction. In this case, we recommend that you modify the allowlist to support the tenants before and after the rename operation. When the value is set to true, the system will skip the DDL statements of the renamed tenant and continue the data synchronization.
enable_oracle_mode_match_case_sensitive The case sensitivity of tenants against the blocklist or allowlist in the Oracle mode of OceanBase Database. No No /

Fetcher module-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
ls_count_upper_limit The number of partition progress values. 2000000 No A maximum of 200 million partitions is supported.
check_switch_server_interval_min The interval, in minutes, of periodic partition check for the necessity of switching log-pulling servers. 30 Yes /

SQL query-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
access_systable_helper_thread_num The maximum number of connections in the connection pool for SQL execution. 64 No The value range is [48, 1024].
rs_sql_connect_timeout_sec The timeout period for the SQL connection of the RootService. 40 Yes /
rs_sql_query_timeout_sec The timeout period for the SQL request of the RootService. 30 Yes /
tenant_sql_connect_timeout_sec The timeout period for the SQL connection of a tenant. 40 Yes /
tenant_sql_query_timeout_sec The timeout period for the SQL request of a tenant. 30 Yes /
sql_server_change_interval_sec The time interval, in seconds, for changing the SQL execution server. 60 Yes /

Filter data based on cluster_id

obcdc allows you to filter data based on the cluster_id blocklist. Although OceanBase Database specifies a valid cluster_id range, you can specify the cluster_id values to filter out the following unwanted data in a synchronization task: For more information about how to configure cluster_id values, see ob_org_cluster_id.

  • The data that is not included in the valid cluster_id range specified by OceanBase Database and OceanBase Migration Service (OMS). The value range is [1, 4294901759] U [4294901760, 4294967295].
  • The data that is specified in the cluster_id_black_list field.
  • Each cluster ID in the cluster_id_black_list field must range from cluster_id_value_min to cluster_id_value_max.
Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
cluster_id_black_list The blocklist of cluster IDs. \| No Separate multiple cluster IDs with vertical bars (\|). Each cluster ID ranges from cluster_id_value_min to cluster_id_value_max.
cluster_id_black_value_min The lower limit of cluster IDs in the synchronization blocklist. 2147473648 No /
cluster_id_black_value_max The upper limit of cluster IDs in the synchronization blocklist. 2147483647 No /

Server-level blocklist parameters

obcdc can send SQL and RPC requests to the OBServer nodes. OceanBase Database provides parameters that allow you to block all requests sent to specific servers.

In addition, as obcdc pulls logs at the partition level, a built-in blocklist is provided to add servers that have timed out or errors when pulling partition logs to the blocklist. Servers are automatically added to or removed from the blocklist.

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
server_blacklist A blocklist of servers that are blocked from receiving RPC requests from obcdc. \| Yes Servers are separated with vertical bars (\|). Logs are not pulled from servers in the blocklist. You can manually add a server to the blocklist when the server cannot provide log services. For example, you can add a server to the blocklist in the case of network partitioning and high latency.
sql_server_blacklist A blocklist of servers that are blocked from receiving SQL requests from obcdc. \| Yes Multiple servers are separated with vertical bars (\|). SQL query requests will not be forwarded to the servers in the blocklist.

Partition-level blocklist parameters (generally not modified)

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
blacklist_survival_time_sec The waiting time, in seconds, of servers in the blocklist. 30 No /
blacklist_survival_time_upper_limit_min The maximum period, in minutes, of servers in the blocklist. 4 Yes /
blacklist_survival_time_penalty_period_min The penalty time interval threshold, in minutes. If a server is added to the blocklist again within this time interval, the time for the server to stay in the blocklist is doubled. 1 Yes /
blacklist_history_overdue_time_min The period, in minutes, after which a server is deleted from the blocklist history. 30 Yes The minimum value is 10.
blacklist_history_clear_interval_min The time interval, in minutes, for clearing the information about servers in the blocklist. 20 Yes The minimum value is 10.

Server cache-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
all_server_cache_update_interval_sec The time interval, in seconds, for updating the cached list of servers. 5 Yes /
all_zone_cache_update_interval_sec The time interval, in seconds, for updating the cached zone information. 5 Yes /

Log pulling-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
idle_pool_thread_num The number of threads that process the pending partition-level log-pulling tasks. 4 No The value range is [1,32].
dead_pool_thread_num The number of threads that recycle the partition-level log-pulling tasks. 1 No The value range is [1,32].
stream_worker_thread_num The number of threads that dispatch the partition-level log-pulling tasks. 8 No The value range is [1,64].
start_lsn_locator_thread_num The number of threads that locate the ID of the starting partition log. 4 No The value range is [1,32].
lob_data_merger_thread_num The number of LOB data processing threads. 2 No The value range is [1, +∞).
start_lsn_locator_locate_count The number of requests that complete the task of locating the starting partition log. 1 No The minimum value is 1. To locate the ID of the starting partition log, the follower partitions of the specified number must return the same starting log ID.
skip_start_lsn_locator_result_consistent_check Specifies whether to skip checking the consistency of the starting log ID. No No /
svr_stream_cached_count The initial size of the object pool of the server log stream. 16 No The minimum value is 1.
fetch_stream_cached_count The initial number of logs in the object pool of the partition log stream. 16 No The minimum value is 1.
start_lsn_locator_rpc_timeout_sec The timeout period, in seconds, of RPC requests for locating the starting partition log ID. 60 Yes The minimum value is 1.
start_lsn_locator_batch_count The batch number of the RPC requests for locating the starting partition log ID. 2000 Yes The minimum value is 1.
heartbeat_interval_sec The time interval, in seconds, to send RPC requests for partition heartbeats. 1 Yes The minimum value is 1.
fetch_log_rpc_timeout_sec The timeout period, in seconds, of RPC requests for pulling partition logs. 15 Yes The minimum value is 1.
progress_limit_sec_for_dml The maximum number of logs that can be pulled for DML operations. 300 Yes The minimum value is 1. Log-pulling in some partitions can be much faster than others. To ensure that the log-pulling progress is roughly at the same pace across partitions, the maximum number of DML logs that can be provided by the server is limited to the sum of the minimum number of pulled logs among all partitions + the value of the progress_limit_sec_for_dml parameter.
ls_fetch_progress_update_timeout_sec The timeout threshold, in seconds, of RPC requests for pulling partition logs. 3 Yes The minimum value is 1.
ls_fetch_progress_update_timeout_sec_for_lagged_replica The timeout threshold, in seconds, of pulling logs from lagged replica. 15 Yes The minimum value is 1.
enable_continue_use_cache_server_list Specifies whether to use the server information about the cache. 0 No Enable this option when the sys tenant is abnormal but the user tenants are normal.
fetching_log_mode The log pulling mode. integrated No
  • integrated mode: This is the default log pulling mode in which obcdc sends RPC requests to an OBServer node to pull logs. In this case, you must configure the address (cluter_url or rootserver_list) of the OBServer node and the username (cluster_user) and password (cluster_password) in the sys tenant.
  • direct mode: In this mode, obcdc directly consumes archived logs without the need to send RPC requests to the OBServer node to pull logs. In this case, you must configure the archive destination in the form of an NFS path or Object Storage Service (OSS) information. For more information about the archive destination, see Overview. The server where obcdc is located must be able to directly access the archive destination.

Notice

obcdc cannot pull discontinuous archived logs.

Log pulling priority-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
region The region where the obcdc server belongs. default_region No The logs are first pulled from OBServer nodes in the region of obcdc.

RPC module parameters (modifications not recommended)

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
io_thread_num The number of I/O threads for RPC requests. 4 No The minimum value is 1.
rpc_result_cached_count The initial number of pulled logs in the object pool of RPC requests for pulling logs. 16 No The minimum value is 1.
rpc_process_handler_time_upper_limit_msec The maximum time, in seconds, for processing an RPC request. 200 Yes The minimum value is 1.
rpc_result_count_per_rpc_upper_limit The maximum number of unprocessed results of the log-pulling RPC request in a log stream. 16 Yes The minimum value is 1. When the number of results in a log-pulling stream reaches the maximum value, the log-pulling RPC request is suspended.

Secure communication-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
ssl_client_authentication Specifies whether secure communication is enabled. No No By default, secure communication is disabled.
ssl_external_kms_info The secure communication method. file No For external communication, only the file mode is supported. You must create a wallet directory in the boot directory of obcdc, and put the following key file in the wallet directory: ca.pem/client-cert.pem/client-key.pem.

Sequencer module-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
sequencer_thread_num The number of threads in the thread pool for sequencing distributed transactions. 5 No The minimum value is 1.
sequencer_queue_length The number of partition transactions waiting to be sequenced. 102400 No The minimum value is 1.

REDO read control module-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
redo_dispatched_memory_limit_exceed_ratio Determines the size limit of the redo logs to be processed when enable_output_trans_order_by_sql_operation is set to 1. To be specific, the size of the redo logs allowed to be processed in the memory is redo_dispatched_memory_limit_exceed_ratio * redo_dispatcher_memory_limi. 2 Yes The minimum value is 1.
redo_dispatcher_memory_limit The size limit of the redo logs to be processed. 512 M Yes The minimum value is 128 MB.
extra_redo_dispatch_memory_size The extra redo size allocated to skew participants to avoid deadlocks, which may cause OceanBase Change Data Capture (CDC) not to generate data in a data skew scenario. 4 MB Yes [0 M, 512 M]

Row data sorting module-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
msg_sorter_task_count_upper_limit The maximum number of tasks for the row data sorting module in a transaction. 200000 No The minimum value is 1.
msg_sorter_thread_num The total number of threads for the row data sorting module in a transaction. 1 No The minimum value is 1, and the maximum value is 32.

Configurations valid only in persistence mode

Storager module-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
storager_thread_num The number of threads in the thread pool of the storager module. 10 No /
storager_queue_length The number of tasks to be persisted. 102400 No /

Data processor module-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
reader_thread_num The number of threads in the thread pool for reading data from the storager module. 10 No /
reader_queue_length The number of data deserialization tasks waiting to be processed. 102400 No /

Configurations related to batch redo log persistence

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
batch_buf_count The number of memory buffers for batch redo log persistence. 10 No The minimum value is 5.
batch_buf_size The size of a memory buffer for batch redo log persistence. 20 MB No The minimum value is 2 MB.

Parser module-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
dml_parser_thread_num The number of threads in the thread pool for parsing DML statements. 5 No The minimum value is 1.
ddl_parser_thread_num The number of threads in the thread pool for parsing DDL statements. 1 No The minimum value is 1.
skip_reversed_schema_version Specifies whether to ignore schema version rollback. No No Generally, the schema version monotonically increases during the processing of DDL statements. The rollback of the schema version indicates an exception. However, you can use this parameter to skip the exception.

Formatter module-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
formatter_thread_num The number of threads in the thread pool for data formatting. 10 No The minimum value is 1.
skip_dirty_data Specifies whether to skip data exceptions. No Yes Current exceptions:
1. Non-full column logging. This means the clogs only recorded the columns that have been changed. Parameter: binlog_row_image.
2. Exceptions in DDL statements of the tenant restored from a physical backup.

Binlog record output-related parameters

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
enable_output_trans_order_by_sql_operation Specifies whether to generate data rows in the transaction in the order that the SQL statements are executed. No No The execution order refers to the order in which OceanBase Database makes changes to the data. It may not be the same as the order in which the SQL statements are sent from the client.
sort_trans_participants Specifies whether to sort SQL statements by the distributed transaction participants. 1 No The parameter specifies whether to sort statements by the partition key. You can maintain a stable statement output sequence by using this parameter together with the enable_output_trans_order_by_sql_operation parameter.
enable_output_hidden_primary_key Specifies whether to generate the hidden primary keys of tables without primary keys. No No You can generate the hidden primary keys of tables without primary keys by setting the parameter value to 1.
enable_convert_timestamp_to_unix_timestamp Specifies whether to convert a timestamp to an integer in the Unix format. No No /
enable_output_invisible_column Specifies whether to generate the hidden columns. No No /
output_heartbeat_interval_msec The time interval, in seconds, for generating the information about security timestamps. 3 Yes /

Resource recycling-related parameters (modifications not recommended)

Parameter Description Default value Real-time modification supported Remarks
resource_collector_thread_num The number of threads in the thread pool for recycling resources. 10 No The minimum value is 1.
resource_collector_thread_num_for_br The number of threads in the thread pool for recycling binlog records. 7 No The value of this parameter must be larger than that of the resource_collector_thread_num parameter.

Notice

We recommend that you do not modify the parameters that are not listed in this topic.

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General obcdc parameters
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What is on this page
Cluster parameters
Metadata parameters
Working mode-related parameters
Synchronization granularity
Monitoring-related parameters
Throttling
Monitoring information output-related parameters
Metadata management
Tenant management-related parameters
Fetcher module-related parameters
SQL query-related parameters
Filter data based on cluster_id
Server-level blocklist parameters
Partition-level blocklist parameters (generally not modified)
Server cache-related parameters
Log pulling-related parameters
Sequencer module-related parameters
REDO read control module-related parameters
Row data sorting module-related parameters
Configurations valid only in persistence mode
Storager module-related parameters
Data processor module-related parameters
Configurations related to batch redo log persistence
Parser module-related parameters
Formatter module-related parameters
Binlog record output-related parameters
Resource recycling-related parameters (modifications not recommended)