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Start on Cloud

A unified distributed database ready for your transactional, analytical, and AI workloads.

DEPLOY YOUR WAY

OceanBase Cloud

The best way to deploy and scale OceanBase

OceanBase Enterprise

Run and manage OceanBase on your infra

TRY OPEN SOURCE

OceanBase Community Edition

The free, open-source distributed database

OceanBase seekdb

Open source AI native search database

Customer Stories

Real-world success stories from enterprises across diverse industries.

View All
BY USE CASES

Mission-Critical Transactions

Global & Multicloud Application

Elastic Scaling for Peak Traffic

Real-time Analytics

Active Geo-redundancy

Database Consolidation

Comprehensive knowledge hub for OceanBase.

Blog

Live Demos

Training & Certification

Documentation

Official technical guides, tutorials, API references, and manuals for all OceanBase products.

View All
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QUICK START
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OceanBase Database

SQL - V4.2.0

  • What is OceanBase Database
    • Overview
    • Differences between the Enterprise Edition and the Community Edition
    • System architecture
    • Compatibility with Oracle
      • Overview
      • SQL data types
      • Built-in functions
      • System views
    • Compatibility with MySQL
    • Limitations
  • Get Started
    • Get started with OceanBase Database
    • Learn OceanBase SQL
      • Before you begin
      • Basic SQL operations (MySQL mode)
      • Basic SQL operations (Oracle mode)
    • Build a sample application (MySQL mode)
      • Build a Python application
      • Build a Java application
      • Build a C application
      • Build a Go application
    • Build a sample application (Oracle mode)
      • Build a Java application
      • Build a C application
    • Try out advanced features of OceanBase Database
      • Scalable OLTP
        • Run the TPC-C benchmark in OceanBase Database
        • Try out the hot row update capability of OceanBase Database
      • Try out operational OLAP
      • Try out parallel import and data compression
      • Try out the multi-tenant feature
    • Video tutorials
  • Develop
    • Develop applications in MySQL mode
      • Connect to OceanBase Database
        • Overview
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using the mysql client
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Boot
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Batch
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring JDBC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Data JPA
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Hibernate
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using MyBatis
        • Use database connection pool
          • Database connection pool configuration
          • Configure a Tomcat connection pool
          • Configure a C3P0 connection pool
          • Configure a Proxool connection pool
          • Configure a HiKariCP connection pool
          • Configure a DBCP connection pool
          • Configure a CommonPool connection pool
      • Sample applications
        • Python
          • mysqlclient
          • PyMySQL
      • Plan database objects
        • Create a database
        • Create a table group
        • Create a table
        • Create an index
        • Create an external table
      • Write data
        • Insert data
        • Update data
        • Delete data
        • Replace data
      • Read data
        • Single-table queries
        • Join tables
          • INNER JOIN queries
          • FULL JOIN queries
          • LEFT JOIN queries
          • RIGHT JOIN queries
          • Subqueries
        • Use operators and functions in queries
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use numerical functions in queries
          • Use string concatenation operators in queries
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use datetime functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use the CASE conditional operator in queries
          • Use the SELECT ... FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
          • Use the SELECT ... LOCK IN SHARE MODE statement to lock query results
        • Use a DBLink in queries
        • Set operations
      • Transactions
        • Overview
        • Start a transaction
        • Savepoints
          • Mark a savepoint
          • Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
          • Release a savepoint
        • Commit a transaction
        • Roll back a transaction
      • Application errors
        • Troubleshooting guidelines
          • About error codes
          • Error handling specifications for MySQL-compatible applications
        • Common errors and troubleshooting practices
          • Disconnected from the server, with ERROR 2013 reported
          • Idle transaction timed out, with ERROR 6002 reported
          • Transaction timed out, with ERROR 4012 reported
          • User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
          • Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
          • Table already exists, with ERROR 1050 reported
          • Table does not exist, with ERROR 1146 reported
          • Duplicate data inserted, with ERROR 1062 reported
          • ERROR 1215 reported in foreign key addition
          • Data truncated while being inserted, with ERROR 1265 reported
    • Develop applications in Oracle mode
      • Connect to OceanBase Database
        • Overview
        • Connect to an OceanBase Database tenant by using OBClient
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using ODC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Boot
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Batch
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring JDBC
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Spring Data JPA
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using Hibernate
        • Connect to OceanBase Database by using MyBatis
        • Use database connection pool
          • Database connection pool configuration
          • Configure a Tomcat connection pool
          • Configure a C3P0 connection pool
          • Configure a Proxool connection pool
          • Configure a HiKariCP connection pool
          • Configure a DBCP connection pool
          • Configure a CommonPool connection pool
          • Configure a JDBC connection pool
      • Sample applications
        • Java
          • OceanBase Connector/J
      • Plan database objects
        • Create a table group
        • Create a table
        • Create an index
        • Create an external table
      • Write data
        • Insert data
        • Update data
        • Delete data
        • Replace data
      • Read data
        • Single-table queries
        • Join tables
          • INNER JOIN queries
          • FULL JOIN queries
          • LEFT JOIN queries
          • RIGHT JOIN queries
          • Subqueries
        • Use operators and functions in queries
          • Use arithmetic operators in queries
          • Use numerical functions in queries
          • Use string concatenation operators in queries
          • Use string functions in queries
          • Use datetime functions in queries
          • Use type conversion functions in queries
          • Use aggregate functions in queries
          • Use NULL-related functions in queries
          • Use CASE functions in queries
          • Use the SELECT ... FOR UPDATE statement to lock query results
        • Use a DBLink in queries
        • Set operations
      • Transactions
        • Overview
        • Start a transaction
        • Savepoints
          • Mark a savepoint
          • Roll back a transaction to a savepoint
        • Commit a transaction
        • Roll back a transaction
      • Application errors
        • Troubleshooting guidelines
          • About error codes
          • Error handling specifications for Oracle-compatible applications
        • Common errors and troubleshooting practices
          • Idle transaction timed out, with Error ORA-24761 reported
          • Transaction timed out, with Error ORA-00600 reported
          • User locked, with ERROR 3118 reported
          • Incorrect user password, with ERROR 1045 reported
          • Table already exists, with Error ORA-00955 reported
          • Table does not exist, with Error ORA-04043 reported
          • Duplicate data inserted, with Error ORA-00001 reported
          • Error ORA-00600 reported in foreign key addition
          • Inconsistent data types, with Error ORA-00932 reported
  • Deploy
    • Overview
    • High availability deployment solutions for OceanBase clusters
    • Deploy OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition
      • Deployment process
      • Before deployment
        • Prepare servers
        • Server configuration
        • Prepare installation packages
        • Deploy OAT
      • Deploy through GUI
        • Configure deployment environment using OAT
          • Add a server
        • Deploy OCP
          • Overview
          • Upload installation packages
          • Create MetaDB
          • Deploy OCP
        • Deploy OceanBase clusters using OCP
          • Add a server to the resource pool
          • Deploy a two-replica OceanBase cluster with the arbitration service by using OCP
          • Deploy a single-replica OceanBase cluster by using OCP
          • Deploy a three-replica OceanBase cluster by using OCP
        • (Optional) Deploy ODP
      • Deploy through CLI
        • Configure deployment environment
          • Initialize an OBServer node by using oatcli
          • (Optional) Configure the clock source
        • Deploy OceanBase clusters using CLI
          • Deploy an OceanBase cluster with two replicas and an arbitration service using the CLI
          • Deploy a single-replica OceanBase cluster using the CLI
          • Deploy a three-replica OceanBase cluster using the CLI
        • (Optional) Deploy ODP
    • Deploy OceanBase Database Community Edition
      • Overview
      • Deploy locally
        • Software and hardware requirements
        • Before deployment
          • (Optional) Check resources
          • (Optional) Set password-free SSH logon
          • (Optional) Configure the clock source
          • (Optional) Perform disk planning
          • (Optional) Configure limits.conf
          • (Optional) Configure sysctl.conf
          • (Optional) Disable the firewall and SELinux
          • (Optional) Create a user
        • Deploy through GUI
          • Deploy an OceanBase cluster through the GUI of OBD
          • Deploy an OceanBase cluster through the GUI of OCP
        • Deploy OceanBase Database in a production environment by using the CLI
      • Deploy OceanBase Database in a Kubernetes cluster
    • Clear out an old cluster
  • Migrate
    • Overview
    • Migrate from MySQL databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use mydumper and myloader to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use CloudCanal to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use Canal to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use Flink CDC to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
      • Use ChunJun to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to MySQL databases
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use OMS to migrate incremental data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Synchronize data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using Canal
      • Migrate data from a MySQL OceanBase database to a MySQL database using CloudCanal
      • Use Flink CDC to migrate data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database
      • Migrate data from a MySQL database in OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using ChunJun
    • Migrate from Oracle databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle database to an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to Oracle databases
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
      • Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database
    • Migrate from DB2 databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a DB2 LUW database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a DB2 LUW database to an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database
      • Use DBCAT to migrate table schemas from a DB2 LUW database to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from OceanBase Database to DB2 databases
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database to a DB2 LUW database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to a DB2 LUW database
    • Migrate from TiDB databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a TiDB database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from PostgreSQL databases to OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from a PostgreSQL database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database
    • Migrate from CSV files to OceanBase Database
      • Use DataX to migrate CSV files to OceanBase Database
      • Import data by using the LOAD DATA statement
    • Import data from SQL files to OceanBase Database
    • Migrate data between OceanBase Database
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an OceanBase Database tenant to another of the same type
      • Use OMS to migrate data from an OceanBase Database tenant to another of the same type in active-active disaster recovery scenarios
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between MySQL tenants in OceanBase Database
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from a MySQL tenant to an Oracle tenant in OceanBase Database
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between Oracle tenants in OceanBase Database
      • Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from an Oracle tenant to a MySQL tenant in OceanBase Database
    • Migrate data using SQL statements
      • Migrate data between tables
      • Migrate resource units
      • Export data by using OUTFILE statements
    • Bypass import
      • Overview of direct load
      • Import data in bypass mode by using the LOAD DATA statement
      • Import data in bypass mode by using the INSERT INTO SELECT statement
  • Manage
    • Log on to an OceanBase Database tenant
    • Manage clusters
      • Overview
      • Cluster parameters
      • Common cluster operations
        • View a zone
        • View a node
        • Restart a node
        • Add a node
        • Delete a node
        • Isolate a node
        • Replace a node
        • Start a zone
        • Add a zone
        • Delete a zone
        • Modify a zone
        • Isolate a zone
        • View cluster parameters
        • Modify cluster parameters
        • Upgrade clusters
          • Upgrade OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition
            • Overview
            • Upgrade the arbitration service
            • Upgrade an OceanBase cluster
            • Check upgrade results
          • Upgrade OceanBase Database Community Edition
            • Upgrade OceanBase Database by using OBD
      • Troubleshoot common problems
        • Failures of a minority of nodes
        • Failures of the majority of nodes
    • Manage tenants
      • Tenants
      • Tenant capacity
      • Tenant types
      • User tenants
      • System variables of a tenant
      • Common tenant operations
        • Create a tenant
        • Resource isolation
          • Overview
          • Manage resource isolation (Oracle mode)
            • Configure cgroups
            • Calibrate the disk performance
            • Configure user-level resource isolation
            • Configure SQL statement-level resource isolation
            • Update a resource management plan config
            • Delete a resource management plan config
            • Delete a resource management plan
            • Delete a resource group
            • Clear cgroup configurations
          • Manage resource isolation (MySQL mode)
            • Configure cgroups
            • Configure user-level resource isolation
            • Calibrate the disk performance
            • Configure SQL statement-level resource isolation
            • Update a resource management plan config
            • Delete a resource management plan config
            • Delete a resource management plan
            • Delete a resource group
            • Clear cgroup configurations
        • View tenant and resource information
        • View and set a tenant allowlist
        • View system variables of a tenant
        • Modify system variables of a tenant
        • Scale in/out
          • Tenant scaling
          • Modify the unit configs for a tenant
          • Modify the number of resource units for a tenant
          • Modify the number of primary zones for a tenant
        • Modify attributes of a resource pool
        • Modify attributes of a tenant
        • Lock and unlock a tenant
        • Drop a tenant
        • Restore a tenant
        • Rename a tenant
        • Manage resource pools
          • View resource pools
          • Allocate a resource pool to a tenant
          • Remove a resource pool from a tenant
          • Merge resource pools and split a resource pool
          • Drop a resource pool
        • Manage unit configs
          • Query unit configs
          • Modify a unit config
          • Drop a unit config
    • Manage replicas
      • Overview
      • Replica distribution
        • Locality
        • Locality common operations
          • View locality
          • Modify locality
          • Add replicas
          • Remove replicas
          • Adjust the distribution of replicas
          • View the locality change history
          • Migrate units
      • Traffic distribution
      • Data distribution
    • High availability
      • Overview
      • Multi-replica disaster recovery
        • Data links
        • High availability of ODP
        • Database-level high availability
        • Disaster recovery architecture and levels
      • Physical standby database disaster recovery
        • Overview
        • Limitations
        • Create a standby tenant
          • Preparations
          • Create an empty standby tenant
          • Create a standby tenant by using the backup and recovery feature
          • Create a standby tenant by using the BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG feature
        • Log transmission service
          • Overview
          • Configure log transmission service
            • Specify a log restore source
            • Specify a log restore end point
          • View the log restore source
          • View the log synchronization progress
          • Suspend or enable log synchronization
          • Optimize the log synchronization performance
          • Specify log synchronization throttling
          • Specify log compression
        • Log storage service
        • Switch roles
          • Overview
          • Switchover
          • Failover
        • Drop a primary or standby tenant
      • Arbitration high availability
        • Overview
        • Enable the arbitration service for a tenant
        • Disable the arbitration service for a tenant
        • Modify the log stream downgrade control time
        • Replace the arbitration service for a cluster
        • Remove the arbitration service for a cluster
        • Clear residual cluster information
      • Manage recycle bin
        • Overview
        • Enable or disable the recycle bin
        • View objects in the recycle bin
        • Restore objects from the recycle bin
        • Purge the recycle bin
      • Flashback queries
    • Security and permissions
      • Overview
      • Identification and authentication
        • MySQL mode
          • Identity authentication
          • Password complexity
          • Logon failure processing
        • Oracle mode
          • Identity authentication
          • Password complexity
          • Logon failure processing
      • Access control
        • Overview
        • Users and permissions
          • Overview
          • MySQL mode
            • Create a user
            • Privilege types in MySQL mode
            • Grant privileges
            • Privilege delegation
            • View user privileges
            • Modify user privileges
            • Lock or unlock a user
            • Drop a user
          • Oracle mode
            • Privilege types in Oracle mode
            • Create a user
            • Grant direct privileges
            • Privilege delegation
            • Manage roles
              • Overview
              • Create a role
              • Grant a role to another role
              • Grant a role to a user
              • Activate or deactivate roles for a user
              • View roles
              • Modify a role
              • Revoke a role
              • Drop a role
            • Grant indirect privileges
            • View user privileges
            • Modify user privileges
            • Lock or unlock a user
            • Drop a user
        • Network security access control
        • RPC connection authentication
        • Row-level access control
      • Data transmission encryption
        • Overview
        • OBServer transmission encryption
        • ODP transmission encryption
      • Transparent data encryption
        • Overview
        • MySQL mode
          • Enable transparent data encryption for new tables
          • Enable transparent data encryption for existing tables
          • Decrypt a table
        • Oracle mode
          • Enable transparent data encryption for new tables
          • Enable transparent data encryption for existing tables
          • Decrypt a table
      • Security audit
        • Overview
        • Enable security audit
        • Set and view audit rules
        • View audit records
        • Audit user logon operations
        • Audit user operations
        • Audit specified database objects
    • Backup and restore
      • Introduction to physical backup and restore
      • Deploy NFS
      • Log archive
        • Overview
        • Prepare for log archiving
        • Enable ARCHIVELOG
        • Disable ARCHIVELOG
        • View information about pieces
        • View the archiving progress
        • View the archiving history
        • View the archiving parameter settings
        • Change the destination of log archiving
        • Views related to log archiving
      • Data backup
        • Preparations
        • Initiate a full data backup job
        • Initiate an incremental data backup job
        • Stop a backup job
        • View the data backup progress
        • View the data backup history
        • View data backup parameter settings
        • Change the backup destination
        • Views related to data backup
      • Clear backup data
        • Automatic cleanup of expired backups
        • Stop backup cleanup
        • Query the backup cleanup progress
        • Query the backup cleanup history
        • Backup cleanup parameter
        • Views related to backup cleanup
      • Restore data
        • Preparations
        • Perform a physical restore
        • Cancel physical restore
        • Query the restore progress
        • Query the restore result
        • Upgrade a tenant after restore
        • Convert a standby tenant into primary tenant
        • Replay logs to a standby tenant
        • Physical restore parameters
        • Views related to physical restore
    • Monitor
      • Overview
      • Metrics
        • System monitoring
          • Overview
          • Metrics
          • Wait events
          • Latch events
        • SQL monitoring
          • Overview
          • SQL audit
          • Execution plans
      • Cases
    • Logs
      • Overview
      • Log levels
      • Log stability
      • Log control
      • Log metrics
      • View logs
        • Search for the logs of a specific SQL request
        • Query the log of a previous SQL request by using the SQL Trace feature
    • Daily inspection
      • Overview
      • Check cluster parameters
      • Check the host status
      • Check tenant resource usage
      • Check cluster resource usage
      • Check the OBServer node status
      • Check the NTP offset
      • Deadlock detection
      • End-to-end tracing
        • Overview
        • Process
        • Methods
        • Show end-to-end tracing information
    • Performance tuning
      • Overview
      • Identify bottlenecks on a link
      • Identify bottlenecks within components
        • ODP performance bottlenecks
        • ODP performance analysis
        • OBServer performance bottlenecks
          • Overview
          • Non-optimal plan
            • Non-optimal plans
            • Buffer tables
            • Cardinality
          • Hard parsing
          • Capacity issues
          • Internal wait events
      • SQL tuning
        • Execution plan optimization
          • Statistics and cost-based optimization
            • Statistic information
              • Collect statistic information
                • Automatic statistics collection
        • Business logic optimization
          • Schema Specification
        • Locate and analyze slow queries (1)
        • Locate and analyze slow queries (II)
    • Troubleshooting
      • Overview
      • Bootstrap
      • Storage
        • Minor compaction and major compaction
        • Memory-related errors
        • Migration, replication, and rebuild tasks
      • Election
        • Election
        • Leader switchover exceptions
        • Absence of the leader
      • Transaction
        • Transaction-related errors
        • Transaction rollbacks
        • Long-running transactions
        • Suspended transactions
        • Idle transactions
      • Log synchronization-related errors
      • Troubleshoot SQL execution errors
      • Application error -- the error message does not contain an OceanBase error code
      • Application error -- the error message contains an OceanBase error code
    • Emergency response
      • Analysis, diagnostics, and decision-making process
      • Common emergency problem handling
        • Problems caused by capacity changes
          • High disk I/O on a node
          • Tenant memory full
  • Reference
    • System principles
      • Overall architecture of OceanBase Database
      • Development of OceanBase Database
      • Multi-tenant architecture
        • Overview
        • Compatibility modes
        • Tenants
        • Tenants and resource management
          • Tenant resource management
          • Multi-tenant resource isolation
          • Resource unit balancing
      • Database objects
        • Oracle mode
          • Introduction
            • Overview
            • Database object types
            • Database object storage
            • Dependencies between database objects
          • Tables
            • Overview
            • Data type
              • Overview
              • Character data types
              • Numeric data types
              • Date and time data types
              • Rowid data types
              • LOB data types
              • Format model
                • Overview
                • Number format models
                • Datetime format models
              • Multi-model data types
            • Integrity constraints
            • Table storage
            • Table compression
            • Partitioned table
            • Tables with and without a primary key
            • Temporary tables
          • Indexes
            • Overview
            • Local and global indexes
            • Unique and non-unique indexes
            • Index usage
            • Index storage
          • Partitions
            • Overview
            • Partitioning keys
            • Partitioning types
            • Partitioned indexes
          • Views
            • Overview
            • Data manipulation in views
            • Data access from views
            • Updatable views
          • Other objects
            • Sequences
            • Synonyms
          • System views
            • Dictionary views
            • Performance views
          • Data integrity
            • Data integrity overview
            • Integrity constraint type
              • Overview
              • NOT NULL constraints
              • UNIQUE constraints
              • PRIMARY KEY constraints
              • FOREIGN KEY constraints
              • CHECK constraints
            • Use of integrity constraints
        • MySQL mode
          • Introduction
            • Overview
            • Database object types
            • Database object storage
            • Dependencies between database objects
          • Tables
            • Overview
            • Data type
              • Overview
              • Numeric data types
              • Date and time data types
              • Character data types
              • LOB data types
              • Multi-model data types
              • Spatial data types
            • Integrity constraints
            • Table storage
            • Table compression
            • Partitioned table
            • Tables with and without a primary key
          • Indexes
            • Overview of indexes
            • Local and global indexes
            • Unique and non-unique indexes
            • Index usage
            • Index storage
          • Partitions
            • Overview
            • Partitioning keys
            • Partitioning types
            • Partitioned indexes
          • Views
            • Overview
            • Data manipulation in views
            • Data access from views
            • Updatable views
          • System views
            • Dictionary views
            • Performance views
          • Data integrity
            • Data integrity overview
            • Integrity constraint type
              • Overview
              • NOT NULL constraints
              • UNIQUE KEY constraints
              • PRIMARY KEY constraints
              • FOREIGN KEY constraints
            • Use of integrity constraints
      • Distributed database objects
        • Overview
        • Cluster architecture
        • Data partitions and replicas
          • Overview
          • Log streams
          • Partition replica type
            • Overview
            • Full-featured replica
          • Multi-replica consensus protocols
        • Dynamic scaling
          • Cluster scaling
          • Tenant resource scaling
            • Overview
            • Horizontal scaling of tenant resources
            • Vertical scaling of tenant resources
            • Cross-zone management of tenant resources
      • Data link
        • Overview
        • Database proxy
          • Overview
          • SQL routing
          • Connection management
          • ODP configuration management
          • Logs and monitoring
        • Database connector
          • Overview
          • OBCI
          • OceanBase Connector/J
          • OceanBase Connector/C
      • User interface and query language
        • SQL
          • Introduction
            • SQL overview
            • SQL data access
            • SQL standards
          • SQL statements
            • SQL statement overview
            • DDL statements
            • DML statements
            • DCL statements
          • Execution process of SQL queries
          • Query SQL execution plans
          • Distributed execution plan
            • Perform distributed execution and parallel queries
            • Generate distributed execution plans
            • Run and disable a parallel query
            • Manage distributed execution plans
            • Perform parameter tuning for a parallel query
        • PL
          • PL concepts
            • Oracle mode
              • Subprograms
              • Stored Procedures
              • Functions
              • Triggers
              • Packages
            • MySQL mode
              • Subprograms
              • Stored procedures
              • Functions
              • Triggers
          • PL subprogram execution mechanism
        • Client programming languages
      • Transaction management
        • Transaction
          • Overview
          • Transaction structure
          • Statement-level atomicity
          • GTS
          • Transaction control
            • Overview
            • Active transactions
            • Savepoint
            • Transaction control statements
              • MySQL transaction control
              • Oracle transaction control
          • Redo logs
          • Local transactions
          • Distributed transaction
            • Overview
            • Two-phase commit
          • XA transactions
        • Transaction concurrency and consistency
          • Overview
          • Multi-version read consistency
          • Concurrency control
            • Overview
            • Lock mechanism
          • Transaction isolation level
            • Overview
            • Transaction isolation levels in Oracle mode
            • Transaction isolation levels in MySQL mode
          • Weak consistency read
      • Storage architecture
        • Overview
        • Data storage
          • Overview
          • MemTables
          • SSTable
          • Compression and encoding
        • Compaction
          • Overview
          • Minor compaction
          • Merges
        • Multi-level caches
        • Query processing
        • Data integrity
          • Detect silent data corruption
      • Data reliability and high availability
        • High availability architecture
          • Overview
          • ODP high availability
          • Leader election in distributed systems
          • Multi-replica log synchronization
          • Paxos protocol
          • Automatic handling of node faults
        • Deployment solutions for disaster recovery
        • Data protection
          • Overview
          • Flashback queries
          • Recycle bin variables
        • Backup and restore
          • Overview
          • Backup directory structures
          • Backup architecture
          • Restore architecture
      • Database security
        • Overview
        • Authentication
        • Access control
        • Data transmission encryption
        • Data storage encryption
        • Monitoring and alert
        • Security audit
      • OBServer node architecture
        • Structure of the OBServer node working directory
        • Configuration files
        • observer thread model
          • Threads
          • Worker threads
          • Background threads
        • Logs
        • Memory management
          • Overview
          • Memory-related parameters
          • Memory-related views
          • Memory usage logs
          • Diagnose memory errors
    • System management
      • Configuration management
        • Overview
        • Set parameters
        • Set variables
        • General system parameters
        • Default production parameters
        • Minimum resource configurations
      • Storage management
        • Minor compaction management
          • Overview
          • Automatically trigger a minor compaction
          • Manually initiate a minor compaction
          • View the details of minor compactions
          • Modify minor compaction configurations
        • Major compaction management
          • Overview
          • Automatically trigger a major compaction
          • Configure scheduled major compactions
          • Adaptive major compaction
          • Manually initiate a major compaction
          • Manually control a major compaction
          • View the compaction process
          • Modify major compaction parameters
        • Data compression
          • Overview
          • Data encoding and compression
      • Memory management
        • Overview
        • Memory structure
        • Set the maximum memory for an OceanBase database
        • Manage internal system memory
        • Manage internal tenant memory
        • Manage the memory of the plan cache
        • Memleak-based regular memory leak diagnostics mechanism
        • Query memory usage information
        • Common memory issues
      • Process management
        • Overview
        • Multi-tenant threads of OceanBase Database
        • View the thread status
        • Background threads of OceanBase Database
        • FAQ about multi-tenant threads
      • Disk management
        • Configure automatic scale-out of disk space for data files
    • Database object management
      • Overview
      • MySQL mode
        • Create and manage databases
          • Create a database
          • View databases
          • Modify a database
          • Drop a database
        • Create and manage tables
          • Overview
          • Create a table
          • Define an auto-increment column
          • Define column constraints
          • Query the definition of a table
          • Modify a table
          • Empty a table
          • Drop a table
          • Lock a table
          • Create and manage external tables
            • Overview
            • Create an external table
            • Manage external files
        • Create and manage partitions
          • Overview
          • Create a partitioned table
          • Modify partitioning rules
          • Add a partition
          • Drop a partition
          • Truncate a partition
          • Partition pruning
          • Query data in specified partitions
          • Create indexes on partitioned tables
            • Overview
            • Local indexes
            • Global indexes
        • Create and manage table groups
          • Overview
          • Create a table group
          • Query information about a table group
          • Add tables to a table group
          • Modify the SHARDING attribute of a table group
          • Manage tables in a table group
          • Drop a table group
        • Create and manage indexes
          • Overview
          • Create an index
          • Query indexes
          • Drop an index
          • System functions supported for function-based indexes
          • System functions not supported for function-based indexes
        • Manage views
        • Create and manage sequences
          • Create a sequence
          • Query sequences
          • Reference a sequence
          • Modify a sequence
          • Drop a sequence
        • Create and manage triggers
          • Overview
          • Create a DML trigger
          • Query trigger information
          • Drop a trigger
        • Create and manage DBLinks
          • Create a DBLink
          • Query a DBLink
          • Use a DBLink to access data in a remote database
          • Drop a DBLink
      • Oracle mode
        • Create and manage tables
          • Overview
          • Create a table
          • Define column constraints
          • Query the definition of a table
          • Modify a table
          • Empty a table
          • Drop a table
          • Lock a table
          • Create and manage external tables
            • Overview
            • Create an external table
            • Manage external files
        • Create and manage partitions
          • Overview
          • Create a partitioned table
          • Modify partitioning rules
          • Add a partition
          • Drop a partition
          • Truncate a partition
          • Partition pruning
          • Query data in specified partitions
          • Create indexes on partitioned tables
            • Overview
            • Local indexes
            • Global indexes
        • Create and manage table groups
          • Overview
          • Create a table group
          • Query information about a table group
          • Add tables to a table group
          • Modify the SHARDING attribute of a table group
          • Manage tables in a table group
          • Drop a table group
        • Create and manage indexes
          • Overview
          • Create an index
          • Query indexes
          • Drop an index
          • System functions supported for function-based indexes
          • System functions not supported for function-based indexes
        • Manage views
        • Manage sequences
        • Manage synonyms
        • Create and manage triggers
          • Overview
          • Create a DML trigger
          • Create an INSTEAD OF trigger
          • Create a composite trigger
          • Modify and drop a trigger
          • Disable or enable a trigger
          • Query trigger information
        • Manage directory objects
        • Create and manage DBLinks
          • Create a DBLink
          • Query existing DBLinks
          • Use a DBLink to access data in a remote database
          • Use a DBLink to modify data in a remote database
          • Drop a DBLink
          • Install and configure OCI
    • Database design specifications and practices
      • Object naming conventions
        • Overview
        • Tenant naming conventions
        • User naming conventions
        • Table naming conventions
        • Field naming conventions
        • Other naming conventions
      • Object structure design specifications
        • Field design
        • Table structure design
        • Partitioned table design
        • Index design
        • Other structural designs
      • Character set specifications
      • Database connection specifications
      • Comments
      • ORM conventions
      • Exception handling
    • SQL reference
      • SQL syntax
        • System tenants
          • Overview
          • ALTER SYSTEM
            • ACTIVATE
            • ARCHIVELOG
            • ARBITRATION
            • BOOTSTRAP
            • BACKUP
            • BALANCE TASK
            • CANCEL MIGRATE UNIT
            • MERGE
            • MIGRATE UNIT
            • DELETE BACKUP
            • FAILOVER
            • FLUSH PLAN CACHE
            • JOB
            • LOG RESTORE SOURCE
            • PARAMETER
            • RECOVER
            • REFRESH
            • RESTORE
            • SERVER
            • SWITCHOVER
            • THROTTLE
            • ZONE
          • ALTER RESOURCE POOL
          • ALTER RESOURCE TENANT
          • ALTER RESOURCE UNIT
          • ALTER TENANT
          • CREATE RESOURCE POOL
          • CREATE RESOURCE UNIT
          • CREATE TENANT
          • DROP RESOURCE POOL
          • DROP RESOURCE UNIT
          • DROP TENANT
          • SET DECRYPTION
          • SET ENCRYPTION
        • User tenants (MySQL mode)
          • Basic elements
            • Data types
              • Overview
              • Numeric types
                • Overview
                • Integer data types
                • Fixed-point data types
                • Floating-point data types
                • Bit value data type
              • Date and time types
                • Overview
                • DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP types
                • TIME type
                • YEAR type
              • String types
                • Overview
                • CHAR and VARCHAR
                • BINARY and VARBINARY
              • Large objects and text types
                • Overview
                • BLOB types
                • TEXT types
              • ENUM type
              • SET type
              • JSON data types
                • Overview
                • Create a JSON value
                • Query and modify JSON values
                • Convert a JSON data type
              • Spatial data types
                • Overview
                • SRS
                • Create a spatial column
                • Create a spatial index
                • Spatial data formats
            • Expressions
              • Overview
              • Expression syntax
              • Convert data types in expression evaluation
            • Character set and collation
              • Overview
              • Character sets
              • Collations
              • Database-level character sets and collations
              • Table-level character sets and collations
              • Column-level character sets and collations
              • Character sets and collations for character expressions
              • Character sets and collations for client connection
            • Literals
              • Overview
              • Strings
              • Numbers
              • Date and time values
              • Bit values
              • Boolean values
              • NULLs
            • Schema object names
            • User-defined variables
            • Comments
          • Operators
            • Overview
            • Operator precedence
            • Arithmetic operators
            • Bitwise operators
            • Comparison operators
            • Logical operators
            • Assignment operators
            • Date and time operators
            • Concatenation operators
            • BINARY operator
            • CASE conditional operator
          • Sequence pseudocolumns
          • Functions
            • Overview
            • Single-row functions
              • Date and time functions
                • ADDDATE
                • CONVERT_TZ
                • CURDATE
                • CURRENT_DATE
                • CURRENT_TIME
                • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                • CURTIME
                • DATE
                • DATE_ADD
                • DATE_FORMAT
                • DATE_SUB
                • DATEDIFF
                • DAYOFMONTH
                • DAYOFWEEK
                • DAYOFYEAR
                • EXTRACT
                • FROM_DAYS
                • FROM_UNIXTIME
                • GET_FORMAT
                • HOUR
                • LAST_DAY
                • LOCALTIME
                • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                • MAKEDATE
                • MAKETIME
                • MICROSECOND
                • MINUTE
                • MONTH
                • MONTHNAME
                • NOW
                • PERIOD_ADD
                • PERIOD_DIFF
                • QUARTER
                • SEC_TO_TIME
                • SECOND
                • STR_TO_DATE
                • SUBDATE
                • SUBTIME
                • SYSDATE
                • TIME
                • TIME_FORMAT
                • TIME_TO_SEC
                • TIME_TO_USEC
                • TIMEDIFF
                • TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMPADD
                • TIMESTAMPDIFF
                • TO_DAYS
                • TO_SECONDS
                • UNIX_TIMESTAMP
                • USEC_TO_TIME
                • UTC_DATE
                • UTC_TIME
                • UTC_TIMESTAMP
                • WEEK
                • WEEKDAY
                • WEEKOFYEAR
                • YEARWEEK
                • YEAR
                • ADDTIME
                • DAYNAME
                • DAY
              • String functions
                • ASCII
                • BIN
                • BIT_LENGTH
                • CHAR
                • CHAR_LENGTH
                • CHARACTER_LENGTH
                • CONCAT
                • CONCAT_WS
                • ELT
                • EXPORT_SET
                • FIELD
                • FIND_IN_SET
                • FORMAT
                • HEX
                • INSERT
                • INSTR
                • INT2IP
                • IP2INT
                • LCASE
                • LEFT
                • LENGTH
                • LOCATE
                • LOWER
                • LPAD
                • LTRIM
                • MAKE_SET
                • MID
                • OCT
                • OCTET_LENGTH
                • ORD
                • POSITION
                • QUOTE
                • REGEXP
                • REGEXP_INSTR
                • REGEXP_LIKE
                • REGEXP_REPLACE
                • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                • REPEAT
                • REPLACE
                • REVERSE
                • RIGHT
                • RLIKE
                • RPAD
                • RTRIM
                • SPACE
                • STRCMP
                • SUBSTR
                • SUBSTRING
                • SUBSTRING_INDEX
                • TRIM
                • UCASE
                • UNHEX
                • UPPER
                • WEIGHT_STRING
                • TO_BASE64
                • FROM_BASE64
                • SOUNDEX
              • Conversion functions
                • CAST
                • CONVERT
                • SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
              • Mathematical functions
                • ABS
                • ACOS
                • ASIN
                • ATAN
                • ATAN2
                • BIT_COUNT
                • CEIL
                • CEILING
                • CONV
                • COS
                • COT
                • CRC32
                • DEGREES
                • EXP
                • FLOOR
                • GENERATOR
                • LN
                • LOG
                • LOG10
                • LOG2
                • MOD
                • NEG
                • NORMAL
                • PI
                • POW
                • POWER
                • RADIANS
                • RAND
                • RANDOM
                • RANDSTR
                • ROUND
                • SIGN
                • SIN
                • SQRT
                • TAN
                • TRUNCATE
                • UNIFORM
                • ZIPF
              • Comparison functions
                • GREATEST
                • INTERVAL
                • ISNULL
                • LEAST
              • Process control functions
                • CASE
                • IF
                • IFNULL
                • NULLIF
                • ORA_DECODE
            • Aggregate functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • COUNT
              • GROUP_CONCAT
              • GROUPING
              • MAX
              • MIN
              • STD
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
            • Analysis functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • COUNT
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • FIRST_VALUE
              • LAG
              • LAST_VALUE
              • LEAD
              • MAX
              • MIN
              • NTH_VALUE
              • NTILE
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • RANK
              • ROW_NUMBER
              • STD
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
            • Encryption functions
              • AES_DECRYPT
              • AES_ENCRYPT
              • COMPRESS
              • DECODE
              • DES_DECRYPT
              • DES_ENCRYPT
              • ENCODE
              • ENCRYPT
              • MD5
              • UNCOMPRESS
              • UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH
              • RANDOM_BYTES
              • SHA
              • SHA1
              • SHA2
              • VALIDATE_PASSWORD_STRENGTH
            • Information functions
              • BENCHMARK
              • CHARSET
              • COERCIBILITY
              • COLLATION
              • CONNECTION_ID
              • CURRENT_USER
              • DATABASE
              • FOUND_ROWS
              • LAST_INSERT_ID
              • ICU_VERSION
              • ROW_COUNT
              • SCHEMA
              • SESSION_USER
              • SYSTEM_USER
              • USER
              • VERSION
              • OB_VERSION
            • JSON functions
              • Create JSON text functions
                • JSON_ARRAY
                • JSON_OBJECT
                • JSON_QUOTE
              • Search JSON text functions
                • JSON_CONTAINS
                • JSON_CONTAINS_PATH
                • JSON_EXTRACT
                • JSON_KEYS
                • JSON_OVERLAPS
                • JSON_SEARCH
                • JSON_VALUE
                • MEMBER OF
              • Modify JSON text functions
                • JSON_ARRAY_APPEND
                • JSON_ARRAY_INSERT
                • JSON_INSERT
                • JSON_MERGE
                • JSON_MERGE_PATCH
                • JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE
                • JSON_REMOVE
                • JSON_REPLACE
                • JSON_SET
                • JSON_UNQUOTE
              • Return JSON text property functions
                • JSON_DEPTH
                • JSON_LENGTH
                • JSON_TYPE
                • JSON_VALID
              • JSON utility functions
                • JSON_PRETTY
                • JSON_STORAGE_SIZE
              • JSON aggregate functions
                • JSON_ARRAYAGG
                • JSON_OBJECTAGG
            • Spatial functions
              • Functions that create geometry values
              • Spatial operation functions
              • Spatial relation functions
              • Geometry property functions
              • Geometry format conversion functions
            • Performance schema functions
              • FORMAT_BYTES
              • FORMAT_PICO_TIM
            • Other functions
              • ANY_VALUE
              • BIN_TO_UUID
              • COALESCE
              • DEFAULT
              • NAME_CONST
              • INET_ATON
              • INET_NTOA
              • INET6_ATON
              • INET6_NTOA
              • IS_IPV4
              • IS_IPV4_COMPAT
              • IS_IPV6
              • IS_UUID
              • NVL
              • UUID_TO_BIN
              • SLEEP
              • UUID
              • UUID_SHORT
              • VALUES
          • Queries and subqueries
            • Overview
            • Subqueries
            • Joins
          • SQL statements
            • General syntax
            • Common Table Expressions
            • ALTER DATABASE
            • ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE
            • ALTER OUTLINE
            • ALTER SEQUENCE
            • MERGE
            • ALTER TABLE
            • ALTER TABLEGROUP
            • ALTER USER
            • ALTER VIEW
            • ANALYZE
            • CREATE DATABASE LINK
            • CREATE DATABASE
            • CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE
            • CREATE INDEX
            • CREATE OUTLINE
            • DROP RESTORE POINT
            • CREATE SEQUENCE
            • CREATE TABLE
            • CREATE TABLEGROUP
            • CREATE USER
            • CREATE VIEW
            • DEALLOCATE PREPARE
            • DROP DATABASE LINK
            • DELETE
            • DESCRIBE
            • DROP DATABASE
            • DROP INDEX
            • DROP OUTLINE
            • DROP TABLE
            • DROP TABLEGROUP
            • DROP SEQUENCE
            • DROP USER
            • DROP VIEW
            • EXECUTE
            • EXPLAIN
            • FLASHBACK
            • GRANT
            • HELP
            • INSERT
            • KILL
            • LOAD DATA
            • LOCK TABLES
            • MERGE
            • OPTIMIZE
            • PREPARE
            • PURGE
            • PURGE RECYCLEBIN
            • RENAME USER
            • RENAME TABLE
            • REPLACE
            • REVOKE
            • SAVEPOINT
            • SCHEMA
            • SELECT INTO
            • SELECT
              • SELECT statement
              • JOIN clause
              • OVER clause
              • UNION clause
            • SET
            • SET CHARSET
            • SET NAMES
            • SET PASSWORD
            • SET TRANSACTION
            • SHOW
            • TRANSACTION
            • TRUNCATE TABLE
            • UPDATE
            • USE
          • DDL feature
            • Overview
            • Index operations
            • Primary key operations
            • Column operations
            • Generated column operations
            • Foreign key operations
            • Table operations
            • Partition operations
            • Column type change rules
        • User tenants (Oracle mode)
          • Introduction to SQL
          • Pseudo columns
            • Overview
            • Hierarchical query pseudocolumns
            • Sequence pseudocolumns
            • ORA_ROWSCN pseudocolumn
            • ROWNUM pseudocolumn
            • ROWID pseudocolumn
          • Basic elements
            • Built-in data types
              • Overview
              • Character data types
                • Overview
                • CHAR data type
                • NCHAR data type
                • NVARCHAR2 data type
                • VARCHAR2 data type
                • VARCHAR data type
              • Numeric data types
                • Overview
                • NUMBER data type
                • FLOAT data type
                • Floating-point numbers
                • Precedence of numeric data types
              • Date, time, and interval data types
                • Overview
                • DATE data type
                • TIMESTAMP data type
                • TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE data type
                • TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE data type
                • INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH data type
                • INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND data type
                • Calculation of dates, timestamps, and intervals
              • RAW data type
              • Large object data types
                • Overview
                • BLOB data type
                • CLOB data type
              • Rowid data types
              • User-defined data types
              • Any types
              • JSON data types
                • Overview
                • Create JSON columns
                • Query JSON data
                • Conversion rules for JSON data types
              • XML data types
                • Overview
                • XML data definition
                • Create an XMLType column
                • Query XMLType data
                • Convert XMLType data
            • Data type comparison rules
              • Overview
              • Numeric value comparison rules
              • Date value comparison rules
              • Character value comparison rules
              • Data type precedence
              • Data type conversion rules
              • Security considerations for data conversion
            • Literals
              • Overview
              • Text literals
              • Numeric literals
              • Date and time literals
                • Date literals
                • Timestamp literals
              • Interval literals
            • Format model
              • Overview
              • Number format models
              • Datetime format models
              • RR datetime format element
              • String-to-date conversion rules
            • NULL value
              • Overview
              • NULLs in SQL functions
              • NULLs in comparison conditions
              • NULLs in conditional expressions
            • Annotations
              • Overview
              • Comments within SQL statements
              • Comments on schema and nonschema objects
              • Hints
                • Overview
                • Hint list
                  • Hints related to access path
                  • Hints related to join orders
                  • Hints related to joins
                  • Hints related to parallel execution
                  • Hints related to query strategy
                  • Hints related to query conversion
                  • Other hints
            • Database objects
              • Schema objects
              • Non-schema objects
            • Database naming conventions
              • Overview
              • Suggestions on schema object names
            • Database object reference methods
              • Overview
              • Reference schema objects
              • Reference objects in a remote database
                • Create a DBLink
                • Reference a DBLink
              • Reference partitioned tables and indexes
              • Reference an attribute or method of an object type
            • Character sets and collations
          • Operators
            • Overview
            • Operator precedence
            • Arithmetic operators
            • Concatenation operator
            • Hierarchical query operators
            • Set operators
            • COLLATE operator
          • Functions
            • Overview
            • Single-row functions
              • Numeric functions
                • ABS
                • ACOS
                • ASIN
                • ATAN
                • ATAN2
                • BITAND
                • CEIL
                • COS
                • COSH
                • EXP
                • FLOOR
                • GENERATOR
                • LN
                • LOG
                • MOD
                • NANVL
                • NORMAL
                • POWER
                • REMAINDER
                • ROUND
                • RANDOM
                • RANDSTR
                • SIGN
                • SIN
                • SINH
                • SQRT
                • TAN
                • TANH
                • TRUNC
                • UNIFORM
                • WIDTH_BUCKET
                • ZIPF
              • String functions that return a string
                • CHR
                • CONCAT
                • INITCAP
                • LOWER
                • LPAD
                • LTRIM
                • NLS_LOWER
                • NLSSORT
                • NLS_UPPER
                • REGEXP_REPLACE
                • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                • REPLACE
                • RPAD
                • RTRIM
                • SUBSTR
                • TRANSLATE
                • TRANSLATE ... USING
                • TRIM
                • UPPER
              • String functions that return numbers
                • ASCII
                • INSTR
                • LENGTH
                • REGEXP_COUNT
                • REGEXP_INSTR
              • Date and time functions
                • ADD_MONTHS
                • CURRENT_DATE
                • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                • DBTIMEZONE
                • EXTRACT(datetime)
                • FROM_TZ
                • LAST_DAY
                • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                • MONTHS_BETWEEN
                • NEXT_DAY
                • NUMTODSINTERVAL
                • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
                • ROUND(date)
                • SESSIONTIMEZONE
                • SYS_EXTRACT_UTC
                • SYSDATE
                • SYSTIMESTAMP
                • TO_CHAR(datetime)
                • TO_DSINTERVAL
                • TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
                • TO_YMINTERVAL
                • TRUNC(date)
                • TZ_OFFSET
              • Generic comparison functions
                • GREATEST
                • LEAST
              • Conversion functions
                • ASCIISTR
                • CAST
                • CHARTOROWID
                • CONVERT
                • HEXTORAW
                • NUMTODSINTERVAL
                • NUMTOYMINTERVAL
                • RAWTOHEX
                • ROWIDTOCHAR
                • ROWIDTONCHAR
                • SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN
                • TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
                • TO_BINARY_FLOAT
                • TO_BLOB
                • TO_CHAR(character)
                • TO_CHAR(datetime)
                • TO_CHAR(number)
                • TO_CLOB
                • TO_DATE
                • TO_DSINTERVAL
                • TO_MULTI_BYTE
                • TO_NUMBER
                • TO_NCHAR(character)
                • TO_NCHAR(datetime)
                • TO_NCHAR(number)
                • TO_SINGLE_BYTE
                • TO_TIMESTAMP
                • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
                • TO_YMINTERVAL
                • UNISTR
              • Encoding and decoding functions
                • DECODE
                • DUMP
                • ORA_HASH
                • VSIZE
              • Null value related functions
                • COALESCE
                • LNNVL
                • NANVL
                • NULLIF
                • NVL
                • NVL2
              • Environment and identifier functions
                • SYS_CONTEXT
                • SYS_GUID
                • UID
                • USER
                • USERENV
                • OB_VERSION
              • Hierarchical functions
                • SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH
              • JSON functions
                • Overview
                • Create JSON text functions
                  • JSON_ARRAY
                  • JSON_OBJECT
                  • JSON_ARRAYAGG
                  • JSON_OBJECTAGG
                • Query JSON text functions
                  • JSON_VALUE
                  • JSON_QUERY
                  • JSON_EXISTS
                  • JSON_TABLE
                • Validate JSON text functions
                  • JSON_EQUAL
                • Modify JSON text functions
                  • JSON_MERGEPATCH
              • XML functions
                • Overview
                • Construct XMLType data functions
                  • XMLAGG
                  • XMLATTRIBUTES
                  • XMLELEMENT
                  • XMLPARSE
                • Query XMLType data functions
                  • EXTRACT
                  • EXTRACT VALUE
                  • XMLSERIALIZE
                  • XMLCAST
                • Modify XMLType data functions
                  • UPDATEXML
            • Aggregate functions
              • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
              • AVG
              • CORR
              • COUNT
              • COVAR_POP
              • COVAR_SAMP
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • GROUPING
              • KEEP
              • LISTAGG
              • MAX
              • MEDIAN
              • MIN
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • PERCENTILE_CONT
              • PERCENTILE_DISC
              • RANK
              • REGR_(Linear Regression)
              • ROLLUP
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
            • Analysis functions
              • Analytic functions
              • AVG
              • CORR
              • COUNT
              • COVAR_POP
              • COVAR_SAMP
              • CUME_DIST
              • DENSE_RANK
              • FIRST_VALUE
              • KEEP
              • LAG
              • LAST_VALUE
              • LEAD
              • LISTAGG
              • MAX
              • MEDIAN
              • MIN
              • NTILE
              • NTH_VALUE
              • PERCENT_RANK
              • PERCENTILE_CONT
              • PERCENTILE_DISC
              • RANK
              • RATIO_TO_REPORT
              • REGR_(Linear Regression)
              • ROW_NUMBER
              • STDDEV
              • STDDEV_POP
              • STDDEV_SAMP
              • SUM
              • VAR_POP
              • VAR_SAMP
              • VARIANCE
              • WMSYS.WM_CONCAT/WM_CONCAT
          • Expressions
            • Overview
            • Simple expressions
            • Compound expressions
            • Case expressions
            • Column expressions
            • CURSOR expressions
            • Datetime expressions
            • Function expressions
            • Interval expressions
            • Scalar subquery expressions
            • Type constructor expressions
            • Expression list
          • Conditions
            • Overview
            • Condition precedence
            • Comparison conditions
            • Floating-point conditions
            • Logical conditions
            • Pattern-matching conditions
            • Null conditions
            • Compound conditions
            • BETWEEN condition
            • EXISTS condition
            • IN condition
          • Queries and subqueries
            • Overview
            • Simple query
            • Hierarchical query
            • Compound query
            • Join query
            • Subquery
            • DUAL table query
          • SQL statements
            • DDL
              • ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE
              • ALTER INDEX
              • ALTER KEYSTORE
              • ALTER OUTLINE
              • ALTER PROFILE
              • ALTER ROLE
              • ALTER SEQUENCE
              • ALTER SESSION
              • ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH PLAN CACHE
              • ALTER SYSTEM PARAMETER
              • ALTER TABLE
              • ALTER TABLEGROUP
              • ALTER USER
              • CREATE CONTEXT
              • CREATE DIRECTORY
              • CREATE DATABASE LINK
              • CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE
              • CREATE INDEX
              • CREATE KEYSTORE
              • CREATE OUTLINE
              • CREATE PROFILE
              • CREATE ROLE
              • CREATE SEQUENCE
              • CREATE SYNONYM
              • CREATE TABLE
              • CREATE TABLEGROUP
              • CREATE TABLESPACE
              • CREATE USER
              • CREATE VIEW
              • DROP CONTEXT
              • DROP DATABASE LINK
              • DROP DIRECTORY
              • DROP INDEX
              • DROP OUTLINE
              • DROP PROFILE
              • DROP ROLE
              • DROP SEQUENCE
              • DROP SYNONYM
              • DROP TABLE
              • DROP TABLEGROUP
              • DROP TABLESPACE
              • DROP USER
              • DROP VIEW
              • RENAME
              • TRUNCATE TABLE
              • ALTER SYSTEM MAJOR FREEZE
            • DML
              • DELETE
              • INSERT
              • MERGE
              • PURGE
              • EXPLAIN
              • SELECT
                • SIMPLE SELECT
                • Set-based SELECT
                • WITH CLAUSE
              • UPDATE
            • DCL
              • ANALYZE
              • AUDIT
              • COMMENT
              • COMMIT
              • FLASHBACK TABLE BEFORE DROP
              • GRANT
              • KILL
              • LOAD DATA
              • LOCK TABLE
              • REVOKE
              • ROLLBACK
              • SAVEPOINT
              • SET NAMES
              • SET PASSWORD
              • SET ROLE
              • SET VARIABLE
              • SHOW
              • SHRINK
              • TRANSACTION
          • DDL feature
            • Overview
            • Index operations
            • Primary key operations
            • Column operations
            • Generated column operations
            • Foreign key operations
            • Table operations
            • Partition operations
            • Column type change rules
      • SQL specifications and practices
        • Limitations on writing SQL statements
        • SQL writing specifications
          • SELECT statements
          • DML statements
          • Multi-table join statements
          • Table scan
          • Transactions
          • Cache
          • Hint
          • Other specifications
        • SQL statement examples
          • Implicit data type conversion
          • JOIN tables
          • Weak consistency read
          • Pagination queries
      • PL reference
        • What is PL
          • Overview
          • Main features of PL
          • PL architecture
        • PL reference (MySQL mode)
          • Syntax of PL stored programs
          • PL stored procedures
            • Overview
            • Variables in stored programs
            • Stored procedures
            • Stored functions
            • Trigger
            • Limitations on stored programs
          • PL cursors
            • Overview
            • Cursor execution process
            • Limitations on server cursors
          • PL conditional control statements
            • CASE
            • IF
            • ITERATE
            • LEAVE
            • LOOP
            • REPEAT
            • RETURN
            • WHILE
          • PL data manipulation statements
            • CALL
            • DO
          • PL data definition statements
            • ALTER FUNCTION
            • ALTER PROCEDURE
            • CREATE FUNCTION
            • CREATE PROCEDURE
            • CREATE TRIGGER
            • DROP FUNCTION
            • DROP PROCEDURE
            • DROP TRIGGER
          • PL database management statements
            • SHOW CREATE FUNCTION
            • SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE
            • SHOW CREATE TRIGGER
            • SHOW FUNCTION STATUS
            • SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS
            • SHOW TRIGGERS
          • PL related dictionary views
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARAMETERS
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES
            • INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS
          • PL exception handling
            • Overview
            • DECLARE ... CONDITION
            • DECLARE ... HANDLER
            • GET DIAGNOSTICS
            • RESIGNAL
            • SIGNAL
            • Effective scope of an exception handler
            • Diagnostics area
            • Exception handling and OUT/INOUT parameters
            • Limitations on exception handling
          • PL system packages
            • Overview
            • DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • CREATE_PLAN
              • CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • DELETE_PLAN
              • DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
              • UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • DBMS_STATS
              • Overview
              • ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • CREATE_STAT_TABLE
              • DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
              • DELETE_INDEX_STATS
              • DELETE_TABLE_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
              • DROP_STAT_TABLE
              • EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
              • GATHER_INDEX_STATS
              • GATHER_TABLE_STATS
              • GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • GET_PARAM
              • GET_PREFS
              • IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
              • RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
              • PURGE_STATS
              • SET_COLUMN_STATS
              • SET_INDEX_STATS
              • SET_TABLE_STATS
              • SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
              • SET_PARAM
              • SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • SET_TABLE_PREFS
              • UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
            • DBMS_UDR
              • Overview
              • CREATE_RULE
              • DISABLE_RULE
              • ENABLE_RULE
              • REMOVE_RULE
            • DBMS_XPLAN
              • Overview
              • DISPLAY_ACTIVE_SESSION_PLAN
              • DISPLAY_CURSOR
              • DISPLAY
              • DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • DISPLAY_SQL_PLAN_BASELINE
              • ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
          • Reserved and non-reserved PL keywords
        • PL reference (Oracle mode)
          • PL language basics
            • Character sets
            • Lexical units
            • Declare
            • Reference identifiers
            • Scope and visibility of identifiers
            • Assign values
            • Expressions
            • PL blocks
            • Subprograms
            • Error-reporting functions
          • PL data types
            • Overview
            • SQL data types
            • LOB data types
            • BOOLEAN type
            • User-defined subtypes
            • PLS_INTEGER and BINARY_INTEGER
            • Arrays
            • PL JSON data types
          • PL process control
            • Overview
            • Conditional control
            • Loop control
            • Sequential control
          • PL collections and records
            • Overview
            • Collections
            • Associative arrays
            • Varrays
            • Nested tables
            • Collection constructor function
            • Collection methods
              • Overview
              • DELETE method
              • TRIM method
              • EXTEND method
              • EXISTS method
              • FIRST and LAST methods
              • COUNT method
              • LIMIT method
              • PRIOR and NEXT methods
            • Records
            • Insert records into a table and update a table by using records
            • Create and call a subprogram with record type parameters
          • PL static SQL
            • Overview
            • Cursors
              • Overview
              • Cursor attributes
              • Implicit cursors
              • Explicit cursors
              • Cursor variables
              • Traverse cursor data by using the FOR loop
              • Modify and drop a cursor
            • Transaction processing and control
            • Autonomous transactions
              • Overview
              • Control autonomous transactions
              • Autonomous triggers
              • Call autonomous functions from SQL statements
          • PL dynamic SQL
            • Overview
            • Execute dynamic SQL statements
            • DBMS_SQL system package
          • PL stored procedures and functions
            • Overview
            • Create a stored procedure
            • Create a function
            • Manage stored procedures and functions
            • Privilege control
            • Pipeline functions
              • Overview
              • Create a pipelined table function
              • Application
            • User-defined functions
              • Overview
              • Interface for user-defined aggregate functions
              • Create user-defined aggregate functions
              • Use user-defined aggregate functions
            • Collection of stored procedure information and its impact on parallel SQL execution
          • PL triggers
            • Overview
            • Create a DML trigger
            • Modify and drop a trigger
            • Disable or enable a trigger
            • Query trigger information
            • INSTEAD OF DML trigger
            • Compound DML trigger
          • PL packages
            • Overview
            • Create a program package
            • Overloaded programs in a package
            • Manage program packages
            • Definition of the PL environment by the STANDARD package
          • PL exception handling
            • Overview
            • Compile-time alerts
            • Exception types
            • Exception handling processes
          • DDL operations on stored PL units
            • Overview
            • ALTER FUNCTION
            • ALTER PACKAGE
            • ALTER PROCEDURE
            • ALTER TRIGGER
            • ALTER TYPE
            • CREATE FUNCTION
            • CREATE PACKAGE
            • CREATE PACKAGE BODY
            • CREATE PROCEDURE
            • CREATE TRIGGER
            • CREATE TYPE
            • CREATE TYPE BODY
            • DROP FUNCTION
            • DROP PACKAGE
            • DROP PROCEDURE
            • DROP TRIGGER
            • DROP TYPE
            • DROP TYPE BODY
          • PL label security package
            • Overview
            • SA_SYSDBA policy management package
              • Overview
              • SA_SYSDBA.ALTER_POLICY
              • SA_SYSDBA.CREATE_POLICY
              • SA_SYSDBA.DROP_POLICY
            • SA_COMPONENTS label component package
              • Overview
              • SA_COMPONENTS.ALTER_LEVEL
              • SA_COMPONENTS.CREATE_LEVEL
              • SA_COMPONENTS.DROP_LEVEL
            • SA_LABEL_ADMIN label management package
              • Overview
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.ALTER_LABEL
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.CREATE_LABEL
              • SA_LABEL_ADMIN.DROP_LABEL
            • SA_POLICY_ADMIN policy management package
              • Overview
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.APPLY_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.DISABLE_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.ENABLE_TABLE_POLICY
              • SA_POLICY_ADMIN.REMOVE_TABLE_POLICY
            • SA_USER_ADMIN user label management package
              • Overview
              • SA_USER_ADMIN.SET_LEVELS
            • SA_SESSION session management package
              • Overview
              • SA_SESSION.LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.RESTORE_DEFAULT_LABELS
              • SA_SESSION.ROW_LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.SET_LABEL
              • SA_SESSION.SET_ROW_LABEL
          • PL system package (Oracle mode)
            • Overview
            • DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO
              • Overview
              • READ_CLIENT_INFO
              • READ_MODULE
              • SET_ACTION
              • SET_CLIENT_INFO
              • SET_MODULE
            • DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT
              • Overview
              • CLEAN_AUDIT_TRAIL
              • CREATE_PURGE_JOB
              • DROP_PURGE_JOB
              • SET_LAST_ARCHIVE_TIMESTAMP
              • SET_PURGE_JOB_STATUS
            • DBMS_CRYPTO
              • Overview
              • ENCRYPT
              • DECRYPT
              • HASH
            • DBMS_DEBUG
              • Overview
              • ATTACH_SESSION
              • CONTINUE
              • DEBUG_ON
              • DEBUG_OFF
              • DETACH_SESSION
              • DELETE_BREAKPOINT
              • DISABLE_BREAKPOINT
              • ENABLE_BREAKPOINT
              • GET_VALUE
              • GET_VALUES
              • GET_RUNTIME_INFO
              • GET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
              • INITIALIZE
              • PROBE_VERSION
              • PRINT_BACKTRACE
              • SET_TIMEOUT
              • SET_TIMEOUT_BEHAVIOUR
              • SET_BREAKPOINT
              • SHOW_BREAKPOINTS
            • DBMS_DESCRIBE
              • Overview
              • DESCRIBE_PROCEDURE
            • DBMS_JOB
              • Overview
              • BROKEN
              • CHANGE
              • ZONE
              • INTERVAL
              • NEXT_DATE
              • REMOVE
              • RUN
              • SUBMIT
              • USER_EXPORT
              • WHAT
            • DBMS_LOB
              • Overview
              • APPEND
              • CLOSE
              • COPY
              • CREATETEMPORARY
              • ERASE
              • FREETEMPORARY
              • GETLENGTH
              • ISOPEN
              • INSTR
              • OPEN
              • READ
              • SUBSTR
              • TRIM
              • WRITE
              • WRITEAPPEND
            • DBMS_LOCK
              • Overview
              • SLEEP
            • DBMS_METADATA
              • Overview
              • GET_DDL
            • DBMS_OUTPUT
              • Overview
              • DISABLE
              • ENABLE
              • GET_LINE
              • GET_LINES
              • NEW_LINE
              • PUT
              • PUT_LINE
            • DBMS_PLAN_CACHE
              • Overview
              • PURGE
            • DBMS_RANDOM
              • Overview
              • INITIALIZE
              • NORMAL
              • RANDOM
              • SEED
              • STRING
              • TERMINATE
              • VALUE
            • DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • CREATE_PLAN
              • CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • DELETE_CONSUMER_GROUP
              • DELETE_PLAN
              • DELETE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
              • SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
              • UPDATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE
            • DBMS_SCHEDULER
              • Overview
              • CREATE_JOB
              • CREATE_PROGRAM
              • DEFINE_PROGRAM_ARGUMENT
              • DISABLE
              • DROP_JOB
              • DROP_PROGRAM
              • ENABLE
              • GENERATE_JOB_NAME
              • RUN_JOB
              • SET_ATTRIBUTE
              • SET_JOB_ARGUMENT_VALUE
            • DBMS_SESSION
              • Overview
              • CLEAR_ALL_CONTEXT
              • CLEAR_CONTEXT
              • CLEAR_IDENTIFIER
              • RESET_PACKAGE
              • SET_CONTEXT
              • SET_IDENTIFIER
            • DBMS_SQL
              • Overview
              • BIND_VARIABLE
              • CLOSE_CURSOR
              • COLUMN_VALUE
              • DEFINE_COLUMN
              • DEFINE_ARRAY
              • DESCRIBE_COLUMNS
              • EXECUTE
              • EXECUTE_AND_FETCH
              • FETCH_ROWS
              • IS_OPEN
              • LAST_ERROR_POSITION
              • OPEN_CURSOR
              • PARSE
            • DBMS_STATS
              • Overview
              • ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • CREATE_STAT_TABLE
              • DELETE_COLUMN_STATS
              • DELETE_INDEX_STATS
              • DELETE_TABLE_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • DELETE_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • DELETE_TABLE_PREFS
              • DROP_STAT_TABLE
              • EXPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • EXPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • EXPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • EXPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO
              • GATHER_INDEX_STATS
              • GATHER_TABLE_STATS
              • GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_AVAILABILITY
              • GET_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION
              • GET_PARAM
              • GET_PREFS
              • IMPORT_INDEX_STATS
              • IMPORT_COLUMN_STATS
              • IMPORT_TABLE_STATS
              • IMPORT_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • LOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • LOCK_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_TABLE_STATS
              • RESTORE_SCHEMA_STATS
              • RESET_GLOBAL_PREF_DEFAULTS
              • RESET_PARAM_DEFAULTS
              • PURGE_STATS
              • SET_COLUMN_STATS
              • SET_INDEX_STATS
              • SET_TABLE_STATS
              • SET_GLOBAL_PREFS
              • SET_PARAM
              • SET_SCHEMA_PREFS
              • SET_TABLE_PREFS
              • UNLOCK_PARTITION_STATS
              • UNLOCK_SCHEMA_STATS
              • UNLOCK_TABLE_STATS
            • DBMS_UDR
              • Overview
              • CREATE_RULE
              • DISABLE_RULE
              • ENABLE_RULE
              • REMOVE_RULE
            • DBMS_UTILITY
              • Overview
              • ACTIVE_INSTANCES
              • COMMA_TO_TABLE
              • CURRENT_INSTANCE
              • DB_VERSION
              • FORMAT_CALL_STACK
              • FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE
              • FORMAT_ERROR_STACK
              • GET_ENDIANNESS
              • GET_HASH_VALUE
              • GET_PARAMETER_VALUE
              • GET_SQL_HASH
              • GET_TIME
              • IS_BIT_SET
              • IS_CLUSTER_DATABASE
              • NAME_RESOLVE
              • NAME_TOKENIZE
              • OLD_CURRENT_SCHEMA
              • OLD_CURRENT_USER
              • PORT_STRING
              • TABLE_TO_COMMA
            • DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY
              • Overview
              • ASH_REPORT
            • DBMS_XA
              • Overview
              • DBMS_XA constants
              • DBMS_XA_XID object type
              • DIST_TXN_SYNC
              • XA_COMMIT
              • XA_END
              • XA_FORGET
              • XA_GETLASTOER
              • XA_PREPARE
              • XA_RECOVER
              • XA_ROLLBACK
              • XA_SETTIMEOUT
              • XA_START
            • DBMS_XMLGEN
              • Overview
              • CONVERT
            • DBMS_XPLAN
              • Overview
              • DISPLAY_ACTIVE_SESSION_PLAN
              • DISPLAY_CURSOR
              • DISPLAY
              • DISABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • DISPLAY_SQL_PLAN_BASELINE
              • ENABLE_OPT_TRACE
              • SET_OPT_TRACE_PARAMETER
            • ODCIConst
              • Overview
              • ODCIArgDesc.ArgType
              • ODCIEnv.CallProperty
              • ODCIEnv.Envflags
              • ODCIIndexAlter
              • ODCIIndexAlter parameter alter_option
              • ODCIIndexInfo.IndexInfoFlags
              • ODCIIndexInfo.IndexParaDegree
              • ODCIPredInfo.Flags
              • ODCIQueryInfo.Flags
              • ODCIStatsOptions.Flags
              • ODCIStatsOptions.Options
              • Return Status
              • ScnFlg
            • UTL_ENCODE
              • Overview
              • BASE64_DECODE
              • BASE64_ENCODE
            • UTL_FILE
              • Overview
              • FCLOSE
              • FFLUSH
              • FOPEN
              • FGETPOS
              • FREMOVE
              • FRENAME
              • FSEEK
              • NEW_LINE
              • GET_LINE
              • PUT
              • PUT_LINE
            • UTL_I18N
              • Overview
              • RAW_TO_CHAR
              • STRING_TO_RAW
            • UTL_RAW
              • Overview
              • BIT_AND
              • BIT_COMPLEMENT
              • BIT_OR
              • BIT_XOR
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_DOUBLE
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_FLOAT
              • CAST_FROM_BINARY_INTEGER
              • CAST_FROM_NUMBER
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_DOUBLE
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_FLOAT
              • CAST_TO_BINARY_INTEGER
              • CAST_TO_NUMBER
              • CAST_TO_RAW
              • CAST_TO_VARCHAR2
              • COMPARE
              • CONCAT
              • COPIES
              • LENGTH
              • REVERSE
              • SUBSTR
            • ANYDATA TYPE
              • Overview
              • BEGINCREATE static procedure
              • ENDCREATE member procedure
              • GET* member functions
              • GETTYPE member function
              • GETTYPENAME member function
              • PIECEWISE member procedure
              • SET* member procedures
            • XMLType
              • Overview
              • CREATEXML
              • GETCLOBVAL
              • GETSTRINGVAL
              • TRANSFORM
              • XMLTYPE
          • Reserved PL keywords
      • Reserved keywords (MySQL mode)
      • Reserved keywords (Oracle mode)
    • Multi-model API
      • TableAPI
        • Introduction
          • Implementation of TableAPI
          • Differences between replace and insert_or_update
          • TableAPI data models
        • Use the TableAPI client
          • Introduction to the client and instructions for use
          • Set client parameters
          • An example of client use
        • FAQ
      • HBaseAPI
        • HBaseAPI solution introduction
        • HBaseAPI storage model
        • Usage instructions of the HBaseAPI client
    • System views
      • Overview
      • Overview of system views
      • Changes in views in OceanBase Database V3.x and V4.x
      • SYS tenant views
        • Dictionary views
          • information_schema.CHARACTER_SETS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_CONFIGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNITS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SEQUENCE_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESOURCE_POOLS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ROOTSERVICE_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS_V$
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINE_CONCURRENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_SYS_VARIABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_COLUMN_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_MANAGEMENT_CONFIG
          • information_schema.QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • oceanbase.DBA_SEQUENCES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USER_DEFINED_RULES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CLUSTER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RSRC_IO_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLANS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATA_DICTIONARY_IN_LOG
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATA_DICTIONARY_IN_LOG
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TASK_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_STAT_STALE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.ALL_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TRANSFER_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TRANSFER_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TRANSFER_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ACCESS_POINT
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ACCESS_POINT
          • oceanbase.DBA_DB_LINKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TENANT_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_EVENT_HISTORY
        • Performance views
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • GV$OB_KVCACHE
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          • GV$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • GV$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_SERVERS
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • GV$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • GV$OB_UNITS
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • GV$SESSION_EVENT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT
          • GV$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • GV$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • GV$SESSTAT
          • GV$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
          • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$LATCH
          • GV$OB_MEMORY
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE
          • GV$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • GV$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
          • GV$OB_RPC_INCOMING
          • GV$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • GV$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • GV$DML_STATS
          • GV$SESSION_LONGOPS
          • GV$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • GV$OB_PS_STAT
          • GV$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • GV$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • GV$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • GV$OB_MERGE_INFO
          • GV$OB_SSTABLES
          • GV$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_DIAGNOSE_INFO
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_COMPACTION_SUGGESTIONS
          • V$OB_KVCACHE
          • V$OB_PARAMETERS
          • V$OB_PROCESSLIST
          • V$OB_PX_TARGET_MONITOR
          • V$OB_SERVERS
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_HISTORY
          • V$OB_TABLET_COMPACTION_PROGRESS
          • V$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
          • V$OB_UNITS
          • V$STATNAME
          • V$EVENT_NAME
          • V$SESSION_WAIT
          • V$SESSION_WAIT_HISTORY
          • V$SESSTAT
          • V$SYSTEM_EVENT
          • V$OB_MEMORY
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_STAT
          • V$OB_PLAN_CACHE_PLAN_EXPLAIN
          • V$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • V$OB_RPC_OUTGOING
          • V$OB_RPC_INCOMING
          • V$SQL_PLAN_MONITOR
          • V$SESSION_LONGOPS
          • V$LATCH
          • V$OB_PX_WORKER_STAT
          • V$OB_PS_STAT
          • V$OB_PS_ITEM_INFO
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • V$SQL_WORKAREA_HISTOGRAM
          • V$OB_SQL_WORKAREA_MEMORY_INFO
          • V$OB_SERVER_SCHEMA_INFO
          • V$OB_MERGE_INFO
          • V$SQL_MONITOR_STATNAME
          • V$OB_ENCRYPTED_TABLES
          • V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES
          • V$OB_SSTABLES
          • V$OB_TENANT_MEMORY
          • GV$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
          • GV$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • V$OB_MEMSTORE_INFO
          • GV$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
          • V$OB_IO_CALIBRATION_STATUS
          • GV$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_IO_BENCHMARK
          • V$SYSSTAT
          • V$SESSION_EVENT
          • V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
          • V$DML_STATS
          • GV$OB_LOG_STAT
          • V$OB_LOG_STAT
          • V$OB_DTL_INTERM_RESULT_MONITOR
          • V$OB_LS_REPLICA_TASK_PLAN
          • V$OB_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS
          • V$RSRC_PLAN
          • GV$OB_THREAD
          • V$OB_THREAD
          • GV$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
          • V$OB_ARBITRATION_SERVICE_STATUS
          • GV$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
          • GV$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
          • V$OB_ARBITRATION_MEMBER_INFO
          • GV$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
          • V$OB_OPT_STAT_GATHER_MONITOR
          • GV$OB_LOCKS
          • V$OB_LOCKS
          • V$OB_LS_LOG_RESTORE_STATUS
          • V$OB_TIMESTAMP_SERVICE
          • GV$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
          • V$OB_PX_P2P_DATAHUB
          • GV$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
          • V$SQL_JOIN_FILTER
          • GV$OB_SQL_PLAN
          • V$OB_SQL_PLAN
      • MySQL tenant views
        • Dictionary views
          • information_schema.CHARACTER_SETS
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          • information_schema.COLUMN_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS
          • information_schema.ENGINES
          • information_schema.GLOBAL_STATUS
          • information_schema.GLOBAL_VARIABLES
          • information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
          • information_schema.PARAMETERS
          • information_schema.PARTITIONS
          • information_schema.PROCESSLIST
          • information_schema.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
          • information_schema.ROUTINES
          • information_schema.SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.SCHEMATA
          • information_schema.SESSION_STATUS
          • information_schema.SESSION_VARIABLES
          • information_schema.STATISTICS
          • information_schema.TABLES
          • information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
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          • information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES
          • information_schema.VIEW_TABLE_USAGE
          • information_schema.VIEWS
          • mysql.db
          • mysql.help_category
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          • mysql.proc
          • mysql.time_zone
          • mysql.time_zone_name
          • mysql.time_zone_transition
          • mysql.time_zone_transition_type
          • mysql.user
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESOURCE_POOLS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ROOTSERVICE_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNIT_CONFIGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_UNITS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ZONES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SEQUENCE_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_IND_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUP_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLEGROUPS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_REPLICAS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_TO_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ZONE_MAJOR_COMPACTION
          • oceanbase.CDB_OBJECTS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_INDEXES
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_PART_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS
          • oceanbase.CDB_SUBPARTITION_TEMPLATES
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_COLS_V$
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_PARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS
          • oceanbase.CDB_TABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_SET_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_PIECE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RESTORE_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVE_DEST
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_PARAMETER
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINE_CONCURRENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_OUTLINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CONCURRENT_LIMIT_SQL
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_SYS_VARIABLES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_STORAGE_INFO_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BACKUP_DELETE_POLICY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DEADLOCK_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_COLUMN_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLET_CHECKSUM_ERROR_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SUBPART_HISTOGRAMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_STATS_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_IND_STATISTICS
          • oceanbase.DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SQL_MANAGEMENT_CONFIG
          • information_schema.QUERY_RESPONSE_TIME
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_LOCATIONS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_SERVER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_FREEZE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_AUTO_INCREMENT
          • oceanbase.DBA_SEQUENCES
          • oceanbase.DBA_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_USERS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATABASE_PRIVILEGE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_USER_DEFINED_RULES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANTS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_LOG_ARCHIVE_PROGRESS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LS_ARB_REPLICA_TASK_HISTORY
          • information_schema.ST_GEOMETRY_COLUMNS
          • information_schema.ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_CLUSTER_EVENT_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_RSRC_IO_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLANS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_GROUP_MAPPINGS
          • oceanbase.DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_DATA_DICTIONARY_IN_LOG
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_DATA_DICTIONARY_IN_LOG
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TASK_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_OPT_STAT_GATHER_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_LOG_RESTORE_SOURCE
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TABLE_STAT_STALE_INFO
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.ALL_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_EXTERNAL_TABLE_FILES
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_JOBS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_JOB_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_BALANCE_TASK_HISTORY
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_TASKS
          • oceanbase.CDB_OB_BALANCE_TASK_HISTORY
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          • oceanbase.DBA_OB_TENANT_EVENT_HISTORY
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      • Common statistics events
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          • location_cache_refresh_rpc_timeout
          • location_cache_refresh_sql_timeout
          • location_fetch_concurrency
          • location_refresh_thread_count
          • log_archive_batch_buffer_limit
          • log_archive_checkpoint_interval
          • max_kept_major_version_number
          • max_px_worker_count
          • max_string_print_length
          • max_syslog_file_count
          • memory_chunk_cache_size
          • memory_limit
          • memory_limit_percentage
          • memory_reserved
          • memstore_limit_percentage
          • merge_stat_sampling_ratio
          • merge_thread_count
          • merger_completion_percentage
          • merger_switch_leader_duration_time
          • merger_warm_up_duration_time
          • micro_block_merge_verify_level
          • migrate_concurrency
          • migration_disable_time
          • min_observer_version
          • minor_deferred_gc_time
          • mysql_port
          • net_thread_count
          • ob_event_history_recycle_interval
          • ob_ratelimit_stat_period
          • obconfig_url
          • tablet_meta_table_check_interval
          • tablet_meta_table_scan_batch_count
          • plan_cache_evict_interval
          • plan_cache_high_watermark
          • plan_cache_low_watermark
          • px_task_size
          • px_workers_per_cpu_quota
          • rdma_io_thread_count
          • recyclebin_object_expire_time
          • ls_meta_table_check_interval
          • resource_hard_limit
          • rebuild_replica_data_lag_threshold
          • rootservice_async_task_queue_size
          • rootservice_async_task_thread_count
          • rootservice_list
          • rootservice_memory_limit
          • rootservice_ready_check_interval
          • row_compaction_update_limit
          • rpc_port
          • rpc_timeout
          • schema_history_expire_time
          • schema_history_recycle_interval
          • server_balance_cpu_mem_tolerance_percent
          • server_balance_critical_disk_waterlevel
          • server_balance_disk_tolerance_percent
          • server_check_interval
          • server_cpu_quota_max
          • server_cpu_quota_min
          • server_permanent_offline_time
          • server_data_copy_out_concurrency
          • server_data_copy_in_concurrency
          • ssl_client_authentication
          • ssl_external_kms_info
          • stack_size
          • sql_audit_memory_limit
          • sys_bkgd_migration_change_member_list_timeout
          • sys_bkgd_migration_retry_num
          • sys_bkgd_net_percentage
          • switchover_process_thread_count
          • syslog_io_bandwidth_limit
          • sys_bkgd_io_high_percentage
          • syslog_level
          • sys_bkgd_io_low_percentage
          • sys_cpu_limit_trigger
          • system_memory
          • system_trace_level
          • tableapi_transport_compress_func
          • tablet_size
          • tcp_keepcnt
          • system_cpu_quota
          • tcp_keepidle
          • tcp_keepintvl
          • tenant_cpu_variation_per_server
          • tenant_task_queue_size
          • token_reserved_percentage
          • trace_log_sampling_interval
          • trace_log_slow_query_watermark
          • trx_2pc_retry_interval
          • tenant_groups
          • use_large_pages
          • user_block_cache_priority
          • trx_force_kill_threshold
          • user_row_cache_priority
          • trx_try_wait_lock_timeout
          • unit_balance_resource_weight
          • virtual_table_location_cache_expire_time
          • weak_read_version_refresh_interval
          • user_iort_up_percentage
          • workers_per_cpu_quota
          • zone
          • user_tab_col_stat_cache_priority
          • wait_leader_batch_count
          • log_disk_size
          • log_disk_percentage
          • tablet_ls_cache_priority
          • opt_tab_stat_cache_priority
          • zone_merge_concurrency
          • index_block_cache_priority
          • zone_merge_order
          • sql_login_thread_count
          • zone_merge_timeout
          • enable_asan_for_memory_context
          • ob_esi_rpc_port
          • enable_cgroup
          • enable_ob_esi_process
          • diag_syslog_per_error_limit
          • ob_esi_session_timeout
          • ob_esi_io_concurrency
          • ob_startup_mode
          • ob_esi_memory_limit
          • log_storage_warning_tolerance_time
          • ob_esi_syslog_level
          • ob_esi_max_syslog_file_count
          • sql_net_thread_count
          • minor_freeze_times
          • minor_merge_concurrency
          • minor_warm_up_duration_time
          • multiblock_read_gap_size
          • multiblock_read_size
          • ofs_list
          • partition_table_check_interval
          • replica_safe_remove_time
          • resource_soft_limit
          • restore_concurrency
          • rpc_client_authentication_method
          • rpc_server_authentication_method
          • row_purge_thread_count
          • datafile_maxsize
          • datafile_next
          • standby_fetch_log_bandwidth_limit
          • local_ip
          • observer_id
          • storage_meta_cache_priority
        • Tenant-level parameters
          • audit_sys_operations
          • audit_trail
          • clog_max_unconfirmed_log_count
          • clog_persistence_compress_func
          • connection_control_failed_connections_threshold
          • connection_control_min_connection_delay
          • connection_control_max_connection_delay
          • enable_clog_persistence_compress
          • enable_early_lock_release
          • enable_monotonic_weak_read
          • external_kms_info
          • enable_sql_extension
          • default_progressive_merge_num
          • io_category_config
          • log_disk_utilization_limit_threshold
          • log_disk_utilization_threshold
          • major_compact_trigger
          • compaction_low_thread_score
          • max_stale_time_for_weak_consistency
          • compaction_high_thread_score
          • minor_compact_trigger
          • compaction_mid_thread_score
          • ob_enable_batched_multi_statement
          • ob_proxy_readonly_transaction_routing_policy
          • ob_ssl_invited_common_names
          • open_cursors
          • plsql_code_type
          • plsql_debug
          • plsql_optimize_level
          • plsql_warnings
          • sql_work_area
          • tde_method
          • writing_throttling_maximum_duration
          • writing_throttling_trigger_percentage
          • workarea_size_policy
          • plsql_v2_compatibility
          • job_queue_processes
          • ha_high_thread_score
          • ha_mid_thread_score
          • ha_low_thread_score
          • ob_compaction_schedule_interval
          • default_auto_increment_mode
          • ob_query_switch_leader_retry_timeout
          • default_enable_extended_rowid
          • major_freeze_duty_time
          • undo_retention
          • query_response_time_stats
          • query_response_time_flush
          • query_response_time_range_base
          • merger_check_interval
          • freeze_trigger_percentage
          • cpu_quota_concurrency
          • arbitration_timeout
          • compatible
          • log_transport_compress_all
          • log_transport_compress_func
          • rpc_memory_limit_percentage
          • tenant_sql_login_thread_count
          • tenant_sql_net_thread_count
          • dump_data_dictionary_to_log_interval
          • enable_user_defined_rewrite_rules
          • partition_balance_schedule_interval
          • log_disk_throttling_percentage
          • enable_rebalance
          • balancer_idle_time
          • log_disk_throttling_maximum_duration
          • ls_gc_delay_time
          • standby_db_preferred_upstream_log_region
          • archive_lag_target
          • range_optimizer_max_mem_size
          • log_restore_concurrency
          • log_archive_concurrency
          • standby_db_fetch_log_rpc_timeout
      • System variables
        • System variable summary
        • Global variables
          • auto_increment_cache_size
          • auto_increment_increment
          • auto_increment_offset
          • autocommit
          • binlog_row_image
          • block_encryption_mode
          • character_set_client
          • character_set_connection
          • character_set_database
          • character_set_filesystem
          • character_set_results
          • character_set_server
          • character_set_system
          • collation_connection
          • collation_database
          • collation_server
          • connect_timeout
          • cursor_sharing
          • datadir
          • debug_sync
          • default_password_lifetime
          • div_precision_increment
          • error_on_overlap_time
          • explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
          • foreign_key_checks
          • group_concat_max_len
          • identity
          • init_connect
          • innodb_strict_mode
          • interactive_timeout
          • license
          • lower_case_table_names
          • max_allowed_packet
          • max_connections
          • max_sp_recursion_depth
          • max_user_connections
          • net_buffer_length
          • net_read_timeout
          • net_write_timeout
          • nls_calendar
          • nls_characterset
          • nls_comp
          • nls_currency
          • nls_date_format
          • nls_date_language
          • nls_dual_currency
          • nls_iso_currency
          • nls_length_semantics
          • nls_nchar_characterset
          • nls_nchar_conv_excp
          • nls_numeric_characters
          • nls_sort
          • nls_territory
          • nls_timestamp_format
          • nls_timestamp_tz_format
          • ob_bnl_join_cache_size
          • ob_create_table_strict_mode
          • ob_default_replica_num
          • ob_compatibility_mode
          • ob_enable_blk_nestedloop_join
          • ob_early_lock_release
          • ob_enable_hash_group_by
          • ob_enable_aggregation_pushdown
          • ob_enable_index_direct_select
          • ob_enable_jit
          • ob_enable_plan_cache
          • ob_enable_sql_audit
          • ob_enable_transformation
          • ob_enable_transmission_checksum
          • ob_enable_truncate_flashback
          • ob_global_debug_sync
          • ob_log_level
          • ob_pl_block_timeout
          • ob_plan_cache_evict_high_percentage
          • ob_plan_cache_evict_low_percentage
          • ob_plan_cache_percentage
          • ob_proxy_global_variables_version
          • ob_query_timeout
          • ob_read_consistency
          • ob_reserved_meta_memory_percentage
          • ob_route_policy
          • ob_sql_audit_percentage
          • ob_sql_work_area_percentage
          • ob_tcp_invited_nodes
          • ob_temp_tablespace_size_percentage
          • ob_timestamp_service
          • ob_trx_idle_timeout
          • ob_trx_lock_timeout
          • ob_trx_timeout
          • optimizer_capture_sql_plan_baselines
          • optimizer_use_sql_plan_baselines
          • parallel_max_servers
          • parallel_servers_target
          • performance_schema
          • plugin_dir
          • query_cache_size
          • query_cache_type
          • read_only
          • recyclebin
          • resource_manager_plan
          • secure_file_priv
          • sql_auto_is_null
          • sql_mode
          • sql_quote_show_create
          • sql_safe_updates
          • sql_select_limit
          • sql_throttle_current_priority
          • sql_throttle_network
          • sql_throttle_priority
          • sql_throttle_rt
          • sql_warnings
          • system_time_zone
          • time_zone
          • transaction_isolation
          • transaction_read_only
          • tx_isolation
          • tx_read_only
          • version
          • version_comment
          • wait_timeout
          • validate_password_check_user_name
          • validate_password_length
          • validate_password_mixed_case_count
          • validate_password_number_count
          • validate_password_policy
          • validate_password_special_char_count
          • server_uuid
          • default_storage_engine
          • ob_enable_rich_error_msg
          • cte_max_recursion_depth
          • regexp_stack_limit
          • event_scheduler
          • regexp_time_limit
          • log_row_value_options
          • ob_max_read_stale_time
          • parallel_degree_policy
          • parallel_degree_limit
          • parallel_min_scan_time_threshold
          • optimizer_dynamic_sampling
          • runtime_filter_type
          • runtime_filter_wait_time_ms
          • runtime_filter_max_in_num
          • runtime_bloom_filter_max_size
        • Session-level variables
          • is_result_accurate
          • last_insert_id
          • nls_language
          • ob_capability_flag
          • ob_enable_show_trace
          • ob_last_schema_version
          • ob_org_cluster_id
          • ob_proxy_partition_hit
          • ob_proxy_set_trx_executed
          • ob_trace_info
          • timestamp
          • tracefile_identifier
          • ob_max_read_stale_time
          • parallel_degree_policy
          • parallel_degree_limit
          • parallel_min_scan_time_threshold
          • optimizer_dynamic_sampling
          • runtime_filter_type
          • runtime_filter_wait_time_ms
          • runtime_filter_max_in_num
          • runtime_bloom_filter_max_size
    • Error codes
      • MySQL mode
        • Overview
        • 0001 - 3999
        • 4000 - 4499
        • 4500 - 4999
        • 5000 - 5999
        • 6000 - 6999
        • 7000 - 7999
        • 8000 - 8999
        • 9000 - 9499
        • 9500 - 9999
        • 22998, 30926, 38104, and 38105
      • Oracle mode
        • Overview
        • ORA-00000 to ORA-00999
        • ORA-01000 to ORA-01499
        • ORA-01500 to ORA-01999
        • ORA-02000 to ORA-04999
        • ORA-05000 to ORA-10000
        • ORA-10000 to ORA-19999
        • ORA-20000 to ORA-29999
        • ORA-30000 to ORA-49999
        • ORA-50000 to ORA-99999
        • PLS-00000 to PLS-00999
    • Performance tuning
      • Overview
      • Performance related tools
        • System tools
          • General tool Top
          • CPU tools
          • Memory tools
          • Disk I/O tools
          • Network tools
        • Internal tables
          • GV$SYSSTAT
          • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
          • GV$OB_TRANSACTION_PARTICIPANTS
        • Logs
          • slow trans
          • dump tenant info
          • trace log
        • OCP
      • System tuning
        • OS parameter tuning
        • Database parameter tuning
          • CPU parameters
          • I/O parameters
          • Memory-related parameters
          • Network transmission parameters
        • ODP parameter tuning
          • CPU parameters
          • Network transmission parameters
          • Route parameters on nodes
      • Business model tuning
        • Load Balancer
        • SQL Diagnostics
        • Distributed transactions
      • Performance diagnosis
        • Monitor and diagnose the cluster performance
        • Diagnose tenant performance
        • Monitor OBProxy performance
        • Monitor host performance
        • ASH report
          • ASH
          • Generate ASH reports
          • Analyze ASH reports
      • SQL tuning
        • SQL request execution process
        • SQL execution plans
          • Introduction to SQL execution plans
          • Execution plan operators
            • TABLE SCAN
            • JOIN
            • COUNT
            • GROUP BY
            • WINDOW FUNCTION
            • SUBPLAN FILTER
            • DISTINCT
            • SEQUENCE
            • MATERIAL
            • SORT
            • LIMIT
            • FOR UPDATE
            • SELECT INTO
            • SUBPLAN SCAN
            • UNION
            • INTERSECT
            • EXCEPT/MINUS
            • INSERT
            • DELETE
            • UPDATE
            • MERGE
            • EXCHANGE
            • GI
          • Plan cache
          • Fast parameterization
          • Display real-time execution plans
          • SQL optimization practice with EXPLAIN
        • Distributed execution plans
          • Perform distributed execution and parallel queries
          • Generate a distributed plan
          • Schedule distributed execution plans
          • Manage distributed execution plans
          • Enable parallel execution and set the degree of parallelism
          • Auto DOP
          • Execute parallel queries
          • Perform parameter tuning for a parallel query
          • Parallel DML
        • SQL tuning
          • Overview of SQL tuning
          • General procedure of SQL tuning
          • SQL execution performance monitoring
            • GV$OB_SQL_AUDIT
            • SQL Trace
            • Plan cache views
            • SQL performance analysis example
              • Use SQL Audit to analyze wait events in a query
              • Analyze SQL queries that cause an abrupt RT jitter
              • View and analyze the shape of an execution plan
              • Analyze slow SQL queries
              • Query the distribution of SQL traffic and QPS among OBServer nodes
              • Check whether SQL queries are balanced across servers in a cluster
              • Find the TOP N SQL queries
              • Analyze whether an unusually large number of remote execution requests exist in the system or the execution of an SQL statement
              • Find full table scan SQL statements in a tenant
              • Find the TOP N queries with the longest execution time within a specified period
              • Analyze queries related to distributed plans
              • Check whether the RPC execution count of a distributed subplan is balanced across servers in a cluster
          • Optimizer statistics
            • Overview of statistics
            • Statistics collection methods
              • Overview
              • Histograms
              • Manual statistics collection
              • Automatic statistics collection
              • Online statistics collection
              • Dynamic sampling
            • Statistics management
              • Overview
              • Deletion
              • Setting
              • Import and export
              • Locking and unlocking
              • History management
              • Statistics preference management
            • Monitoring and diagnostics for statistics collection
            • Examples
          • Query rewrite
            • Overview
            • Rule-based query rewriting
            • Cost-based query rewrite
          • Query optimization
            • Access path
              • Overview
              • Rule-based path selection
              • Cost-based path selection
            • Join algorithm
              • Overview
              • Join algorithms
              • Runtime filter
              • Join order
          • Manage execution plans
            • Optimizer hints
            • Plan binding
            • SQL plan management
        • Glossary
        • General issues in SQL tuning
    • Performance test
      • Run the TPC-H benchmark on OceanBase Database
      • TPC-H benchmark report of OceanBase Database
      • Run the Sysbench benchmark on OceanBase Database
      • Sysbench benchmark report of OceanBase Database
      • Achieve high performance with Sysbench on OceanBase Database: deployment and troubleshooting
      • Run the TPC-C benchmark on OceanBase Database
      • TPC-C benchmark report of OceanBase Database
    • Database proxy
      • OceanBase Database Proxy
      • Overview
      • ODP
        • Overview
        • Manage ODP clusters
          • Create an ODP cluster
          • Manage ODP cluster parameters
          • Delete an ODP cluster
          • Upgrade all ODPs in an ODP cluster
          • Restart all ODPs in an ODP cluster
          • Manage OceanBase clusters connected to an ODP cluster
          • Monitor ODP cluster performance
        • Manage ODP
          • Add an ODP
          • Start an ODP
          • Refresh ODP configurations
          • Stop an ODP
          • Restart an ODP
          • Delete an ODP
          • Upgrade one or more ODPs
        • ODP startup parameters
      • Physical connections
      • Logical connection
        • Query all sessions
        • Query the details of a session
        • Query the metrics of a session
        • Query session variables
        • Terminate a server session
      • Route management
        • Table-based routing of ODP
        • LDC-based routing
        • ODP routing policy
          • Read/Write splitting
          • Follower-first read
          • Blocklist mechanism
          • Transaction routing
      • View tenant sessions
      • Terminate a tenant session
      • Set the maximum number of connections for a tenant
    • Drivers
      • ECOB
      • OBCI
      • OceanBase Connector/J
      • OceanBase Connector/C
      • OceanBase Connector/ODBC
    • Platforms
      • OMA
      • OMS
      • OCP
      • ODC
      • OAT
    • Components & tools
      • O&M management
        • ob_admin
          • Overview
          • clog
            • log_tool
            • Format of clogs
            • Transaction logs
          • dumpsst
          • dump_backup
        • ob_error
        • OBD
        • ob-operator
          • Overview
          • Quick start
          • Deploy ob-operator
          • Upgrade ob-operator
          • User guide
            • Manage clusters
              • Create a cluster
              • Scale out clusters
                • Add zones to a cluster
                • Add OBServer nodes to zones
              • Scale in clusters
                • Delete zones from a cluster
                • Delete OBServer nodes from zones
              • Delete a cluster
              • Upgrade a cluster
            • Manage tenants
              • Create a tenant
              • Modify tenants
                • Manage resources
                • Manage replicas
                • Modify other parameters
              • Delete a tenant
            • Backup and restore
              • Back up a cluster
              • Back up a tenant
              • Restore data from a backup
      • Monitoring and diagnostics
        • obdiag
        • SQL diagnoser
          • Overview
          • Deploy and use SQL diagnoser
            • Install SQL Diagnoser
            • Use SQL Diagnoser
          • SQL diagnoser remarks
            • Built-in diagnostic items
            • Diagnostic rule expression
            • APIs
            • Diagnostic items of SQL review
        • DOOBA
      • Data integration
        • OBLOADER & OBDUMPER
        • Partition calculator
          • Overview
          • Use the ob-partition-calculator component
        • CDC
          • Overview
          • obcdc
            • Deploy and use obcdc
              • Install and deploy obcdc
              • obcdc development instructions
              • obcdc_tailf
            • obcdc parameters
              • General obcdc parameters
              • obcdc parameters
            • FAQ about obcdc
          • oblogproxy
            • Deploy oblogproxy
              • Install and deploy oblogproxy by using the installation package
              • Build oblogproxy by using the source code
            • Configuration files
          • oblogmsg
            • Install and deploy oblogmsg
            • Description of some oblogmsg APIs
      • Stress testing tools
        • mysqltest
          • Use obd.sh to run mysqltest
          • Use of cases
            • Add a test case
            • Test case writing conventions
            • General test case writing commands
  • FAQ
    • FAQs
    • SQL statements
    • Deployment
    • Cluster management
    • High availability
  • Release Notes
    • Version rules
    • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition
      • V4.2
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V4.2.0
      • V4.1
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V4.1.0
      • V3.2
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.2.4
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.2.3
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.2.2
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.2.1
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.2.0
      • V3.1
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.1.2
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V3.1.1
      • V2.2
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V2.2.77
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V2.2.76
        • OceanBase Database Enterprise Edition V2.2.30
    • OceanBase Database Community Edition
      • V4.2
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V4.2.0
      • V4.1
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V4.1.0
      • V4.0
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V4.0.0
      • V3.1
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V3.1.5
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V3.1.4
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V3.1.3
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V3.1.2
        • OceanBase Database Community Edition V3.1.1
  • Glossary

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Overview Differences between the Enterprise Edition and the Community Edition System architecture Overview SQL data types Built-in functions System views Compatibility with MySQL Limitations Get started with OceanBase Database Before you begin Basic SQL operations (MySQL mode) Basic SQL operations (Oracle mode) Build a Python application Build a Java application Build a C application Build a Go application Build a Java application Build a C application Try out operational OLAP Try out parallel import and data compression Try out the multi-tenant feature Video tutorials Overview High availability deployment solutions for OceanBase clusters Deployment process Overview Deploy OceanBase Database in a Kubernetes cluster Clear out an old cluster Overview Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database Use mydumper and myloader to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database Use DataX to migrate table data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database Use CloudCanal to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database Use Canal to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database Use Flink CDC to synchronize data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database Use ChunJun to migrate data from a MySQL database to OceanBase Database Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database to a MySQL database Use OMS to migrate incremental data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to a MySQL database Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database Synchronize data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using Canal Migrate data from a MySQL OceanBase database to a MySQL database using CloudCanal Use Flink CDC to migrate data from OceanBase Database to a MySQL database Migrate data from a MySQL database in OceanBase Database to a MySQL database using ChunJun Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle database to an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database Use DataX to migrate table data from an Oracle database to OceanBase Database Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to an Oracle database Use DBCAT to migrate schemas from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database Use DataX to migrate table data from OceanBase Database to an Oracle database Use OMS to migrate data from a DB2 LUW database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database Use OMS to migrate data from a DB2 LUW database to an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database Use DBCAT to migrate table schemas from a DB2 LUW database to OceanBase Database Use OMS to migrate data from a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database to a DB2 LUW database Use OMS to migrate data from an Oracle tenant of OceanBase Database to a DB2 LUW database Use OMS to migrate data from a TiDB database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database Use OMS to migrate data from a PostgreSQL database to a MySQL tenant of OceanBase Database Use DataX to migrate CSV files to OceanBase Database Import data by using the LOAD DATA statement Import data from SQL files to OceanBase Database Use OMS to migrate data from an OceanBase Database tenant to another of the same type Use OMS to migrate data from an OceanBase Database tenant to another of the same type in active-active disaster recovery scenarios Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between MySQL tenants in OceanBase Database Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from a MySQL tenant to an Oracle tenant in OceanBase Database Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data between Oracle tenants in OceanBase Database Use OBLOADER & OBDUMPER to migrate data from an Oracle tenant to a MySQL tenant in OceanBase Database Migrate data between tables Migrate resource units Export data by using OUTFILE statements Overview of direct load Import data in bypass mode by using the LOAD DATA statement Import data in bypass mode by using the INSERT INTO SELECT statement Log on to an OceanBase Database tenant Overview Cluster parameters Tenants Tenant capacity Tenant types User tenants System variables of a tenant Overview Traffic distribution Data distribution Overview Flashback queries Overview Introduction to physical backup and restore Deploy NFS Overview Cases Overview Log levels Log stability Log control Log metrics Overview Check cluster parameters
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  4. V4.2.0
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SQL - V 4.2.0
SQL
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9500 - 9999

Last Updated:2023-12-01 03:27:20  Updated
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ERROR 9502 (HY000): OUT and IN/OUT modes cannot be used in this context
ERROR 9503 (HY000): object '%.*s' of type %.*s not found in schema '%.*s'
ERROR 9506 (HY000): Only schema-level programs allow %s
ERROR 9507 (HY000): at most one declaration for '%.*s' is permitted
ERROR 9508 (HY000): duplicate fields in RECORD,TABLE or argument list are not permitted
ERROR 9509 (HY000): Pragma AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION cannot be specified here
ERROR 9510 (HY000): illegal EXIT/CONTINUE statement; it must appear inside a loop
ERROR 9512 (HY000): EXIT/CONTINUE label '%.*s' must label a LOOP statement
ERROR 9513 (HY000): expression '%.*s' is inappropriate as the left hand side of an assignment statement
ERROR 9514 (HY000): a variable declared NOT NULL must have an initialization assignment
ERROR 9515 (HY000): Constant declarations should contain initialization assignments
ERROR 9516 (HY000): Cursor Variables cannot be declared as part of a package
ERROR 9518 (HY000): value in LIMIT clause: \'%.*s\' use is invalid
ERROR 9519 (HY000): expression is of wrong type
ERROR 9520 (HY000): cannot compile body of '%.*s' without its specification
ERROR 9521 (HY000): subprogram '%.*s' is declared in an object type body and must be defined in the object type specification
ERROR 9522 (HY000): subprogram or cursor '%.*s' is declared in an object type specification and must be defined in the object type body
ERROR 9523 (HY000): An object type may have only 1 MAP or 1 ORDER method
ERROR 9524 (HY000): A MAP or ORDER function is required for comparing objects in PL/SQL
ERROR 9525 (HY000): Only a function may be a MAP, ORDER or CONSTRUCTOR method
ERROR 9526 (HY000): identifier '%.*s' too long
ERROR 9527 (HY000): a static method cannot be invoked on an instance value
ERROR 9528 (HY000): constructor method name must match type name
ERROR 9529 (HY000): previous use of '%.*s' conflicts with this use
ERROR 9530 (HY000): the SELF parameter can be declared only as IN or as IN OUT
ERROR 9531 (HY000): MAP methods must return a scalar type
ERROR 9532 (HY000): MAP methods must be declared without any parameters other than (optional) SELF
ERROR 9533 (HY000): ORDER methods must return an INTEGER
ERROR 9534 (HY000): The parameter type in an ORDER method must be the containing object type
ERROR 9535 (HY000): Within SQL statements, only equality comparisons of objects are allowed without a map or order function
ERROR 9537 (HY000): The parameters to an ORDER function must have IN mode
ERROR 9538 (HY000): ORDER methods must be declared with 1 (one) parameter in addition to (optional) SELF
ERROR 9539 (HY000): type '%.*s' is malformed because it is a non-REF mutually recursive type
ERROR 9540 (HY000): $ERROR: %.*s
ERROR 9541 (HY000): RETURN statement in a CONSTRUCTOR cannot include an expression
ERROR 9542 (HY000): wrong number or types of arguments in call to '%.*s'
ERROR 9543 (HY000): '%.*s' must be a type
ERROR 9544 (HY000): too many declarations of '%.*s' match this call
ERROR 9694 (42000): Duplicate condition information item '%s'
ERROR 9695 (02000): Unhandled user-defined not found condition
ERROR 9743(HY000): Can't drop or alter a procedure/function from within another stored routine.Can't drop or alter a '%s' from within another stored routine
ERROR 9747 (HY000): malformed ps packet
ERROR 9749 (HY000): object does not exist
ERROR 9750 (HY000): PL/SQL: index for PL/SQL table out of range for host language array
ERROR 20000 (HY000): The stored procedure 'raise_application_error' was called which causes this error to be generated","-%05ld: %.*s
ERROR 21000 (HY000): error number argument to raise_application_error of '%d' is out of range
ERROR 32491 (HY000): snapshot expression not allowed here

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These error codes indicate Procedural Language (PL) errors.

ERROR 9502 (HY000): OUT and IN/OUT modes cannot be used in this context

  • OceanBase error code: 9502

  • Cause: The OUT keyword can be used in a dynamic DML statement only when the statement contains the returning variable but not the INTO keyword.

  • Solution: Check whether the current statement syntax supports the OUT keyword.

ERROR 9503 (HY000): object '%.*s' of type %.*s not found in schema '%.*s'

  • OceanBase error code: 9503

  • Cause: No object identified by the specified type and name exists.

  • Solution: Specify a valid object type and a valid object name.

ERROR 9506 (HY000): Only schema-level programs allow %s

  • OceanBase error code: 9506

  • Cause: The INVOKER RIGHT clause can be defined only in a standalone procedure or function.

  • Solution: Delete the INVOKER RIGHT clause.

ERROR 9507 (HY000): at most one declaration for '%.*s' is permitted

  • OceanBase error code: 9507

  • Cause: Duplicate identifiers exist in the same namespace.

  • Solution: Make sure that identifiers in the same namespace are unique.

ERROR 9508 (HY000): duplicate fields in RECORD,TABLE or argument list are not permitted

  • OceanBase error code: 9508

  • Cause: Duplicate parameters are specified in PL statements.

  • Solution: Make sure that parameters in PL statements are unique.

ERROR 9509 (HY000): Pragma AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION cannot be specified here

  • OceanBase error code: 9509

  • Cause: The current location of the autonomous transaction clause is not allowed. The clause can be placed only in a block at the first layer.

  • Solution: Adjust the location of the autonomous transaction clause.

ERROR 9510 (HY000): illegal EXIT/CONTINUE statement; it must appear inside a loop

  • OceanBase error code: 9510

  • Cause: The EXIT or CONTINUE clause is not used inside a loop.

  • Solution: Make sure that the EXIT or CONTINUE clause is used inside a loop.

ERROR 9512 (HY000): EXIT/CONTINUE label '%.*s' must label a LOOP statement

  • OceanBase error code: 9512

  • Cause: The destination label of the EXIT or CONTINUE clause is invalid.

  • Solution: Make sure that the destination label of the EXIT or CONTINUE clause is valid.

ERROR 9513 (HY000): expression '%.*s' is inappropriate as the left hand side of an assignment statement

  • OceanBase error code: 9513

  • Cause: A static cursor cannot be used to assign a value.

  • Solution: Make sure that the assignment statement is valid.

ERROR 9514 (HY000): a variable declared NOT NULL must have an initialization assignment

  • OceanBase error code: 9514

  • Cause: A variable with the NOT NULL constraint is not explicitly initialized.

  • Solution: Remove the NOT NULL constraint or explicitly initialize the variable.

ERROR 9515 (HY000): Constant declarations should contain initialization assignments

  • OceanBase error code: 9515

  • Cause: A constant variable is not explicitly initialized.

  • Solution: Remove the constant declaration or explicitly initialize the variable.

ERROR 9516 (HY000): Cursor Variables cannot be declared as part of a package

  • OceanBase error code: 9516

  • Cause: Cursor variables cannot be declared in a package.

ERROR 9518 (HY000): value in LIMIT clause: \'%.*s\' use is invalid

  • OceanBase error code: 9518

  • Cause: The data type of the expression in the LIMIT clause is invalid.

  • Solution: Change the data type to a numeric data type.

ERROR 9519 (HY000): expression is of wrong type

  • OceanBase error code: 9519

  • Cause: The result data type of the expression is invalid.

  • Solution: Check the result data type of the expression.

ERROR 9520 (HY000): cannot compile body of '%.*s' without its specification

  • OceanBase error code: 9520

  • Cause: The specification of the user-defined type (UDT) is not declared.

  • Solution: Declare the specification.

ERROR 9521 (HY000): subprogram '%.*s' is declared in an object type body and must be defined in the object type specification

  • OceanBase error code: 9521

  • Cause: The function definition of the object is not declared in the specification.

  • Solution: Declare the function in the specification.

ERROR 9522 (HY000): subprogram or cursor '%.*s' is declared in an object type specification and must be defined in the object type body

  • OceanBase error code: 9522

  • Cause: The subprogram or cursor of the object is declared in the specification. It must be defined in the body.

  • Solution: Delete or define the declaration.

ERROR 9523 (HY000): An object type may have only 1 MAP or 1 ORDER method

  • OceanBase error code: 9523

  • Cause: One MAP function and one ORDER function are defined together. Only one MAP or one ORDER function can be defined for an object type.

  • Solution: Retain only one of the MAP and ORDER functions.

ERROR 9524 (HY000): A MAP or ORDER function is required for comparing objects in PL/SQL

  • OceanBase error code: 9524

  • Cause: No MAP or ORDER function is defined for comparing object types in PL statements.

  • Solution: Define an appropriate MAP or ORDER comparison function.

ERROR 9525 (HY000): Only a function may be a MAP, ORDER or CONSTRUCTOR method

  • OceanBase error code: 9525

  • Cause: The MAP, ORDER, or CONSTRUCTOR method is not defined as a function.

  • Solution: Modify the definition and rewrite the code.

ERROR 9526 (HY000): identifier '%.*s' too long

  • OceanBase error code: 9526

  • Cause: The label name is too long. It can be up to 128 characters in length.

  • Solution: Modify the label name.

ERROR 9527 (HY000): a static method cannot be invoked on an instance value

  • OceanBase error code: 9527

  • Cause: An instance cannot invoke static functions.

  • Solution: Modify the invocation method to invoke functions by type name.

ERROR 9528 (HY000): constructor method name must match type name

  • OceanBase error code: 9528

  • Cause: The constructor name is not the same as the type name.

  • Solution: Make sure that the constructor name is the same as the type name.

ERROR 9529 (HY000): previous use of '%.*s' conflicts with this use

  • OceanBase error code: 9529

  • Cause: A name conflict occurred. For example, variables of different types have duplicate names.

  • Solution: Make sure that each variable name is unique.

ERROR 9530 (HY000): the SELF parameter can be declared only as IN or as IN OUT

  • OceanBase error code: 9530

  • Cause: The modifier of the SELF parameter must be IN or IN OUT.

  • Solution: Modify the modifier as required.

ERROR 9531 (HY000): MAP methods must return a scalar type

  • OceanBase error code: 9531

  • Cause: A MAP function must return scalar values but not complex values.

  • Solution: Change the type of returned values.

ERROR 9532 (HY000): MAP methods must be declared without any parameters other than (optional) SELF

  • OceanBase error code: 9532

  • Cause: A MAP function can contain only the SELF parameter. The SELF parameter can be explicitly or implicitly defined.

  • Solution: Remove the excess parameters.

ERROR 9533 (HY000): ORDER methods must return an INTEGER

  • OceanBase error code: 9533

  • Cause: An ORDER function must return integers.

  • Solution: Change the type of returned values.

ERROR 9534 (HY000): The parameter type in an ORDER method must be the containing object type

  • OceanBase error code: 9534

  • Cause: The parameter type of an ORDER function must be the same as the corresponding object type.

  • Solution: Change the parameter type.

ERROR 9535 (HY000): Within SQL statements, only equality comparisons of objects are allowed without a map or order function

  • OceanBase error code: 9535

  • Cause: Only equality comparison is allowed because the SQL statement contains no MAP or ORDER function.

  • Solution: Add a MAP function or an ORDER function, or perform only equality comparison.

ERROR 9537 (HY000): The parameters to an ORDER function must have IN mode

  • OceanBase error code: 9537

  • Cause: The parameter modifier of an ORDER function must be IN.

  • Solution: Modify the parameter modifier.

ERROR 9538 (HY000): ORDER methods must be declared with 1 (one) parameter in addition to (optional) SELF

  • OceanBase error code: 9538

  • Cause: An ORDER function cannot contain only the SELF parameter.

  • Solution: Define a parameter of the required type in addition to the SELF parameter.

ERROR 9539 (HY000): type '%.*s' is malformed because it is a non-REF mutually recursive type

  • OceanBase error code: 9539

  • Cause: The type encountered a recursive reference.

  • Solution: Remove the recursive reference.

ERROR 9540 (HY000): $ERROR: %.*s

  • OceanBase error code: 9540

  • Cause: The $ERROR instruction triggered an expected error.

  • Solution: Troubleshooting is not required.

ERROR 9541 (HY000): RETURN statement in a CONSTRUCTOR cannot include an expression

  • OceanBase error code: 9541

  • Cause: The RETURN statement of the CONSTRUCTOR function cannot contain any expression.

  • Solution: Remove the expression from the RETURN statement.

ERROR 9542 (HY000): wrong number or types of arguments in call to '%.*s'

  • OceanBase error code: 9542

  • Cause: No matching function was found when the subprocedure was called because the function name, number of parameters, or the parameter type is invalid.

  • Solution: Check the specified function name, number of parameters, and parameter type. If the error persists, check the access scope of the function.

ERROR 9543 (HY000): '%.*s' must be a type

  • OceanBase error code: 9543

  • Cause: The type modifier used in the declaration or expression is invalid. For example, %type or %rowtype is missing.

  • Solution: Modify the type modifier as required.

ERROR 9544 (HY000): too many declarations of '%.*s' match this call

  • OceanBase error code: 9544

  • Cause: Multiple function invocation methods are matched. This may be because multiple function invocation methods exist for the function to be invoked and no method can be exactly matched.

  • Solution: Make sure that the function name and parameter type are valid.

ERROR 9694 (42000): Duplicate condition information item '%s'

  • OceanBase error code: 9694

  • Cause: The definition of condition contains duplicate items.

  • Solution: Remove duplicate items from the definition of the condition.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ERROR 9695 (02000): Unhandled user-defined not found condition

  • OceanBase error code: 9695

  • Cause: Undefined conditions are used.

  • Solution: Use only defined conditions.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.0.0.

ERROR 9743(HY000): Can't drop or alter a procedure/function from within another stored routine.Can't drop or alter a '%s' from within another stored routine

  • OceanBase error code: 9743
  • MySQL error code: 1357

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.1.0.

ERROR 9747 (HY000): malformed ps packet

  • OceanBase error code: 9747
  • Cause: The format of the prepared statement packets sent by the client is invalid.
  • Solution: Make sure that the version of the client matches that of the server.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.0.

ERROR 9749 (HY000): object does not exist

  • OceanBase error code: 9749
  • Cause: The requested object does not exist.
  • Solution: Make sure that the specified name of the requested object is correct.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.0.

ERROR 9750 (HY000): PL/SQL: index for PL/SQL table out of range for host language array

  • OceanBase error code: 9750
  • Cause: When you use a PL/SQL table, the index values exceed the value range of the array.
  • Solution: Make sure that the values of the index do not exceed the value range of the array.

Note

This error code is introduced since OceanBase Database V4.2.0.

ERROR 20000 (HY000): The stored procedure 'raise_application_error' was called which causes this error to be generated","-%05ld: %.*s

  • OceanBase error code: 20000

  • Cause: The RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR procedure was called. This error code is implicit and is specified by a user. Error codes that identify the RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR procedure range from 20000 to 20999.

  • Solution: This user-defined error is explicitly thrown by a user, and troubleshooting is not required.

ERROR 21000 (HY000): error number argument to raise_application_error of '%d' is out of range

  • OceanBase error code: 21000

  • Cause: The user-defined error code for the RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR procedure is invalid. The error code must range from 20000 to 20999.

  • Solution: Specify an error code within the range of 20000 to 20999.

ERROR 32491 (HY000): snapshot expression not allowed here

  • OceanBase error code: 32491

  • Cause: The SNAPSHOT expression is not allowed in the current statement. The expression can be used only in a read-only statement.

  • Solution: Remove the SNAPSHOT expression or set the statement to be a read-only statement.

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What is on this page
ERROR 9502 (HY000): OUT and IN/OUT modes cannot be used in this context
ERROR 9503 (HY000): object '%.*s' of type %.*s not found in schema '%.*s'
ERROR 9506 (HY000): Only schema-level programs allow %s
ERROR 9507 (HY000): at most one declaration for '%.*s' is permitted
ERROR 9508 (HY000): duplicate fields in RECORD,TABLE or argument list are not permitted
ERROR 9509 (HY000): Pragma AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION cannot be specified here
ERROR 9510 (HY000): illegal EXIT/CONTINUE statement; it must appear inside a loop
ERROR 9512 (HY000): EXIT/CONTINUE label '%.*s' must label a LOOP statement
ERROR 9513 (HY000): expression '%.*s' is inappropriate as the left hand side of an assignment statement
ERROR 9514 (HY000): a variable declared NOT NULL must have an initialization assignment
ERROR 9515 (HY000): Constant declarations should contain initialization assignments
ERROR 9516 (HY000): Cursor Variables cannot be declared as part of a package
ERROR 9518 (HY000): value in LIMIT clause: \'%.*s\' use is invalid
ERROR 9519 (HY000): expression is of wrong type
ERROR 9520 (HY000): cannot compile body of '%.*s' without its specification
ERROR 9521 (HY000): subprogram '%.*s' is declared in an object type body and must be defined in the object type specification
ERROR 9522 (HY000): subprogram or cursor '%.*s' is declared in an object type specification and must be defined in the object type body
ERROR 9523 (HY000): An object type may have only 1 MAP or 1 ORDER method
ERROR 9524 (HY000): A MAP or ORDER function is required for comparing objects in PL/SQL
ERROR 9525 (HY000): Only a function may be a MAP, ORDER or CONSTRUCTOR method
ERROR 9526 (HY000): identifier '%.*s' too long
ERROR 9527 (HY000): a static method cannot be invoked on an instance value
ERROR 9528 (HY000): constructor method name must match type name
ERROR 9529 (HY000): previous use of '%.*s' conflicts with this use
ERROR 9530 (HY000): the SELF parameter can be declared only as IN or as IN OUT
ERROR 9531 (HY000): MAP methods must return a scalar type
ERROR 9532 (HY000): MAP methods must be declared without any parameters other than (optional) SELF
ERROR 9533 (HY000): ORDER methods must return an INTEGER
ERROR 9534 (HY000): The parameter type in an ORDER method must be the containing object type
ERROR 9535 (HY000): Within SQL statements, only equality comparisons of objects are allowed without a map or order function
ERROR 9537 (HY000): The parameters to an ORDER function must have IN mode
ERROR 9538 (HY000): ORDER methods must be declared with 1 (one) parameter in addition to (optional) SELF
ERROR 9539 (HY000): type '%.*s' is malformed because it is a non-REF mutually recursive type
ERROR 9540 (HY000): $ERROR: %.*s
ERROR 9541 (HY000): RETURN statement in a CONSTRUCTOR cannot include an expression
ERROR 9542 (HY000): wrong number or types of arguments in call to '%.*s'
ERROR 9543 (HY000): '%.*s' must be a type
ERROR 9544 (HY000): too many declarations of '%.*s' match this call
ERROR 9694 (42000): Duplicate condition information item '%s'
ERROR 9695 (02000): Unhandled user-defined not found condition
ERROR 9743(HY000): Can't drop or alter a procedure/function from within another stored routine.Can't drop or alter a '%s' from within another stored routine
ERROR 9747 (HY000): malformed ps packet
ERROR 9749 (HY000): object does not exist
ERROR 9750 (HY000): PL/SQL: index for PL/SQL table out of range for host language array
ERROR 20000 (HY000): The stored procedure 'raise_application_error' was called which causes this error to be generated","-%05ld: %.*s
ERROR 21000 (HY000): error number argument to raise_application_error of '%d' is out of range
ERROR 32491 (HY000): snapshot expression not allowed here